Matrix cultivation method for blueberries

Abstract

The invention provides a substrate cultivation method for blueberries, which is characterized in that tissue culture seedlings are planted in a container filled with a cultivation substrate, and the cultivation substrate comprises an annular cylindrical porous substrate and a formula substrate; the annular cylindrical porous matrix and the formula matrix are put into a container, the annular cylindrical porous matrix is buried in the formula matrix, and tissue culture seedlings are planted in the formula matrix in the annular cylinder of the porous matrix. The annular cylindrical porous substrate is matched with the formula substrate to quickly absorb and diffuse the nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution is more uniformly distributed on the whole culture substrate; the annular cylindrical porous substrate also has a water storage function and can store a nutrient solution, and when the water content of the surrounding formula substrate is reduced, the nutrient solution stored in the annular cylindrical porous substrate can be diffused to the surrounding formula substrate to play a buffering role; the ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the annular cylindrical porous matrix promotes degradation of amino acid, and absorption of nitrogen in organic matter by plants is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a substrate cultivation method for blueberries. Background Art

[0002] Blueberry is a fruit that is both delicious and nutritious. In recent years, it has been gradually accepted and recognized by consumers, and the planting area has also been gradually expanding. The current planting methods are mainly open-field and matrix cultivation, and the latter has gradually become mainstream. Matrix potting can regulate and control the root environment of blueberries throughout the growth period, and can avoid many problems under soil cultivation. Generally speaking, matrix cultivation adopts a water-fertilizer integrated system, but since blueberries are shallow-rooted and oligofertile plants, they are particularly sensitive to water and fertilizer, and cannot be too waterlogged or too dry, especially poor tolerance to high-concentration fertilizers. Moreover, blueberries are also very sensitive to pH, and the most suitable environmental pH is between 4.2 and 5.5. This puts higher requirements on the cultivation matrix and drip irrigation system. However, in the prior art, when irrigating and fertilizing blueberry plants with nutrient solution, generally, drip irrigation equipment is used above the container where the blueberry plants are planted. Due to the insufficient penetration rate of the matrix, it is easy to cause uneven distribution of nutrients received by the entire root system, with some nutrient solution being excessive and some nutrient solution being difficult to reach. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a substrate cultivation method for blueberries.

[0004] The technical scheme for achieving the purpose of the present invention is as follows: A blueberry substrate cultivation method comprises planting tissue culture seedlings in a container filled with a cultivation substrate, wherein the cultivation substrate comprises an annular cylindrical porous substrate and a formula substrate; Putting the annular cylindrical porous matrix and the formula matrix into a container, burying the annular cylindrical porous matrix in the formula matrix, and planting tissue culture seedlings in the formula matrix in the porous matrix annular cylinder; The formula cultivation matrix is ​​composed of acidic peat: desalted coconut shell: pine bark: perlite = 4:2:2:2 in mass ratio; mix; The annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​made of acidic peat as the matrix, accompanied by 20% by mass of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and polyether polyurethane is used as an adhesive to make the porous matrix body, with a total porosity of 80% and a density of 0.25g / cm 3 .

[0005] The tissue culture seedlings are 15 cm high, and the root mass of the seedlings reaches 70% of the mass of the seedling medium.

[0006] The container is a 25-30 L basin or bag made of anti-oxidation PE material, with ventilation holes evenly distributed on the bottom.

[0007] The container is equipped with a drainage collection base for daily monitoring of EC and pH.

[0008] In the matrix cultivation method, 2 to 3 days before planting, the cultivation matrix is ​​soaked with nutrient solution 2 to 3 times until the EC and pH of the drainage liquid are the same as those of the irrigation liquid.

[0009] The porous matrix cultivation method adopts a water-fertilizer integrated system for irrigation; watering is performed 3 to 5 times a day, each time for 10 to 15 minutes; irrigation and fertilization are performed simultaneously.

[0010] The substrate cultivation method comprises applying 400 g / L fish protein diluted 2000 times before dormancy.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The annular cylindrical porous matrix cooperates with the formula matrix to quickly absorb and diffuse the nutrient solution, so that the nutrient solution is more evenly distributed throughout the cultivation matrix; the annular cylindrical porous matrix also has the function of storing water, which can store nutrient solution or water. When the water content of the surrounding formula matrix decreases, the nutrient solution stored in itself can be diffused to the surrounding formula matrix to play a buffering role; the ZSM-5 molecular sieve in the annular cylindrical porous matrix promotes the degradation of amino acids, which helps plants absorb nitrogen in organic matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a physical picture of the annular cylindrical porous matrix (left partial stereoscopic view and right partial side view).

[0013] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of drip irrigation in which the cultivation medium is composed of porous matrix and formula matrix.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the cultivation matrix composed of porous matrix and formula matrix for planting blueberry tissue culture seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0016] A substrate cultivation method for blueberries, 1) Prepare the matrix formula: acid peat: desalted coconut shell: pine bark: perlite = 4:2:2:2 (mass ratio) and mix.

[0017] 2) Prepare an annular cylindrical porous matrix, using acidic peat as the matrix and 20% (mass ratio) of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown.

[0018] 2.1) The annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​made of acidic peat as the matrix, accompanied by 20% (mass ratio) ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and a porous matrix body made of polyether polyurethane as an adhesive, with a total porosity of 80% and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 .

[0019] 2.2) The annular cylindrical porous matrix has the characteristics of rapid liquid diffusion and water storage: (a) The annular cylinder has dense micropores (micropores caused by polyether polyurethane and highly absorbent nanopores of the molecular sieve itself), which enables it to quickly absorb and diffuse the nutrient solution.

[0020] (b) The diffusion rate of the nutrient solution in the annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​significantly faster than the diffusion rate between the annular cylindrical porous matrix and the formula matrix. When the annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​saturated with nutrient solution, it is equivalent to a large water column, which can quickly and evenly transport nutrient solution to the surrounding matrix in contact with it. The test shows that this device significantly delays the drainage time and significantly increases the water content of the matrix before the drainage begins (Table 1).

[0021] (c) The annular cylindrical porous matrix also has the function of storing water. It can store nutrient solution. When the water content of the surrounding formula matrix decreases, the nutrient solution stored in it can be diffused to the surrounding formula matrix to play a buffering role.

[0022]

[0023] d) ZSM-5 molecular sieve promotes amino acid degradation: ZSM-5 molecular sieve is acidic, and the surface acidity of the molecular sieve can catalyze the decomposition of amino acids or polypeptides. The molecular sieve has many channels and holes with uniform pore sizes. This structure enables it to provide a large number of active sites in the catalytic reaction. The degradation of amino acids was promoted under the acidic conditions of the nutrient solution pH of 4.0~5.5 in the blueberry matrix cultivation. It can be clearly seen from Table 2 that the matrix basin equipped with porous matrix annular cylinders significantly promoted the decomposition of amino acids.

[0024]

[0025] 3) Place the porous matrix annular cylinder and the formula matrix into a container, bury the porous matrix annular cylinder in the formula matrix, and plant the tissue culture seedlings in the formula matrix in the porous matrix annular cylinder ( Figure 2 , Figure 3 ).

[0026] 4) Select tissue culture seedlings with a height of 15 cm and the root mass of the seedlings reaching 70% of the base mass.

[0027] 5) Use 25-30 L pots or bags made of antioxidant PE material with evenly distributed ventilation holes at the bottom to ensure good drainage and air permeability of the cultivation medium; the pots or bags are equipped with a drainage collection base for daily monitoring of EC and pH.

[0028] 6) 2 to 3 days before transplanting, soak the cultivation medium with nutrient solution 2 to 3 times until the EC and pH of the drainage liquid are the same as those of the irrigation liquid.

[0029] 7) Before transplanting, break the root ball of the tissue culture seedlings, shake off the original soil, place the tissue culture seedlings in the prepared porous matrix ring cylinder, and stretch the roots in the matrix. Gently shake the seedlings to make the roots close to the matrix; the depth of 1 cm is appropriate.

[0030] 8) Irrigation Irrigation uses a water-fertilizer integrated system. Water 3 to 5 times a day, 10 to 15 minutes each time. Irrigation and fertilization are carried out simultaneously, and different nutrient solutions are applied in different growth stages. The basic principle is to promote first and control later, and adjust according to the growth of the plants. Apply fish protein diluted about 2000 times before dormancy. Use ZSM-5 molecular sieve to promote amino acid degradation under acidic conditions for easy plant absorption.

[0031] The embodiments described above can be further combined or replaced, and the embodiments are only descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is given by the attached claims and any equivalent technical solutions thereof.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating blueberries in a substrate, characterized in that: Planting tissue culture seedlings in a container filled with a cultivation matrix, wherein the cultivation matrix includes an annular cylindrical porous matrix and a formula matrix; Putting the annular cylindrical porous matrix and the formula matrix into a container, burying the annular cylindrical porous matrix in the formula matrix, and planting tissue culture seedlings in the formula matrix in the porous matrix annular cylinder; The formula cultivation matrix is ​​composed of acidic peat: desalted coconut shell: pine bark: perlite = 4:2:2:2 in mass ratio; mix; The annular cylindrical porous matrix is ​​made of acidic peat as the matrix, accompanied by 20% by mass of ZSM-5 molecular sieve, and uses polyether polyurethane as an adhesive to make the porous matrix body, with a total porosity of 80% and a density of 0.25g / cm 2 .

2. The substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The tissue culture seedlings are 15 cm high, and the root mass of the seedlings reaches 70% of the mass of the seedling medium.

3. The substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The container is a 25L-30L basin or bag made of anti-oxidation PE material, with ventilation holes evenly distributed on the bottom.

4. The porous matrix cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The container is equipped with a drainage collection base for daily monitoring of EC and pH.

5. The substrate cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2 to 3 days before planting, soak the cultivation medium with nutrient solution 2 to 3 times until the EC and pH of the drainage liquid are the same as those of the irrigation liquid.

6. The porous matrix cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Irrigation uses a water-fertilizer integrated system; watering is done 3 to 5 times a day, each time for 10 to 15 minutes; irrigation and fertilization are carried out simultaneously.

7. The substrate cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before dormancy, 400 g / L of fish protein was diluted 2000 times and applied.

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