Anchor rod drawing force in-situ standard measuring device and use method

Abstract

The anchor rod drawing force in-situ standard measuring device comprises a center hole jack and further comprises an anchorage device, a connecting piece, an extension rod and a supporting tripod, the head end of the extension rod, the connecting piece and the anchorage device are sequentially and coaxially connected to form an anchor rod extension mechanism, and the anchor rod extension mechanism and an anchor rod are coaxially installed and fixed through the anchorage device; the supporting tripod is of an inverted-barrel-shaped structure with three sheet-shaped tripod legs, and the three sheet-shaped tripod legs are evenly distributed on the edge of an opening in the bottom of the supporting tripod. The eccentric cam and the ratchet wheel and pawl assembly are combined to form a cam structure capable of achieving axial adjustment, by means of the characteristics of the eccentric cam, the three sheet-shaped tripod legs can be stably adjusted to different heights only by rotating the eccentric cam to be matched with the one-way rotation and locking functions of ratchet wheels and pawls, and the three sheet-shaped tripod legs can be adjusted to different heights. The supporting tripod can better adapt to the uneven surface of a supporting engineering body, the supporting tripod is adjusted to the position coaxial with the anchor rod extending mechanism and the anchor rod to the maximum extent, and the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by inconsistent axes is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of anchor rod pull-out force measurement, and in particular relates to an anchor rod pull-out force in-situ standard measurement device and a use method. Background Art

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, anchor rods are widely used as an important reinforcement method in projects such as slopes, tunnels and underground structures to improve the stability of these structures. Anchor rods are usually equipped with an anchoring mechanism at one end to fix the anchor rod in the rock and soil borehole; the other end is equipped with a support plate close to the surface of the rock and soil, which bears the load of the rock and soil and transfers it to the anchor rod. There are mainly the following types of anchor rods: ① According to the material, they can be divided into steel anchor rods, wooden anchor rods, chemical anchor rods, etc.; ② According to the stress state, they can be divided into prestressed anchor rods and non-prestressed anchor rods; ③ According to the anchoring range, they can be divided into end-anchored anchor rods and full-length anchored anchor rods. Common anchor rods are: ① Resin anchor. The resin anchor uses synthetic resin as a binder to firmly bond the anchor body to the rock and soil into a whole. It consists of two parts: a resin bag and a rod body. The head of the resin anchor is bonded in the anchor eye, and its anchoring force can reach more than 60kN. The resin anchor has the advantages of fast load-bearing, large anchoring force, safety and reliability, simple construction and operation, and a wide range of applications. It also has good control of surrounding rock displacement and seismic resistance, and can apply prestress to the surrounding rock.

[0003] ② Rapid-hardening cement roll anchor rod. Rapid-hardening cement roll anchor rod is anchored by bonding rapid-hardening cement with the rock wall and the rod body. Rapid-hardening cement is made by mixing finished cement and double-fast cement in a certain proportion. The cement roll needs to be soaked in water for 2~3 minutes before use. After stirring in the borehole for 1 hour, the anchoring force can reach 60kN. The roll is easy to make, with a wide range of material sources, low cost, easy mechanized operation, fast installation speed, and no dust hazard.

[0004] ③ Cement mortar anchor rod. Cement mortar anchor rod is a full-length anchor rod, which achieves the purpose of anchoring by using the bonding between cement mortar and anchor rod and the bonding between mortar and surrounding rock. This anchor rod has good performance. The design anchoring force of steel bar and wire rope mortar anchor rod is 50kN. When the diameter of steel bar is less than 10mm, double reinforcement can be used. If the cement mortar for bonding anchor rod is mixed with early strength cement, the performance of mortar anchor rod is close to that of resin anchor rod, and its cost is lower than that of resin anchor rod.

[0005] ④ Pipe-seam anchor rod. Pipe-seam anchor rod consists of rod body, support plate and annular flange. The rod body is a low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel thin plate, with a slit along the entire length of the rod body, with a width of 10~15mm. When installed, the diameter of the anchor rod is 2~4mm larger than the diameter of the anchor hole. When the rod body is strongly pressed into the anchor hole, the rod body is compressed, and radial extrusion stress is generated between the rod body and the hole wall, so that the rod body is firmly expanded in the anchor hole.

[0006] In order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of anchor rods, the pull-out force of anchor rods needs to be tested after construction is completed. Pull-out force test is one of the important methods to evaluate the performance of anchor rods. It can effectively reflect the bond strength between the anchor rod and the surrounding rock and soil and the overall reliability of the anchoring system. Especially in the case of complex and uneven surface conditions, ensuring that the test device and the anchor rod maintain good in-situ and coaxiality is the key to ensuring the accuracy of the anchor rod pull-out force test results.

[0007] Now we have found the following devices for measuring the pull-out force of anchor rods: 1. Application number: 202110910394.4, invention name: A device and method for measuring the full-section pull-out force of a pipe-seam anchor on site, the device includes a wedge, a combined truncated cone, a tension ring, a two-half clamp, a sleeve, a support frame, a hollow hydraulic cylinder and a threaded connecting rod. The components are connected in sequence to complete the installation, ensuring the coaxiality of the device and the pipe-seam anchor; the wedge, the combined truncated cone, the tension ring, the two-half clamp, the sleeve and the threaded connecting rod work together to achieve full-section clamping of the pipe-seam anchor. Operate the hand pump to evenly inject oil into the hollow hydraulic cylinder, apply force to the spring washer and the nut, so that it drives the threaded connecting rod to move, and then pull the pipe-seam anchor. The device ensures that the pull-out force is always in a coaxial state with the pipe-seam anchor during the pulling process, and obtains accurate pull-out force measurement results. It is simple to operate, the equipment is portable, reusable, and does not require electricity, and is not limited by power, time, and location. However, in actual support engineering, it is usually difficult for the anchor rod body to be completely vertical with the engineering body, or the surface of the support engineering body is uneven. Therefore, in the actual pulling process, the axis of the anchor rod pull-out force in-situ measurement device is not completely corresponding to the axis of the anchor rod body, the exposed end of the anchor rod and the pulling extension rod become a bent rod, and part of the digital hydraulic power of the through-type jack is used to resist the elastic force of the bent rod. The in-situ measurement of the anchor rod pull-out force has the problem of inaccurate anchor rod pull-out force. At this time, the anchor rod pull-out force is not equal to the digital display value of the through-type jack. Therefore, when the device of the invention is used on the uneven surface of the support engineering body, the pad is still used as the main body of the support frame and the support engineering body surface. It is difficult to adjust the axis of the support frame and the anchor rod to be consistent, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. In addition, before the pad is installed, this device also needs to cut and remove the original anchor plate of the anchor rod, which adds the process of hot work to cut off the anchor plate. Not only is the measurement process more complicated, but there are also safety hazards.

[0008] 2. Patent No.: 201610045748.2, Invention Name: A device for measuring the pull-out force of a pipe-seam anchor rod on site, mainly comprising a clamping ring (1), a U-shaped clamping groove (2), a support frame (3), a through-type jack (4), a pull rod (5) and a scale (6). The support bolt (12) on the support frame (3) of the device can be adjusted in height to adapt to the uneven rock surface underground, ensuring that the load applied by the through-type jack (4) to the pipe-seam anchor rod (0) is in the same direction as the axial direction of the pipe-seam anchor rod (0); the universal claw (13) can be adjusted in angle to make the contact between the claw surface and the rock wall a surface contact, thereby avoiding excessive stress concentration caused by point contact, resulting in damage to the rock surface and affecting the coaxiality of the pull-out force and the anchor rod body; the head of the universal claw (13) is tooth-shaped, thereby increasing the friction between the support frame (3) and the rock wall. Although this patent does not require cutting of the anchor plate of the anchor rod, the clamping ring used for connection must be installed and fixed together with the pipe-seam anchor rod before measurement, and the clamping ring is limited and clamped by using the annular protrusion on the front edge of the pipe-seam anchor rod. This method requires that the exposed end of the pipe-seam anchor rod must leave room for the clamping ring, resulting in a reduction in the contact area between the pipe-seam anchor rod and the wall of the mounting hole, affecting the standardized installation of the pipe-seam anchor rod; at the same time, there are also problems such as the inability to measure pipe-seam anchor rods without clamping rings, the clamping method is only applicable to pipe-seam anchor rods with annular protrusions on the ends, and the conventional bolt adjustment axis in the field is still used, resulting in insufficient universality and convenience of the device. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and to provide an in-situ standard measuring device and method for measuring anchor pull-out force which is convenient to operate, highly applicable and has accurate measuring results.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: An in-situ standard measuring device for anchor rod pull-out force, comprising a through-type jack, an anchor, a connector, an extension rod and a support tripod, wherein the head end of the extension rod, the connector and the anchor are coaxially connected in sequence to form an anchor rod extension mechanism, and the anchor rod extension mechanism is coaxially installed and fixed with the anchor rod through the anchor; the support tripod is an inverted barrel-shaped structure with three sheet-like tripod feet, and the three sheet-like tripod feet are evenly distributed on the bottom opening edge of the support tripod; a through hole I is provided at the top center of the support tripod, and the support tripod is supported on the installation anchor rod after being sleeved from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod through the through hole I. The engineering body surface of the rod, and the anchor rod extension mechanism is covered in the hollow part of the supporting tripod; an axial adjustment cam for adjusting the support height by rotation is provided on the outer wall of each sheet-like tripod foot, and the sheet-like tripod foot is supported on the engineering body surface through the axial adjustment cam; by rotating the rotation angle of the axial adjustment cam, the supporting tripod, the anchor rod extension mechanism and the anchor rod are in a coaxial position; the through-type jack is installed from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod and then supported by the supporting tripod, and then the through-type jack is limitedly installed between the nut and the supporting tripod through the nut at the tail end of the extension rod.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the tail end of the extension rod mentioned above is also provided with a displacement feedback mechanism for feeding back the extension rod displacement signal. The displacement feedback mechanism is a circular ring structure. When the nut is locked, the displacement feedback mechanism is tightly attached to the tail end of the through-type jack.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the outer surface of the column of the through-type jack described above is also provided with a data collection mechanism for emitting laser signals, collecting the pulling force data of the through-type jack and the displacement data of the displacement feedback mechanism, and storing and processing the pulling force and displacement data.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the above-mentioned axial adjustment cam includes an eccentric cam and a ratchet pawl assembly for controlling the unidirectional rotation of the eccentric cam, and the eccentric cam is rotatably supported on the surface of the engineering body; the ratchet pawl assembly includes a ratchet fixing pin, a ratchet, a pawl and a pawl rotating shaft roller with a reset spring, and the ratchet fixing pin is located at the eccentric point center of the eccentric cam and is fixedly connected to the sheet-like tripod foot; the ratchet is fixedly mounted on the ratchet fixing pin; a plurality of pawls are provided, which are distributed around the ratchet wheel in a circle; one end of the pawl matches and meshes with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the eccentric point by the pawl rotating shaft roller, and rotates and locks synchronously with the eccentric cam.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the upper limit of the rotation adjustment distance of the eccentric cam mentioned above is the sum of the eccentric cam body radius and the eccentric distance, and the lower limit is the difference between the eccentric cam body radius and the eccentric distance.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the wheel edge of the above-mentioned eccentric cam is wrapped with a rubber gasket.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the above-mentioned anchor includes an anchor ring and a reducer lock. The anchor ring is a cylindrical structure with a through hole II in the middle, and the reducer lock is a truncated cone structure composed of three equally divided arc blocks with a through hole III in the center. The axes of through hole II and through hole III are consistent, and the inner wall of through hole III is provided with anti-slip threads. The through hole II of the anchor ring is coaxially sleeved on the rod body of the anchor rod, and the reducer lock wraps around the anchor rod wall and is tightened along the rod body thread and received in the through hole II. The anchor rod body is clamped under the radial extrusion action of through hole II and the reducer lock, thereby realizing the coaxial installation and fixation of the anchor and the anchor rod.

[0017] As a further technical solution, the through hole II mentioned above is composed of a coaxial small-diameter hole and a large-diameter hole connected to each other. The small-diameter hole is in the shape of a truncated cone matching the variable-diameter lock. The head end diameter of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the head end diameter of the variable-diameter lock, and the tail end diameter of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the tail end diameter of the variable-diameter lock; the large-diameter hole is in the shape of a cylinder, and its diameter is larger than the maximum diameter of the variable-diameter lock; after the anchor ring is put into the anchor rod, the end of the large-diameter hole is supported on the anchor plate at the outer end of the anchor rod, and the variable-diameter lock wraps around the anchor rod wall and is tightened along the rod body thread into the small-diameter hole.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the above-mentioned connecting piece is an inverted barrel-shaped structure, which is consistent with the axis of the anchor ring; the groove I of the connecting piece is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the anchor ring, and a flange is provided at the center of the top outer side of the connecting piece, and the flange is provided with an external thread; the extension rod is a pull rod structure with a groove II at the head end and a long thread at the tail end, and the inner wall of the groove II is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting piece is coaxially connected to the head end of the extension rod through the threaded connection between the flange and the groove II.

[0019] A method for using an in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force comprises the following steps: Anchor extension: The anchor extension mechanism is coaxially installed and fixed with the anchor through the anchor, and the end anchor extension of the pulling force point and the anchor to be tested is completed; Axial adjustment: the support tripod is put from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod through the through hole I, the anchor rod extension mechanism is covered in the hollow part of the support tripod, and the axial adjustment cam is adjusted to make the support tripod and the anchor rod extension mechanism consistent with the axial direction of the anchor rod to be measured, and the support tripod can be rotated to further adapt to the axial direction of the anchor rod to be measured; the steps of adjusting the axial adjustment cam are: observing the axial direction of the anchor rod through the gap of the sheet-like tripod foot, adjusting the rotation angles of the three eccentric cams respectively, so that the eccentric distance of the eccentric cam is adapted to the concave and convex surface of the engineering body, and when the eccentric cam is rotated to a suitable position, the ratchet is engaged in the corresponding ratchet tooth to lock the rotation angle of the eccentric cam; Pull-out measurement: install the through-type jack from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod, and use a nut at the tail end of the extension rod to fix the displacement feedback mechanism and the through-type jack tightly to prevent inaccurate recording of the initial displacement and the pulling force during the pulling process. At the same time, adjust the displacement feedback mechanism so that the laser signal of the data collection mechanism can accurately read the displacement data; start the data collection mechanism and the through-type jack, and the through-type jack applies a pulling force to the extension rod at a uniform speed to perform an in-situ standard measurement of the anchor pull-out force. The data collection mechanism continuously collects the displacement change data of the displacement feedback mechanism and the digital display data of the through-type jack, and forms a pulling force-pulling displacement curve.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention is convenient to operate, highly applicable, and has accurate measurement results. The present invention combines an eccentric cam with a ratchet pawl assembly to form a cam structure capable of realizing axial adjustment. By virtue of the characteristics of the eccentric cam, the three sheet-shaped tripod feet can be stably adjusted to different heights by simply rotating the eccentric cam and cooperating with the one-way rotation and locking functions of the ratchet pawl, so as to better adapt to the uneven surface of the support engineering body, and to adjust the support tripod to the coaxial position with the anchor rod extension mechanism and the anchor rod to the greatest extent, so as to reduce the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by inconsistent axis, improve the accuracy of measurement, and at the same time, realize the stability and quickness of adjustment.

[0021] The device of the present invention has good portability, high safety, simple and convenient installation, disassembly and maintenance, and is suitable for in-situ pull-out tests of anchor rods under most environmental conditions (maintenance and use of simple mechanical structures in harsh environments). The device of the present invention does not require power supply, and the installation process does not require welding procedures, which avoids fire hazards and can be used on work surfaces with special measurement requirements such as those where hot work is not allowed; at the same time, the connection between the various devices is stable, ensuring the personal safety of the measurement personnel during the pull-out force measurement process.

[0022] The present invention has strong universality and is easy to apply. The present invention does not need to change the in-situ installation of the anchor rod. The anchor rod extension mechanism composed of an anchor, a connector, and an extension rod is used to achieve a stable connection with the anchor rod. According to the different specifications and sizes of the anchor rods on site, the anchor ring, the reducer lock and the connector are processed on site for applicability replacement, and different types of anchor rods can be measured in situ to achieve the purpose of universality. The anchor, connector, extension rod, support tripod, through-type jack, etc. in the present invention are commonly used spare parts or mature accessory products in mines. The electronic components used in the displacement feedback mechanism and the data collection mechanism are common materials in the market, and can be purchased for connection and installation. There is no need for redundant requirements for the anchor rod installation staff before, during and after the pull-out test. The data and image information of the in-situ pull-out process of the anchor rod on site can be obtained in real time through the displacement feedback mechanism and the data collection mechanism, and the quality of the anchor rod support project can be quickly judged whether it meets the construction design requirements. It does not affect the process and duration of the front-line production and tunnel support, and can also improve the convenience of the pull-out force measurement work, which is easy to promote and apply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force after installation; Figure 2 2-a, 2-b and 2-c are the front view, side view and top view respectively; Figure 3 3-a, 3-b and 3-c are the top view, front view and side view of the axial adjustment cam respectively; Figure 4 is a top view of the ratchet pawl assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 5-a, 5-b and 5-c are respectively a top view, a cross-sectional view and a front view of the anchor ring; Figure 6 6-a, 6-b and 6-c are the front view, side view and top view of the variable diameter lock respectively; Figure 7 7-a, 7-b and 7-c are the front view, side view and top view of the connecting member respectively; Figure 8 8-a, 8-b and 8-c are the front view, side view and top view of the supporting tripod respectively; Fig. 9 9-a, 9-b and 9-c are the front view, side view and top view of the extension rod respectively; Fig.1010 - a and 10 - b are the front view and side view of the through-type jack respectively.

[0024] Fig.11 11 - a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the data collection mechanism of the present invention; 11 - a, 11 - b and 11 - c are the front view, side view and top view of the data collection mechanism respectively; Fig.12 12 - a is a schematic diagram of the specification parameters of the axial adjustment cam in Example 1 of the present invention; 12 - a , 12 - b and 12 - c are respectively a top view, a front view and a top view of the ratchet pawl assembly of the axial adjustment cam; Fig.13 13 - a , 13 - b and 13 - c are respectively a top view, a cross-sectional view and a front view of the anchor ring; Fig.14 14 - a , 14 - b and 14 - c are the front view, side view and top view of the variable diameter lock respectively; Fig.15 15 - a , 15 - b and 15 - c are the front view, side view and top view of the connecting member, respectively; Fig.16 16 - a and 16 - b are the front view and side view of the supporting tripod, respectively; Fig.17 17 - a and 17 - b are the front view and side view of the extension rod, respectively; Fig.18 18 - a , 18 - b and 18 - c are the front view, side view and top view of the data collection mechanism, respectively.

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 1-anchor ring, 101-through hole II; 2-diameter-reducing lock, 201-arc block, 202-through hole III; 3-connecting piece, 301-flange, 302-groove Ⅰ; 4- extension rod, 401- groove II; 5-support tripod, 501-flaky tripod foot, 502-through hole Ⅰ, 503-lifting ear 503; 6-axial adjustment cam, 601-eccentric cam, 602-ratchet fixing pin, 603-ratchet, 604-pawl, 605-pawl rotating shaft roller, 606-rubber gasket; 7-Through-type jack; 8-Displacement feedback mechanism; 9-data collection mechanism, 901-laser emission lens, 902-light signal receiving lens, 903-start switch, 904-data clearing, 905-data recording, 906-data display screen; 10-anchor rod, 11-surface of engineering body, 12-anchor plate, 13-nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the implementation mode of the present invention is not limited to the scope represented by the examples.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, an in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force includes an anchor, a connector 3, an extension rod 4, a support tripod 5 and a through-type jack 7. The head end of the extension rod 4, the connector 3 and the anchor are coaxially connected in sequence to form an anchor extension mechanism, which is coaxially installed and fixed with the anchor 10 through the anchor. The anchor in this embodiment is a resin anchor.

[0030] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the support tripod 5 is an inverted barrel-shaped structure with three sheet-like tripod feet 501, and the three sheet-like tripod feet 501 are evenly distributed on the bottom opening edge of the support tripod 5; a through hole Ⅰ502 is provided at the top center of the support tripod 5, and after the support tripod 5 is sleeved from the tail end of the extension rod 4 to the rod body of the extension rod 4 through the through hole Ⅰ502, it is supported on the engineering body surface 11 where the anchor rod 10 is installed, and the anchor rod extension mechanism cover is arranged in the hollow part of the support tripod 5; in the present invention, the support tripod 5 provides a carrying point for the axial adjustment cam 6 and a supporting point for the through-type jack 7 mechanism, transmits its hydraulic power and feeds back accurate anchor rod 10 pulling force measurement value; like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, an axial adjustment cam 6 for adjusting the support height by rotation is provided on the outer wall of each sheet-like tripod foot 501, and the sheet-like tripod foot 501 is supported on the surface 11 of the engineering body by the axial adjustment cam 6; by rotating the rotation angle of the axial adjustment cam 6, the support tripod 5, the anchor rod extension mechanism and the anchor rod 10 are in a coaxial position; the axial adjustment cam 6 includes an eccentric cam 601 and a ratchet 603 and a pawl 604 assembly for controlling the unidirectional rotation of the eccentric cam 601, and the eccentric cam 601 is rotatably supported on the surface 11 of the engineering body; the ratchet 603 and the pawl 604 assembly includes a ratchet Wheel 603 fixing pin 602, ratchet 603, pawl 604 and ratchet rotating shaft roller 605 with a reset spring, ratchet 603 fixing pin 602 is located at the eccentric point center of eccentric cam 601 and is fixedly connected to the sheet tripod 501; ratchet 603 is fixedly mounted on ratchet 603 fixing pin 602; there are a number of pawls 604, which are distributed around ratchet 603 in a circle; one end of pawl 604 is matched and meshed with the ratchet teeth of ratchet 603, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the eccentric point by pawl rotating shaft roller 605, and rotates and locks synchronously with eccentric cam 601. The upper limit of the rotation adjustment distance of eccentric cam 601 is the sum of the main body radius of eccentric cam 601 and the eccentric distance, and the lower limit is the difference between the main body radius of eccentric cam 601 and the eccentric distance; the wheel edge of eccentric cam 601 is wrapped with rubber gasket 606. In the present invention, the axial adjustment cam 6 serves as the tripod foot of the supporting tripod 5. With the help of the characteristics of the eccentric cam 601, the three sheet-like tripod feet 501 can be stably adjusted to different heights by simply rotating the eccentric cam 601 and cooperating with the unidirectional rotation and locking functions of the ratchet 603 and the pawl 604, so that the axis of the supporting tripod 5 is consistent with the axis direction of the anchor rod 10 to be measured, thereby ensuring that the in-situ measurement data of the pull-out force of the anchor rod 10 is accurate and effective.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Fig.10As shown, the through-type jack 7 is installed from the tail end of the extension rod 4 to the rod body of the extension rod 4 and then supported by the support tripod 5. Then, the through-type jack 7 is limitedly installed between the nut 13 and the support tripod 5 through the nut 13 at the tail end of the extension rod 4. In the present invention, the nut 13 is used to fix the entire anchor rod 10 pulling force measuring device. The through-type jack 7 is used to provide measurement power for the anchor rod 10 to be measured. Through the axial adjustment cam 6 of the present invention, the hydraulic power provided is numerically equal to the anchoring force value of the anchor rod 10 to be measured. The tail end of the extension rod 4 is also provided with a displacement feedback mechanism 8 for feeding back the displacement signal of the extension rod 4. The displacement feedback mechanism 8 is a circular ring structure. When the nut 13 is locked, the displacement feedback mechanism 8 is in close contact with the tail end of the through-type jack 7 to feed back the laser signal to the data collection mechanism 9. The outer surface of the column of the through-type jack 7 is also provided with a data collection mechanism 9 for emitting laser signals, collecting the pulling force data of the through-type jack 7 and the displacement data of the displacement feedback mechanism 8, and storing and processing the pulling force and displacement data. During the pulling process, the data collection mechanism 9 transmits laser signals to the displacement feedback mechanism 8 and collects the digital hydraulic power of the through-type jack 7 at the same time, thereby realizing the real-time collection procedure of the pulling force and displacement data of the anchor rod 10, and further obtaining the pulling force-pulling displacement curve of the anchor rod 10 during the in-situ pulling process of the pulling force of the anchor rod 10. Fig.11 As shown, the data collection mechanism 9 is an arc-shaped sheet structure, which fits well with the cylindrical outer surface of the through-type jack 7; a laser emitting lens 901 is provided at the tail end of the sheet body, which cooperates with the electronic components in the device to emit laser signals to the displacement feedback mechanism 8; a light signal receiving lens 902 is also provided at the tail end of the sheet body, which cooperates with the displacement feedback mechanism 8 to realize the displacement data recording key 905; three function buttons including a start switch 903, a data reset key 904 and a data recording key 905 are provided on the outer arc surface; the outer arc surface is also provided with a data display screen 906, which displays data such as pulling force, displacement and the curves of the two.

[0032] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the anchor comprises an anchor ring 1 and a reducer lock 2. The anchor ring 1 is a cylindrical structure with a through hole II 101 in the middle. The reducer lock 2 is a truncated cone structure composed of three equally divided arc blocks 201 with a through hole III 202 in the center. The axes of the through holes II 101 and III 202 are consistent. The inner wall of the through hole III 202 is provided with an anti-slip thread. The through hole II 101 of the anchor ring 1 is coaxially sleeved on the rod body of the anchor rod 10. The reducer lock 2 wraps around the rod wall of the anchor rod 10 and is tightened along the rod body thread into the through hole II 101. The rod body of the anchor rod 10 is clamped under the radial extrusion action of the through hole II 101 and the reducer lock 2, thereby realizing the coaxial installation and fixation of the anchor and the anchor rod 10. The through hole II 101 is composed of a coaxial small-diameter hole and a large-diameter hole connected to each other. The small-diameter hole is in the shape of a truncated cone that matches the variable-diameter lock 2. The diameter of the head end of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the diameter of the head end of the variable-diameter lock 2, and the diameter of the tail end of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the diameter of the tail end of the variable-diameter lock 2; the large-diameter hole is in the shape of a cylinder, and its diameter is larger than the maximum diameter of the variable-diameter lock 2; after the anchor ring 1 is inserted into the anchor rod 10, the end of the large-diameter hole is supported on the anchor plate 12 at the outer end of the anchor rod 10, and the variable-diameter lock 2 wraps around the wall of the anchor rod 10 and is tightened along the thread of the rod body into the small-diameter hole. In the present invention, the variable-diameter lock 2 wraps around the exposed end of the anchor rod 10 to be tested, providing a traction point for the anchor ring 1 to pull out the anchor rod 10; the anchor ring 1 provides a restraining force for the variable-diameter lock 2, restraining the movement of the variable-diameter lock 2, so that the variable-diameter lock 2 firmly locks the end of the anchor rod 10 to be tested.

[0033] like Figure 7 and Fig. 9 As shown, the connector 3 is an inverted barrel structure, which is consistent with the axis of the anchor ring 1; the groove Ⅰ302 of the connector 3 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the anchor ring 1, and the center of the top outer side of the connector 3 is provided with a flange 301, and the flange 301 is provided with an external thread; the extension rod 4 is a pull rod structure with a groove Ⅱ401 at the head end and a long thread at the tail end, and the inner wall of the groove Ⅱ401 is provided with an internal thread. The connector 3 is coaxially connected with the head end of the extension rod 4 through the threaded connection between the flange 301 and the groove Ⅱ401. In the present invention, the connector 3 connects the anchor ring 1 and the extension rod 4, and flexibly handles the matching degree of the size and diameter changes of the two mechanisms of the anchor ring 1 and the extension rod 4; the extension rod 4 connects the anchor rod 10, passes through the through-holes of the support tripod 5 and the through-hole jack 7, transmits the hydraulic power of the through-hole jack 7, and realizes the in-situ measurement of the pull-out force of the anchor rod 10.

[0034] In this embodiment, the specification parameters of the component design are as follows: 1. The axial adjustment cam 6 is made of Q345 steel. The thickness of the structure is 20mm, the outer diameter of the rubber gasket is 148mm, the main body diameter of the eccentric cam 601 is 140mm, the eccentricity is 30mm, the pawl 604 is an arc-shaped bayonet with a length of 12mm, and the diameter of the pawl rotating shaft roller 605 is 2mm. The outer diameter of the ring where the pawl 604 fixing pin is located is 57mm, and the inner diameter is 50mm. The number of teeth of the ratchet 603 is 24, the diameter of the ratchet 603 tooth top circle is 44mm, and the diameter of the ratchet 603 tooth root circle is 38mm. The fixing pin 602 of the ratchet 603 is a circular hole with rectangles on both sides. The diameter of the circular hole is 20mm, the length of the rectangle is 8mm, and the width is 2mm. To facilitate the understanding of the example specification parameters of the axial adjustment cam 6, as shown in the figure below: Fig.12 shown.

[0035] 2. The shape of the anchor ring 1 is a through-hole cylindrical structure, made of Q345 steel. The structure is 65mm long, with an outer diameter of 80mm, an inner diameter of the large-diameter hole of 60mm, a thickness of 10mm, a head diameter of 24mm, and a tail diameter of 36mm for the small-diameter hole. The anchor ring 1 is matched with the variable-diameter lock 2 to provide an anchor for pulling the anchor rod 10. The anchor ring 1 can be processed according to the outer diameter of the anchor rod 10 on site. This embodiment recommends that the anchor size matches the diameter specification of the anchor rod 10 of φ20mm~30mm. To facilitate understanding of the example specification parameters of the anchor ring 1, as shown in the figure below: Fig.13 shown.

[0036] 3. The outer shape of the variable diameter lock 2 is a through-hole truncated cone structure, made of Q345 steel. The structure is 47mm long, with an outer diameter of 25.4mm at the head end, 37.4mm at the tail end, and an inner diameter of 20mm at the through hole. The variable diameter lock 2 is matched with the anchor ring 1 to provide an anchor for pulling the anchor rod 10. The variable diameter lock 2 can be processed according to the outer diameter size of the anchor rod 10 on site. The recommended anchor size matches the diameter specification of the anchor rod 10 of φ20mm~30mm. To facilitate understanding of the example specification parameters of the variable diameter lock 2, such as Fig.14 shown.

[0037] 4. Connector 3 is an inverted barrel structure, made of Q345 steel. The structure is 126mm long, the flange 301 as the threaded connection area is 36mm long and 33mm in diameter, the inverted barrel outer body is 90mm long, the groove I 302 has an inner groove depth of 80mm, an outer groove diameter of 80mm, and an inner groove diameter of 60mm. To facilitate understanding of the example specification parameters of connector 3, as shown in the figure below: Fig.15 shown.

[0038] 5. The appearance of the supporting tripod 5 is a three-way inverted barrel-shaped structure with an axial opening, consisting of three sheet-shaped tripod feet 501 and a round barrel from bottom to top. The barrel body is provided with a lifting ear, and the whole body is made of Q345 steel. The structure is 250mm long, the outer diameter of the notch is 150mm, the inner diameter of the notch is 120mm, and three 70° arc pieces are cut from the barrel wall as the sheet-shaped tripod feet 501. The inner diameter of the through hole Ⅰ502 is 30mm, the outer length of the lifting ear is 60mm, the outer height is 40mm, the inner length is 40mm, the inner height is 30mm, the top width is 20mm, and the bottom width is 40mm. To facilitate understanding of the example specification parameters of the supporting tripod 5, such as Fig.16 shown.

[0039] 6. Extension rod 4 is a pull rod structure with a slightly thinner tail end and long threads, and a slightly thicker head end with grooves. It is made of Q345 steel. The structure is 450mm long, the left thin section is 380mm long, the diameter is 24mm, the thread is 210mm, the gradual connection section is 15mm long, the thick section is 55mm long, the front end groove Ⅱ401 has a notch outer diameter of 50mm, and a notch inner diameter of 33mm. To facilitate understanding of the example specifications of extension rod 4, such as Fig.17 shown.

[0040] 7. The outer diameter of the through-type jack 7 is 160mm and the length is 200mm. It can adopt national standard products.

[0041] 8. The data collection mechanism 9 is an arc-shaped sheet structure with an inner arc diameter of 160 mm, an outer arc diameter of 180 mm, and an arc angle of 60°. For ease of understanding, the example specification parameters of the extension rod 4 are as follows: Fig.18 The laser transmitter lens, the optical signal receiving lens 902 and the internal and external electronic components are made of common materials in the market and can be customized according to the specific size required, and their specifications and sizes are not repeated here.

[0042] 9. The displacement feedback mechanism 8 is a circular ring structure, and the material can be processed according to the actual situation on site to meet the laser signal feedback.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] The method for using the anchor pull-out force in-situ standard measuring device of Example 1 comprises the following steps: 1. Process and manufacture anchor rings 1, reducer locks 2, connectors 3, support tripods 5, extension rods 4 and displacement feedback devices that are suitable for the size of the on-site anchor rods 10, and conduct integrity checks on the relevant components of the pulling device and the anchor rods 10 to avoid safety accidents during the pulling process.

[0045] 2. Align the through hole II101 of the anchor ring 1 with the anchor rod 10 to be tested and insert it, then use the wrench tool to tighten the reducer lock 2 along the thread of the anchor rod 10, use the through hole II101 of the anchor ring 1 to tighten the reducer lock 2, and then use the connecting piece 3 to connect the extension rod 4, finally make the anchor rod extension mechanism and the anchor rod 10 coaxially installed and fixed, complete the pulling force point and the end anchor extension of the anchor rod 10 to be tested.

[0046] 3. Align the through hole Ⅰ502 of the supporting tripod 5 with the tail end of the extension rod 4 and put it on the rod body of the extension rod 4. The anchor rod extension mechanism is covered in the hollow part of the supporting tripod 5. Use the three axial adjustment cams 6 on the outside of the sheet-like tripod foot 501 to adjust the supporting tripod 5 so that the supporting tripod 5 and the anchor rod extension mechanism are consistent with the axial direction of the anchor rod 10 to be measured. At the same time, the supporting tripod 5 can be rotated to further adapt to the axial direction of the anchor rod 10 to be measured. The steps for adjusting the axial adjustment cam 6 are as follows: observe the axial direction of the anchor rod 10 through the gap in the sheet-like tripod 501, and adjust the rotation angles of the three eccentric cams 601 respectively, so that the eccentric distance of the eccentric cam 601 is adapted to the concave and convex surface of the engineering body; when the eccentric cam 601 rotates to a suitable position, the pawl 604 engages in the corresponding ratchet tooth to lock the rotation angle of the eccentric cam 601; the locking direction of the ratchet 603 used in this embodiment is counterclockwise, and the eccentric cam 601 rotates clockwise to make a certain point of its circumference stably contact with the concave and convex surface of the engineering body, and at this time, the ratchet 603 has realized its locking function.

[0047] 4. Install the through-type jack 7 and the displacement feedback mechanism 8 from the tail end of the extension rod 4 to the rod body of the extension rod 4 in sequence, and tighten the hexagonal nut 13 along the threaded thread of the thin end of the extension rod 4 to fix the entire device.

[0048] 5. Close the oil outlet valve of the hydraulic pump and apply appropriate pressure to the hydraulic pressure rod of the through-type jack 7 to provide a certain amount of hydraulic power for the entire device and the anchor rod 10. At this time, further adjust the axial adjustment cam 6 to be stable, that is, to meet the standard in-situ pulling conditions of the anchor rod 10.

[0049] 6. Open the oil outlet valve of the hydraulic pump, and the through-type jack 7 unloads and retracts. Use a data cable to connect the data collection mechanism 9 and the digital display device of the through-type jack 7. At this time, the pulling force data and displacement data are all initial data. Check and adjust all the mechanism components to be fully installed. Click the start, clear and record buttons of the data collection mechanism 9 in turn to adjust the data to zero, so that the initial points of the pulling force-pulling displacement curve are all zero points. At this time, all preparations for pulling the anchor rod 10 have been completed.

[0050] 7. Close the oil outlet valve of the hydraulic pump, inject oil and apply pressure to the through-type jack 7. The through-type jack 7 uses the supporting tripod 5 as the supporting point to sequentially apply power to the extension rod 4 and the connecting piece 3, and further transmits power to the anchor ring 1, the reducer lock 2 and the anchor rod 10 to be tested, thereby realizing the pulling action of the anchor rod 10.

[0051] 8. When the pull-out force of the anchor rod 10 no longer increases, stop pressurizing, click the record button of the data collection mechanism 9, the data collection mechanism 9 stops recording data and saves the pull-out force and displacement data of this pull-out test, and forms a pull-out force-pull-out displacement curve. The collected data will generate an excel file and store it in the TF memory card slot in the data collection mechanism 9. By reading the content of the TF memory card, further data analysis can be performed on the PC.

[0052] 9. Open the oil outlet valve of the hydraulic pump, unload and retract the through-type jack 7, remove the hexagonal nut 13, and remove the displacement feedback mechanism 8, through-type jack 7, support tripod 5, extension rod 4, connector 3, reducer lock 2, and anchor ring 1 in sequence to complete the pull-out test.

[0053] 10. After the pull-out test, conduct a safety check and clean the relevant components of the device for the next test.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "head", "tail", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection; it can be a detachable connection; it can also be a point connection; it can be a direct connection; it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, so that the internals of the two elements can be connected. For ordinary technicians in the field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The device connection methods not fully described in the present invention are all understood according to the conventional connection methods in the field.

[0055] The above embodiments are only specific examples for further describing the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the scope disclosed by the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force, comprising a through-type jack, characterized in that: The anchor rod is provided with a through hole I at the top center of the support tripod, and the support tripod is supported on the surface of the engineering body where the anchor rod is installed after the support tripod is sleeved from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod through the through hole I, and the support tripod is supported on the surface of the engineering body where the anchor rod is installed, and the anchor rod extension is fixed coaxially with the anchor rod through the anchor rod. The extension mechanism cover is arranged in the hollow part of the supporting tripod; an axial adjustment cam for adjusting the support height by rotation is provided on the outer wall of each sheet-like tripod foot, and the sheet-like tripod foot is supported on the surface of the engineering body by the axial adjustment cam; by rotating the rotation angle of the axial adjustment cam, the supporting tripod, the anchor rod extension mechanism and the anchor rod are in a coaxial position; the through-type jack is installed from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod and then supported by the supporting tripod, and then the through-type jack is limitedly installed between the nut and the supporting tripod through the nut at the tail end of the extension rod.

2. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tail end of the extension rod is also provided with a displacement feedback mechanism for feeding back the displacement signal of the extension rod. The displacement feedback mechanism is in a circular ring structure. When the nut is locked, the displacement feedback mechanism is in close contact with the tail end of the through-type jack.

3. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer surface of the cylinder of the through-type jack is also provided with a data collection mechanism for emitting laser signals, collecting the pulling force data of the through-type jack and the displacement data of the displacement feedback mechanism, and storing and processing the pulling force and displacement data.

4. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The axial adjustment cam includes an eccentric cam and a ratchet pawl assembly for controlling the unidirectional rotation of the eccentric cam, wherein the eccentric cam is rotatably supported on the surface of the engineering body; the ratchet pawl assembly includes a ratchet fixing pin, a ratchet, a pawl and a pawl rotating shaft roller with a reset spring, wherein the ratchet fixing pin is located at the eccentric point center of the eccentric cam and is fixedly connected to the sheet-like tripod foot; the ratchet is fixedly mounted on the ratchet fixing pin; a plurality of pawls are provided and distributed around the ratchet wheel in a circle; one end of the pawl matches and meshes with the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the eccentric point by the pawl rotating shaft roller, and rotates and locks synchronously with the eccentric cam.

5. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper limit of the rotation adjustment distance of the eccentric cam is the sum of the eccentric cam body radius and the eccentric distance, and the lower limit is the difference between the eccentric cam body radius and the eccentric distance.

6. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wheel edge of the eccentric cam is wrapped with a rubber gasket.

7. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The anchor comprises an anchor ring and a reducer lock. The anchor ring is a cylindrical structure with a through hole II in the middle. The reducer lock is a truncated cone structure composed of three equally divided arc blocks with a through hole III in the center. The axes of through hole II and through hole III are consistent. The inner wall of through hole III is provided with anti-slip threads. Through hole II of the anchor ring is coaxially sleeved on the rod body of the anchor rod. The reducer lock wraps around the wall of the anchor rod and is tightened along the rod body thread and collected in the through hole II. The anchor rod body is clamped under the radial extrusion action of through hole II and the reducer lock, thereby realizing the coaxial installation and fixation of the anchor and the anchor rod.

8. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 7, characterized in that: The through hole II is composed of a coaxial small-diameter hole and a large-diameter hole. The small-diameter hole is in the shape of a truncated cone that matches the variable-diameter lock. The head end diameter of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the head end diameter of the variable-diameter lock, and the tail end diameter of the small-diameter hole is smaller than the tail end diameter of the variable-diameter lock; the large-diameter hole is in the shape of a cylinder, and its diameter is larger than the maximum diameter of the variable-diameter lock; after the anchor ring is put into the anchor rod, the end of the large-diameter hole is supported on the anchor plate at the outer end of the anchor rod, and the variable-diameter lock wraps the anchor rod wall and is tightened along the rod body thread into the small-diameter hole.

9. The in-situ standard measuring device for anchor pull-out force according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting piece is an inverted barrel-shaped structure, which is consistent with the axis of the anchor ring; the groove I of the connecting piece is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the anchor ring, and a flange is provided at the center of the top outer side of the connecting piece, and the flange is provided with an external thread; the extension rod is a pull rod structure with a groove II at the head end and a long thread at the tail end, and the inner wall of the groove II is provided with an internal thread, and the connecting piece is coaxially connected to the head end of the extension rod through the threaded connection between the flange and the groove II.

10. A method for using an in-situ standard measurement device for anchor pullout force according to claims 4 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Anchor extension: The anchor extension mechanism is coaxially installed and fixed with the anchor through the anchor, and the end anchor extension of the pulling force point and the anchor to be tested is completed; (2) Axial adjustment: the support tripod is inserted from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod through the through hole I, the anchor rod extension mechanism is covered in the hollow part of the support tripod, and the axial adjustment cam is adjusted so that the support tripod, the anchor rod extension mechanism and the axial direction of the anchor rod to be measured are consistent, and the support tripod can be rotated to further adapt to the axial direction of the anchor rod to be measured; the steps of adjusting the axial adjustment cam are: observing the axial direction of the anchor rod through the gap of the sheet-like tripod foot, adjusting the rotation angles of the three eccentric cams respectively, so that the eccentric distance of the eccentric cam is adapted to the concave and convex surface of the engineering body, and when the eccentric cam is rotated to a suitable position, the ratchet engages in the corresponding ratchet tooth to lock the rotation angle of the eccentric cam; (3) Pull-out measurement: Install the through-type jack from the tail end of the extension rod to the rod body of the extension rod. Use a nut at the tail end of the extension rod to fix the displacement feedback mechanism and the through-type jack tightly to prevent inaccurate recording of the initial displacement and the pull-out force during the pulling process. At the same time, adjust the displacement feedback mechanism so that the laser signal of the data collection mechanism can accurately read the displacement data; start the data collection mechanism and the through-type jack. The through-type jack applies a pull-out force to the extension rod at a uniform speed to perform an in-situ standard measurement of the anchor pull-out force. The data collection mechanism continuously collects the displacement change data of the displacement feedback mechanism and the digital display data of the through-type jack, and forms a pull-out force-pull-out displacement curve.

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