Enterprise environment risk assessment method and device related to heavy metal industry and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental risk assessment, and particularly discloses a heavy metal industry-related enterprise environmental risk assessment method and device and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an index system of heavy metal industry-related enterprise environmental risk assessment according to related enterprise pollution characteristics and risk characteristics; an analytic hierarchy process is adopted to construct an environmental risk assessment model for the heavy metal-related industries, and a T.L.Saty1-9 scaling method is combined with a Delphi method to determine the weight value of each evaluation index in the index system, so that a scoring standard corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model is obtained; collecting and classifying characteristic data required by the enterprise, and obtaining a weighted average value of each evaluation index of the enterprise according to the environmental risk evaluation model and the scoring standard to obtain an enterprise environmental risk score; and establishing a risk grading gradient, and performing comparison based on the environmental risk score to obtain an enterprise environmental risk grade.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of environmental risk assessment, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for environmental risk assessment of enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry. Background Art

[0002] In the mining, smelting, processing and commodity manufacturing of heavy metals, the wastewater, waste gas and solid waste generated contain a large amount of toxic and harmful heavy metal pollutants, which then enter the atmosphere, water and soil environment and undergo migration and transformation. Some heavy metals are enriched by organisms and enter the human body through the food chain, causing harm to human health and environmental safety. Heavy metal pollution is characterized by long-term, cumulative, latent and irreversible nature. Objectively assessing the environmental risks of enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry will provide an effective management basis for enterprises and local management departments to scientifically and accurately control pollution, which is of great significance to the effective prevention and control of environmental risks involving heavy metals in my country.

[0003] At present, my country has successively promulgated a number of relevant technical documents to provide guidance for enterprises to carry out environmental risk assessment, including "Guidelines for Risk Assessment of Sudden Environmental Events in Enterprises (Trial)" (Environmental Protection Office

[2014] No. 34), "Enterprise Sudden Environmental Event Risk Grading Method" (HJ941-2018), "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment - Method for Classifying Environmental Risk Levels for Crude Lead Smelting Enterprises", "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment - Method for Classifying Environmental Risk Levels for Chlor-alkali Enterprises", "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment - Method for Classifying Environmental Risk Levels for Sulfuric Acid Enterprises", "Technical Methods for Environmental Risk Assessment of Key Environmental Management Hazardous Chemicals", etc. These technical methods are only applicable to the assessment of sudden environmental risks. Domestic assessment methods for cumulative environmental risks are still in their infancy, and assessment methods that focus on both sudden and cumulative environmental risks have not been reported. At the same time, the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution" (Environmental Solids

[2022] No. 17) clearly stated that the six major industries involving heavy metals include heavy non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, heavy non-ferrous metal smelting, lead-acid battery manufacturing, electroplating, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, and leather tanning. At present, there are no environmental risk assessment methods directly applicable to the above-mentioned heavy metal-related industries. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an environmental risk assessment method, device and storage medium for enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that there is a lack of an assessment method suitable for enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry that comprehensively considers sudden and cumulative environmental risks.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present application provides an environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry, comprising the following steps: constructing an index system for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to the pollution characteristics and risk characteristics of the relevant enterprises;

[0006] The analytic hierarchy process is used to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries, and the weight value of each evaluation indicator in the indicator system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method to obtain the scoring standard corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model;

[0007] Collect and classify the characteristic data required by the enterprise, compare it with the environmental risk assessment model and scoring criteria, obtain the weighted average of each evaluation index of the enterprise, and obtain the environmental risk score of the enterprise;

[0008] By formulating a risk classification gradient, the enterprise environmental risk level is obtained based on the environmental risk score.

[0009] Optionally, the indicator system includes three layers, namely, a primary indicator layer, a secondary indicator layer, and a tertiary indicator layer;

[0010] The first-level indicator layer is divided into enterprise indicators and environmental indicators;

[0011] The secondary indicator layer of the enterprise indicators includes heavy metal pollution risk level and heavy metal pollution risk control level, and the secondary indicator layer of the environmental indicators is the surrounding environment sensitivity.

[0012] Optionally, the use of the analytic hierarchy process to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries includes:

[0013] The hierarchical analysis method is used to construct a hierarchical structure model of the entire indicator system and a judgment matrix. The formula of the judgment matrix is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, Ail represents the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al, which is divided into five levels: equally important, slightly important, relatively important, very important, absolutely important, Ail is the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al. i With A l Each represents one of the third-level indicator layer evaluation indicators corresponding to one of the second-level indicator layer evaluation indicators, and k is the number of evaluation indicators of the third-level indicator layer.

[0016] Optionally, the weight value of each evaluation index in the index system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method, specifically including:

[0017] The Delphi method and TLSaaty1-9 scaling method are used to compare the evaluation indicators of all three-level indicator layers in the indicator system at the same level, and the relative importance between the two is judged based on the constructed judgment matrix;

[0018] The quantitative results of the comparison of the importance of the evaluation indicators are fed back to the judgment matrix framework to form a judgment matrix with mathematical calculation capabilities, and the weighted arithmetic mean of the eigenvectors of the judgment matrix is ​​calculated to obtain the weight value of each evaluation indicator of the indicator system.

[0019] Optionally, it also includes:

[0020] The judgment matrix consistency CR is tested. When CR≤0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency test. The consistency test formula is:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] Among them, CR is the matrix consistency test coefficient, CI is the matrix consistency compatibility index, RI is the average random consistency index, λmax is the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, and n is the non-zero eigenvalue.

[0024] Optionally, obtaining the scoring criteria corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model specifically includes:

[0025] The weights of evaluation indicators at each level in the indicator system are obtained through the AHP model. According to the percentage system, combined with the weights of evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer, the evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer are graded and graded according to the standard.

[0026] Optionally, for enterprises involved in heavy metal mining and selection industries, chemical raw materials and chemical product manufacturing industries, the three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of tailings ponds, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities;

[0027] The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions;

[0028] The three-level indicator layer of the surrounding environmental sensitivity includes: the wind direction of the dominant wind direction of the city, the key area for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the river basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal excessive section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal excessive area, the catchment scope of the cultivated land heavy metal excessive area, and the implementation of the environmental protection distance;

[0029] For enterprises involved in heavy metal smelting, electroplating, lead-acid battery manufacturing, and leather tanning, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, annual generation of hazardous waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of hazardous waste landfills, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities;

[0030] The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions;

[0031] The three-level indicator layers of surrounding environmental sensitivity include: the wind direction of the city's dominant wind direction, the location of the enterprise in key areas of heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal exceeding standard section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal exceeding standard, the watershed scope of the cultivated land heavy metal exceeding standard area, and the implementation of environmental protection distance.

[0032] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also provides an environmental risk assessment device for enterprises in the heavy metal industry, comprising: a memory; and

[0033] A processor connected to the memory, the processor being configured to execute the steps of the method as described above.

[0034] To achieve the above objectives, the present application also provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program implements the steps of the above method when executed by a machine.

[0035] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0036] Through the above method, the problem of the general lack of environmental risk assessment methods for enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry is filled; the hierarchical analysis method is combined with the Delphi method and the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method to construct an environmental risk assessment model, which comprehensively considers the characteristics of sudden environmental risks and cumulative environmental risks, and makes up for the shortcomings of the current existing technical methods that mainly focus on sudden environmental risks. At the same time, it is also more in line with the characteristics of heavy metal pollution, and the assessment results are more referenceable; the assessment method proposed in this application is applicable to the environmental risk assessment of the six major heavy metal industry enterprises specified in the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution" (Environmental Protection

[2022] No. 17), and clarifies the standards for risk grading. The method is simple to use and has strong applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry provided for at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the qualitative judgment and quantification process of the 1-9 scale method of an environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry provided by at least one embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 A module block diagram of an environmental risk assessment device for enterprises in the heavy metal industry provided in at least one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following is a description of the implementation of the present application by specific specific embodiments. People familiar with the technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] It should be noted that the steps in the claims and description of the present application may be executed substantially in parallel or in reverse order under appropriate circumstances, depending on the functions involved.

[0043] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0044] An embodiment of the present application provides an environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry is provided in at least one embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the method may also include additional boxes not shown and / or the boxes shown may be omitted, and the scope of the present application is not limited in this respect.

[0045] At step 101, an indicator system for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry is constructed based on the pollution characteristics and risk features of the relevant enterprises.

[0046] In some embodiments, the indicator system includes three layers, namely, a primary indicator layer, a secondary indicator layer, and a tertiary indicator layer. The primary indicator layer considers the two levels of sudden environmental risks and cumulative environmental risks, and is divided into enterprise indicators and environmental indicators;

[0047] The secondary indicator layer of the enterprise indicators includes heavy metal pollution risk level and heavy metal pollution risk control level, and the secondary indicator layer of the environmental indicators is the surrounding environment sensitivity;

[0048] The setting of the three-level indicator layer varies according to the pollution production and emission characteristics of the six major industry types specified in the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution" (Environmental Protection

[2022] No. 17), namely, heavy non-ferrous metal mining and dressing, heavy non-ferrous metal smelting, lead-acid battery manufacturing, electroplating, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, and leather tanning processing.

[0049] In some embodiments, in step 101, the three-level indicator layers of the six major industries have different characteristics in specific industries, and the three-level indicator settings of the heavy metal pollution risk level in the enterprise indicators are different. The three-level indicator contents of the heavy metal pollution risk control level in the enterprise indicators and the surrounding environment sensitivity of the environmental indicators are consistent. Specifically,

[0050] For enterprises involved in heavy metal mining and selection, chemical raw materials and chemical product manufacturing industries, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes 15 evaluation indicators, namely: ① cumulative production time, ② clean production level, ③ production scale, ④ annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, ⑤ annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, ⑥ annual generation of general solid waste, ⑦ storage of risky substances, ⑧ supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, ⑨ setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, ⑩ supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, Excessive discharge of heavy metal wastewater in the past five years Excessive discharge of heavy metal wastewater in the past five years General solid waste collection and treatment facilities, Cumulative operation time of tailings pond, The supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities; the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk control level includes 6 evaluation indicators, namely: ① the supporting conditions of emergency facilities, ② the supporting conditions of online monitoring devices, ③ the establishment and implementation of regular monitoring system, ④ the establishment of heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledgers, ⑤ acceptance conditions, ⑥ the application for pollutant discharge permits; the three-level indicator layer of surrounding environmental sensitivity includes 6 evaluation indicators, namely: ① the location of the enterprise in the upwind direction of the city's dominant wind direction, ② the location in the key areas for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, ③ the scope of the river basin where the downstream national or provincial controlled heavy metal excessive sections are located, ④ the scope of the county where the heavy metals in the air environment are excessive, ⑤ the scope of the watershed where the heavy metals in the cultivated land are excessive, and ⑥ the implementation of the environmental protection distance.

[0051] For enterprises involved in heavy metal smelting, electroplating, lead-acid battery manufacturing, and leather tanning, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes 16 evaluation indicators, namely: ① cumulative production time, ② clean production level, ③ production scale, ④ annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, ⑤ annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, ⑥ annual generation of general solid waste, ⑦ annual generation of hazardous waste, ⑧ storage of risky substances, ⑨ supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, ⑩ setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, The supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, Excessive discharge of heavy metal wastewater in the past five years Excessive discharge of heavy metal wastewater in the past five years General solid waste collection and treatment facilities, Cumulative operating time of hazardous waste landfills, The supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities; the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk control level includes 6 evaluation indicators, namely: ① the supporting conditions of emergency facilities, ② the supporting conditions of online monitoring devices, ③ the establishment and implementation of regular monitoring system, ④ the establishment of heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledgers, ⑤ acceptance conditions, ⑥ the application for pollutant discharge permits; the three-level indicator layer of surrounding environmental sensitivity includes 6 evaluation indicators, namely: ① the location of the enterprise in the upwind direction of the city's dominant wind direction, ② the location in the key areas for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, ③ the scope of the river basin where the downstream national or provincial controlled heavy metal excessive sections are located, ④ the scope of the county where the heavy metals in the air environment are excessive, ⑤ the scope of the watershed where the heavy metals in the cultivated land are excessive, and ⑥ the implementation of the environmental protection distance.

[0052] At step 102, the analytic hierarchy process is used to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries, and the weight value of each evaluation indicator in the indicator system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method to obtain the scoring standard corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model.

[0053] In some embodiments, the analytic hierarchy process is used to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries, specifically including:

[0054] Step 1021: Use the hierarchical analysis method to construct a hierarchical structure model for the entire indicator system and construct a judgment matrix. The formula of the judgment matrix is:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, Ail represents the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al, which is divided into five levels: equally important, slightly important, relatively important, very important, absolutely important, Ail is the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al. i With A l Each represents one of the third-level indicator layer evaluation indicators corresponding to one of the second-level indicator layer evaluation indicators, and k is the number of evaluation indicators of the third-level indicator layer.

[0057] Step 1022: Using the Delphi method and the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method, the evaluation indicators of all three-level indicator layers in the indicator system are compared at the same level, and the relative importance between the two is judged based on the constructed judgment matrix. In some embodiments, the levels are divided into five levels: equally important, slightly important, relatively important, very important, and absolutely important. In some embodiments, the importance of the evaluation indicators in the judgment matrix is ​​judged back-to-back by more than 20 experts in related fields.

[0058] With indicators A1 and A i Taking pairwise comparison as an example, the qualitative judgment and quantification process of the 1-9 scale method is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0059] Step 1023: Feedback the quantitative results of the importance comparison between the evaluation indicators into the judgment matrix framework to form a judgment matrix with mathematical operation capabilities, calculate the weighted arithmetic mean of the eigenvectors of the judgment matrix, and obtain the weight value of each evaluation indicator of the indicator system.

[0060] Step 1024: When assigning values ​​to the indicators in the judgment matrix in step 2-3, the consistency CR needs to be checked. When CR≤0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency check, otherwise the expert needs to re-judge. The consistency check formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, CR in formula (1) is the matrix consistency test coefficient, CI is the matrix consistency compatibility index, RI is the average random consistency index (fixed value), CI in formula (2) is the matrix consistency compatibility index, λmax is the maximum characteristic root of the matrix, and n is the non-zero characteristic root.

[0063] Step 1025: After completing step 2-2 and step 2-3, the weights of the evaluation indicators at each level in the indicator system can be calculated through the AHP model. According to the percentage system, combined with the weights of the evaluation indicators of the three-level indicator layer, the evaluation indicators of the three-level indicator layer are graded and graded.

[0064] As shown in Table 1, Table 1 is a typical environmental risk assessment system for heavy metal mining enterprises established in some embodiments.

[0065] Table 1:

[0066]

[0067] Table 1 continued:

[0068]

[0069] Table 1 continued:

[0070]

[0071] In step 103, the characteristic data required by the enterprise are collected and classified, and the weighted average of each evaluation index of the enterprise is obtained by comparing it with the environmental risk assessment model and scoring standard to obtain the environmental risk score of the enterprise.

[0072] Specifically, it is necessary to collect relevant information and data of the enterprise to be assessed in accordance with the constructed environmental risk assessment model, determine the score of each evaluation indicator of the enterprise after analysis, calculate the weighted average of each evaluation indicator, and obtain the enterprise risk score of the enterprise to be assessed.

[0073] At step 104, a risk classification gradient is formulated in combination with the research results and the actual local management requirements, and the enterprise environmental risk level is obtained by comparison based on the environmental risk score.

[0074] Specifically, the environmental risk levels are divided into three levels: high risk, greater risk, and general risk.

[0075] In some embodiments, the six industry risk level classification standards are specifically:

[0076] If the enterprise is involved in heavy metal mining and selection industry, a score ≥40 points is high risk, a score of 25≤<40 points is a relatively large risk, and a score <25 points is a general risk.

[0077] If the enterprise is involved in heavy metal smelting, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, electroplating industry or leather tanning processing industry, a score ≥30 points is high risk, a score of 20≤<30 points is a relatively large risk, and a score of <20 points is a general risk.

[0078] If the enterprise type is lead-acid battery manufacturing industry, a score ≥30 points indicates high risk, a score of 25≤<30 points indicates a relatively large risk, and a score <25 points indicates a general risk.

[0079] If an enterprise is involved in multiple industry types at the same time, the risk level shall be calculated separately for the corresponding production lines.

[0080] It should be understood that different scores and levels may exist under different local management or data concentration characteristics.

[0081] The method provided in this application is described below through specific examples:

[0082] Specific example 1: After collecting funds and analyzing and arranging data as follows, it is known that a certain county-related heavy metal mining and dressing enterprise A is a lead-zinc ore dressing plant. The plant has been in operation for 20 years. It has completed environmental impact assessment, acceptance and other procedures as required, and has obtained a pollutant discharge permit. The company's production technology has reached the domestic advanced level, with an annual output of 55,000 tons of lead concentrate. The annual storage of various risk substances in the plant totals 0.5 tons, and does not involve hazardous waste. The annual output of tailings (generally Class I solid waste) is 400,000 tons. A relatively standardized tailings pond is set up for storage, and the tailings pond has been in operation for 20 years. The company has not yet completed the separation of rainwater and sewage, and the next step is to upgrade and transform; the wastewater is partially reused and partially discharged after being treated by a relatively complete purification and treatment facility. The sewage outlet is equipped with online monitoring and is connected to the environmental protection department. The pollutant discharge permit states that the annual discharge of heavy metals in the discharged wastewater is 0.65 tons; the waste gas purification and treatment facilities are complete, and there is no organized waste gas emission. The company conducts regular follow-up monitoring according to the pollutant discharge permit, and has established a key production and discharge ledger of heavy metal-related materials. The enterprise is not located upwind of the urban built-up area, and the county where it is located is not a heavy metal pollution prevention and control area. The water quality of the downstream section meets the standard, the annual ambient air quality of the region meets the standard, and no excessive pollution of surrounding cultivated land has been found. There are no sensitive targets such as residents within the protection distance set by the enterprise. In the past five years of production, no excessive emissions have occurred.

[0083] According to the established environmental risk assessment model and system, after calculation, the environmental risk score of Enterprise A is 30 points, and the risk level of Enterprise A is judged to be a relatively high risk.

[0084] Specific example 2: After collecting funds and analyzing and collating the data as follows, it is known that a certain county-related heavy metal smelting enterprise B is the largest lead smelter in the local area. It is located in an industrial park and has been in operation for 11 years. It has completed environmental impact assessment, acceptance and other procedures as required, and has obtained a pollutant discharge permit. The company produces 60,000 tons of crude lead and 200,000 tons of sulfuric acid annually. The company has carried out clean production audits, and its production process is domestically advanced. The annual storage of various risk substances in the factory totals 300,000 tons. The company has formulated an emergency plan, but the emergency rescue facilities are not complete, and the next step is to be equipped. The production process involves the generation of 7 types of hazardous wastes, with a total annual production of 75,000 tons, of which 30,000 tons are stored in the self-built hazardous waste rigid landfill, which has been built and operated for 6 years; the annual production of water-quenched slag (generally a type of solid waste) is 210,000 tons, all of which are sold for comprehensive utilization as building materials. Only indoor temporary storage is set up, and no general solid waste yard is set up. The factory has achieved rainwater and sewage separation, clean and dirty water separation, and wastewater is treated by complete purification facilities and reused for production without external discharge. The exhaust gas purification facilities are complete, and the exhaust gas discharge outlet is equipped with online monitoring and connected to the environmental protection department. The pollutant discharge permit states that the annual emission of heavy metals in the discharged exhaust gas is 2.5 tons. The company conducts regular follow-up monitoring according to the pollutant discharge permit and has established a production and discharge account for key heavy metal-related materials. The company is located upwind of the urban built-up area, and the county where it is located belongs to the heavy metal pollution prevention and control area. The water quality of the downstream section meets the standard, the annual environmental air quality of the region meets the standard, and no excessive emissions have been found in the surrounding cultivated land. There are about 20 households within the protection distance set by the company that have not yet completed the relocation. In the past five years of production, no excessive emissions have occurred.

[0085] According to the established environmental risk assessment model and system, after calculation, the environmental risk score of Enterprise A is 39 points, and the risk level of Enterprise A is judged to be high risk.

[0086] The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry disclosed in this application has the following advantages:

[0087] (1) This application fills the gap in the current lack of environmental risk assessment methods for enterprises involved in the heavy metal industry;

[0088] (2) This application adopts the hierarchical analysis method combined with the Delphi method and the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method to construct an environmental risk assessment model, which comprehensively considers the characteristics of sudden environmental risks and cumulative environmental risks, making up for the shortcomings of the current existing technical methods that mainly focus on sudden environmental risks. At the same time, it is more in line with the characteristics of heavy metal pollution, and the assessment results are more referenceable;

[0089] (3) The assessment method proposed in this application is applicable to the environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the six major heavy metal industries specified in the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution" (Environmental Protection and Environmental Protection

[2022] No. 17), and clarifies the standards for risk grading. The method is simple to use and has strong applicability.

[0090] Figure 3 A block diagram of a device for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry provided in at least one embodiment of the present application. The device includes:

[0091] A memory 201; and a processor 202 connected to the memory 201, wherein the processor 202 is configured to: construct an index system for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to pollution characteristics and risk characteristics of relevant enterprises;

[0092] The analytic hierarchy process is used to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries, and the weight value of each evaluation indicator in the indicator system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method to obtain the scoring standard corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model;

[0093] Collect and classify the characteristic data required by the enterprise, compare it with the environmental risk assessment model and scoring criteria, obtain the weighted average of each evaluation index of the enterprise, and obtain the environmental risk score of the enterprise;

[0094] By formulating a risk classification gradient, the enterprise environmental risk level is obtained based on the environmental risk score.

[0095] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to: the indicator system includes three layers, namely, a primary indicator layer, a secondary indicator layer, and a tertiary indicator layer;

[0096] The first-level indicator layer is divided into enterprise indicators and environmental indicators;

[0097] The secondary indicator layer of the enterprise indicators includes heavy metal pollution risk level and heavy metal pollution risk control level, and the secondary indicator layer of the environmental indicators is the surrounding environment sensitivity.

[0098] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to: construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries using the analytic hierarchy process, specifically including:

[0099] The hierarchical analysis method is used to construct a hierarchical structure model of the entire indicator system and a judgment matrix. The formula of the judgment matrix is:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, Ail represents the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al, which is divided into five levels: equally important, slightly important, relatively important, very important, absolutely important, Ail is the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al. i With A lEach represents one of the third-level indicator layer evaluation indicators corresponding to one of the second-level indicator layer evaluation indicators, and k is the number of evaluation indicators of the third-level indicator layer.

[0102] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to: determine the weight value of each evaluation indicator in the indicator system by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method, specifically including:

[0103] The Delphi method and TLSaaty1-9 scaling method are used to compare the evaluation indicators of all three-level indicator layers in the indicator system at the same level, and the relative importance between the two is judged based on the constructed judgment matrix;

[0104] The quantitative results of the comparison of the importance of the evaluation indicators are fed back to the judgment matrix framework to form a judgment matrix with mathematical calculation capabilities, and the weighted arithmetic mean of the eigenvectors of the judgment matrix is ​​calculated to obtain the weight value of each evaluation indicator of the indicator system.

[0105] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to:

[0106] The consistency CR of the judgment matrix is ​​tested. When CR≤0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency test. The formula for the consistency test is:

[0107]

[0108] Among them, CR is the matrix consistency test coefficient, CI is the matrix consistency compatibility index, RI is the average random consistency index, λmax is the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, and n is the non-zero eigenvalue.

[0109] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to: obtain the scoring criteria corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model, specifically including:

[0110] The weights of evaluation indicators at each level in the indicator system are obtained through the AHP model. According to the percentage system, combined with the weights of evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer, the evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer are graded and graded according to the standard.

[0111] In some embodiments, the processor 202 is further configured to: for heavy metal mining and selection industries, chemical raw materials and chemical product manufacturing enterprises, the three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of tailings pond, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities;

[0112] The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions;

[0113] The three-level indicator layer of the surrounding environmental sensitivity includes: the wind direction of the dominant wind direction of the city, the key area for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the river basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal excessive section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal excessive area, the catchment scope of the cultivated land heavy metal excessive area, and the implementation of the environmental protection distance;

[0114] For enterprises involved in heavy metal smelting, electroplating, lead-acid battery manufacturing, and leather tanning, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, annual generation of hazardous waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of hazardous waste landfills, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities;

[0115] The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions;

[0116] The three-level indicator layers of surrounding environmental sensitivity include: the wind direction of the city's dominant wind direction, the location of the enterprise in key areas of heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal exceeding standard section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal exceeding standard, the watershed scope of the cultivated land heavy metal exceeding standard area, and the implementation of environmental protection distance.

[0117] The specific implementation method is referred to the aforementioned method embodiment and will not be described in detail here.

[0118] The present application may be a method, an apparatus, a system and / or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium carrying computer-readable program instructions for executing various aspects of the present application.

[0119] Computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions used by an instruction execution device. Computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable storage medium include: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device, for example, a punch card or a convex structure in a groove on which instructions are stored, and any suitable combination thereof. The computer readable storage medium used here is not interpreted as a transient signal itself, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagated by a waveguide or other transmission medium (for example, a light pulse by an optical fiber cable), or an electrical signal transmitted by a wire.

[0120] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to each computing / processing device, or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device via a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network. The network can include copper transmission cables, optical fiber transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. The network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in the computer-readable storage medium in each computing / processing device.

[0121] The computer program instructions for performing the operation of the present application can be assembler instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages, such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" language or similar programming languages. Computer-readable program instructions can be executed completely on a user's computer, partially on a user's computer, executed as an independent software package, partially on a user's computer, partially on a remote computer, or completely on a remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or can be connected to an external computer (for example, using an Internet service provider to connect through the Internet). In some embodiments, by using the state information of a computer-readable program instruction to personalize an electronic circuit, such as a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or a programmable logic array (PLA), the electronic circuit can execute a computer-readable program instruction, thereby realizing various aspects of the present application.

[0122] Various aspects of the present application are described herein with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each box in the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of each box in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.

[0123] These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processing unit of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, thereby producing a machine, so that when these instructions are executed by the processing unit of the computer or other programmable data processing device, a device that implements the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram is generated. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and these instructions cause the computer, programmable data processing device, and / or other equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the computer-readable medium storing the instructions includes a manufactured product, which includes instructions for implementing various aspects of the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0124] Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device so that a series of operating steps are performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby causing the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to implement the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0125] The flow chart and block diagram in the accompanying drawings show the possible architecture, function and operation of the system, method and computer program product according to multiple embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each square box in the flow chart or block diagram can represent a part of a module, program segment or instruction, and a part of the module, program segment or instruction includes one or more executable instructions for realizing the logical function of the specification. In some alternative implementations, the function marked in the square box can also occur in a sequence different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two continuous square boxes can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can also be executed in the opposite order sometimes, depending on the function involved. It should also be noted that each square box in the block diagram and / or flow chart, and the combination of the square boxes in the block diagram and / or flow chart can be realized by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the function or action of the specification, or can be realized by a combination of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0126] Note that, unless otherwise directly stated, all features disclosed in this specification (including any attached claims, abstracts and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features for achieving the same, equivalent or similar purposes. Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly stated, each feature disclosed is only an example of a group of equivalent or similar features. Where used, further, preferably, further and more preferably are simple beginnings for elaborating another embodiment based on the aforementioned embodiment, and the content of the further, preferably, further or more preferably followed by the combination with the aforementioned embodiment constitutes a complete construction of another embodiment. Several further, preferably, further or more preferably settings following the same embodiment can be arbitrarily combined to form another embodiment.

[0127] Although the present application has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements may be made to the present application. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present application all fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Claims

1. A method for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the pollution characteristics and risk features of relevant enterprises, an indicator system for environmental risk assessment of enterprises in the heavy metal industry is established; The analytic hierarchy process is used to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries, and the weight value of each evaluation indicator in the indicator system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method to obtain the scoring standard corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model; Collect and classify the characteristic data required by the enterprise, compare it with the environmental risk assessment model and scoring criteria, obtain the weighted average of each evaluation index of the enterprise, and obtain the environmental risk score of the enterprise; By formulating a risk classification gradient, the enterprise environmental risk level is obtained based on the environmental risk score.

2. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The indicator system includes three layers, namely, the primary indicator layer, the secondary indicator layer, and the tertiary indicator layer; The first-level indicator layer is divided into enterprise indicators and environmental indicators; The secondary indicator layer of the enterprise indicators includes heavy metal pollution risk level and heavy metal pollution risk control level, and the secondary indicator layer of the environmental indicators is the surrounding environment sensitivity.

3. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The use of the analytic hierarchy process to construct environmental risk assessment models for heavy metal-related industries specifically includes: The hierarchical analysis method is used to construct a hierarchical structure model of the entire indicator system and a judgment matrix. The formula of the judgment matrix is: Among them, Ail represents the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al, which is divided into five levels: equally important, slightly important, relatively important, very important, absolutely important, Ail is the relative importance of factor Ai to factor Al. i With A l Each represents one of the third-level indicator layer evaluation indicators corresponding to one of the second-level indicator layer evaluation indicators, and k is the number of evaluation indicators of the third-level indicator layer.

4. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The weight value of each evaluation index in the index system is determined by combining the TLSaaty1-9 scaling method with the Delphi method, specifically including: The Delphi method and TLSaaty1-9 scaling method are used to compare the evaluation indicators of all three-level indicator layers in the indicator system at the same level, and the relative importance between the two is judged based on the constructed judgment matrix; The quantitative results of the comparison of the importance of the evaluation indicators are fed back to the judgment matrix framework to form a judgment matrix with mathematical calculation capabilities, and the weighted arithmetic mean of the eigenvectors of the judgment matrix is ​​calculated to obtain the weight value of each evaluation indicator of the indicator system.

5. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Also includes: The consistency CR of the judgment matrix is ​​tested. When CR≤0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency test. The formula for the consistency test is: Among them, CR is the matrix consistency test coefficient, CI is the matrix consistency compatibility index, RI is the average random consistency index, λmax is the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, and n is the non-zero eigenvalue.

6. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The scoring criteria corresponding to the environmental risk assessment model are obtained, specifically including: The weights of evaluation indicators at each level in the indicator system are obtained through the AHP model. According to the percentage system, combined with the weights of evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer, the evaluation indicators at the three-level indicator layer are graded and graded according to the standard.

7. The environmental risk assessment method for enterprises in the heavy metal industry according to claim 2 is characterized in that: For enterprises involved in heavy metal mining and selection, chemical raw materials and chemical product manufacturing industries, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual discharge of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of tailings ponds, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities; The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions; The three-level indicator layer of the surrounding environmental sensitivity includes: the wind direction of the dominant wind direction of the city, the key area for heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the river basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal excessive section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal excessive area, the catchment scope of the cultivated land heavy metal excessive area, and the implementation of the environmental protection distance; For enterprises involved in heavy metal smelting, electroplating, lead-acid battery manufacturing, and leather tanning, the three-level indicator layer of heavy metal pollution risk level includes: cumulative production time, clean production level, production scale, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in wastewater, annual emission of major heavy metal pollutants in waste gas, annual generation of general solid waste, annual generation of hazardous waste, storage of risk substances, supporting conditions of wastewater collection and treatment facilities, setting of rainwater and sewage diversion system, supporting conditions of waste gas collection and treatment facilities, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, excessive discharge of heavy metal-related wastewater in the past five years, supporting conditions of general solid waste collection and treatment facilities, cumulative operation time of hazardous waste landfills, and supporting conditions of hazardous waste collection and treatment facilities; The three-level indicator layer of the heavy metal pollution risk control level includes: emergency facilities supporting conditions, online monitoring equipment supporting conditions, regular monitoring system establishment and implementation, heavy metal pollutant production and discharge ledger establishment, acceptance conditions, and pollution discharge permit application conditions; The three-level indicator layers of surrounding environmental sensitivity include: the wind direction of the city's dominant wind direction, the location of the enterprise in key areas of heavy metal pollution prevention and control, the basin scope of the downstream national or provincial heavy metal exceeding standard section, the county scope of the air environment heavy metal exceeding standard, the watershed scope of the cultivated land heavy metal exceeding standard area, and the implementation of environmental protection distance.

8. An environmental risk assessment device for enterprises in the heavy metal industry, characterized in that: include: Memory; as well as A processor connected to the memory, the processor being configured to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a machine, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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