Vertical soil preparation method for corn straw total returning to field

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural protective farming, and particularly relates to a corn straw total returning vertical soil preparation method which comprises the following steps: cutting stubbles, straws and surface soil at equal intervals in a manner of being vertical to the ground; horizontally shifting each cut cultivated land in a reciprocating manner; the stirred stubbles, straws and surface soil are stirred vertically in a full-width mode; the straw is fixed on the ground surface by slapping the straw and is prevented from being blown away by wind.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural conservation tillage, and particularly relates to a vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to fields. Background Art

[0002] Conservation tillage is a modern farming technology system that mainly includes returning crop straw to the field and no-tillage (minimum) tillage sowing. It can effectively reduce soil wind and water erosion, increase soil fertility and soil moisture conservation and drought resistance, and improve agricultural ecology and economic benefits. The main conservation tillage technologies currently promoted in the central and western regions of Jilin Province include: straw full-coverage no-tillage sowing technology, wide and narrow row straw-covered no-tillage sowing technology, and straw-covered strip tillage technology.

[0003] The straw full-coverage no-till sowing technology is to cover the ground with straw after the autumn harvest and then conduct no-till sowing in the second year. Its advantage is that the soil has good resistance to wind erosion. The disadvantage is that the straw is easily blown by the wind, resulting in uneven distribution. In addition, if the land is not prepared before spring sowing, the ground temperature will rise slowly and the surface flatness will be poor, which will affect the quality of sowing and seedling emergence.

[0004] The advantage of wide and narrow row straw mulching no-till seeding technology is that the ground temperature in the sowing belt recovers quickly in spring, but the straw after returning to the row is easily blown back to the sowing belt by the wind, affecting the sowing quality.

[0005] The straw-covered strip tillage technology solves problems such as straw being blown back, slow ground temperature recovery, and affecting sowing quality. However, it causes a large amount of soil movement due to the loose seed bed and lack of straw covering, resulting in soil exposure, wind erosion, and moisture loss.

[0006] In summary, in the central and western regions of Jilin Province, there is a need for a land preparation method that can not only maintain a high straw coverage rate on the ground and improve the soil's resistance to wind erosion, but also help increase ground temperature, level the ground surface, and ensure sowing quality.

[0007] Technical content

[0008] In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field, and the specific technical contents are as follows:

[0009] A method for returning all corn stalks to fields for ploughing and land preparation, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: During the autumn harvest, use a grain harvester or a fruit ear harvester with a straw return function. The stubble height after machine harvesting should be below 11 cm, and the length of the crushed or cut straw should be less than 10 cm. The processed straw should be evenly covered on the surface.

[0011] Step 2: Make evenly spaced linear cuts vertically on the stubble, straw and surface soil to cut the cultivated land into several strips with a cutting depth of 4-15 cm.

[0012] Step 3: Move each piece of cultivated land back and forth horizontally to loosen the soil and evenly mix the finely chopped straw in contact with the soil. After the operation, the surface straw coverage rate should be no less than 85%.

[0013] Step 4: Stir the stubble, straw and shallow soil of each cultivated land vertically up and down to further mix the straw and soil. The stirring trajectory is a cycloid. Sprinkle the straw and shallow soil along the cycloid trajectory. After spreading, the straw on the surface is evenly distributed, the coverage rate should be no less than 70%, and the surface soil is flat.

[0014] Step 5: Continuously pat each piece of cultivated land along the cutting line to further break up the soil while patting the straw to the surface and keep it in close contact with the soil to prevent it from being blown away by the wind.

[0015] Preferably, the linear cutting of the stubble, straw and surface soil at equal intervals in step 2 has a linear cutting interval of 7-15 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the horizontal reciprocating movement in step three has a movement depth equal to the linear cutting depth in step two.

[0017] Preferably, the horizontal reciprocating movement in step three has a movement width equal to the linear cutting spacing.

[0018] Preferably, in step 4, the stubble, straw and soil are stirred vertically up and down in full width, and the stirring depth of the soil is ≤4 cm.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. High straw coverage rate. After the operation, the straw coverage rate is not less than 70% and the straw is fixed on the surface and not easily blown away by the wind. The soil has strong wind erosion resistance and is conducive to moisture conservation.

[0021] 2. The vertical land preparation and horizontal reciprocating movement do not disturb the soil, which has the advantage of not changing the soil tillage layer structure and not producing a compacted layer.

[0022] 3. The horizontal reciprocating stirring depth is consistent, forming a smooth seeding bed at the stirring depth, which is beneficial to improving the quality of seedling emergence and achieving uniform and even seedlings; the soil capillaries below the seeding bed are not damaged, which is beneficial to increasing moisture; the soil capillaries above the seeding bed are cut and damaged, which is beneficial to moisture conservation.

[0023] 4. The straw is finely chopped and covered evenly and flatly, which is conducive to improving the quality of spring sowing.

[0024] 5. The surface soil is loose, fine and flat, the soil has good air permeability, and the ground temperature recovers quickly, which is conducive to improving the quality of seedling emergence.

[0025] 6. The straw layer is in close contact with the soil, and a small amount of straw is mixed into the surface soil, which is conducive to the decomposition of the straw.

[0026] 7. Return all straw to the fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top view of the cultivated land covered with straw after linear cutting;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional diagram after linear cutting of the cultivated land covered with full straw;

[0029] Figure 3 To make a horizontal reciprocating top view of the cultivated land after linear cutting;

[0030] Figure 4 It is the cross-sectional diagram after the cultivated land is horizontally reciprocated;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a side view of the gear-type soil preparation mechanism stirring the straw and surface soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0034] Example

[0035] Step 1: In the autumn in Qian'an County, Jilin Province, corn cob harvesters were used to harvest corn, leaving 10 cm of stubble. After the stalks were cut to 8 cm, they were returned to the field and covered on the ground.

[0036] Step 2: Use a rolling disc blade to cut the stubble, straw and surface soil at equal intervals, cutting the cultivated land into several strips. The cutting interval is 10 cm and the cutting blade is 6 cm deep into the soil. The state of the cultivated land after cutting is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown.

[0037] Step 3: Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, two rows of bulldozer blades are used to move horizontally back and forth for each cutting of cultivated land, and the movement direction of the bulldozer blades is parallel to the cutting line described in step 2; the front end of each bulldozer blade coincides with the cutting line, and the rear end coincides with another adjacent cutting line; the angle between the plane of the first row of bulldozer blades and the cutting line is 10°, and the angle between the plane of the second row of bulldozer blades and the cutting line is -10°.

[0038] The bulldozer blade group is composed of several bulldozer blades connected in series, each bulldozer blade is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground, and the distance between two adjacent bulldozer blades is 105mm.

[0039] Step 4: Figure 5 As shown, a gear-type land preparation mechanism is used to vertically stir each cultivated land after being moved. The motion trajectory of each gear tooth is a cycloid. The gear teeth are inserted into the stubble, straw and shallow soil with a depth of no more than 4 cm. The mixture of stubble, straw and soil is picked up and thrown to achieve uniform coverage of the straw on the surface.

[0040] Step 5: Use a cage-type soil-breaking mechanism to continuously pat each piece of cultivated land along the cutting line, breaking up the soil clods while fixing the straw on the surface.

[0041] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related system fields, are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: In autumn, use a grain harvester or a fruit ear harvester with a straw return function to harvest. The stubble height after machine harvesting should be less than 11 cm. The length of the straw crushed or cut segments after the harvester operation should be less than 10 cm. The processed straw should be fully covered on the surface. Step 2: Perform linear cuts at equal intervals on the stubble, straw and surface soil vertically, with a cutting depth of 4-15 cm; Step 3: Move each cultivated land horizontally back and forth, and the straw coverage rate should be no less than 85% after the movement; Step 4: Stir the stubble, straw and shallow soil of each cultivated land vertically up and down. After stirring, the straw coverage rate should be no less than 70%; Step 5: Continuously shoot all the fields along the cutting line.

2. A vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stubble, straw and surface soil are linearly cut at equal intervals in step 2, and the cutting interval is 7-15 cm.

3. A vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal reciprocating movement in step three has a movement depth equal to the linear cutting depth in step two.

4. A vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the horizontal reciprocating movement described in step 3 is equal to the linear cutting spacing.

5. The vertical land preparation method for returning all corn stalks to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stubble, straw and soil described in step 4 are stirred vertically up and down in full width, with a stirring depth of ≤4cm.

Images