Greenhouse continuous cropping cultivation method for muskmelons

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of muskmelon planting, and particularly discloses a muskmelon greenhouse continuous cropping cultivation method which comprises the following steps: step 1, field and soil treatment, step 2, seedling raising, step 3, field planting, step 4, seedling stage management, step 5, branch pruning and vine arrangement in a plant growth period, step 6, flowering stage management, step 7, fruit thinning and fruit setting, step 8, fruit swelling stage management and step 9, pest control. And step 10, maturing and harvesting. The method has the beneficial effects that through soil salinity control and a unique branch pruning and vine arranging technology, fruit branches are reasonably selected and reserved to guarantee fruit development, core picking is carried out to control the plant growth height and nutrient distribution, reasonable fruit thinning and fixing are carried out, and the moisture demand relation between root systems and fruits is balanced, so that the quality of the muskmelons is kept, the yield of continuous planting of the muskmelons is guaranteed, and the yield of the muskmelons is increased. And the problem of income reduction caused by crop rotation is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of melon planting, and in particular to a method for continuous melon cultivation in a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] In the field of melon cultivation, greenhouse cultivation is a common method that can control environmental conditions and improve yield and quality. However, due to limited greenhouse land resources, continuous cropping of melons is relatively common. Continuous cropping leads to changes in the soil environment, such as accumulation of pathogens, increased soil salinity, deterioration of soil structure, imbalance of nutrient elements, etc.; at the same time, continuous cropping may also lead to aggravation of pests and diseases, poor plant growth, reduced yield, and deterioration of quality. These problems are particularly prominent in continuous greenhouse cropping of melons, which seriously affects the production efficiency of melons. However, if the method of replacing the planting soil is adopted, the planting cost will increase; grafting melons onto other rootstocks by grafting will lead to a decrease in the quality of melons; if chemical agents are used to treat the soil or plants, the effect is not ideal and it is easy to cause soil pollution. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention proposes a method for continuously growing melons in a greenhouse in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0005] A method for growing muskmelon in a greenhouse, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, farmland and soil treatment: clean up dead branches and rotten fruits, plow the roots and stems of the previous melon crop to the soil surface by tilling, open the greenhouse film to expose to wind, sun and rain for 2-3 months, then apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, mechanically plow the land again to break the soil into small particles, prepare the land and make ridges 15-20 days before planting to ensure that the ridge surface is flat;

[0007] Step 2, seedling cultivation: Select disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, and commercially viable varieties for seedling cultivation, control the germination temperature during seedling cultivation at 30-32°C, harden the seedlings one week before planting, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and appropriately reduce the temperature;

[0008] Step 3, transplanting: Choose a time when the temperature is above 15℃ and the weather is sunny for transplanting. Use vertical frame cultivation to plant 1,200 plants per mu, use creeping cultivation to plant 550 plants per mu, plant spacing is 40-50cm, and the seedling age should be 2-3 true leaves. Water thoroughly before transplanting, and then water thoroughly after transplanting to allow the roots to take root. Then build a shed film to cover and keep warm for 5-7 days.

[0009] Step 4, management during the seedling stage: after 80% of the seedlings have grown 5 true leaves, real-time seedling management is carried out to inhibit the growth of the seedlings. The main core branches of the seedlings are used as the direct main vines, and then the side vines grow from the axils of the 1st to 3rd true leaves of this main vine as the sub-vines. Each plant retains 2 strong sub-vines, and the excess sub-vines are removed in time;

[0010] Step 5, pruning and vine arrangement during the plant growth period: pruning is carried out when the main vine and the sub-vine are more than 30cm long and have 7-8 true leaves, and all the side branches on the two sub-vines are completely removed. 28 days after planting, when the main vine has more than 15 true leaves, select the side branches with thick and healthy branches at a distance of 60-80cm from the root as fruit branches, and then start to pull the melon vines, straighten the melon seedlings, remove the fruit branches without ovaries or deformed ovaries, and remove the tops of the fruit branches;

[0011] Step 6, flowering management: pollination is carried out at room temperature of 25-32°C. Male flowers are picked from 8:00 to 10:00 a.m., petals are removed, and male pollen is gently applied to the stigma of the male flowers to complete the pollination work. The pollination time is recorded;

[0012] Step 7, Fruit thinning and fruit determination: When the young fruit grows to 40cm in size, thin out and determine the fruit. Select the fruit with a regular shape and tender green skin as the target fruit. Remove the deformed fruit, dead fruit, and young fruit within 60cm of the root to achieve one fruit per vine.

[0013] Step 8, Management during the fruit expansion period: After the fruits and vegetables are harvested, irrigate the bed at least 5 times a day to ensure that there is sufficient water in the bed. After 10 days of flowering, when the flowers turn grayish white, reduce the number of irrigations and ventilate at the same time. After 18-20 days of flowering, gradually increase the greenhouse temperature to keep it at 28℃-30℃, with a temperature difference of no more than 8℃ between day and night. After 25-30 days of flowering, reduce the amount of irrigation and ventilate.

[0014] Step 9, pest control: Use 50% water dispersible granules of azoxystrobin, 13g / mu for spraying to prevent powdery mildew, and 50% pymetrozine, 12g / mu for controlling aphids. At the same time, keep the greenhouse hot and stuffy for 2 hours every month in summer when the weather is clear;

[0015] Step 10, maturity and harvesting: 30-40 days after pollination, the leaves on the fruit branches begin to turn yellow. The sugar content of the fruit is measured 3 days before harvest. Harvesting begins when the sugar content of the fruit reaches 13-15 degrees. During the harvesting period, ensure that the greenhouse is well ventilated.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 1, the furrow width is 2-2.5 meters, the furrow width is 0.3 meters, and the furrow depth is 0.2 meters.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 4, when removing the vines, a sunny day with low air humidity is selected for the operation.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 5, 2-3 fruit branches are retained and arranged in a "<" shape.

[0019] Furthermore, 30 days after planting in step 5, when the plant length reaches 1 m and there are 17-18 unfolded leaves, the fruit branches are pinched, and the pinching length is 0.5-1 cm.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 8, the state of the fruits is observed during irrigation, and the fruits located in low-lying areas are moved to high areas.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by controlling soil salinity and unique pruning and vine management technology, fruit branches are reasonably selected to ensure fruit development, core removal is performed to control plant growth height and nutrient distribution, and fruit thinning and fruit setting are performed reasonably, and the water demand relationship between the root system and the fruit is balanced, the quality of the melon is maintained, the yield of the melon in continuous planting is guaranteed, and the problem of reduced income caused by crop rotation is avoided; there is no need to change the land when planting in succession, which reduces the cost and overcomes the problem of quality reduction caused by grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A method for growing muskmelon in a greenhouse, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1, farmland and soil treatment: clean up dead branches and rotten fruits, reduce the gathering of pathogen parasitic carriers and ants, plow the roots and stems of the previous melon crop to the soil surface by tilling, inhibit the occurrence of diseases, open the greenhouse film to expose to wind, sun and rain, reduce soil salinity, continue for 2-3 months, grow weeds naturally or sow green manure plants to achieve soil ecological restoration, then apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer to supplement the lack of trace elements, mechanically plow the land again to break the soil into small particles, which can retain water and air without compaction, and improve the root development environment. Prepare the land and make ridges 15-20 days before planting to ensure that the ridge surface is flat;

[0025] The salt seeps out through the sun and rain, reducing the habitat of pathogens and pests; tilling and sun exposure inhibit diseases; leaving land fallow and planting green manure plants improve soil structure and fertility; reasonable fertilization provides nutrients; mechanical tillage optimizes soil aggregate structure; and land preparation and ridge making provide suitable land conditions for planting;

[0026] Step 2, seedling raising: select disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, and commercial varieties for seedling raising, such as "Yugu", "Oriental Honey No. 1", "Cui Mi", etc., select vegetable fields with sufficient light, fertile soil, good drainage, and non-eggplant and melon crops as seedbeds, prepare decomposed bed soil and disinfect it, sow one seed in each pot, cover the seeds with non-toxic nutrient soil, cover the seeds with a thickness of 1 cm, cover the ground film to keep warm and moisturize, control the germination temperature during seedling raising at 30-32℃, gradually reduce the temperature to about 28℃ after the bud top emerges from the surface, and remove the ground film in time when the seedlings emerge from the ground, maintain the greenhouse temperature at 25-28℃ during the day, and the temperature at night cannot be lower than 15℃, ensure the ground temperature of 25℃ before half of the true leaves are unfolded, and ensure 20-22℃ when the true leaves are unfolded 1.5-2 pieces, and carry out transplanting and loosening; water appropriately, and the humidity can be about 70%, and harden the seedlings one week before transplanting, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and appropriately cool down;

[0027] Suitable varieties have excellent characteristics such as disease resistance, reasonable sowing amount ensures the number of seedlings, suitable seedbed conditions are conducive to seed germination and seedling growth, and scientific ground temperature and water management ensure the healthy growth of seedlings;

[0028] Step 3, transplanting: Choose a time when the temperature is above 15℃ and the weather is sunny for transplanting. Use vertical frame cultivation to plant 1,200 plants per mu, use creeping cultivation to plant 550 plants per mu, plant spacing is 40-50cm, and the seedling age should be 2-3 true leaves. Water thoroughly before transplanting, and then water thoroughly after transplanting to allow the roots to take root. Then build a shed film to cover and keep warm for 5-7 days.

[0029] The small arch shed should be well sealed to slow down the evaporation of water from the leaves of the newly planted melon seedlings, and make it difficult for heat to escape, thus ensuring a high temperature and high humidity microenvironment in the melon seedling planting area and promoting the development of new roots; the drip-free film can prevent small water droplets from condensing on the film and scalding the seedlings during the noon period; the air humidity is uniform with fast warming, and the reasonable number of plants and spacing between plants ensure the growth space for the plants. The appropriate ground temperature, weather and seedling age conditions are conducive to the survival and growth of the plants after planting; watering the bottom of the plant and rooting water provide moisture, and the small arch shed and drip-free film create a good microenvironment;

[0030] Step 4, management during the seedling stage: after 80% of the seedlings have grown 5 true leaves, they should be managed by squatting in real time to inhibit the growth of seedlings and promote the differentiation of flower buds. Through ventilation and cooling, the surface soil begins to dry, which promotes the root system to grow deep into the soil and avoids salt damage on the surface of the soil. Then the main core branch of the seedling is used as the direct main vine, and then the side vines grow in the axils of the 1st to 3rd true leaves of this main vine as the sub-vines. Each plant retains 2 strong sub-vines, and the excess sub-vines are removed in time to reduce the base number of wounds at the root diameter. The leaves are small and few, the ventilation is good, and the sunlight is direct, and the probability of infection is reduced;

[0031] Failure to transplant seedlings in time will lead to leggy seedlings, incomplete differentiation of flower buds, winged female flowers, and difficulty in fruiting; Failure to transplant seedlings in time can also easily cause a large proportion of the root system on the surface of the soil layer, and the melon seedlings are prone to premature aging during the maturity period; the root diameter of melons is prone to vine blight and frequent events. The technical requirements for pruning include operating on sunny days after the dew on the leaves has dried, and not operating on rainy days because they are prone to rot; the branches should be within 5 cm, the incision should be small, and the wound infection should be less; the branches should be placed outside the field to avoid secondary infection; after pruning, the greenhouse should be properly ventilated to reduce air humidity, and fungicides such as chlorothalonil should be used for treatment, and the temperature should be maintained at 15℃-25℃. Transplanting seedlings can control environmental conditions to promote root growth, and the main vine selection and management can reduce wounds and diseases. Precautions are to ensure the correctness of the operation and the health of the plants;

[0032] Step 5, pruning and vine arrangement during the plant growth period: about 15 days after planting, pruning is carried out when the main vine and the sub-vine are more than 30cm long and have 7-8 true leaves, and all the side branches on the two sub-vines are completely removed. 28 days after planting, when the main vine has more than 15 true leaves, select strong and healthy side branches at a distance of 60-80cm from the root as fruit branches, leaving 2-3 branches, arranged in a "<" shape, and then start pulling the vines, straightening the melon seedlings, and removing the fruit branches without ovaries or deformed ovaries. If the plant is weak in growth, the fruit branches can be left later, and the tops of the fruit branches are removed to achieve nutrient reflux and help the ovary to develop and expand;

[0033] Pruning and vine management adjust the growth potential of the plant, rationally selecting fruit branches to ensure fruit development, and pinching to control plant growth height and nutrient distribution;

[0034] Step 6, flowering management: pollination is carried out at room temperature of 25-32°C. The best activity time of pollen is about 2 hours. Pick male flowers from 8 to 10 am, remove petals, and gently smear male pollen on the stigma of male flowers to complete pollination. Apply 1 to 2 female flowers to each male flower, and record the pollination time;

[0035] Control humidity to ensure pollen vitality, correct pollination method to ensure fruit setting rate, precautions are to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of pollination;

[0036] Step 7, Fruit thinning and fruit determination: When the young fruit grows to 40cm in size, thin out and determine the fruit. Select the fruit with a regular shape and tender green skin as the target fruit. Remove the deformed fruit, dead fruit, and young fruit within 60cm of the root to achieve one fruit per vine.

[0037] If some plants stagnate after fruit setting, some fruits should be unloaded immediately to reduce the pressure on the root system and leaves and maintain normal growth of the plants. Thinning and setting fruits can balance the relationship between root water supply and water demand during the fruit expansion period. Reducing the number of fruits means reducing the water absorption pressure of the root system. If dead plants occur, copper sulfate, quicklime and other treatments should be used in time to prevent the occurrence and spread of vine blight, blight and wilt. The thinned young fruits should be placed outside the field and piled together to avoid secondary infection. Plant protection should be avoided during the young fruit stage to prevent the young fruit skin from being irritated and injured. If plant protection is necessary, the agent should be atomized as much as possible, and it is best to avoid young fruits. Vines should not be turned over too much during the young fruit stage, otherwise the fruits are prone to fall or deformed fruits are caused. After the skin is damaged, mature fruits will have scars, the fruit shape will be poor, and the probability of deformed fruits and cracked fruits will increase.

[0038] Step 8, Management during the fruit expansion period: After the fruits and vegetables are harvested, irrigate the ridges at least 5 times a day to ensure that there is sufficient water in the ridges. For dry fields with poor water retention, the first irrigation can be slightly more to promote the development of fertility. After 10 days of flowering, when the flowers turn grayish white, the irrigation frequency should be reduced, and ventilation should be carried out at the same time. After 18-20 days of flowering, in order to promote the softening of the fruits, the greenhouse temperature should be gradually increased to keep it at 28℃-30℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should not exceed 8℃. After 25-30 days of flowering, the irrigation amount should be reduced and ventilation should be carried out;

[0039] Reasonable water and temperature management ensures normal fruit development and avoids adverse effects on fruit development;

[0040] Step 9, pest control: Use 50% water dispersible granules of azoxystrobin, 13g / mu for spraying to prevent powdery mildew, and 50% pymetrozine, 12g / mu for controlling aphids. At the same time, keep the greenhouse sealed for 2 hours at high temperature every month in summer when the weather is fine; control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases from the source;

[0041] Step 10, maturity and harvesting: 30-40 days after pollination, the leaves on the fruit branches begin to turn yellow. The sugar content of the fruit is measured 3 days before harvest. Harvesting begins when the sugar content of the fruit reaches 13-15 degrees. During the harvesting period, ensure that the greenhouse is well ventilated and the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse is kept consistent as much as possible. Reasonable management during the harvesting period ensures fruit quality and plant health.

[0042] In this embodiment, in step 1, the width of the ridge is 2-2.5 meters, the width of the ditch is 0.3 meters, and the depth of the ditch is 0.2 meters.

[0043] In this embodiment, 30 days after planting in step 5, the plant length reaches 1m, and the fruit branches are pinched after there are 17-18 unfolded leaves. The pinching length is 0.5-1cm, and the size is appropriately increased or decreased according to the growth strength. At least 7-8 true leaves should be retained above the fruit-setting node. Pinching controls the plant growth height and nutrient distribution.

[0044] In the present embodiment, in step 8, the state of the fruit is observed during irrigation, and the fruit located in the low-lying area is moved to a high place, otherwise the fruit is prone to rot or crack.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing muskmelon in a greenhouse, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, farmland and soil treatment: clean up dead branches and rotten fruits, plow the roots and stems of the previous melon crop to the soil surface by tilling, open the greenhouse film to expose to wind, sun and rain for 2-3 months, then apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer, mechanically plow the land again to break the soil into small particles, prepare the land and make ridges 15-20 days before planting to ensure that the ridge surface is flat; Step 2, seedling cultivation: Select disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, and commercially viable varieties for seedling cultivation, control the germination temperature during seedling cultivation at 30-32°C, harden the seedlings one week before planting, and strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and appropriately reduce the temperature; Step 3, transplanting: Choose a time when the temperature is above 15℃ and the weather is sunny for transplanting. Use vertical frame cultivation to plant 1,200 plants per mu, use creeping cultivation to plant 550 plants per mu, plant spacing is 40-50cm, and the seedling age should be 2-3 true leaves. Water thoroughly before transplanting, and then water thoroughly after transplanting to allow the roots to take root. Then build a shed film to cover and keep warm for 5-7 days. Step 4, management during the seedling stage: after 80% of the seedlings have grown 5 true leaves, real-time seedling management is carried out to inhibit the growth of the seedlings. The main core branches of the seedlings are used as the direct main vines, and then the side vines grow from the axils of the 1st to 3rd true leaves of this main vine as the sub-vines. Each plant retains 2 strong sub-vines, and the excess sub-vines are removed in time; Step 5, pruning and vine arrangement during the plant growth period: pruning is carried out when the main vine and the sub-vine are more than 30cm long and have 7-8 true leaves, and all the side branches on the two sub-vines are completely removed. 28 days after planting, when the main vine has more than 15 true leaves, select the side branches with thick and healthy branches at a distance of 60-80cm from the root as fruit branches, and then start to pull the melon vines, straighten the melon seedlings, remove the fruit branches without ovaries or deformed ovaries, and remove the tops of the fruit branches; Step 6, flowering management: pollination is carried out at room temperature of 25-32°C. Male flowers are picked from 8:00 to 10:00 a.m., petals are removed, and male pollen is gently applied to the stigma of the male flowers to complete the pollination work. The pollination time is recorded; Step 7, Fruit thinning and fruit determination: When the young fruit grows to 40cm in size, thin out and determine the fruit. Select the fruit with a regular shape and tender green skin as the target fruit. Remove the deformed fruit, dead fruit, and young fruit within 60cm of the root to achieve one fruit per vine. Step 8, Management during the fruit expansion period: After the fruits and vegetables are harvested, irrigate the bed at least 5 times a day to ensure that there is sufficient water in the bed. After 10 days of flowering, when the flowers turn grayish white, reduce the number of irrigations and ventilate at the same time. After 18-20 days of flowering, gradually increase the greenhouse temperature to keep it at 28℃-30℃, with a temperature difference of no more than 8℃ between day and night. After 25-30 days of flowering, reduce the amount of irrigation and ventilate. Step 9, pest control: Use 50% water dispersible granules of azoxystrobin, 13g / mu for spraying to prevent powdery mildew, and 50% pymetrozine, 12g / mu for controlling aphids. At the same time, keep the greenhouse hot and stuffy for 2 hours every month in summer when the weather is clear; Step 10, maturity and harvesting: 30-40 days after pollination, the leaves on the fruit branches begin to turn yellow. The sugar content of the fruit is measured 3 days before harvest. Harvesting begins when the sugar content of the fruit reaches 13-15 degrees. During the harvesting period, ensure that the greenhouse is well ventilated.

2. The method for continuous melon greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the width of the furrow is 2-2.5 meters, the width of the furrow is 0.3 meters, and the depth of the furrow is 0.2 meters.

3. The method for continuous melon cultivation in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: When removing the vines in step 4, a sunny day with low air humidity is selected for the operation.

4. The method for continuous melon cultivation in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, 2-3 fruit branches are retained and arranged in a "<" shape.

5. The method for continuous melon greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: 30 days after planting in step 5, the plant reaches 1 m in length and has 17-18 unfolded leaves, and the fruit branches are pinched to a length of 0.5-1 cm.

6. The method for continuous melon greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 8, the state of the fruits is observed during irrigation, and the fruits located in low-lying areas are moved to high areas.