Flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed material under low-temperature process

Abstract

The invention provides a flexible separation and powder removal method for a battery crushed material under a low-temperature process, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out low-temperature roasting treatment on the battery crushed material to obtain a roasted material, and carrying out low-temperature roasting treatment at the temperature of 200-250 DEG C; secondly, the roasted materials are subjected to vibration winnowing treatment, and diaphragm paper, roughing black powder and metal materials are obtained after screening; then, the metal materials are subjected to Z-shaped winnowing treatment, and medium-large heavy materials and small light materials are obtained after screening; then, the small light materials are subjected to flexible powder removal treatment, and selected black powder and flaky copper-aluminum foil are obtained after screening; and finally, the flaky copper-aluminum foil is subjected to fine breaking treatment, and a spherical copper-aluminum product is obtained. The recovery method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high metal recovery rate, low recovery energy consumption, small combustion pollution, simple process flow and the like, and the recovery cost of valuable materials in the crushed battery materials is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste recycling, and in particular to a flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under a low-temperature process. Background Art

[0002] As global energy and environmental issues become increasingly severe, clean energy and sustainable development have become a global consensus. my country's new energy vehicles and power batteries have shown explosive growth. Data show that China's new energy vehicle sales will reach 9.495 million units in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 37.9%, and the penetration rate of new energy vehicles will reach 31.6%. Data from the Power Battery Application Branch show that the installed capacity of power batteries in the Chinese market will be about 396.6GWh in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 28.4%. Behind the rapid growth of new energy vehicles and batteries, the recycling of retired power batteries should attract our attention. Waste power batteries contain more than 20 complex components that are included in the scope of my country's pollutant emission control. Improper handling may lead to safety and environmental protection issues such as fire and explosion, electrolyte leakage, and organic waste gas emissions. Improper handling will cause serious pollution.

[0003] The valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, copper and aluminum in retired power batteries have great recovery value. At present, the domestic lithium battery recycling can mainly adopt dry recovery technology according to the processing process. The dry recycling process is to directly recycle materials and valuable metals without relying on chemical solutions and other media. In the pretreatment stage of lithium batteries, high-temperature pyrolysis and physical sorting methods are mainly used. The high-temperature pyrolysis method is to physically break the ion battery materials in the pretreatment stage, use high-temperature calcination decomposition, remove binders, electrolytes, diaphragms and other non-metallic materials, and then separate the metal materials and battery powder according to the physical properties of different materials such as magnetism, density, hardness and ductility through physical sorting. Although the method is simple to operate, it has a series of unavoidable disadvantages in operation as follows: First, it is not environmentally friendly. All non-metallic substances, such as organic matter and diaphragms, are burned off at high temperatures, which will produce a large amount of waste gas, which is not conducive to environmental friendliness and sustainable development; secondly, the high-temperature roasting heating temperature needs to reach about 550°, and high pyrolysis requires a large amount of heat source, which greatly increases the energy consumption cost, which is not conducive to the company's cost reduction and efficiency improvement; thirdly, the indiscriminate pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperature causes waste of resources. The diaphragm is made of PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), which can be basically recycled and reused. The diaphragm paper should be fully recycled to turn waste into treasure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible separation and de-powdering method for battery crushed materials under low temperature process, so as to solve the technical problems of high recovery energy consumption, large combustion pollution and few types of recovered valuable materials when the prior art uses high temperature pyrolysis method to recover battery crushed materials.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under low temperature process, comprising: S10, performing low-temperature roasting treatment on the crushed battery material to obtain a roasted material, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature roasting treatment is 200° C. to 250° C.; S20, vibrating and air-selecting the roasted materials to obtain diaphragm paper, coarse black powder and metal materials after screening; S30, Z-type air separation is performed on the metal materials to obtain medium-large pieces of heavy materials and small pieces of light materials after screening; S40, a flexible de-powdering treatment is performed on small pieces of light materials, and selected black powder and flaky copper and aluminum foil are obtained after screening; S50, finely breaking the sheet-like copper and aluminum foil to obtain a spherical copper and aluminum product.

[0006] Preferably, before performing step S10, the method further includes: placing the discharged batteries into a multi-shaft shredder for shredding to obtain battery shredded materials with an output particle size not exceeding 20 mm.

[0007] Preferably, in step S10: a rotary kiln is used to perform low-temperature roasting treatment on the crushed battery material, and the time of the low-temperature roasting treatment is 30 minutes to 60 minutes.

[0008] Preferably, in step S20: a vibrating air separator is used to vibrate and air separate the roasted material; wherein the particle size of the coarsely selected black powder is less than 80 mesh, and the thickness of the diaphragm paper is greater than 3 mm.

[0009] Preferably, in step S30: a Z-type air separator is used to perform Z-type air separation on the metal material; the air volume of the Z-type air separator is 3500m 3 / h~4500m 3 / h.

[0010] Preferably, step S30 further comprises: obtaining a stainless steel shell by magnetic separation of medium and large pieces of heavy materials, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 9000GS~12000GS.

[0011] Preferably, step S40 further includes: S41, using a high-speed airflow de-powdering machine to perform high-speed airflow de-powdering treatment on small pieces of light materials, and obtaining first black powder and copper and aluminum materials after screening; S42, using a rubber hammer crusher to beat the copper and aluminum materials with a rubber rod to remove powder, and after screening, second black powder and flaky copper and aluminum foil are obtained, and the second black powder and the first black powder constitute selected black powder.

[0012] Preferably, in step S41: the air volume of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 60000m 3 / h~120000m 3 / h, the air pressure of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 0.3Mpa~0.8Mpa, and the residence time of small pieces of light materials in the crushing chamber of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 4min~15min.

[0013] Preferably, in step S41: the particle size of the first black powder is less than 400 mesh.

[0014] Preferably, in step S50: a fine crusher is used to finely crush the sheet copper and aluminum foil to obtain a spherical copper and aluminum product; the material crushing particle size of the fine crusher is 10 mesh to 90 mesh, and the cavity diameter of the fine crusher is not less than 800 mm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Different from the prior art, the present invention provides a flexible separation and de-powdering method for battery crushing materials under low-temperature process, comprising: firstly, subjecting the battery crushing materials to low-temperature roasting treatment to obtain roasting materials, the temperature of the low-temperature roasting treatment is 200℃~250℃; secondly, subjecting the roasting materials to vibration air separation treatment, and obtaining diaphragm paper, coarse black powder and metal materials after screening; then, subjecting the metal materials to Z-type air separation treatment, and obtaining medium and large heavy materials and small light materials after screening; then, subjecting the small light materials to flexible de-powdering treatment. The battery crushed materials are firstly subjected to low-temperature roasting treatment to selectively remove the binder and electrolyte in the battery crushed materials, retain the diaphragm paper material to reduce the recycling energy consumption cost, improve the recycling value and economic benefits, and then the selected black powder and flaky copper-aluminum foil are obtained after screening through flexible de-powdering treatment, so as to avoid the copper powder being over-grinded and difficult to be dry-separated from the black powder due to the presence of black powder in the subsequent fine crushing process, thereby increasing the recovery rate of the spherical copper-aluminum products. The above-mentioned recovery method has the characteristics of high metal recovery rate, low recovery energy consumption, low combustion pollution and simple process flow, which significantly reduces the recovery cost of valuable materials in the battery crushed materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A flow chart of a flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under a low temperature process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a process flow chart of the flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process provided in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a flexible separation and de-powdering method for battery crushed materials under a low-temperature process, which is used to solve the technical problems of high recovery energy consumption, large combustion pollution and few types of recovered valuable materials when the existing technology uses high-temperature pyrolysis method to recover battery crushed materials.

[0019] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flow chart of a flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under a low temperature process provided by an embodiment of the present invention; wherein the flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under a low temperature process specifically includes: S10, performing low temperature roasting treatment on the crushed battery material to obtain a roasted material, wherein the temperature of the low temperature roasting treatment is 200°C to 250°C.

[0020] Specifically, step S10 also includes: First, the discharged batteries are put into a multi-axis shredder for shredding to obtain battery crushed materials with a particle size of no more than 20 mm. The multi-axis shredder has a strong shearing and crushing ability, which can efficiently crush the batteries into smaller particles, providing a suitable material particle size for subsequent low-temperature roasting. Smaller particle size can increase the heating area of ​​the material during the roasting process, improving roasting efficiency and uniformity.

[0021] Afterwards, a rotary kiln is used to perform low-temperature calcination on the battery crushed materials. The time for the low-temperature calcination is 30 minutes to 60 minutes, and the temperature of the low-temperature calcination is 200°C to 250°C.

[0022] Specifically, the use of a rotary kiln for low temperature roasting has the following advantages: First of all, the rotary kiln can operate continuously, has a large processing capacity, and is suitable for large-scale production needs.

[0023] Secondly, the materials are constantly tumbling and moving in the rotary kiln, and are heated evenly, ensuring the stability of the roasting quality.

[0024] Finally, parameters such as temperature and time can be precisely controlled to meet different process requirements.

[0025] Specifically, the low-temperature calcination treatment temperature of 200℃~250℃ can effectively remove some volatile impurities (binders, solvents, and electrolytes of positive electrode powder and carbon powder in battery crushed materials) and harmful substances without causing excessive damage or loss to important components such as valuable metals and diaphragm materials in the battery. At the same time, relatively low temperatures can reduce energy consumption and equipment operating costs, while also reducing safety risks.

[0026] Specifically, the design of low-temperature roasting treatment time of 30min to 60min can ensure that the battery crushed materials have enough time to react and change at the set temperature to achieve the expected roasting effect. If the time is too short, it may lead to insufficient roasting, some impurities remaining or failure to complete the expected reaction; if the time is too long, it will not only increase energy consumption and production costs, but also may have an adverse effect on the properties of the battery crushed materials.

[0027] S20, vibrating and air-selecting the roasted materials, and obtaining diaphragm paper, coarse black powder and metal materials after screening.

[0028] Specifically, step S20 also includes: The roasted materials are vibrated and winnowed by a vibrating winnowing machine, and the diaphragm materials are blown out to the diaphragm filter press to be filtered into diaphragm paper; wherein, the particle size of the coarsely selected black powder is less than 80 mesh, and the thickness of the diaphragm paper is greater than 3mm.

[0029] Specifically, the vibrating air separator uses vibration and wind to sort materials. Its working principle is to loosen the materials and move them on the screen surface through vibration, and use wind to separate materials of different densities and particle sizes. In this process, lighter materials such as diaphragm paper will be blown up by the wind or move in a specific direction under the action of vibration, while heavier metal materials will remain in a specific area under the action of gravity, and black powder with smaller particle size will be screened out through the screen.

[0030] Specifically, the particle size range of the coarse black powder is less than 80 mesh, so that the black powder can be separated from the larger metal materials and thicker separator paper; the metal materials are separated during the air separation process due to their heavier weight. The metal materials may include the metal shell in the battery, the metal components in the electrode material, etc.

[0031] S30, the metal materials are subjected to Z-type air separation treatment, and medium-large pieces of heavy materials and small pieces of light materials are obtained after screening.

[0032] Specifically, step S30 also includes: First, the Z-type air separator is used to perform Z-type air separation on the metal materials, and medium and large pieces of heavy materials and small pieces of light materials are obtained after screening; the air volume of the Z-type air separator is 3500m 3 / h~4500m 3 / h.

[0033] Secondly, a magnetic separation belt is used to magnetically separate medium and large heavy materials to obtain a stainless steel shell. The magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation treatment is 9000GS~12000GS.

[0034] Specifically, the Z-type air separator can effectively sort metal materials through a specific air duct design and wind action. Its working principle is to separate different materials by using the differences in the movement trajectories of different materials under the action of wind. When metal materials enter the Z-type air separator, under the action of wind with a specific air volume, medium and large pieces of heavy materials are relatively less affected by the wind due to their large mass, and will move along a specific path and be collected as one category; while small pieces of light materials are more easily carried by the wind and move along different paths, thereby achieving the separation of the two.

[0035] Specifically, the air volume of the Z-type air separator is set at 3500m³ / h~4500m³ / h for the following reasons: If the air volume is too small, it may not be possible to effectively separate small pieces of light materials from medium and large pieces of heavy materials. Insufficient wind power will cause small pieces of light materials to not be fully blown up or moved to a suitable collection position, thus affecting the sorting effect; if the air volume is too large, medium and large pieces of heavy materials may also be overblown, resulting in inaccurate separation. At the same time, excessive air volume will also increase energy consumption and equipment operating costs, and may generate excessive dust, causing environmental pollution.

[0036] Specifically, the reason why the magnetic field strength is set at 9000GS~12000GS is as follows: If the magnetic field strength is too low, it may not be able to effectively adsorb materials with certain magnetism such as stainless steel shells, resulting in poor separation effect. Stainless steel shells usually have certain weak magnetism, and a magnetic field of sufficient strength is required to separate them from other materials; if the magnetic field strength is too high, it may adsorb too many non-target materials, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation, and also increasing the energy consumption and cost of the equipment.

[0037] S40, a flexible de-powdering treatment is performed on small pieces of light materials, and selected black powder and flaky copper and aluminum foil are obtained after screening.

[0038] Specifically, step S40 also includes: S41, a high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is used to perform high-speed airflow de-powdering treatment on small pieces of light materials, and the first black powder and copper-aluminum materials are obtained after screening.

[0039] Furthermore, the high-speed airflow powder remover uses the impact and shear force of the high-speed airflow to separate the black powder from the copper and aluminum materials in the small pieces of light materials. Its working principle is to use a strong airflow to blow up the materials and move them at high speed in the crushing chamber, so that the black powder and the copper and aluminum materials can be separated under the action of the airflow. Since black powder is usually small in size and light, it is easy to be carried away by the airflow, while the copper and aluminum materials are relatively heavy, and preliminary separation can be achieved under specific airflow conditions.

[0040] Specifically, in step S41: the air volume of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 60000m 3 / h~120000m 3 / h, the air pressure of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 0.3Mpa~0.8Mpa, and the residence time of small pieces of light materials in the crushing chamber of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 4min~15min.

[0041] Further, 60000m 3 / h~120000m 3 The air volume of 10 ...

[0042] Furthermore, the air pressure of 0.3Mpa~0.8Mpa can control the speed and strength of the air flow, ensuring that the material is subjected to appropriate impact force in the crushing chamber. Too low air pressure may not effectively separate the black powder, while too high air pressure may cause damage to the equipment and materials.

[0043] Furthermore, the length of the residence time of 4 to 15 minutes determines the degree of treatment of the material in the high-speed airflow. If the residence time is too short, the black powder may not be completely separated; if the residence time is too long, it will not only reduce production efficiency, but also cause excessive wear or unnecessary damage to the material.

[0044] Furthermore, the particle size of the first black powder is less than 400 mesh, which indicates that under the action of the high-speed airflow, the black powder with smaller particle size can be effectively separated. The particle size less than 400 mesh makes the first black powder have specific physical properties, which may have different uses in subsequent applications.

[0045] S42, using a rubber hammer crusher to beat the copper and aluminum materials with a rubber rod to remove powder, and after screening, second black powder and flaky copper and aluminum foil are obtained, and the second black powder and the first black powder constitute selected black powder.

[0046] Specifically, the rubber hammer crusher further separates the residual black powder from the copper and aluminum materials through the hammering action of the rubber rod. Its working principle is to use the elasticity and impact force of the rubber rod to remove the black powder attached to the copper and aluminum materials without damaging the copper and aluminum foil. The softness of the rubber rod can avoid mechanical damage to the copper and aluminum foil, while effectively separating the second black powder.

[0047] Specifically, the second black powder and the first black powder obtained in step S41 together constitute the selected black powder. Through the combined treatment of these two steps, the black powder can be separated to the greatest extent, the recovery rate of the black powder can be improved, and relatively pure sheet copper and aluminum foil can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent recycling and utilization.

[0048] S50, finely breaking the sheet-like copper and aluminum foil to obtain a spherical copper and aluminum product.

[0049] Specifically, step S50 also includes: The sheet copper and aluminum foil is finely crushed by a fine crusher to obtain spherical copper and aluminum products; the material crushing particle size of the fine crusher is 10 mesh to 90 mesh, and the cavity diameter of the fine crusher is not less than 800mm.

[0050] Specifically, the fine crusher can crush the copper and aluminum foil into spherical products of a specific size. Its working principle may be to gradually break the flaky materials into smaller particles through the action of mechanical forces, such as extrusion, shearing, impact, etc., and make them into spherical shapes under specific process conditions.

[0051] Specifically, the setting of the particle size range of 10 mesh to 90 mesh determines the size and shape of the spherical copper and aluminum products. Smaller particle sizes can increase the surface area of ​​copper and aluminum products and improve their reactivity in certain applications; while larger particle sizes may be more suitable for some occasions with higher requirements for strength and wear resistance. By controlling the parameters of the fine crusher, the particle size of the product can be accurately adjusted to meet different application requirements.

[0052] Specifically, the cavity diameter of the fine crusher is not less than 800mm: a larger cavity diameter can accommodate more materials and improve production efficiency. At the same time, a larger cavity also helps the flow and dispersion of materials during the crushing process, ensuring the uniformity of the crushing effect. In addition, a larger cavity can also reduce the blockage and accumulation of materials during the crushing process, improving the stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0053] The technical solution of the present application is now further described in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0054] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 The process flow chart of the flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under the low temperature process provided by Example 1 of the present invention; wherein, the specific steps of the flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under the low temperature process provided by Example 1 of the present invention are as follows: Step 1: Put the discharged battery into a multi-axis shredder. During the shredding process, the volatile organic gas generated by the heat generated by the battery shredding is extracted by a negative pressure exhaust fan (1200m 3 / h), control the discharge particle size to be within 20mm (screen mesh number 20), and the processing capacity shall not be less than 1200kg / h; among which, the discharge materials shall keep the battery shell, diaphragm paper, copper foil and aluminum foil in a loose state, and the discharge method shall be free fall.

[0055] Step 2: The material is conveyed to the rotary kiln loading bin by a spiral conveyor, and then conveyed to the rotary kiln by a spiral conveyor. The temperature is controlled at about 230°C, and the material passing time is controlled at 30min to 60min. The binder, solvent, and electrolyte of the positive electrode powder and carbon powder in the crushed battery material are volatilized; then the negative pressure at the kiln tail is used to extract (1200m 3 / h) The remaining battery shell, diaphragm, copper and aluminum foil, black powder, etc. are discharged from the discharge port to the vibrating air separator through the rotary kiln cooling kiln, and the discharge temperature is about 70℃.

[0056] Step three: According to the density and particle size of the materials, the vibrating air separator will sieve the peeled black powder (mesh size 80) under negative pressure to the black powder silo, and the diaphragm will be blown out to the diaphragm filter press to filter into cakes and package them in bags. The remaining metal materials will enter the air separation equipment.

[0057] Step 4: The material after vibration air separation is subjected to Z-type air separation (air volume 3500m 3 / h~4500m 3 / h, capacity 800kg / h) to screen out medium and large pieces of heavy materials, and the medium and large pieces of heavy materials are separated from the stainless steel shell by a magnetic separation belt (permanent magnetic separator magnetic field strength 9000GS~12000GS, capacity 200kg / h).

[0058] Step 5: The small pieces of light materials selected by wind are discharged from the bottom of the cyclone collector to the spiral silo, and then pushed to the crushing chamber of the airflow de-powdering machine by the spiral. 3 / h~120000m 3 / h, air pressure 0.3Mpa~0.8Mpa, crushing chamber residence time 4min~15min), the high-speed airflow blows out the black powder on the copper and aluminum foil, and the airflow is crushed to a particle size of more than 400 meshes. The black powder of qualified particle size is collected into the silo by the upper grading wheel of the airflow de-powdering machine, and the copper and aluminum foil is discharged through the conical discharge port at the bottom of the airflow de-powdering machine.

[0059] Step 6: The copper and aluminum foil discharged from the airflow de-powdering machine is discharged to the rubber hammer crusher through the pneumatic flap valve. The black powder attached to the copper and aluminum foil is separated by flexible mechanical force through multiple sets of friction blades and rubber beating rods to prevent the generation of metal powder. The separated black powder is pumped to the black powder silo through the upper negative pressure, and the copper and aluminum foil is discharged to the fine crusher through the lower discharge port.

[0060] Step seven: the material in the fine crusher is sheared, collided and rubbed by the moving knife, the material is crushed into a particle size of 10-90 mesh, the diaphragm paper is larger than 3mm, the production capacity is 800kg / h-1000kg / h, the cavity diameter of the fine crusher is not less than 800mm, and the shape of the copper and aluminum foil in the fine crusher changes from sheet to spherical, which is conducive to subsequent sorting.

[0061] The difficulty in recycling battery crushed materials by low-temperature pyrolysis is that the retention of diaphragm paper will affect the subsequent separation of valuable metals. The main reason is that when finely crushing copper and aluminum materials, the existence of diaphragm paper and its ductility will make the copper and aluminum materials unevenly crushed, and copper and aluminum cannot be efficiently separated by gravity separation. In addition, it is difficult to separate the diaphragm paper in the subsequent process, which causes great wear and tear on the equipment, and the separation is not clean, with a large number of valuable metal particles. If the black powder is not separated in time, the fine crushing process will cause the copper powder to be over-grinded, and the particle size is similar to that of the black powder, making it difficult to separate, resulting in too high a copper powder content in the black powder, increasing the difficulty and cost of recovery in the wet process, and a low copper recovery rate.

[0062] In response to the above problems and combined with the on-site process, this patent proposes a low-temperature roasting + flexible separation and de-powdering process, which uses low-temperature heating to selectively remove binders and electrolytes, retaining the diaphragm material to reduce the energy consumption cost of recycling, and improve the recycling value and economic benefits. The separation principle of the recycling method provided by the present invention is to pyrolyze and volatilize the electrolyte in the battery at low temperature, and then use the ductility of the diaphragm to separate the diaphragm, then the black powder, and then the copper and aluminum. The diaphragm is first separated and cleaned without being brought into the fine crushing stage, reducing the separation pressure of the back-end equipment and the loss of the diaphragm to the grinding machine. Secondly, before fine crushing, try to completely separate the black powder from the copper-aluminum film to prevent the copper powder from being over-grinded in the fine crushing stage, resulting in the mixing of copper powder and black powder and being unable to be dry-separated. In order to completely separate the copper-aluminum foil and the black powder, it is necessary to use flexible separation equipment to prevent the generation of copper powder.

[0063] In summary, different from the prior art, the flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The low-temperature pyrolysis process only needs to maintain a temperature of about 250°C, while the high-temperature pyrolysis temperature is 500°C. The energy consumption of the low-temperature process production line is reduced by more than 60%.

[0064] 2. The recycling scope is more comprehensive: not only the valuable metals of batteries such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium, copper, aluminum, iron, etc. are recycled, but also the PP\PE material diaphragm paper can be recycled, and the economic benefits are significantly improved. Recycling a single ton of batteries can increase the economic benefits by 10 to 20 yuan.

[0065] 3. Improve the recovery rate of copper: In the past, non-flexible crushing resulted in a large amount of over-ground copper powder mixed in the black powder. The particle size of the over-ground copper powder was almost the same as that of the black powder, between 80 mesh and 200 mesh, which was difficult to separate, resulting in the inability to improve the copper recovery rate. The high-speed airflow + rubber hammering method can not only effectively separate the black powder from the metal foil, but also increase the copper recovery rate by more than 10%.

[0066] 4. Airflow flexible crushing can adjust the particle size of black powder to between 200 mesh and 2000 mesh. The finer and more uniform the particle size, the higher the water solubility and dispersibility of black powder in the wet process, which is more conducive to the full leaching process to extract nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium.

[0067] It should be noted that the above embodiments all belong to the same inventive concept, and the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For matters that are not described in detail in some embodiments, reference may be made to the description in other embodiments.

[0068] The above embodiments only express the implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A flexible separation and powder removal method for battery crushed materials under low temperature process, characterized in that: include: S10, performing low-temperature roasting treatment on the crushed battery material to obtain a roasted material, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature roasting treatment is 200° C. to 250° C.; S20, performing vibration air separation on the roasted material to obtain diaphragm paper, coarse black powder and metal material after screening; S30, performing Z-type air separation on the metal material to obtain medium-large pieces of heavy materials and small pieces of light materials after screening; S40, performing a flexible de-powdering process on the small piece of light material, and obtaining selected black powder and flaky copper and aluminum foil after screening; S50, finely breaking the sheet-like copper and aluminum foil to obtain a spherical copper and aluminum product.

2. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before performing the step S10, the method further includes: placing the discharged batteries into a multi-shaft shredder for shredding to obtain the battery shredded material with an output particle size not exceeding 20 mm.

3. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S10: a rotary kiln is used to perform low-temperature roasting on the battery crushed material, and the time of the low-temperature roasting is 30 minutes to 60 minutes.

4. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S20: a vibrating air separator is used to vibrate and air separate the roasted material; wherein the particle size of the coarsely selected black powder is less than 80 meshes, and the thickness of the diaphragm paper is greater than 3 mm.

5. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S30: a Z-type air separator is used to perform Z-type air separation on the metal material; the air volume of the Z-type air separator is 3500m 3 / h~4500m 3 / h.

6. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The step S30 also includes: performing magnetic separation on the medium and large heavy materials to obtain a stainless steel shell, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic separation is 9000GS~12000GS.

7. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S40 further includes: S41, using a high-speed airflow de-powdering machine to perform high-speed airflow de-powdering treatment on the small light material, and obtaining first black powder and copper-aluminum materials after screening; S42, using a rubber hammer crusher to perform a rubber rod beating and powder removal treatment on the copper-aluminum material, and after screening, a second black powder and a flaky copper-aluminum foil are obtained, and the second black powder and the first black powder constitute the selected black powder.

8. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S41: the air volume of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 60000m 3 / h~120000m 3 / h, the air pressure of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 0.3Mpa~0.8Mpa, and the residence time of the small pieces of light materials in the crushing chamber of the high-speed airflow de-powdering machine is 4min~15min.

9. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S41: the particle size of the first black powder is less than 400 meshes.

10. The flexible separation and powder removal method of battery crushed materials under low temperature process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S50: a fine crusher is used to finely crush the sheet copper and aluminum foil to obtain a spherical copper and aluminum product; the material crushing particle size of the fine crusher is 10 mesh to 90 mesh, and the cavity diameter of the fine crusher is not less than 800 mm.

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