Bacteria purification and enrichment device and method based on gel electrophoresis

Abstract

The invention relates to a bacterium purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis. The bacterium purification and enrichment device comprises a sample conveying device, a sample chamber and a sample collecting device, wherein the sample conveying device is used for conveying a to-be-separated sample solution containing a certain bacterium concentration; the sample chamber is formed by enclosing a hydrogel film; a waste liquid chamber for replacing waste liquid after impurity separation is completed is arranged at the periphery of the sample chamber; a waste liquid storage device; bases are arranged at the bottoms of the sample chamber and the waste liquid chamber; a first electrode is arranged at the top of the base and the bottom of the sample chamber; a second electrode is arranged at the top of the base and the bottom of the waste liquid chamber; a circuit control system connected with the first electrode and the second electrode is arranged at the bottom of the base; the circuit control system applies reverse voltage to the two ends of the gel film, under the combined action of liquid level difference and electrophoresis, bacteria fall into the sample chamber from the gel film, bacterial liquid with different concentrations is obtained by controlling the time of the reverse voltage, and the bacterial liquid in the sample chamber is collected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fully automated products and relates to a bacteria purification and enrichment device and method based on gel electrophoresis. Background Art

[0002] Microorganisms such as bacteria are widely distributed in the soil, water, air, the surface of animals and plants, and excrement in nature. They exist in the form of single bacteria, asexual spores, and spores. Since a single natural environment cannot fully meet the comprehensive requirements of microorganisms for water, air, nutrients, temperature, and pH, they often appear in a "scattered" state and cannot form colonies that can be directly observed by the naked eye. In the detection projects for certain bacteria, because there are often multiple bacteria mixed in the standard sample, it is usually necessary to purify and enrich the bacteria from the mixed microbial population to obtain a certain type or category of bacteria. After separation and purification, the bacterial index data of the standard sample can be evaluated for pollution evaluation, product quality parameter evaluation, and active substance detection. Therefore, the separation and purification of bacteria is very important.

[0003] At present, bacterial enrichment methods mainly include physical methods and bioaffinity methods. Physical methods mainly include filtration and centrifugation. The filtration method uses a filter membrane with an appropriate pore size to separate microorganisms from the sample solution to achieve the purpose of microbial enrichment. This method is not only low-cost, but also can quickly concentrate microorganisms. It is suitable for microbial enrichment in large-volume samples. However, for sample solutions with a certain viscosity, the filter pores are easily blocked. In order to improve the efficiency of bacterial enrichment by filtration, Zierdt et al. used a positively charged filter membrane to adsorb negatively charged Gram-positive bacteria, and the application of cross-flow technology reduced the clogging of the filter membrane. The size of the charge carried by the bacteria determines the efficiency of bacterial enrichment. Therefore, factors such as the pH value, electrolytes, bacterial species and growth conditions of the sample solution should be considered comprehensively. The centrifugation method is to directly separate and enrich the bacteria in the sample without adding any medium, so that most of the bacteria settle to the bottom of the tube. However, during direct centrifugation, other components in the sample with a density similar to that of the target cells will also precipitate. Density gradient centrifugation uses a certain medium to form a density gradient in a centrifuge tube. According to the different specific gravities of bacteria in the density gradient, the target cells are separated by the action of centrifugal force.

[0004] The disadvantages of this method are that the sample that can be processed is limited, the cost is high, and it is difficult to separate different types of microorganisms, resulting in the loss of a large number of microorganisms. At the same time, due to the introduction of separation media, the enriched microorganisms must be washed, which is a cumbersome process.

[0005] Bioaffinity mainly refers to the use of the high affinity of two substances to achieve the separation and purification of bacteria, among which the most commonly used is magnetic separation. Magnetic separation technology is a type of bioaffinity method, which is mainly divided into nonspecific and specific (immune) separation. The nonspecific separation of bacteria mainly uses the principle of nonspecific adsorption of bacteria by naked magnetic beads (superparamagnetic Fe3O4 particles that are not coated with monoclonal antibodies) to enrich bacteria, and the enrichment rate of common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Shigella is as high as 98%. In addition, commonly used separation materials include bionano magnetic beads and montmorillonite, among which bionano magnetic beads have been used for the enrichment and detection of a variety of bacteria, while montmorillonite only adsorbs pathogens with particle-encoded proteins on the surface and has no adsorption effect on other bacterial groups. Immunomagnetic separation uses nanomagnetic beads coated with monoclonal antibodies to bind to target substances containing corresponding antigens, and enriches the magnetic beads through the action of a magnetic field, thereby achieving the purpose of separation and purification. This technology mainly relies on the different types of surface groups of magnetic beads to achieve the enrichment of bacteria, so it has the advantages of high specificity and high concentration and is widely used. The bacterial enrichment process of magnetic separation technology only takes 10 minutes to 1 hour, but it is limited by the type and price of magnetic bead-coated antibodies and the type of bacteria to be separated. In order to solve the drawbacks of the above technology, a bacterial purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis is provided. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis, comprising:

[0007] A sample delivery device for delivering a sample solution to be separated containing a certain bacterial concentration;

[0008] A sample chamber for storing a sample solution to be separated having a certain bacteria concentration transmitted by the sample transport device;

[0009] A sample collection device for collecting the sample in the sample chamber and the bacterial solution after sample addition and enrichment;

[0010] The periphery of the sample chamber is provided with a waste liquid chamber for displacing waste liquid after impurities are separated;

[0011] A waste liquid storage device for conducting waste liquid out of the waste liquid chamber and making the liquid level of the waste liquid chamber lower than the liquid level of the sample chamber;

[0012] The bottom of the sample chamber and the waste liquid chamber is provided with a base;

[0013] A first electrode is disposed on the top of the base and the bottom of the sample chamber;

[0014] A second electrode is disposed on the top of the base and the bottom of the waste liquid chamber;

[0015] The bottom of the base is provided with a circuit control system connected to the first electrode and the second electrode; the circuit control system applies a reverse voltage at both ends of the sample chamber, and under the combined action of the liquid level difference and electrophoresis, the bacteria fall off from the surface of the sample chamber into the sample chamber cavity, and obtains bacterial liquid of different concentrations by controlling the length of the reverse voltage time, and collects the bacterial liquid in the sample chamber.

[0016] Furthermore: the sample chamber is surrounded by a hydrogel film.

[0017] Furthermore: a forward current control button, a reverse current control button and a pause button are arranged on the shell of the base.

[0018] Furthermore: a valve for controlling the output of waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber is arranged on the conduit.

[0019] Further: a rectifier circuit for converting three-phase alternating current into direct current,

[0020] A commutation circuit for converting the direct current outputted by the rectification circuit into a forward current and a reverse current and outputting the same to the first electrode and the second electrode;

[0021] A control circuit for controlling the commutation circuit to output forward current and reverse current.

[0022] A method for purification and enrichment of bacteria based on gel electrophoresis according to any one of the above items, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. A sample solution to be separated containing a certain bacterial concentration is added to the sample chamber using a sample delivery device. The sample solution flows into the waste liquid chamber through the hydrogel film. When the waste liquid level in the waste liquid chamber rises to the same level as the sample solution level in the electrophoresis purification chamber, the valve on the conduit is opened, and the waste liquid flows to the waste liquid collection chamber through the conduit at the opening.

[0024] S2, press the reverse voltage button to apply reverse direct current to both ends of the gel film to backwash the gel film, press the pause button after powering on for a period of time, and close the catheter valve; stop adding samples when the liquid level in the waste liquid chamber drops to the same level as the sample solution to be separated;

[0025] S3, press the forward voltage button to apply DC power to both sides of the hydrogel film. The bacteria and impurities in the sample solution move toward the hydrogel film under the action of electrophoresis, and the impurities move through the film to the waste liquid chamber. The bacteria are adsorbed on the surface of the hydrogel film to achieve bacterial purification;

[0026] S4, after the power is turned on for a period of time, the pause button is pressed, and the waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber is replaced with the bacterial culture solution using the waste liquid conveying device, and the height of the bacterial culture solution in the waste liquid chamber is made higher than the height of the sample solution to be separated;

[0027] S5. Press the reverse voltage button to apply reverse voltage on both sides of the hydrogel film, so that the bacteria fall off from the wall of the hydrogel film to the sample chamber. After power is applied for a period of time, the bacterial solution in the sample chamber is extracted.

[0028] The present invention provides a device and method for purification and enrichment of bacteria based on gel electrophoresis, which has the following advantages:

[0029] 1. The present invention uses a hydrogel film as a filter membrane and combines electrophoresis technology to achieve bacterial purification and enrichment, shortening the enrichment time. The enriched bacteria can be directly subjected to subsequent identification and drug resistance testing without the need for bacterial culture.

[0030] 2. In the present invention, after the bacteria and impurities are separated, the waste liquid after separation is replaced to prevent the separated sample solution from being contaminated by impurities again, which is beneficial to the next enrichment operation.

[0031] 3. In the present invention, the reverse voltage is applied to make the bacteria fall off the gel film, thereby preventing the film from being blocked by bacteria and other impurities. There is no need to equip an additional backwashing device, which prolongs the service life of the gel film and simplifies the device.

[0032] 4. The present invention has a simple structure, no complicated operating device, is easy to use, and can be connected with a bacteria identification device or a drug resistance testing device to facilitate the completion of subsequent biological and clinical experiments.

[0033] Based on the above reasons, the present invention can efficiently and quickly achieve purification and enrichment of bacteria. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a circuit control system for a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis;

[0037] Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a part of the module I, and (b) is a schematic diagram of a part of the module II.

[0038] Figure numerals: 1. sample chamber; 2. waste liquid chamber; 3. electrophoresis purification chamber; 4. base; 5. external power cord; 6. waste liquid collection device; 7. catheter valve; 8. catheter; 9. hydrogel film; 10. first electrode, 11. second electrode; 13. forward current control button; 14. current control button; 15. pause button. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0042] The present invention also discloses a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis, comprising a hydrogel film 9, a sample chamber 1, a waste liquid chamber 2, an electrophoresis purification chamber 3, a sample conveying device, a waste liquid conveying device 6, a catheter 8, a base 4 and a circuit control system;

[0043] The electrophoresis purification chamber 3 includes a sample chamber 1 and a waste liquid chamber 2; the sample chamber 1 is arranged inside the electrophoresis purification chamber 3, and the waste liquid chamber 2 is arranged outside the sample chamber 1;

[0044] The hydrogel film 9 is a high molecular hydrophilic polymer with a three-dimensional network structure. The hydrogel film 9 is rectangular and forms a cylindrical chamber.

[0045] The hydrogel film 9 is placed inside the electrophoresis purification chamber, thereby dividing the electrophoresis purification chamber into a sample chamber 1 and a waste liquid chamber 2. The sample chamber 1 is used to store a sample solution to be separated containing a certain concentration of bacteria, and the waste liquid chamber 2 is used to store the waste liquid replaced after the impurities are separated;

[0046] The internal chamber formed by the hydrogel film 9 is the sample chamber 1, and the outside of the cylindrical hydrogel film and the electrophoresis purification chamber 3 form a waste liquid chamber 2;

[0047] The hydrogel film 9 is made of a non-antibacterial material with a controllable gel film grid. The average pore size of the hydrogel film 9 is 3.36 μm or 5.56 μm, the film diameter is 80 mm, the thickness is 250 μm, and the height is 200 mm.

[0048] The shape of the base is circular;

[0049] The bottom of the sample chamber 1 is attached with a first electrode 10, which is used to form an electric field and drive sample separation:

[0050] The first electrode 10 and the second electrode 11 form an electric field when powered on to drive charged particles (bacteria) to move in the electric field, thereby achieving sample separation. The first electrode 10 is connected to a circuit control system from the bottom of the sample chamber 1; the circuit control system is used to receive an external input signal, generate a control signal after processing, and the control signal is transmitted to the first electrode through the circuit, thereby achieving control of the internal operation of the sample chamber.

[0051] The first electrode 10 is in the shape of a circular electrode;

[0052] One end of the sample chamber 1 is connected to a sample delivery device for delivering a sample to be separated containing a certain bacterial concentration;

[0053] The other end of the sample chamber 1 is connected to a sample collecting device;

[0054] The sample collection device is used to collect the sample in the sample chamber 1 and the bacterial solution after sample addition and enrichment;

[0055] The other end of the waste liquid chamber 2 is connected to a waste liquid collection device 6 for adding samples and collecting the enriched bacterial liquid;

[0056] A second electrode 11 is attached to the bottom of the waste liquid chamber 2. The second electrode 11 is connected to the circuit control system from the bottom of the waste liquid chamber; the second electrode 11 is a ring-shaped sheet electrode;

[0057] The waste liquid conveying device 6 is connected to the waste liquid chamber 2 and is used for injection and replacement of waste liquid;

[0058] The conduit 8 is connected to the waste liquid conveying device 6 to discharge part of the waste liquid, and the conduit 8 is controlled by the valve 7 on the conduit 8;

[0059] The shell material of the electrophoresis purification chamber 3 is plastic, and the bottom of the electrophoresis purification chamber 3 is connected to the base 4;

[0060] The control system is arranged inside the base 4;

[0061] The base 4 is connected to an external power line 5.

[0062] The electrode interface led out from the sample chamber 1 and the waste liquid chamber 2 is connected to the circuit control system inside the base 4;

[0063] The circuit control system is connected to an external power line and is divided into a rectification circuit, a commutation circuit and a control circuit.

[0064] The rectifier circuit is used to convert three-phase alternating current into direct current;

[0065] The commutation circuit converts the direct current output by the rectifier circuit into alternating current again, and forms a forward current and a reverse current, and outputs them to the first electrode and the second electrode;

[0066] The control circuit generates a control signal according to an external signal or a preset instruction to achieve precise control of parameters such as the output current of the rectifier circuit and the commutation circuit.

[0067] The rectifier circuit adopts a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit.

[0068] The commutation circuit is realized by relays.

[0069] The voltage reversing and pause functions can be achieved by pressing the button on the base.

[0070] According to the determination of the power-on time, it takes about five minutes to purify and enrich the bacteria in the sample solution by processing 1L of sample solution.

[0071] The basic principle of a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis disclosed in the present invention is as follows:

[0072] As a water-absorbing gel with a three-dimensional network structure, during the process of water absorption and swelling, molecules smaller than the pore size of the hydrogel are absorbed into the hydrogel, while molecules larger than the pore size of the gel are excluded. By utilizing the effect of the porosity of the hydrogel on the permeability of bacteria, the purification and enrichment of bacteria can be achieved based on the difference in the size of bacteria and impurities.

[0073] When the solution to be separated and purified is added to the sample chamber, on the one hand, part of the bacteria in the sample solution will be adsorbed on the wall of the gel film during the process of water absorption and swelling of the hydrogel film 9 itself; on the other hand, a DC voltage is applied to both ends of the hydrogel film, and the bacteria and impurities in the sample solution move toward the gel film under the action of electrophoresis. The impurities will pass through the gel film and move to the waste liquid chamber due to their small size, and the large-sized bacteria will be blocked on the surface of the gel film, thereby achieving the purification and enrichment of bacteria. After the separation of bacteria and impurities is completed, the waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber is replaced, and the liquid level in the waste liquid chamber is made lower than the liquid level in the sample chamber. A reverse voltage is applied to both ends of the gel film, and under the combined action of the liquid level difference and electrophoresis, the bacteria fall off from the gel film to the sample chamber. By controlling the length of the reverse voltage time, bacterial liquids of different concentrations are obtained, and finally the bacterial liquid in the sample chamber is collected for subsequent experiments.

[0074] Figure 2 It is a circuit control system for a bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis;

[0075] Among them, ua, ub, uc are connected to external three-phase AC power; VS1, VS2, VS3, VS4, VS5, VS6 are diodes, which convert AC into DC; KM1 and KM2 are relays; the forward current control button 13 and the reverse current control button 14 are normally open buttons, and the pause button is a normally closed button; Ⅰ and Ⅱ in the circuit control system are connected to Figure 1 A first electrode 10 in the waste liquid chamber and a second electrode 12 in the sample chamber;

[0076] (1) Forward current control system

[0077] The three-phase AC power is connected by an external power line, and is converted into DC power through a three-phase bridge rectification. The forward current control button 13 is pressed, and the relay coil KM1 is energized, and the normally closed contact of KM1 is disconnected, so that KM2 cannot work. At the same time, the normally open contact of KM1 is closed. When the forward current control button 13 is released, the circuit system still works normally. At this time, the main contact of KM1 is closed, the interface I end of the first electrode 10 is positively charged, and the interface II end of the second electrode is negatively charged;

[0078] (2) Reverse current control system

[0079] The three-phase AC power is connected by an external power line and converted into DC power through a three-phase bridge rectifier. First, press the pause button to cut off the current in the circuit, and then press the reverse current control button 14, the relay coil KM2 is energized, the normally closed contact of KM2 is disconnected, making KM1 unable to work, and the normally open contact of KM2 is closed. When the reverse current control button 14 is released, the circuit system still works normally. At this time, the main contact of KM2 is closed, the first electrode 10 interface end I is negatively charged, and the end II is positively charged;

[0080] Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a part of the module I, (b) is a schematic diagram of a part of the module II, one end of the sample chamber is connected to the sample delivery device, and the other end is connected to the sample collection device; the waste liquid delivery device is connected to the waste liquid chamber;

[0081] A control method for bacterial purification and enrichment based on gel electrophoresis comprises the following steps:

[0082] S1. A sample solution to be separated containing a certain concentration of bacteria is added to the sample chamber 1 using a sample delivery device. The sample solution flows into the waste liquid chamber 2 through the hydrogel film 9. When the waste liquid level in the waste liquid chamber 2 reaches the same level as the sample solution level in the electrophoresis purification chamber 3, the valve 7 on the conduit 8 is opened, and the waste liquid flows to the waste liquid collection chamber 6 through the conduit 8 at the opening.

[0083] S2, press the reverse voltage button and the reverse current control button 14 to apply reverse direct current to both ends of the gel film 9 to backwash the gel film 9. After a period of power on, press the pause button to close the catheter valve 7. Stop adding samples when the liquid level in the waste liquid chamber 2 is the same as the sample solution to be separated;

[0084] S3, press the forward voltage button and the forward current control button 13, apply a DC power supply to both sides of the hydrogel film 9, and the bacteria and impurities in the sample solution move toward the hydrogel film 9 under the action of electrophoresis, and the impurities move through the film to the waste liquid chamber, and the bacteria are adsorbed on the surface of the hydrogel film 9, thereby achieving bacterial purification;

[0085] S4, after the power is turned on for a period of time, the pause button is pressed, and the waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber 2 is replaced with the bacterial culture solution using the waste liquid conveying device, and the height of the bacterial culture solution in the waste liquid chamber 2 is made higher than the height of the sample solution to be separated;

[0086] S5. Press the reverse voltage button and the reverse current control button 14 to apply reverse voltage on both sides of the hydrogel film 9, so that the bacteria fall off from the wall of the hydrogel film 9 to the sample chamber. After power is applied for a period of time, the bacterial solution in the sample chamber 1 is extracted for subsequent experiments.

[0087] Embodiment: A bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis includes a hydrogel film 9, a sample chamber 1, a waste liquid chamber 2, an electrophoresis purification chamber 3, a sample conveying device, a waste liquid conveying device, a catheter 8, a base 4 and a circuit control system.

[0088] The hydrogel film 9 is a high molecular hydrophilic polymer with a three-dimensional network structure. The cylindrical hydrogel film 9 is placed in the electrophoresis purification chamber 3, and the electrophoresis purification chamber 3 is divided into a sample chamber 1 and a waste liquid chamber 2. The hydrogel film 9 is made of a non-antibacterial material with a controllable gel film grid. The average pore size of the gel film 9 is 3.36um or 5.56um, the film diameter is 80mm, the thickness is 250um, and the height is 200mm.

[0089] A circular sheet electrode is attached to the bottom of the sample chamber 1, and the electrode interface is connected to the circuit control system from the bottom of the sample chamber 1; one end of the sample chamber 1 is connected to a sample delivery device, and the other end is connected to a collection device for adding samples and collecting enriched bacterial liquid;

[0090] The bottom of the waste liquid chamber 2 is attached with an annular sheet electrode, and the electrode interface is connected to the circuit control system from the bottom of the waste liquid chamber 2; the waste liquid conveying device is connected to the waste liquid chamber for the injection and replacement of waste liquid; the conduit 8 is used to discharge part of the waste liquid, and the valve 7 on the conduit 8 controls the opening and closing of the conduit;

[0091] The electrophoresis purification chamber 3 is made of plastic, and the bottom is connected to the base 4 of the device;

[0092] The base 4 is connected to an external power line 5, and the electrode interface led out from the sample chamber 1 and the waste liquid chamber 2 is connected to the circuit control system inside the base 4;

[0093] The circuit control system is connected to an external power line 5 and is divided into a rectifier circuit, a commutation circuit and a control circuit. The rectifier circuit is a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit, and the voltage commutation is realized by relays KM1 and KM2. The voltage commutation and pause functions can be realized by pressing the forward current control buttons 13, 2, and 3 on the base.

[0094] According to the determination of the power-on time, it takes about five minutes to purify and enrich the bacteria in the sample solution by processing 1L of sample solution.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bacterial purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis, characterized in that: include: A sample delivery device for delivering a sample solution to be separated containing a certain bacterial concentration; A sample chamber for storing a sample solution to be separated having a certain bacteria concentration transmitted by the sample transport device; A sample collection device for collecting the sample in the sample chamber and the bacterial solution after sample addition and enrichment; The periphery of the sample chamber is provided with a waste liquid chamber for displacing waste liquid after impurities are separated; A waste liquid storage device for conducting waste liquid out of the waste liquid chamber and making the liquid level of the waste liquid chamber lower than the liquid level of the sample chamber; The bottom of the sample chamber and the waste liquid chamber is provided with a base; A first electrode is disposed on the top of the base and the bottom of the sample chamber; A second electrode is disposed on the top of the base and the bottom of the waste liquid chamber; The bottom of the base is provided with a circuit control system connected to the first electrode and the second electrode; the circuit control system applies a reverse voltage at both ends of the sample chamber, and under the combined action of the liquid level difference and electrophoresis, the bacteria fall off from the surface of the sample chamber into the sample chamber cavity, and obtains bacterial liquid of different concentrations by controlling the length of the reverse voltage time, and collects the bacterial liquid in the sample chamber.

2. A bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample chamber is surrounded by a hydrogel film.

3. A bacteria purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A forward current control button, a reverse current control button and a pause button are arranged on the shell of the base.

4. The bacterial purification and enrichment device based on gel electrophoresis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A valve for controlling the output of waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber is arranged on the conduit.

5. The device for purification and enrichment of bacteria based on gel electrophoresis according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rectifier circuit used to convert three-phase AC power into DC power. A commutation circuit for converting the direct current outputted by the rectification circuit into a forward current and a reverse current and outputting the same to the first electrode and the second electrode; A control circuit for controlling the commutation circuit to output forward current and reverse current.

6. A method for purification and enrichment of bacteria based on gel electrophoresis according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. A sample solution to be separated containing a certain bacterial concentration is added to the sample chamber using a sample delivery device. The sample solution flows into the waste liquid chamber through the hydrogel film. When the waste liquid level in the waste liquid chamber rises to the same level as the sample solution level in the electrophoresis purification chamber, the valve on the conduit is opened, and the waste liquid flows to the waste liquid collection chamber through the conduit at the opening. S2, press the reverse voltage button to apply reverse direct current to both ends of the gel film to backwash the gel film, press the pause button after powering on for a period of time, and close the catheter valve; stop adding samples when the liquid level in the waste liquid chamber drops to the same level as the sample solution to be separated; S3, press the forward voltage button to apply DC power to both sides of the hydrogel film. The bacteria and impurities in the sample solution move toward the hydrogel film under the action of electrophoresis, and the impurities move through the film to the waste liquid chamber. The bacteria are adsorbed on the surface of the hydrogel film to achieve bacterial purification; S4, after the power is turned on for a period of time, the pause button is pressed, and the waste liquid in the waste liquid chamber is replaced with the bacterial culture solution using the waste liquid conveying device, and the height of the bacterial culture solution in the waste liquid chamber is made higher than the height of the sample solution to be separated; S5. Press the reverse voltage button to apply reverse voltage on both sides of the hydrogel film, so that the bacteria fall off from the wall of the hydrogel film to the sample chamber. After power is applied for a period of time, the bacterial solution in the sample chamber is extracted.

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