Four-year-two-cropping cultivation mode for late-maturing mangoes

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-year-two-cropping cultivation mode for late-maturing mangoes, and belongs to the technical field of fruit planting and cultivation. The invention discloses a four-year-two-cropping cultivation mode for late-maturing mangoes. The late-maturing mangoes are planted in a four-year-two-cropping cultivation mode. According to the four-year double-cropping cultivation mode, in every four years, robust fruiting mother branches are cultivated in a first year and a third year in a centralized mode, and mango fruits are harvested once in a second year and a fourth year respectively. The'four-year-two-cropping 'cultivation mode of the late-maturing mangoes at the high altitude of 1500-1800 m has the advantages in the commodity fruit rate and price, standardized production can be achieved, management is convenient, and orchard operation is convenient; the problem that late-maturing mangoes are planted in the Jinsha river dry-hot valley area with the high altitude of 1500-1800 m in a one-year-one-maturing mode can be effectively solved, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit planting and cultivation, and particularly relates to a four-year two-ripening cultivation mode for late-ripening mangoes. Background Art

[0002] Panzhihua is located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan in the Panxi Great Rift Valley. There are mountains crisscrossing the territory, with the terrain high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The altitude difference is extremely large, generally with a relative height difference of 1,500 to 2,000 meters. Due to the unique geographical location of Panzhihua City, a unique island-like three-dimensional climate with the southern subtropical as the base has been formed. The growth environment of mangoes is related to the altitude. Generally, it is suitable to be planted in areas with an altitude of 300 to 1,500 meters. Too high or too low altitude will affect the growth and development of mangoes. Mango is one of the characteristic tropical fruits of Panzhihua City. The planting area of ​​mangoes in the city has increased year by year. Based on the unique geographical and climatic conditions of Panzhihua City, the planting sites of mangoes in Panzhihua City are distributed in areas with an altitude of 900 to 1,800 meters, which is higher than the altitude of mango planting in other regions.

[0003] The current mango cultivation model is "one harvest per year". In the Jinsha River dry and hot valley below 1,500 meters above sea level, the soil types are diverse and rich in mineral elements. The Jinsha River and Yalong River provide convenient irrigation conditions for mango planting. The "one harvest per year" cultivation model is adopted to plant late-ripening mangoes in the Jinsha River dry and hot valley below 1,500 meters above sea level. It has the characteristics of high yield and good fruit quality, market advantages and good economic value. In the Jinsha River dry and hot valley area at an altitude of 1,500 to 1,800 meters, compared with the low-altitude valley area below 1,500 meters, the average annual temperature is mild and the annual accumulated temperature is low. Due to the relative lack of heat in this area, mangoes will sprout slowly, the growth of branches and tips is small, and the nutrient growth of mango trees is small. The "one harvest per year" cultivation model for late-ripening mangoes cannot guarantee high-quality output. At the same time, due to low yield and poor fruit quality, mangoes produced at an altitude of 1,500 to 1,800 meters do not have market advantages and cannot bring high economic value.

[0004] In the dry and hot river valley area of ​​the Jinsha River below 1500m above sea level, the temperature rises quickly in early spring, but the temperature is unstable. Mangoes are easily damaged by cold during this period, causing flowers and fruits to fall off. At the same time, due to the pruning of late-ripening mangoes after fruit picking, it will be difficult to bear fruit the following year. Therefore, the existing late-ripening mango planting adopts the "one-year-ripening" cultivation model. Generally, the flower spikes are wiped out before February 20 each year, and the rotation pruning and limited fruiting method is adopted at the same time. The branches and shoots cut short in the current year are cultivated as autumn shoots, which are used as fruiting branches in the second year, so as to achieve high and stable yields year after year, delay the flowering period of Kate Mang, avoid unfavorable climate during the flowering period, and increase the fruit setting rate, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform flowering, concentrated maturity, and delayed maturity. The rotation pruning can be carried out twice, after fruit picking and in summer. After fruit picking, the branches that have not borne fruit are mainly pruned, mainly with retraction pruning; summer pruning is mainly to adjust the fruiting branches, and limited fruiting is implemented for late-ripening mangoes. The appropriate amount of pruning is 30% of the total branches. The pruning period is after the second physiological fruit drop (early May). The pruning method is to shorten the non-flowering branches and branches that have bloomed but not yet set fruit after pruning after fruit picking. For trees with too many fruits, some fruiting branches can be appropriately thinned out. However, the "one crop per year" cultivation model will lead to overlapping phenological periods, which is manifested as multiple phenological periods appearing on the same tree in the same period, such as the emergence of new shoots and fruit growth periods on the same tree, and the competition between vegetative growth and reproductive growth at the same time. In terms of nutritional supplementation, it is impossible to take into account the germination of axillary buds, the development of young leaves, the elongation of branches and the expansion of fruits at the same time, which is not convenient for precise fertilization management. Due to improper fertilization, physiological diseases such as "sugar heart", "black heart" and "fetal buds" of fruits often occur; in terms of pest and disease control, it is easy to cause pesticide damage due to improper spraying, and increase the cost of pesticides.

[0005] In the dry and hot valley area of ​​Jinsha River below 1500m above sea level, the economic benefits brought by the "one-ripen-a-year" cultivation mode are far higher than the input cost, so the problems of phenological overlap and high cost of pest and disease control brought by the "one-ripen-a-year" cultivation mode can be ignored. However, in the dry and hot valley area of ​​Jinsha River at an altitude of 1500-1800m, the "one-ripen-a-year" cultivation mode for planting mangoes not only has the problems of phenological overlap and high cost of pest and disease control, but also has the problem of mango tree growth caused by the temperature characteristics of high altitude areas. The economic benefits obtained by fruit farmers in the dry and hot valley area of ​​Jinsha River at an altitude of 1500-1800m using the "one-ripen-a-year" cultivation mode for planting mangoes are low, and the input and output are not proportional. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new late-ripening mango cultivation mode suitable for the dry and hot valley area of ​​Jinsha River at an altitude of 1500-1800m, and solve the problem of late-ripening mango planting in the dry and hot valley area of ​​Jinsha River at an altitude of 1500-1800m. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing cultivation mode of "one ripening per year" for late-ripening mangoes is not suitable for the dry-hot river valley area of ​​Jinsha River at a high altitude of 1500-1800m.

[0007] In order to achieve the above application purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0008] The late-ripening mango two-ripening cultivation mode of four years adopts the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode to plant late-ripening mangoes; the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode is: in every four years, intensively cultivate strong fruit-bearing mother branches in the first year and the third year respectively, and harvest mango fruits once in the second year and the fourth year respectively.

[0009] The above-mentioned "two crops in four years" cultivation mode specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] S1 The first year: Within 10 to 15 days before and after the Lunar New Year, the dense buds on the primary or secondary secondary main branches of the high-yield trees that produced fruit in the previous year are heavily pruned. After the new buds grow to the second buds and mature, the remaining branches are determined and cultivated as the mother branches for the second year of fruiting;

[0011] S2: 5-10 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune the top of the fruiting mother branch at the slightly sparse buds, cut off the first positive flowers, and cultivate secondary flowers;

[0012] S3: Prune the fruiting mother branches within 5-15 days before and after the Lunar New Year. Prune the fruiting branches in the upper and middle outer parts at the sparse buds above the first dense buds. Prune the fruiting branches in the middle inner hall at the sparse buds above the second buds. After pruning, the new buds grow to the second buds and mature, and then keep the branches and cultivate them as the fruiting mother branches in the fourth year.

[0013] S4 Fourth Year: Within 5 to 10 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune the fruiting mother branches at the slightly dense buds on the top, cut off the first batch of positive flowers, and cultivate secondary flowers. The cultivation techniques for the following year are the same as the first year.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned "two crops in four years" cultivation mode, in step S1 or S3, the cross section of the pruning wound is evenly coated with wound smear, and the trunk and main branches are evenly whitened with whitening agent.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned "two crops in four years" cultivation mode, in step S1 or S3, after pruning, a compound fertilizer with a balanced content of N, P and K is used to fertilize and irrigate once in time.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned "two crops in four years" cultivation mode, in step S1 or S3, the number and direction of the branches to be retained are set according to the actual situation to ensure good ventilation and light transmission.

[0017] Furthermore, three branches with staggered positions and evenly distributed angles should be selected later without any pruning. The three branches should be cultivated to promote their lengthening and thickening growth. Each branch will produce 3 to 5 shoots per year and will be cultivated to become the fruit-bearing mother branches for the next year.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S1, the length of the top of the bush is 1.2 to 1.4 m; in step S3, the length of the top of the bush is 1.0 to 1.4 m.

[0019] Furthermore, after the upright fruiting mother branches stop growing in autumn, their angle with the main trunk should be corrected to 45°~60°; if the fruiting mother branches are too long, they should be fixed by erecting columns and frames before the flowering period.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned "two harvests in four years" cultivation mode, in step S2 or S4, defective fruits such as diseased and insect-infested fruits and deformed fruits are removed after fruit setting, and there is no limit on the amount of fruit set, and no pruning is performed after the fruits are harvested in autumn and winter.

[0021] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned "two crops in four years" cultivation mode, in step S4, organic fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure is applied in time after the fruits are harvested, and macro-element fertilizer and medium- and trace-element fertilizer are applied topdressing, with 30-40 kg applied per plant.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The present invention particularly proposes a shaping and pruning technology, and develops a four-year two-ripening cultivation mode of late-ripening mangoes suitable for the Jinsha River dry-hot valley area with a high altitude of 1500-1800m, which has the following advantages:

[0023] First, it can maintain a good tree structure. Heavy pruning is not only conducive to controlling tree height and maintaining a good tree structure, but also conducive to bolting, ventilation, light transmission, good air permeability, and uniform light exposure, thereby improving fruit quality and increasing the fruit setting rate in the second year; it can also thin out perennial fruiting branches to prevent perennial branches from flowering and bearing fruit, causing the fruit to mature early and lose the price advantage of late maturity.

[0024] Secondly, it can centralize and unify the phenological period of mango trees, avoid overlapping phenological periods, and facilitate cultivation and management. Pruning perennial fruiting branches and maintaining and cultivating new shoots can avoid competition for nutrients among young leaves, new shoots and fruits at the same time. Sprouting and growing shoots can be done simultaneously. New shoots and fruiting mother branches can be cultivated centrally. The branches and shoots grow neatly, which is conducive to unifying the phenological period and facilitating fertilization management and the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

[0025] Third, it can achieve the goal of cost saving and efficiency improvement. In this mode, the trees are ventilated and light-permeable, which can effectively avoid the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases, reduce the frequency and amount of pesticide application, and achieve the goal of cost saving and efficiency improvement.

[0026] The four-year two-ripening cultivation mode of late-ripening mangoes of the present invention has advantages in both commercial fruit rate and price, can be standardized for production, is easy to manage, and is convenient for orchard operations; it can effectively solve the problems caused by adopting the "one-ripening-a-year" cultivation mode for planting late-ripening mangoes in the dry and hot river valley area of ​​the Jinsha River at a high altitude of 1500-1800m, and overcome the defects of the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the first year of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation model;

[0028] Figure 2 The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the second year of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation model;

[0029] Figure 3 The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the third year of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation model;

[0030] Figure 4 The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the fourth year of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation model;

[0031] Figure 5 The mango tree cultivation process and situation every year in the "one crop per year" cultivation model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the implementation methods. Unless otherwise defined, all scientific and technological terms used herein have the same meanings as understood by ordinary technicians in the field.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode of late-ripening mangoes at a high altitude of 1500-1800 m is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Key points of cultivation technology in the first year:

[0035] Within 10 to 15 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the high-yield trees that bore fruit in the previous year should be pruned heavily, with heavy pruning at the dense buds on the first or second secondary main branches; the cross-section of the pruning wound should be evenly coated with wound smear to prevent sun exposure and infection by pathogens, and the trunk and main branches should be evenly whitewashed with whitening agent to prevent sunburn; after the heavy pruning, it is necessary to fertilize and water in time to facilitate germination and shoot development, a compound fertilizer with a balanced N, P and K content can be used, and the rest should be the same as the fruiting year, with routine management.

[0036] After heavy pruning, the new buds grow to the second shoot and mature before branching. The purpose of retaining more branches in the early stage is to shade the trunk and avoid cracking due to strong sunlight exposure. For branching, select three branches in different directions without any pruning to promote their lengthening and thickening. Each branch usually produces 3 to 5 shoots per year, with a length of 1.2 to 1.4 meters, which serve as the fruiting mother branches in the second year. After the upright fruiting mother branches stop growing in autumn, the angle with the main trunk must be corrected to a value between 45° and 60°. If the fruiting mother branches are too long, the columns and frames must be built before the flowering period to fix the fruiting mother branches.

[0037] (2) Key points of cultivation technology in the second year:

[0038] Within 5 to 10 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the fruiting mother branches are pruned back at the sparse buds on the top, the first batch of flowers are cut off, and the secondary flowers are cultivated. After the fruit is set, only diseased, insect-infested, deformed and other defective fruits are removed. There is no limit on the amount of fruit set. The fruit ripening period is from mid-November to late December. No pruning is done after harvesting in autumn and winter.

[0039] (3) Key points of cultivation technology in the third year:

[0040] Within 5 to 15 days after the Chinese New Year, the fruiting branches should be pruned back. The middle and upper outer fruiting branches should be pruned back at the sparse buds above the dense buds on the first shoot, and the middle inner branches should be pruned back at the sparse buds above the second shoot. Apply wound smear evenly on the pruned wounds to prevent sun exposure and bacterial infection. Fertilize and water once in time after pruning to facilitate germination and shoot growth. Use a balanced compound fertilizer with N, P and K.

[0041] After heavy pruning, the new buds grow to the second mature shoots before branching. The purpose of retaining more branches in the early stage is to shade the trunk and avoid cracking due to strong sunlight exposure. For branching, three branches in different directions are selected without any pruning to promote their lengthening and thickening growth. Each branch usually produces 3 to 5 shoots per year, with a length of 1.0 to 1.4 meters, and is cultivated into the fruiting mother branch in the fourth year.

[0042] (4) Key points of cultivation techniques in the fourth year:

[0043] Within 5 to 10 days before and after the Chinese New Year, the fruiting mother branches are pruned back at the dense buds on the top, the first batch of flowers are cut off, and the secondary flowers are cultivated. After the fruit is set, only diseased, insect-infested, deformed and other defective fruits are removed. There is no limit on the amount of fruit set. The fruit ripening period is from mid-November to late December. No pruning is done after harvesting in autumn and winter.

[0044] After harvesting, apply organic fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure, 30-40 kg per plant, to promote the recovery of tree vigor as soon as possible. The key points of cultivation technology in the following year are the same as in the first year. The fourth year is the year of maximum yield. After a large number of fruits, the tree loses too much nutrients. After heavy pruning, the tree vigor is further weakened. It is necessary to replenish nutrients in time, apply organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, and apply macronutrient fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer to achieve the purpose of recovering tree vigor as soon as possible.

[0045] Specific examples will be listed below to explain the scheme of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product instructions are used. Reagents or instruments used that do not indicate manufacturers are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0046] Example

[0047] The present invention selected a site in the Jinsha River dry-hot valley area at an altitude of 1500-1800m, and implemented the "one-year-ripening" and "two-year-ripening" late-ripening mango cultivation modes, respectively, and compared the important phenological periods, cost inputs, and output benefits of the two cultivation modes. The specific test process is as follows:

[0048] 1. Test location and time

[0049] The test site: a certain mango orchard in Wuben Township, Renhe District, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province (longitude 101°73′, latitude 26°68′); terrain: sloping land, altitude 1726.3m; soil type: sandy loam; the cultivation modes are "one crop per year" and "two crops per four years", and the "one crop per year" cultivation mode is hereinafter referred to as the control.

[0050] Experimental period: 2016-2024. In 2016, the 4-year-old rootstock variety Myanmar No. 8 mango was planted, with a plant spacing of 3m×3m, 74 plants per mu, and grafted in the spring of 2017. The grafted variety is Kate, and it will start to produce high and stable yields in 2020.

[0051] 2. Input cost project accounting

[0052] (1) Water and electricity charges are 0.5 yuan / kWh;

[0053] (2) Fertilization is mainly based on heavy application of organic fertilizer after fruit harvesting, at 1,200 yuan / ton;

[0054] (3) Paper bag: 0.15 yuan / piece:

[0055] In the "one crop per year" cultivation model, the fruit is bagged once a year, and the bagging material is a white double-layer bag;

[0056] In the "four-year two-harvest" cultivation mode, the fruit is bagged twice in each harvest year (the second and fourth years of four years), once in the young fruit stage, using a double-layer composite bag with a yellow outer layer and a black inner layer, and once in late September, when the double-layer composite bag with a yellow outer layer and a black inner layer is removed and replaced with a white double-layer bag;

[0057] (4) Spraying pesticides: 70 yuan / time / mu:

[0058] The "four-year two-crop" cultivation model sprays pesticides 7 times per year;

[0059] The "one crop per year" cultivation model increases the number of pesticide sprayings due to the overlapping of phenological periods, with 14 sprayings per year;

[0060] (5) Labor costs are RMB 0.4 / kg for temporary laborers picking and transporting mangoes. Other farming operations are not included in the costs.

[0061] 3. Actual planting situation

[0062] (1) "Two harvests in four years" cultivation mode: The late-ripening mango "two harvests in four years" cultivation mode described in the specific implementation method of the present invention is implemented.

[0063] The first year of mango tree cultivation process and situation (high-yield tree heavy pruning) Figure 1 As shown, (A) is a high-yield tree that produced fruit in the previous year and was subjected to heavy pruning, (B) is budding after heavy pruning, and (C) is the cultivation of new shoots and fruiting mother branches.

[0064] The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the second year (flowering, trial flowering and fruiting) Figure 2 As shown, (A) is the erasure of the first batch of inflorescences, (B) is the germination of the secondary inflorescence, and (C) is the secondary flowering and fruiting.

[0065] The cultivation process and situation of mango trees in the third year (shaping, pruning, and cultivating autumn shoots) Figure 3 As shown, (A) is the pruning of the fruiting branches, (B) is the new shoots that sprouted again after pruning, and (C) is the autumn shoots formed by cultivation, which are the fruiting mother branches in the fourth year.

[0066] The process and situation of mango tree cultivation in the fourth year (maximum yield year, unlimited fruiting) Figure 4 As shown, (A) is the yellow double-layer bag replaced with a white double-layer bag in late September, and the fruit is yellow; (B) is the record of the Kate mango fruit coloring red and bright skin after the bag was replaced in late October; (C) is the fruit-bearing period without retaining reserve branches and rotation branches, and the whole tree bears unlimited fruit.

[0067] (2) "One-year-ripening" cultivation mode: The "one-year-ripening" cultivation mode of late-ripening mangoes described in the background technology of the present invention is implemented.

[0068] The mango tree cultivation process and conditions each year (rotational fruit pruning, new shoot cultivation, fruit maintenance) are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, (A) is the rotation fruiting; (B) is the young leaves, new shoots and fruits growing simultaneously; (C) is the fruiting mother branches (autumn shoots) that have been cultivated during the fruit harvest period.

[0069] 4. Comparison of two cultivation modes

[0070] (1) Comparison of important phenological periods of the two cultivation modes. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1 Important phenological periods

[0072]

[0073] As shown in Table 1, both the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode and the control need to erase the first batch of inflorescences to promote the germination of secondary flowers. Compared with the control, the fruit picking period of the "four-year two-crop" cultivation mode is delayed by 35 to 40 days.

[0074] (2) Comparison of input costs and outputs of the two cultivation modes from 2021 to 2024. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0075] Table 2 Input costs

[0076]

[0077] From Table 2, it can be seen that the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode in 2021 has 83.4% less input than the control; the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode in 2022 has 5.7% more input than the control; the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode in 2023 has 35.0% less input than the control; the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode in 2024 has 11.0% more input than the control. In general, the input cost of the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode is significantly lower than that of the "one-year one-cropping" cultivation mode.

[0078] Table 3 Output

[0079]

[0080] From Table 3, we can see that in 2021, the inferior fruit rate of the control was 17.4%. In 2022, the fruit sales unit price of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 215.3% higher than that of the control; the per-acre yield of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 28.5% lower than that of the control; the inferior fruit rate of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 5.3%, and the inferior fruit rate of the control was 14.2%; the output value of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 148.9% higher than that of the control. In 2023, the inferior fruit rate of the control was 10.5%. In 2024, the fruit sales unit price of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 144.0% higher than that of the control; the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode increased production by 16.9% compared with the control; the inferior fruit rate of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 4.4%, and the inferior fruit rate of the control was 21.3%; the output value of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode was 246.5% higher than that of the control. In general, the "two crops in four years" cultivation model has significantly increased the total output and output value in four years compared to the "one crop in one year" cultivation model.

[0081] (3) Comparison of the net income and economic value of the two cultivation modes from 2021 to 2024. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0082] Table 4 Net income

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] It can be seen from Table 4 that in the four-year cultivation experiment from 2021 to 2024, the total output of the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation mode was 4691.6 kg, the total output value was 61,869.0 yuan, the input cost was 23,286.6 yuan, and the net income was 38,582.4 yuan; the total output of the control was 9,534.1 kg, the total output value was 45,274.1 yuan, the input cost was 27,213.2 yuan, and the net income was 18,060.9 yuan.

[0086] Table 5 Economic value

[0087]

[0088] From Table 5, we can see that in the four consecutive years from 2021 to 2024, the average sales price of mangoes in the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode is 14.65 yuan / kg, while that in the control mode is 5.68 yuan / kg, which is 157.9% higher than that in the control mode. The total output of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode is 4691.6 kg, while that in the control mode is 9534.1 kg. Compared with the control mode, the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode has a production reduction of 50.8%. The total output value of the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode is 6 The total output value of the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation model was 1,869.0 yuan, while that of the control was 45,274.1 yuan. Compared with the control, the total input was reduced by 14.4%; the net income of the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation model in four years was 38,582.4 yuan, while that of the control was 18,060.9 yuan. The net income of the "four-year two-cropping" cultivation model increased by 113.6% compared with the control.

[0089] In summary, the "four-year two-ripening" cultivation mode of the present invention is used to plant late-ripening mangoes in the Jinsha River dry-hot valley area at a high altitude of 1500-1800m, which can not only solve the problems of overlapping phenological zones, improper fertilization, and difficulty and high cost in pest control caused by the "one-year one-ripening" cultivation mode; it can also solve the problems of insufficient relative heat in areas at a high altitude of 1500-1800m, small nutrient growth of mango trees, small output, poor quality, and low profit. The technical solution of the present invention has broad application prospects, high economic benefits, and is worthy of promotion and application.

Claims

1. The cultivation mode of late-ripening mangoes with two ripenings in four years is characterized by: The late-ripening mangoes are planted in a "four-year two-ripen" cultivation mode, which is: in every four years, strong fruit-bearing mother branches are cultivated in the first and third years, and mango fruits are harvested in the second and fourth years.

2. The late-ripening mango four-year double-ripening cultivation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1 The first year: Within 10 to 15 days before and after the Lunar New Year, the dense buds on the primary or secondary secondary main branches of the high-yield trees that produced fruit in the previous year are heavily pruned. After the new buds grow to the second buds and mature, the remaining branches are determined and cultivated as the mother branches for the second year of fruiting; S2: 5-10 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune the top of the fruiting mother branch at the slightly sparse buds, cut off the first positive flowers, and cultivate secondary flowers; S3: Prune the fruiting mother branches within 5-15 days before and after the Lunar New Year. Prune the fruiting branches in the upper and middle outer parts at the sparse buds above the first dense buds. Prune the fruiting branches in the middle inner hall at the sparse buds above the second buds. After pruning, the new buds grow to the second buds and mature, and then keep the branches and cultivate them as the fruiting mother branches in the fourth year. S4 Fourth Year: Within 5 to 10 days before and after the Lunar New Year, prune the fruiting mother branches at the slightly dense buds on the top, cut off the first batch of positive flowers, and cultivate secondary flowers. The cultivation techniques for the following year are the same as the first year.

3. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, the cross section of the pruning wound is evenly coated with wound smear, and the trunk and main branches are evenly whitened with whitening agent.

4. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, after pruning, a compound fertilizer with a balanced content of N, P and K is used to fertilize and irrigate once in time.

5. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S1 or S3, the number and direction of the branches to be retained are set according to the actual situation to ensure good ventilation and light transmission.

6. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 5, characterized in that: Later, select three branches with staggered positions and evenly distributed angles, without any pruning, and cultivate the three branches to encourage them to grow longer and thicker. Each branch will produce 3 to 5 shoots per year, which will be cultivated into the fruiting mother branches for the next year.

7. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step S1, the length of the top of the bush is 1.2 to 1.4 m; in step S3, the length of the top of the bush is 1.0 to 1.4 m.

8. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the upright fruiting branches stop growing in autumn, correct their angle with the main trunk to 45°~60°; if the fruiting branches are too long, fix them with pillars and frames before the flowering period.

9. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2 or S4, after the fruit is set, defective fruits such as diseased and insect-infested fruits, deformed fruits, etc. are removed, and the fruit is not limited in quantity, and no pruning is performed after the fruit is harvested in autumn and winter.

10. The late-ripening mango two-ripening-in-four-years cultivation mode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, organic fertilizer or well-rotted farmyard manure is applied in time after the fruits are harvested, and macronutrient fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer are applied, with 30-40 kg per plant.

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