System suitable for ship fresh air dust removal, dehumidification and bacteriostasis

Abstract

The invention provides a system suitable for ship fresh air dust removal, dehumidification and bacteriostasis. An efficient and low-pressure-drop dust removal, dehumidification and bacteriostasis function device is arranged on the front section of the fresh air supply system, and an existing simple filter screen large-particle dust removal and air conditioner dehumidification system is replaced. Thus, after the fresh air is pretreated in the front section, the clean fresh air is conveyed to all cabins, the fresh air is supplied to the interior of the ship cabin, the humidity of the fresh air is adjusted, a comfortable living and working environment is provided for sailors, and energy conservation, environmental protection, energy conservation and carbon reduction are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is a device system suitable for dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial of fresh air in ships. In the system, the fresh air dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial function assembly components are rationally integrated and designed, and the technology and device design technology are mainly used to provide clean fresh air to ship cabins. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, large ships, warships and cruise ships are troubled by the humid marine atmosphere when they sail or stay in the ocean for a long time. As a result, the air humidity and temperature are high in the pipeline system and cabins for fresh air delivery, and environmental mold breeds, which brings health risks to crew members, passengers and other personnel. At the same time, it also brings corrosion risks to electronic instruments on the ship. For this reason, fresh air supply systems are generally designed and built on large ships, cruise ships and warships. In the system, a relatively simple fresh air dust removal pre-treatment device has been designed. For dehumidification, air conditioning and refrigeration technology is mainly used, but it has high energy consumption and high noise. In addition, it is rare to install devices with antibacterial and sterilization functions in the fresh air system.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention sets a high-efficiency, low-pressure-drop dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial function device in the front section of the fresh air supply system, replacing the existing simple filter screen large particle dust removal and air conditioning dehumidification system. In this way, after the fresh air is pre-treated in the front section, the clean fresh air is transported to various cabins, which not only supplies fresh air to the interior of the ship cabin and adjusts the fresh air humidity, which is beneficial to provide a comfortable living and working environment for the crew, but also is beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection, energy saving and carbon reduction. Summary of the invention

[0004] A system suitable for dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial of fresh air in ships, characterized in that: the fresh air enters the dust removal section under the action of the induced draft fan;

[0005] The dust removal stage is divided into two stages, i.e., firstly, a wire mesh filter is used to intercept large dust particles, i.e., dust larger than 10 microns; and then a fiber filter is used to filter fine dust, i.e., fine dust larger than 3 microns;

[0006] Among them, the distance between the front and rear filters is controlled to be 300-500mm;

[0007] After the fresh air is dusted, it enters the fresh air dehumidification section, i.e. the dehumidification tower;

[0008] A dehumidification tower is used to use highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate greater than 80% as an adsorbent for water vapor in fresh air. Specifically, the number of dehumidification towers is 1 or 2. If 2 dehumidification towers are designed, they can be used alternately. The empty tower gas velocity of the dehumidification tower is controlled at 0.7-1.2 m / s.

[0009] The distance between the air inlet at the bottom of the dehumidifier tower and the upper support grid is 400-600mm, and then the air enters the porous ceramic ball layer; or a tower plate with an opening rate of 15-20% is installed on the air inlet to distribute the air before entering the porous ceramic ball layer;

[0010] The dehumidifier is filled with highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate greater than 80%, and the diameters of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls are divided into three grades, namely 3-5mm, 6-8mm, and 12-13mm; from bottom to top, from large to small; and the corresponding heights are 30%, 50%, and 20% of the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball filling layer, respectively;

[0011] After the filling is completed, the top layer is paved with porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm and a static water absorption rate of more than 80% with a thickness of 100-150mm, and then fixed with a 3x3mm large-pore wire mesh; the last layer of highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm needs to be impregnated with an antibacterial agent, and after drying, a nano-metal dispersion with a concentration of 1000-3000ppM is used to impregnate the highly absorbent porous ceramic balls, and the impregnation time is not less than 2 hours; after completion, filtering and drying are carried out; finally, plastic bags are sealed and packaged for use; among them, the nano-metal antibacterial agent includes nano-silver, nano-copper or nano-zinc oxide; the low-temperature drying temperature is controlled between 40-50°C, and the time is at least 1 hour; it is based on the porous ceramic ball surface without visible water stains;

[0012] A support grid is provided at the bottom of the dehumidifier tower; the support grid uses commercially available inert ceramic balls with a water absorption rate of less than 1.5% as cushion materials; when the cushion materials are two layers, the first layer of inert ceramic balls has a diameter of 25mm and a height of 50mm; then 50mm inert ceramic balls with a diameter of 18-20mm are laid on top, and the total height of the two layers is 100mm;

[0013] Or only lay one layer of inert ceramic balls with a diameter of 25 mm, and the height of the inert ceramic balls should be controlled at 50-100 mm;

[0014] 2. Further, an online hygrometer is installed at the inlet and outlet of the dehumidifier. When the humidity of the outlet air is similar to that of the inlet air, it indicates that the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic in the dehumidifier has reached the saturated water absorption level. At this time, the second dehumidifier is switched to operate. After that, the first dehumidifier is regenerated.

[0015] 3. Further, for regeneration treatment, it is recommended to use hot air for regeneration treatment; the temperature of the hot air is controlled to be no less than 180°C; during the regeneration process, the water vapor generated by the dehumidification tower is condensed using a seawater condenser;

[0016] 4. Further, the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer is determined, and the design solution is determined based on the user's technical indicators for fresh air humidity control;

[0017] 5. Further, when the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer has been determined, the empty tower air velocity of the fresh air is controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the humidity of the outlet fresh air, that is, the greater the empty tower air velocity, the higher the outlet fresh air humidity;

[0018] like Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the fresh air dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial device system.

[0019] As shown in the figure, the fresh air enters the fresh air dust removal section under the action of the induced draft fan at the back. In order to improve the dust removal efficiency and reduce the pressure drop of the fresh air entering the filter, the air dust removal section is divided into two levels, that is, the wire mesh filter is first used to intercept large particles of dust, that is, dust larger than 10 microns. Then the fiber filter is used to filter fine dust, that is, fine dust larger than 3 microns. The horizontal dust collector is used, which makes it easy to replace the wire mesh filter and the fiber filter.

[0020] Among them, the distance between the front and rear filters is controlled within the radius of the horizontal dust collector, and the maximum is no more than 500mm. A stepped filter installation mode is adopted, that is, the dust is filtered from large to small according to the size of the filtered dust. In this way, it not only provides dust filtration efficiency, but also effectively reduces the pressure drop of fresh air passing through the front and rear filters, and prolongs the service life of the filters. Because if the stepped filtration mode is not adopted, to achieve the same filtration effect, during operation, fine dust will cause filter blockage in a shorter time, increase the pressure drop and the frequency of filter replacement, and the maintenance cost is high, the energy consumption is large, which is not conducive to energy saving and carbon reduction. In addition, a certain spatial distance is set between the front and rear filters, so that the wind speed passing through the wire mesh filter is reduced, and it passes through the fiber filter evenly again. In this way, the role of the fiber filter can be fully exerted.

[0021] After the fresh air is dusted, it enters the fresh air dehumidification section, that is, the dehumidification tower. The dehumidification tower is used instead of the air conditioning refrigeration dehumidification, that is, the highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate of more than 80% are used as adsorbents for water vapor in the fresh air. Based on the adsorption principle, the water vapor in the fresh air is adsorbed to reduce the humidity of the fresh air. Specifically: the number of dehumidification towers can be designed to be 1 or 2, and the designer can determine it according to the situation. Of course, if 2 dehumidification towers are designed, they can be used alternately. The empty tower gas velocity of the dehumidification tower is controlled at 0.7-1.2m / s. The distance between the air inlet at the bottom of the dehumidification tower and the upper support grid is controlled within the radius of the dehumidification tower, so that the air intake is evenly distributed before entering the porous ceramic ball layer. If you want to save space, you can also install a tower plate with an opening rate of 15-20% above the air inlet for air intake distribution. The dehumidification tower is filled with highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate greater than 80%, and the diameter of this highly absorbent porous ceramic ball is divided into three grades, namely 3-5mm, 6-8mm, and 12-13mm. In this way, the ceramic balls are laid from large to small and then to large. The purpose is to lay larger inert ceramic balls first in order to further evenly distribute the incoming air. Small-sized absorbent ceramic balls are laid in the middle to ensure the water absorption effect. Finally, the use of larger antibacterial ceramic balls reduces the gas velocity and avoids entraining the already accumulated water with high gas velocity. Therefore, based on the difference in porosity of ceramic balls of different diameters, an undulating flow velocity field is constructed from bottom to top inside the dehumidification tower, which is conducive to water vapor adsorption and reduces the pressure drop of air through the tower. The specific installation method is as follows:

[0022] 1. A supporting grid is provided at the bottom of the dehumidification tower. Here, commercially available inert ceramic balls with a water absorption rate of less than 1.5% are used as cushion materials for highly absorbent porous ceramic balls. Among them, the main components of commercially available inert ceramic balls are alumina and silica. Highly absorbent porous ceramic balls can be porous cordierite, activated alumina and clay materials, and the size of the pores is mainly mesopores. The size of the grid depends on the diameter of the tower and the size of the inert ceramic balls laid on the grid, and can be flexibly selected according to the diameter of the dehumidification tower. When filling the porous ceramic balls, first lay a layer of inert ceramic balls with a water absorption rate of less than 1.5% on the flat grid. The height of this layer of inert ceramic balls is controlled at 50-100mm, which is specifically determined according to the diameter of the dehumidification tower. Finally, porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate of 80% and a diameter of 12-13mm, 6-8mm and 3-5mm are loaded in turn, and the corresponding heights are 30%, 50% and 20% of the total height of the high water absorption porous ceramic ball packing layer respectively. After the loading is completed, the top is paved with porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm and a static water absorption rate greater than 80% with a thickness of 100-150mm, and then fixed with a 3x3mm large-pore wire mesh. Among them, the paving of the antibacterial porous ceramic ball layer with a larger diameter plays an adsorption and antibacterial role on the one hand, and on the other hand, it reduces the gas velocity and plays the role of ballast for the small-sized porous ceramic balls below. In this way, the water-absorbing porous ceramic balls are loaded in layers from large to small according to the diameter, which is conducive to reducing the pressure drop of the dehumidification tower.

[0023] 2. Special note: The last layer of highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm needs to be impregnated with antibacterial agents and dried before use. The specific method is to use a nano-metal dispersion with a concentration of 1000-3000ppM to impregnate the highly absorbent porous ceramic balls for no less than 2 hours. After completion, filter and dry at low temperature. Finally, seal and package in plastic bags for use. Among them, nano-metal antibacterial agents include nano-silver, nano-copper or nano-zinc oxide. The low-temperature drying temperature is controlled between 40-50°C and the time is at least 1 hour. Finally, it is based on the absence of visible water stains on the surface of the porous ceramic balls.

[0024] 3. Install online hygrometers at the inlet and outlet of the dehumidifier. When the humidity of the outlet air is similar to that of the inlet air, it means that the highly water-absorbent porous ceramics in the dehumidifier have reached the saturated water absorption level. At this time, you can manually or automatically switch to the second dehumidifier. After that, regenerate the first dehumidifier.

[0025] 4. For the regeneration of highly water-absorbent porous ceramics in water-absorbent saturated dehumidification towers, it is recommended to use hot air for regeneration.

[0026] The temperature of the hot air is controlled to be no less than 180°C, mainly to speed up the regeneration process and facilitate mesoporous dehydration. It is recommended that the water vapor generated by the dehumidifier be condensed by a seawater condenser during the regeneration process. In this way, on the one hand, clean fresh water can be obtained for use in other equipment systems. On the other hand, the non-condensable gas generated, which still maintains a relatively high temperature, can be returned and reused in the regeneration process to save energy consumption in the regeneration of highly water-absorbent porous ceramics.

[0027] 5. For the determination of the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer in Article 1, the design solution is determined based on the user's technical indicators for fresh air humidity control. If the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer has been determined, the empty tower air velocity of the fresh air can be controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the humidity of the outlet fresh air, that is, the greater the empty tower air velocity, the higher the outlet fresh air humidity.

[0028] vice versa.

[0029] 6. Similarly, for the height of the last layer of porous ceramic ball material loaded with antibacterial agent, the designer can determine it based on actual needs.

[0030] 7. This cycle can achieve continuous fresh air dehumidification. Compared with air conditioning dehumidification, it has low energy consumption and is conducive to low-carbon emission reduction and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fresh air dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial device system.

[0032] Among them: (1) support grid; (2) hot air blower; (3) dehumidification tower; (4) 25mm inert porcelain ball; (5) 18-20mm inert ball; (6) 12-13mm porous ball; (7) 6-8mm porous ball; (8) 3-5mm porous ball; (9) induced draft fan;

[0033] (10) Compression grille (with wire mesh); (11) Antibacterial layer (12-13 mm porous balls loaded with antibacterial agent); (12) Fiber dust collector; (13) Wire mesh dust collector; (14) Fresh air inlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] 1. Design a dust collector with a diameter of 300mm, and set the wire mesh dust filter and the fiber dust collector in a stepped manner. The two filters are spaced 150mm apart. Under the same air velocity conditions, the pressure drop through the two sets of dust filters is reduced by about 20-25%, and the greater the air velocity, the more obvious the pressure drop reduction.

[0035] 2. Similarly, design a dehumidification tower with a diameter of 500mm and a height of 1000mm, and install porous ceramic balls according to the first item. Among them, the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer is 500mm. The porous ceramic balls loaded with antibacterial agents are completed according to the above-mentioned second item, and the concentration of the antibacterial agent used is 1500ppM. The test results show that when the empty tower air velocity is 1.2m / s, the fresh air humidity can be reduced from 95% to about 65%. If the empty tower air velocity is reduced to 0.7m / s, the outlet air humidity will be reduced from 95% to about 50%. Because the environmental humidity suitable for human habitation is generally controlled at 50-65%

[0036] It can be seen that the humidity of the outlet air can be adjusted by adjusting the superficial gas velocity. If the humidity needs to be further reduced, on the one hand, the height of the highly absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer can be increased, and on the other hand, the superficial gas velocity can be reduced. The specific requirements depend on the project.

[0037] 3. After one year of intermittent experiment, the upper end cover of the dehumidifier was opened and observed: no mold was found in the antibacterial layer on the dehumidifier, indicating that the antibacterial effect was good.

[0038] 4. When using 180℃ dry hot air to regenerate highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls, it was found that pure water could be obtained after about 1 hour of hot air regeneration. Further experiments on samples showed that under the condition of ensuring 180℃, the dehydration rate of highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls can reach more than 90%. The antibacterial porous ceramic balls still retain the first-level antibacterial effect.

[0039] The innovative inventions are as follows:

[0040] 1. Based on the adsorption principle, the air dehumidification system constructed replaces the air conditioning dehumidification technology, which not only saves energy and reduces consumption and carbon emissions, but also generates fresh water resources while dehumidifying on the ship. This is of certain significance for replenishing fresh water for ships that stay on the ocean for a long time.

[0041] 2. By using the porosity of ceramic balls with different diameters and the different air speeds, an undulating velocity field is constructed from bottom to top inside the dehumidification tower, which is not only conducive to water vapor adsorption and effectively reduces the pressure drop of air passing through the tower, but also can reduce the rated power of the induced draft fan selected later and reduce energy consumption.

[0042] 3. The system can control the air velocity flow rate of the fresh air in the empty tower to achieve the purpose of controlling the humidity of the outlet fresh air, that is, the greater the fresh air flow rate, the higher the humidity of the outlet fresh air, and vice versa.

[0043] 4. The use of highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls as antibacterial agent carriers can not only ensure the loading capacity of the antibacterial agent and provide an antibacterial effect, but also the antibacterial porous ceramic balls can maintain a high water vapor adsorption capacity while playing an antibacterial function, which is conducive to the further inactivation of bacteria in the adsorbed water.

[0044] 5. Use a stepped mode to design and arrange the dust filter, including maintaining the distance between the two filters, improving the filtration efficiency and extending the filter life. Use a horizontal filter for easy replacement.

Claims

1. A system suitable for dust removal, dehumidification and antibacterial of fresh air in ships, characterized by: The fresh air enters the dust removal section under the action of the induced draft fan; The dust removal stage is divided into two stages, i.e., firstly, a wire mesh filter is used to intercept large dust particles, i.e., dust larger than 10 microns; and then a fiber filter is used to filter fine dust, i.e., fine dust larger than 3 microns; Among them, the distance between the front and rear filters is controlled to be 300-500mm; After the fresh air is dusted, it enters the fresh air dehumidification section, i.e. the dehumidification tower; A dehumidification tower is used to use highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate greater than 80% as an adsorbent for water vapor in fresh air. Specifically, the number of dehumidification towers is 1 or 2. If 2 dehumidification towers are designed, they can be used alternately. The empty tower gas velocity of the dehumidification tower is controlled at 0.7-1.2 m / s. The distance between the air inlet at the bottom of the dehumidifier tower and the upper support grid is 400-600mm, and then the air enters the porous ceramic ball layer; or a tower plate with an opening rate of 15-20% is installed on the air inlet to distribute the air before entering the porous ceramic ball layer; The dehumidifier is filled with highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls with a static water absorption rate greater than 80%, and the diameters of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic balls are divided into three grades, namely 3-5mm, 6-8mm, and 12-13mm; from bottom to top, from large to small; and the corresponding heights are 30%, 50%, and 20% of the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball filling layer, respectively; After the filling is completed, the top layer is paved with porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm and a static water absorption rate of more than 80% with a thickness of 100-150mm, and then fixed with a 3x3mm large-pore wire mesh; the last layer of highly absorbent porous ceramic balls with a diameter of 12-13mm needs to be impregnated with an antibacterial agent, and after drying, a nano-metal dispersion with a concentration of 1000-3000ppM is used to impregnate the highly absorbent porous ceramic balls, and the impregnation time is not less than 2 hours; after completion, filtering and drying are carried out; finally, plastic bags are sealed and packaged for use; among them, the nano-metal antibacterial agent includes nano-silver, nano-copper or nano-zinc oxide; the low-temperature drying temperature is controlled between 40-50°C, and the time is at least 1 hour; it is based on the porous ceramic ball surface without visible water stains; A support grid is provided at the bottom of the dehumidifier tower; the support grid uses commercially available inert ceramic balls with a water absorption rate of less than 1.5% as cushion materials; when the cushion materials are two layers, the first layer of inert ceramic balls has a diameter of 25mm and a height of 50mm; then 50mm inert ceramic balls with a diameter of 18-20mm are laid on top, and the total height of the two layers is 100mm; Alternatively, only one layer of inert ceramic balls with a diameter of 25 mm can be laid, and the height of the inert ceramic balls can be controlled at 50-100 mm.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Install online hygrometers at the inlet and outlet of the dehumidifier tower. When the humidity of the outlet air is similar to that of the inlet air, it indicates that the highly water-absorbent porous ceramics in the dehumidifier tower have reached the saturated water absorption level. At this time, switch to the second dehumidifier tower for operation. After that, regenerate the first dehumidifier tower.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Regeneration treatment uses hot air for regeneration treatment; the temperature of the hot air is controlled to be no less than 180°C; during the regeneration treatment process, the water vapor generated by the dehumidification tower is condensed using a water condenser.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer is determined, and the design solution is determined based on the user's technical indicators for fresh air humidity control.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the total height of the highly water-absorbent porous ceramic ball material layer has been determined, the empty tower air velocity of the fresh air is controlled to achieve the purpose of controlling the humidity of the outlet fresh air, that is, the greater the empty tower air velocity, the higher the outlet fresh air humidity.

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