Site survey method for urban planning

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-site survey method for urban planning, and relates to the technical field of urban planning survey, and the method comprises the following steps: inputting the height difference between measurement points into a calculation module, and outputting a terrain slope value, a sight visibility index and a comprehensive evaluation index by the calculation module. According to the method, high-precision topographic data is adopted, accurate slope adjustment suggestions are provided for a planning scheme by calculating the construction difficulty under different slopes, the project implementation risk is effectively reduced, and based on the visible sub-module, factors such as the building height, topographic relief and vegetation distribution are combined, so that the construction efficiency is improved. The visual reachability of any position in the area is quantitatively evaluated, so that a planner can intuitively know the influence of different planning schemes on the landscape visual line, the building layout and public space setting are optimized, the urban visual quality is improved, and finally, multiple factors such as gradient, visibility, population density, traffic flow and green coverage rate are integrated, so that the urban visual quality is improved. And a comprehensive quantitative evaluation standard is provided for urban planning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of urban planning survey, and in particular to an on-site survey method for urban planning. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, urban planning is also facing unprecedented challenges. Urban space is becoming increasingly tight and population density is increasing, which puts higher requirements on the rational use of land resources, the optimal layout of transportation networks, the scientific configuration of public facilities and the protection of the ecological environment. In the field of modern urban planning, on-site survey methods are crucial to ensure the rational layout of urban space, improve the quality of life of residents and ensure public safety.

[0003] The current surveying methods may ignore the slope of the terrain when calculating land use, and may not accurately reflect the profound impact of slope on land development costs, construction difficulty and safety, resulting in frequent technical difficulties and cost overruns in the implementation of planning schemes. In addition, the existing urban planning on-site surveys may not take factors such as line of sight obstruction and landscape line of sight quality into consideration, which may greatly reduce the visual experience of the planning scheme. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a field survey method for urban planning, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a field survey method for urban planning, comprising the following survey method: Step 1: First, form a survey team and collect topographic maps, meteorological data and information on existing buildings in the survey area. Determine the specific survey scope according to the needs of urban planning and prepare survey instruments. Step 2: Use the acquisition module to survey the specific survey range, measure the height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value; Step 3: Based on the data processing module, the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value are sorted, and the integrity of the data is checked, and the abnormal data is reviewed; Step 4: Input the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value into the calculation module, and the calculation module outputs the terrain slope value, the line of sight visibility index and the comprehensive evaluation index; Step 5: Analyze and judge the terrain slope value, line of sight visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index based on the analysis module, identify problems and potential risk points in urban planning, and then prepare a survey report accordingly.

[0006] Optionally, the calculation module includes: a slope planning submodule, a visibility submodule, a planning index submodule and a loop adjustment submodule.

[0007] Optionally, the calculation formula of the slope planning submodule is as follows: ; in: SLATD represents the terrain slope value; △HA represents the height difference between the measuring points, △HB represents the horizontal distance between the measuring points, arctan represents the inverse tangent function, PDA represents the soil hardness value, PDB represents the soil type, A1 and A2 represent the weight coefficients of PDA and PDB respectively, A3 represents the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal, W1 represents the conversion coefficient, △HA / △HB represents the ratio between the slope height difference and the horizontal distance, 1+A1×PDA+A2×PDB represents the degree of slope adjustment, and cos(A3×W1) represents the influence of wind direction on slope perception; The processing process of the slope planning submodule is as follows: the height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value are substituted into the slope planning submodule, and based on the soil type PDB, the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal A3, the terrain slope value SLATD is output.

[0008] Optionally, the calculation formula of the visibility submodule is as follows: ; in: VBLAJS represents the sight visibility index; e represents a constant, k represents a sensitivity coefficient, HU represents the height of buildings around the observation point, HS represents the height of the observation point, v represents visibility, and (HU-HS) / v represents the degree of obstruction of the view of the observation point by the building; The processing process of the visibility submodule is as follows: the terrain slope value SLATD is substituted into the visibility submodule, and based on the sensitivity coefficient k, the height HU of the buildings around the observation point, the height HS of the observation point and the visibility v, the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS is output.

[0009] Optionally, the calculation formula of the planning index submodule is as follows: ; in: CPHIEX stands for Comprehensive Evaluation Index; α, β, γ, θ, ω represent the influencing parameters of SLATD, VBLAJS, LP, TT and DEHG respectively, LP represents population density, TT represents traffic flow, DEHG represents green coverage, Log (LP+1) represents the processing formula of population density, TT / (1+TT) represents the expression of normalized traffic flow; The processing process of the planning index submodule is as follows: the terrain slope value SLATD and the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS are substituted into the planning index submodule together, and the weights of each component are adjusted based on α, β, γ, θ and ω, and then the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIE is output based on the population density LP, traffic flow TT and green coverage rate DEHG.

[0010] Optionally, the processing process of the loop adjustment submodule is as follows: Step I: V new =V old +BR×(CPHIEX-CPHIEX op ); Step II: Establish loop termination constraints; Constraint 1: |V new -V old |<OU; Constraint 2: The number of iterations is 82; in: V new Indicates updated visibility; BR represents adjustment factor, CPHIEX op represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the target, V new -V old It represents the difference between the updated visibility V and the previous visibility V; Based on the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and the target comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX op The difference between the two is calculated, and the change range of visibility V is controlled by adjusting the coefficient BR, and the updated visibility V is output. new , the updated visibility V new The visibility v in the visibility submodule is replaced to continuously affect the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS and the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX, and the purpose of iterative termination convergence is achieved through constraints one and two.

[0011] Optionally, the analysis module uses GIS software and data analysis tools to analyze terrain slope values, line of sight visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index to identify problems and risk points in the planning, and then propose corresponding solutions or suggestions.

[0012] Optionally, the acquisition module uses a total station, a GPS locator and a laser rangefinder to collect the height difference and the horizontal distance between the measuring points within the survey range, and samples the soil within the survey range and obtains the soil hardness value after the samples are analyzed in the laboratory.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention outputs the terrain slope value through the slope planning submodule. The calculation result of the terrain slope value provides a scientific basis for urban planners, which helps them to more accurately identify geological disaster risk areas, optimize building design and reduce construction difficulty and cost. By quantitatively evaluating the terrain slope, this method provides powerful decision-making support for urban planners and helps to formulate more scientific, reasonable and practical planning schemes.

[0014] 2. The present invention outputs the line of sight visibility index through the visibility submodule, and comprehensively considers multiple factors such as building height, observation point height, visibility and wind direction angle, so as to provide a more accurate visual analysis basis for landscape design, traffic flow planning and the like in urban planning, which is helpful to optimize the urban visual environment and improve the quality of life of residents, and provides accurate visual environment assessment results for urban planners, which helps them optimize landscape design and traffic flow planning, improve the overall aesthetics and safety of the city, and provides powerful data support for urban planners through quantitative assessment of the visual environment, which is helpful to formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes and reduce deviations caused by subjective judgment.

[0015] 3. The present invention outputs a comprehensive evaluation index through the planning index submodule, and integrates multiple factors such as slope, visibility, population density, traffic flow and green coverage rate by weighted sum, providing a comprehensive quantitative evaluation standard for urban planning, which is convenient for urban planners to comprehensively consider various aspects of urban development from multiple dimensions to formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes. It provides comprehensive quantitative evaluation results and scientific decision-making support for urban planners, which is convenient for them to comprehensively consider multiple factors to formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes, and to quantitatively evaluate the impact of different factors on urban planning and formulate corresponding planning strategies.

[0016] 4. The present invention iterates visibility based on the comprehensive evaluation index through a cyclic adjustment submodule. By iterating visibility and based on the real-time comprehensive evaluation index value, visibility can accurately reflect the current environmental conditions and provide more accurate data support for urban planning. By calculating the comprehensive evaluation index and adjusting the visibility in turn, the impact of various factors on urban planning can be comprehensively considered to achieve comprehensive and scientific planning. Moreover, based on the iteratively adjusted visibility, a planning scheme that is more in line with actual conditions and needs can be formulated, thereby improving the scientificity and feasibility of the planning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps in the site survey method planned for this city; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the on-site survey method for this city plan; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the computing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The on-site survey method of this urban planning is different from the existing survey method. When calculating land use potential or traffic flow design, the existing survey method often ignores the slope factor of the terrain, or only uses simple slope classification for rough adjustment. This processing method cannot accurately reflect the profound impact of slope on land development cost, construction difficulty and safety, resulting in frequent technical difficulties and cost overruns in the implementation of planning schemes. In addition, in urban planning, the layout of buildings and the setting of public spaces need to fully consider the visual accessibility to ensure the effective use of landscape resources and the psychological comfort of residents. However, the existing calculation system often ignores this point and does not take into account factors such as visual obstruction and landscape visual quality, resulting in a significant reduction in the visual experience of the planning scheme; The calculation module of the on-site survey method for urban planning uses high-precision terrain data to finely divide and dynamically adjust the regional slope, and calculates the construction difficulty and safety risk factors under different slopes, providing accurate slope adjustment suggestions for the planning scheme, effectively reducing the risk of project implementation and improving the economy and feasibility of the planning scheme. It also introduces a line of sight simulation algorithm, which combines factors such as building height, terrain undulation and vegetation distribution to quantitatively evaluate the line of sight accessibility at any location in the area. Through visual display, it helps planners intuitively understand the impact of different planning schemes on landscape sight, thereby optimizing building layout and public space settings and improving urban visual quality.

[0020] Example: See Figures 1 to 3 , this implementation provides a field survey method for urban planning, including the following survey methods: Step 1: First, form a survey team and collect topographic maps, meteorological data and information on existing buildings in the survey area. Determine the specific survey scope according to the needs of urban planning and prepare survey instruments. Step 2: Use the acquisition module to survey the specific survey range, measure the height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value; Step 3: Based on the data processing module, the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value are sorted, and the integrity of the data is checked, and the abnormal data is reviewed; Step 4: Input the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value into the calculation module, and the calculation module outputs the terrain slope value, the line of sight visibility index and the comprehensive evaluation index; Step 5: Analyze and judge the terrain slope value, visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index based on the analysis module, identify the problems and potential risk points in urban planning, and then prepare a survey report accordingly; The calculation module includes: a slope planning submodule, a visibility submodule, a planning index submodule and a loop adjustment submodule.

[0021] In this embodiment: in the field survey method for urban planning, the terrain slope value SLATD not only considers the traditional ratio of height difference to horizontal distance, but also incorporates the influence of soil hardness and soil type, making the assessment of terrain slope more accurate, which helps to better avoid geological disaster risks such as landslides, mud-rock flows, etc. during the planning process; The line of sight visibility index VBLAJS not only takes into account the building height, observation point height and visibility, but also calculates the impact of these factors on the field of vision through a complex mathematical model, providing a more accurate visual analysis basis for urban planning, helping to optimize the urban landscape layout and improve the quality of life of residents; The comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX combines multiple factors such as slope, visibility, population density, traffic flow and green coverage rate in a weighted sum manner, providing a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation standard for urban planning, which helps decision makers weigh the pros and cons in multiple dimensions and formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes; Compared with the traditional single-dimensional evaluation method, this method realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of urban planning field surveys by introducing the combined operation of multiple parameters, significantly improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the evaluation. The calculation results of the terrain slope value SLATD, the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS and the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX are all quantitative indicators, providing data-driven decision support for urban planning. This helps to reduce the deviation caused by subjective judgment and improve the scientificity and objectivity of planning. In addition, each parameter and weight coefficient in this submodule can be adjusted and optimized according to the actual situation, making the method highly flexible and scalable. This method constructs a more comprehensive evaluation system by introducing multiple parameters and complex mathematical models, which can more accurately reflect the actual situation of urban planning. By providing data-driven decision support, this method helps decision makers to formulate planning schemes more scientifically, reduce blindness and arbitrariness, and improve the effectiveness and sustainability of planning.

[0022] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the slope planning submodule processing process is as follows: ; in: SLATD represents the terrain slope value; △HA represents the height difference between the measuring points. △HA refers to the distance difference between the measuring points in the vertical direction, usually in meters, which reflects the degree of change of the terrain in the vertical direction; △HB represents the horizontal distance between the measuring points. △HB refers to the distance between the measuring points in the horizontal direction, also in meters. It is used as the denominator when calculating the slope, and together with △HA, determines the slope of the terrain; arctan represents the inverse tangent function; PDA stands for soil hardness value. PDA indicates the firmness of the soil or its ability to resist external forces. It may be a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 means very soft and 10 means very hard. PDB stands for soil type. PDB is a categorical value that represents the physical and chemical properties of soil. In practical applications, it may be necessary to convert soil type into a numerical value for use in formulas. A1 and A2 represent the weight coefficients of PDA and PDB, respectively; A3 represents the angle between wind direction and the slope normal. A3 refers to the angle between wind direction and the terrain slope normal in degrees. A3 is used to simulate the effect of wind direction on slope perception or actual terrain features, such as erosion; W1 represents the conversion coefficient, which is used to convert the wind direction angle from degrees to radians and adjust the proportion of its impact intensity; △HA / △HB represents the ratio between the slope height difference and the horizontal distance, and △HA / △HB gives the amount of change in the terrain in the vertical direction per unit distance in the horizontal direction; 1+A1×PDA+A2×PDB represents the degree of slope adjustment. 1+A1×PDA+A2×PDB is used to adjust the slope to take into account the effects of soil hardness and soil type. The harder the soil or the more special the type, the greater the impact on the slope may be, so this is reflected by increasing this factor. cos(A3×W1) indicates the influence of wind direction on slope perception. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the slope normal, that is, the angle is 90 degrees or 2π radians, the value of the cos function is 0, indicating that the wind direction has no effect on the slope. As the angle decreases, the value of the cos function increases, indicating that the influence of wind direction on the slope increases. The processing process of the slope planning submodule is as follows: the height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value are substituted into the slope planning submodule, and based on the soil type PDB, the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal A3, the terrain slope value SLATD is output.

[0023] In this embodiment: the terrain slope value SLATD not only takes into account the height difference and horizontal distance of the terrain, but also incorporates two key factors: soil hardness and soil type. This makes it possible to more accurately predict risk areas for geological disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flows when evaluating terrain slope, providing strong support for disaster prevention and mitigation in urban planning. Accurate slope assessment helps architects consider the natural characteristics of the terrain during the design process, optimize building layout, and reduce construction difficulty and cost caused by uneven terrain. By introducing soil hardness and soil type, SLATD realizes a multi-dimensional assessment of terrain slope, surpassing the limitations of traditional methods that only consider height difference and horizontal distance. The prior art often only focuses on the height difference of the terrain. SLATD takes into account the difference in slope and horizontal distance, but ignores the importance of soil characteristics to slope assessment. SLATD provides a more comprehensive and accurate slope assessment by comprehensively considering multiple factors. Since soil hardness and soil type are taken into account, SLATD shows higher accuracy in predicting geological disaster risks, which helps urban planners take measures in advance to prevent potential risks. The calculation results of SLATD provide a scientific basis for urban planners, helping them to more accurately identify geological disaster risk areas, optimize building design, and reduce construction difficulty and cost. By quantitatively evaluating terrain slope, this method provides strong decision-making support for urban planners and helps them to formulate more scientific, reasonable and practical planning schemes.

[0024] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the visibility submodule processing process is as follows: ; in: VBLAJS represents the sight visibility index; e represents a constant; k represents the sensitivity coefficient, which is used to adjust the sensitivity of the slope and other factors to the visibility; HU represents the height of the buildings around the observation point. HU is measured in meters. HU affects the field of view seen from the observation point. HS stands for the height of the observation point. HS refers to the height of the observer's position. HS is measured in meters. HS also affects the field of view. v stands for visibility. v refers to the effect of atmospheric conditions on the ability to see through. v is usually measured in meters. Low visibility will limit the range of vision. (HU-HS) / v represents the degree of obstruction of the view of the observation point by the building. (HU-HS) / v calculates the ratio of the height difference between the building and the observation point to the visibility; The processing process of the visibility submodule is as follows: the terrain slope value SLATD is substituted into the visibility submodule, and based on the sensitivity coefficient k, the height HU of the buildings around the observation point, the height HS of the observation point and the visibility v, the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS is output.

[0025] In this embodiment: the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS provides a more accurate visual analysis basis for landscape design, traffic flow planning, etc. in urban planning by comprehensively considering multiple factors such as building height, observation point height, visibility and wind direction angle, which helps to optimize the urban visual environment and improve the quality of life of residents. In traffic planning, the evaluation results of the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS help to identify potential blind spots or obstacles, so as to take measures to improve road safety and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. The line of sight visibility index VBLAJS calculates the degree of obstruction of the field of vision by buildings and the influence of the wind direction angle on the field of vision, which improves the precision and accuracy of the evaluation. In addition, this submodule only considers the two traditional factors of building height and observation point height, and also introduces dynamic factors such as visibility and wind direction angle, so as to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the visual environment. Compared with the existing technology, which may only focus on the impact of building height and observation point height on the field of view and ignore dynamic factors such as visibility and wind direction angle, the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS provides a more comprehensive visual assessment by comprehensively considering multiple factors. Due to the consideration of dynamic factors such as wind direction angle, the assessment results of the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS are more adaptable and can better cope with the changes in the visual environment under different weather and seasonal conditions. The calculation results of the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS provide urban planners with accurate visual environment assessment results, which helps them optimize landscape design, traffic flow planning and other aspects, and improve the overall beauty and safety of the city. By quantitatively evaluating the visual environment, this method provides strong data support for urban planners, which helps them formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes and reduce deviations caused by subjective judgment.

[0026] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the planning index submodule processing process is as follows: ; in: CPHIEX stands for Comprehensive Evaluation Index; α, β, γ, θ, and ω represent the influencing parameters of SLATD, VBLAJS, LP, TT, and DEHG, respectively; LP stands for population density. LP refers to the number of people per unit area, usually in people / square kilometer. LP reflects the residential density of a region. TT stands for traffic flow. TT refers to the number of vehicles passing through a certain road section or area per unit time, usually in units of vehicles per hour. TT reflects the traffic congestion in the area. DEHG stands for green coverage rate. DEHG refers to the area ratio of green vegetation, such as trees and grass, in a region, which reflects the ecological environment quality of the region. Log (LP+1) represents the population density processing formula, which processes the population density through a logarithmic function to avoid oversensitivity to extremely low population density; TT / (1+TT) represents the expression for normalizing traffic flow. The calculation of TT / (1+TT) ensures that its impact is limited even in high traffic conditions. The processing process of the planning index submodule is as follows: the terrain slope value SLATD and the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS are substituted into the planning index submodule together, and the weights of each component are adjusted based on α, β, γ, θ and ω, and then the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX is output based on population density LP, traffic flow TT and green coverage rate DEHG.

[0027] In this embodiment: the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX combines multiple factors such as slope, visibility, population density, traffic flow and green coverage rate in a weighted sum manner, providing a comprehensive quantitative evaluation standard for urban planning, which helps urban planners to comprehensively consider various aspects of urban development from multiple dimensions and formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes. This sub-module provides scientific decision-making support for decision makers by quantitatively evaluating the impact of different factors on urban planning. This helps to reduce the bias caused by subjective judgment and improve the effectiveness and sustainability of planning. The comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX has constructed a multi-dimensional evaluation system, which goes beyond the limitations of traditional single-dimensional evaluation and realizes a comprehensive evaluation of urban planning. This sub-module can adjust the weight coefficients of different factors according to the development needs and planning goals of different regions, so that the evaluation results are more in line with the actual situation and planning needs. Compared with the existing technology, which may only focus on one or several aspects of urban planning and lack a comprehensive evaluation system, this comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX provides a more comprehensive evaluation standard by comprehensively considering multiple factors. The calculation results of the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX provide urban planners with comprehensive quantitative evaluation results and scientific decision-making support, which helps them to comprehensively consider multiple factors to formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes. By quantitatively evaluating the impact of different factors on urban planning and formulating corresponding planning strategies, this method helps to promote the sustainable development and long-term prosperity of cities.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 3 , the loop adjustment submodule processing process is as follows: Step I: V new =V old +BR×(CPHIEX-CPHIEX op ); Step II: Establish loop termination constraints; Constraint 1: |V new -V old |<OU; Constraint 2: The number of iterations is 82; in: V new Indicates updated visibility; BR represents adjustment factor, CPHIEX op represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the target, V new -V old It represents the difference between the updated visibility V and the previous visibility V; Based on the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and the target comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX op The difference between the two is calculated, and the change range of visibility V is controlled by adjusting the coefficient BR, and the updated visibility V is output. new , the updated visibility V new The visibility v in the visibility submodule is replaced to continuously affect the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS and the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX, and the purpose of iterative termination convergence is achieved through constraints one and two.

[0029] In this embodiment: by iteratively adjusting visibility V and based on the real-time comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX value, through continuous iteration, visibility V can more accurately reflect the current environmental conditions and provide more accurate data support for urban planning. Because the on-site environment in urban planning is complex and changeable, including weather, pollution, traffic and other factors, iterative adjustment of V can dynamically adapt to these changes to ensure that the planning scheme is highly consistent with the actual situation. Based on the iteratively adjusted visibility V, urban planners can make more scientific and reasonable decisions. For example, in traffic planning, the setting of traffic lights or road layout can be adjusted according to the visibility conditions of different areas to improve traffic efficiency and safety. The overall iterative cycle process can be automated to reduce manual intervention and errors. At the same time, through rapid iteration, the optimal visibility adjustment scheme can be quickly found to improve the overall efficiency of planning work. Visibility V is a very important parameter in urban planning. It directly affects transportation, landscape, residents' lives and other aspects. There is a direct correlation between the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and visibility V. The effect of urban planning can be improved most directly by iteratively adjusting V. The comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX usually includes multiple factors related to urban planning, such as air quality, noise level, traffic conditions, etc. These factors will directly or indirectly affect visibility V. For example, visibility will decrease when air pollution is serious; increased exhaust emissions will also reduce visibility when traffic is congested. Therefore, by calculating the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and adjusting visibility V accordingly, the impact of multiple factors on urban planning can be comprehensively considered to achieve more comprehensive and scientific planning; By iteratively adjusting visibility V, we can ensure that on-site survey data is more accurate and reliable, providing a more solid foundation for urban planning. Based on the iteratively adjusted visibility V, we can formulate planning schemes that are more in line with actual conditions and needs, improve the scientificity and feasibility of planning, and by improving environmental factors such as visibility, we can improve the quality of life and happiness of residents and promote the sustainable development of the city.

[0030] In the specific implementation process, multiple modules in this method are used to form a survey system. The height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value are substituted into the slope planning submodule, and the terrain slope value SLATD is output based on the soil type PDB, the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal A3. The calculation of the terrain slope value SLATD not only considers the traditional ratio of height difference to horizontal distance, but also incorporates the influence of soil hardness and soil type, making the assessment of terrain slope more accurate, which helps to better avoid geological disaster risks such as landslides and mud-rock flows in the planning process; Substitute the terrain slope value SLATD into the visibility submodule, and output the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS based on the sensitivity coefficient k, the height HU of the buildings around the observation point, the height HS of the observation point and the visibility v. The calculation of the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS not only takes into account the building height, the observation point height and the visibility, but also calculates the influence of the influencing factors on the field of vision through a complex mathematical model, which provides a more accurate visual analysis basis for urban planning, helps to optimize the urban landscape layout and improve the quality of life of residents; The terrain slope value SLATD and the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS are substituted into the planning index submodule, and the weights of each component are adjusted based on α, β, γ, θ and ω. Then, the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX is output based on the population density LP, traffic flow TT and green coverage rate DEHG. The calculation of the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX combines multiple factors such as slope, visibility, population density, traffic flow and green coverage rate through weighted sum, providing a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation standard for urban planning, which helps decision makers weigh the pros and cons in multiple dimensions and formulate more scientific and reasonable planning schemes. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and the target comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX op The difference between the two is calculated, and the change range of visibility V is controlled by adjusting the coefficient BR, and the updated visibility V is output. newBy iteratively adjusting visibility V and based on the real-time comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX value, visibility V can more accurately reflect the current environmental conditions and provide more accurate data support for urban planning. By calculating the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and adjusting visibility V accordingly, the impact of various factors on urban planning can be comprehensively considered to achieve comprehensive and scientific planning. Based on the iteratively adjusted visibility V, a planning scheme that is more in line with actual conditions and needs can be formulated, thereby improving the scientificity and feasibility of planning. This allows the various sub-modules to cooperate with each other in calculations, and to perform overall cycles and iterations, so that the overall system has the effect of automatic optimization and updating, and thus better adaptability.

[0031] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 ,The analysis module uses GIS software and data analysis tools to analyze the ,terrain slope value, line of sight visibility index and ,comprehensive evaluation index to identify problems and risk points in the planning, and ,then propose corresponding solutions or suggestions.

[0032] In this embodiment: GIS software is a geographic information system software, which is an important tool for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing geographic spatial data. The software is widely used in many fields such as urban planning, environmental management, transportation logistics, public safety, etc., and the terrain slope value, line of sight visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index can be efficiently compared and analyzed through the software, so as to facilitate the proposal of corresponding solutions and suggestions based on the analysis results of the software.

[0033] The acquisition module uses a total station, GPS locator and laser rangefinder to collect the height difference and horizontal distance between measuring points within the survey range, and samples the soil within the survey range and obtains the soil hardness value after the samples are analyzed in the laboratory.

[0034] In this embodiment: data is collected on the target area and range to be surveyed by high-precision instruments, thereby providing support for subsequent calculation modules, and high-precision data collection helps to reduce calculation errors and improve calculation accuracy.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A field survey method for urban planning, characterized in that: The survey methods include: Step 1: First, form a survey team and collect topographic maps, meteorological data and information on existing buildings in the survey area. Determine the specific survey scope according to the needs of urban planning and prepare survey instruments. Step 2: Use the acquisition module to survey the specific survey range, measure the height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value; Step 3: Based on the data processing module, the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value are sorted, and the integrity of the data is checked, and the abnormal data is reviewed; Step 4: Input the height difference between the measuring points, the horizontal distance between the measuring points and the soil hardness value into the calculation module, and the calculation module outputs the terrain slope value, the line of sight visibility index and the comprehensive evaluation index; Step 5: Analyze and judge the terrain slope value, line of sight visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index based on the analysis module, identify problems and potential risk points in urban planning, and then prepare a survey report accordingly.

2. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation module comprises: Slope planning submodule, visibility submodule, planning index submodule and loop adjustment submodule.

3. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the slope planning submodule is as follows: ； in: SLATD represents the terrain slope value; △HA represents the height difference between the measuring points, △HB represents the horizontal distance between the measuring points, arctan represents the inverse tangent function, PDA represents the soil hardness value, PDB represents the soil type, A1 and A2 represent the weight coefficients of PDA and PDB respectively, A3 represents the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal, W1 represents the conversion coefficient, △HA / △HB represents the ratio between the slope height difference and the horizontal distance, 1+A1×PDA+A2×PDB represents the degree of slope adjustment, and cos(A3×W1) represents the influence of wind direction on slope perception; The processing process of the slope planning submodule is as follows: The height difference between the measurement points, the horizontal distance between the measurement points and the soil hardness value are substituted into the slope planning submodule, and the terrain slope value SLATD is output based on the soil type PDB, the angle between the wind direction and the slope normal A3.

4. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the visibility submodule is as follows: ； in: VBLAJS represents the sight visibility index; e represents a constant, k represents a sensitivity coefficient, HU represents the height of buildings around the observation point, HS represents the height of the observation point, v represents visibility, and (HU-HS) / v represents the degree of obstruction of the view of the observation point by the building; The processing of the visibility submodule is as follows: The terrain slope value SLATD is substituted into the visibility submodule, and the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS is output based on the sensitivity coefficient k, the height HU of the buildings around the observation point, the height HS of the observation point and the visibility v.

5. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the planning index submodule is as follows: ； in: CPHIEX stands for Comprehensive Evaluation Index; α, β, γ, θ, ω represent the influencing parameters of SLATD, VBLAJS, LP, TT and DEHG respectively, LP represents population density, TT represents traffic flow, DEHG represents green coverage, Log (LP+1) represents the processing formula of population density, TT / (1+TT) represents the expression of normalized traffic flow; The processing process of the planning index submodule is as follows: the terrain slope value SLATD and the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS are substituted into the planning index submodule together, and the weights of each component are adjusted based on α, β, γ, θ and ω, and then the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX is output based on the population density LP, traffic flow TT and green coverage rate DEHG.

6. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 5, characterized in that: The processing process of the loop adjustment submodule is as follows: Step I: V new =V old +BR×(CPHIEX-CPHIEX op ); Step II: Establish loop termination constraints; Constraint 1: |V new -V old |<OU; Constraint 2: The number of iterations is 82; in: V new Indicates updated visibility; BR represents adjustment factor, CPHIEX op represents the comprehensive evaluation index of the target, V new -V old It represents the difference between the updated visibility V and the previous visibility V; Based on the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX and the target comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX op The difference between the two is calculated, and the change range of visibility V is controlled by adjusting the coefficient BR, and the updated visibility V is output. new , the updated visibility V new The visibility v in the visibility submodule is replaced to continuously affect the line of sight visibility index VBLAJS and the comprehensive evaluation index CPHIEX, and the purpose of iterative termination convergence is achieved through constraints one and two.

7. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analysis module uses GIS software and data analysis tools to analyze terrain slope values, line of sight visibility index and comprehensive evaluation index to identify problems and risk points in planning, and then propose corresponding solutions or suggestions.

8. The on-site survey method for urban planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition module uses a total station, a GPS locator and a laser rangefinder to collect the height difference and the horizontal distance between the measuring points within the survey range, and samples the soil within the survey range and obtains the soil hardness value after the samples are analyzed in the laboratory.

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