Machining process of vehicle axle housing

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile axle housing machining, and particularly relates to a machining process of an automobile axle housing, which comprises the following specific steps: S1, cutting: cutting a steel plate material required by machining according to the size in a drawing design, and polishing the edge of the cut steel plate material; s2, stamping is conducted, specifically, the cut steel plates are sequentially placed into a die, a stamping machine is used for conducting stamping forming, and stamping parts comprise an integral structure of a rear cover, an upper shell piece and a lower shell piece; according to the step, a punching machine is used for carrying out punch forming on the steel plate to replace traditional bending and welding forming steps, the procedures of reproduction of rear cover parts, circumferential weld joints, rear cover welding, straight seam welding and the like are omitted, the welding steps are simplified, the probability of weld joint leakage is reduced, the structural strength of the axle housing is improved, and the production speed of the axle housing structure is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile axle housing processing, in particular to a processing technology of a vehicle axle housing. Background Art

[0002] The vehicle axle housing is an important component of the car. Its main function is to support and protect transmission components such as the main reducer, differential and half shafts.

[0003] The vehicle axle housing is a rigid hollow beam supported on the left and right driving wheels, connected to the frame or carriage through a longitudinal leaf spring. The characteristics of the axle housing are sufficient strength and rigidity, and small mass, which is convenient for the disassembly and adjustment of the main reducer. The axle housing is divided into integral axle housing, split axle housing and combined axle housing. The integral axle housing is a whole hollow beam, and the axle housing and the main reducer housing are two bodies. The integral axle housing has the advantages of high rigidity and strength, reliable operation, etc., and is suitable for commercial vehicles with large load mass; However, in the existing vehicle bridge shell processing technology, a large number of welding operations are often required during the production and processing of the bridge shell to ensure appropriate connection strength and quality. This not only makes the weld processing steps extremely cumbersome, but also easily causes deformation and other problems during the welding process, resulting in cumbersome weld processing steps, affecting the processing speed, and then seriously affecting the processing speed and accuracy, increasing production costs and time costs, which is not conducive to large-scale and efficient production.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a processing technology for a vehicle axle housing. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a processing technology for a vehicle bridge shell described in the present invention, the specific steps of the processing technology are as follows: S1, cutting: cutting the steel plate material required for processing according to the size in the drawing design, and grinding the edge of the cut steel plate material; S2, stamping: putting the cut steel plates into the mold in order, using a stamping machine to stamp and form, the stamped parts include the overall structure of the rear cover, the upper shell piece and the lower shell piece; S3, welding: assembling the stamped workpieces together and fixing them, and using welding equipment to weld the bridge shell structure together; S4, drilling: drilling the welded bridge shell structure Drill holes on the hole equipment according to the design requirements to facilitate the installation and fixation of other components; S5, grinding: the welded bridge shell structure is ground with a grinding wheel or other grinding tools, the welds are ground and polished, and the bridge shell surface is trimmed and defects are removed; S6, spraying: after the bridge shell is processed, the bridge shell surface is sprayed with spraying equipment; this step uses a stamping machine to stamp the steel plate instead of the traditional bending and welding steps, cancels the reproduction of the rear cover parts, the girth weld, the welding of the rear cover and the welding of the straight seam, simplifies the welding steps, reduces the probability of weld leakage, improves the structural strength of the bridge shell, and increases the production speed of the bridge shell structure.

[0007] Preferably, the nominal pressure of the punching machine described above is selected to be 1500kN-2000kN; this step improves the efficiency of product production by adopting a punching machine with a higher nominal pressure, improves the accuracy of product production by large stamping, improves the consistency of the production size of each product, reduces the generation of waste, improves the utilization rate of materials, and the surface of the workpiece after stamping is smooth and uniform, which is convenient for subsequent processing steps.

[0008] Preferably, the drilling equipment described above adopts a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit; this step realizes the requirement of completing drilling with one clamping by setting up a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit, reduces the situation where the accuracy of the workpiece is reduced due to repeated clamping, improves the accuracy of workpiece processing, and improves the production quality of the product.

[0009] Preferably, the roughness of the bridge shell surface grinding and polishing is Ra≤10um, and the coating adopts anti-corrosion coating; this step improves the adhesion of the coating and the appearance quality of the workpiece by controlling the surface roughness of the bridge shell, and the coating material is an anti-corrosion material, which reduces the corrosion of the bridge shell and increases the service life of the bridge shell.

[0010] Preferably, the bridge housing workpiece is cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner before the spraying operation, and then the workpiece is dried with a drying device; this step cleans the bridge housing structure, removes grease or stains on the surface of the bridge housing, improves the cleanliness of the workpiece surface, improves the adhesion of the paint on the workpiece surface, improves the quality of the workpiece surface spraying, and reduces the occurrence of rust on the workpiece.

[0011] Preferably, the steel plate material is 485MPa grade steel plate material with high formability; the steel plate material is 485MPa grade steel plate material with high formability to increase the structural strength of the bridge shell, reduce deformation of the bridge shell, and increase the service life of the bridge shell structure.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall of the bridge housing end is sprayed with alloy material; spraying the alloy material on the inner wall of the bridge housing end increases the wear resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the bridge housing, reduces abnormal wear of the bridge housing, increases the service life of the bridge housing, and improves the stability of the vehicle during operation.

[0013] Preferably, the bridge shell is placed in a wooden box for storage after production; after the bridge shell is produced, it is placed in a wooden box for storage, which can reduce the damage caused by bumps when the bridge shell is placed, and improve the quality of bridge shell structure production.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The processing technology of a vehicle bridge shell described in the present invention uses a stamping machine to stamp steel plates to replace the traditional bending and welding steps, eliminates the processes of reproducing rear cover parts, circumferential welding, welding rear cover and straight seam welding, simplifies welding steps, reduces the probability of weld leakage, improves the structural strength of the bridge shell, and increases the production speed of the bridge shell structure.

[0015] 2. The processing technology of a vehicle bridge housing described in the present invention improves the efficiency of product production by adopting a stamping machine with a higher nominal pressure. Large stamping improves the accuracy of product production, improves the consistency of the production size of each product, reduces the generation of waste, and improves the utilization rate of materials. The surface of the workpiece after stamping is smooth and uniform, which is convenient for subsequent processing steps. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart for implementing the processing technology of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, a processing technology of a vehicle bridge shell of an embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of the processing technology are as follows: S1, cutting: cutting the steel plate material required for processing according to the size in the drawing design, and grinding the edge of the cut steel plate material; S2, stamping: putting the cut steel plates into the mold in sequence, using a stamping machine to stamp and form, the stamped parts include the overall structure of the rear cover, the upper shell piece and the lower shell piece; S3, welding: assembling the stamped workpieces together and fixing them, and using welding equipment to weld the bridge shell structure together; S4, drilling: drilling the welded bridge shell structure Drill holes on the hole equipment according to the design requirements to facilitate the installation and fixation of other components; S5, grinding: the welded bridge shell structure is ground with a grinding wheel or other grinding tools, the welds are ground and polished, and the bridge shell surface is trimmed and defects are removed; S6, spraying: after the bridge shell is processed, the bridge shell surface is sprayed with spray equipment; during work, first place the steel plate material to be processed on top of the cutting device, and then cut the steel plate material into a suitable size according to the drawing data. When the steel plate material is cut, remove the steel plate material, and burrs will appear on the edge of the steel plate material. , and then use an angle grinder to roughly grind the edges of the cut steel plate material. Lift the roughly ground steel plate material with a gantry truck and then put it into the mold. After the steel plate material is placed inside the mold, use a positioning device to position the steel plate material. When the position of the steel plate material is fixed, the steel plate material can be stamped into shape using a punching machine. After the stamping is completed, cut off the excess part, and then use an assembly rack to assemble the stamped parts together. Use argon arc welding or arc welding to weld them into a whole, and then use drilling equipment to drill holes at the specified position of the bridge shell structure. After the drilling operation is completed, the bridge The bridge shell is lifted, and the bridge shell is in a suspended state. At this time, the welding seams of the bridge shell can be polished with a grinding wheel to remove welding seams and surface defects. The surface of the bridge shell is polished with a grinder. After the polishing is completed, the surface of the bridge shell is sprayed to increase the corrosion resistance of the workpiece, and finally packaged and stored. This step uses a punching machine to stamp the steel plate to replace the traditional bending and welding steps, cancels the reproduction of the rear cover parts, the girth weld, the welding of the rear cover and the welding of the straight seam, simplifies the welding steps, reduces the probability of weld leakage, improves the structural strength of the bridge shell, and increases the production speed of the bridge shell structure. By setting up a series of steps in the vehicle bridge housing processing technology, multi-dimensional optimization is achieved. S1 cutting accurately cuts the steel plate according to the drawing and grinds the edges to ensure that the material is suitable and the edges are smooth. S2 stamping replaces the traditional process, eliminating multiple processes such as the rear cover, simplifying welding, reducing weld risks, strengthening the structure and increasing speed. S3 welding firmly connects the components into the bridge housing body. S4 drilling accurately reserves component positions according to the design. S5 grinds the weld and surface to eliminate stress and defects. S6 sprays to impart corrosion resistance. All steps work together to ensure quality and improve efficiency, creating an efficient and reliable model for bridge housing manufacturing and promoting industry development.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the nominal pressure of the punching machine is selected as 1500kN-2000kN; during operation, after the steel plate material is cut, a gantry car is used to place the steel plate material in the mold, and a punching machine is used to perform punching and forming processing on the steel plate material placed in the mold; this step is produced by using a punching machine with a higher nominal pressure to improve the efficiency of product production, and the large stamping improves the accuracy of product production, improves the consistency of the production size of each product, reduces the generation of waste, and improves the utilization rate of materials. The surface of the workpiece after stamping is smooth and uniform, which is convenient for subsequent process processing; By setting the press to a specific nominal pressure (1500kN - 2000kN), efficient and high-precision processing of the bridge shell stamping process is achieved. In this process, the cut steel plate is accurately placed in the mold by a truss car, and then stamped using this high nominal pressure press. The high pressure makes the forming process rapid, greatly improves production efficiency and reduces processing time.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the drilling equipment mentioned above adopts a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit; during operation, the bridge shell structure to be processed is clamped and fixed on the drilling machine, and holes are drilled at corresponding positions according to design requirements. The drilling equipment adopts a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit, so that the drill bit can be adjusted in multiple directions to adapt to drilling requirements of different positions and sizes; this step realizes the requirement of completing drilling with one clamping by setting a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit, reduces the situation where the accuracy of the bridge shell workpiece is reduced due to repeated clamping, improves the accuracy of bridge shell workpiece processing, and improves the production quality of the product; By setting up such a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit, all drilling requirements can be successfully completed after one clamping operation, effectively avoiding the serious decline in accuracy that is inevitably caused by repeated clamping of the bridge housing workpiece.

[0022] like Figure 1As shown, the roughness of the bridge shell surface grinding and polishing is Ra≤10um, and the paint adopts anti-corrosion paint; during work, after the bridge shell workpiece is welded, the bridge shell surface is ground and polished with a grinding tool to control the roughness of the bridge shell surface within 10um to ensure the adhesion and appearance quality of the bridge shell surface when the paint is applied; this step improves the adhesion of the paint and the appearance quality of the workpiece by controlling the roughness of the bridge shell surface, and the paint material is anti-corrosion material, which reduces the corrosion of the bridge shell and increases the service life of the bridge shell; By setting a grinding and polishing process with specific roughness requirements and selecting a protection strategy for anti-corrosion coatings, the overall performance of the bridge shell surface is optimized and improved. During the grinding and polishing process, the surface roughness of the bridge shell is strictly controlled within Ra≤10um with the help of precise process control, achieving an ideal microscopic morphology. This smooth and uniform surface state effectively increases the contact area between the coating and the bridge shell, significantly improving the adhesion of the coating, thereby ensuring the stability and integrity of the coating during long-term use.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the bridge shell workpiece is cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaning machine before the spraying operation, and then the workpiece is dried with a drying device; during operation, when the bridge shell is processed, grease or foreign matter will adhere to the surface of the bridge shell workpiece, the bridge shell workpiece is placed in the cleaning tank of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, and a detergent is added, the ultrasonic cleaning machine is turned on to clean the workpiece to remove the grease adhered to the surface of the bridge shell workpiece, and the bridge shell is placed in a dryer after cleaning, and the workpiece is dried with the dryer to remove moisture from the surface of the bridge shell workpiece and reduce rust on the bridge shell workpiece; this step cleans the bridge shell structure, removes grease or stains on the surface of the bridge shell, improves the cleanliness of the workpiece surface, improves the adhesion of the paint on the workpiece surface, improves the quality of the workpiece surface spraying, and reduces rust on the workpiece; By setting up a combined ultrasonic cleaning and drying process, the surface condition of the bridge housing workpiece is optimized and upgraded. In this process, with the help of the cavitation effect of ultrasound and the auxiliary effect of the cleaning agent, the deep removal of pollutants such as grease and foreign matter on the surface of the bridge housing is achieved, so that the surface of the bridge housing is restored to a nearly pure state, greatly improving the cleanliness of the workpiece surface.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the steel plate material is a 485MPa grade steel plate material with high formability; during operation, the steel plate material is a 485MPa grade steel plate material with high formability, which increases the structural strength of the bridge shell, reduces the deformation of the bridge shell caused by external forces, and improves the service life of the bridge shell structure; By setting up the application link of high-formability 485MPa grade steel plate material, the all-round enhancement of the bridge shell structural performance is achieved. This specific grade of steel plate material can better adapt to complex process operations such as stamping and bending during the processing due to its excellent formability, which effectively reduces the forming difficulty and scrap rate. At the same time, its high strength characteristics of 485MPa have achieved a significant improvement in the overall structural strength of the bridge shell, greatly enhancing the bridge shell's ability to resist external force impact and bear heavy pressure.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the inner wall of the end of the bridge housing is sprayed with alloy material; during operation, the inner wall of the end of the bridge housing is sprayed with alloy material to increase the wear resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the bridge housing, reduce abnormal wear of the bridge housing, increase the service life of the bridge housing, and improve the stability of the vehicle during operation; By setting up an alloy material spraying process for the inner wall of the bridge housing end, the local key performance of the bridge housing is improved. During the implementation of this process, special alloy materials are sprayed on the inner wall of the bridge housing end. These alloy materials have excellent wear resistance and can effectively reduce the wear rate when the bridge housing and other transmission components are in frequent friction contact, greatly reducing the occurrence of abnormal wear conditions.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the bridge shell is placed in a wooden box for storage after production; during operation, when the bridge shell is produced and needs to be stored, it is placed in a wooden box for storage, which can reduce the damage caused by bumps during placement of the bridge shell and improve the quality of bridge shell structure production; By setting up a wooden box storage method for the bridge shell after production, effective protection of the bridge shell during the storage stage is achieved. After the bridge shell completes the production process, it is properly placed in a special wooden box. The relatively soft and stable environment inside the wooden box effectively buffers the impact force that may be brought by the outside world, and avoids the bridge shell from direct contact with hard objects or accidental collisions during transportation and storage, resulting in surface scratches, dents, and even internal structural damage.

[0027] Working principle: During operation, first place the steel plate material to be processed on top of the cutting device, and then cut the steel plate material into a suitable size according to the drawing data. When the steel plate material is cut, remove the steel plate material. At this time, burrs will appear on the edge of the steel plate material. Then use an angle grinder to roughly grind the edge of the cut steel plate material. Lift the roughly ground steel plate material with a gantry truck and then put it into the mold. After the steel plate material is placed inside the mold, use a positioning device to position the steel plate material. When the position of the steel plate material is fixed, the stamping machine can be used to stamp the steel plate material. Stamping is completed. Finally, the excess parts are cut off, and then the stamped parts are assembled together using an assembly rack, and welded using argon arc welding or arc welding to make them a whole. Then, drilling equipment is used to drill holes at the specified positions of the bridge shell structure. After the drilling operation is completed, the bridge shell is lifted. At this time, the bridge shell is in a suspended state. At this time, the weld of the bridge shell can be grinded with a grinding wheel to remove the weld and surface defects. The surface of the bridge shell is grinded with a grinder. After waiting for the grinding to be completed, the surface of the bridge shell is sprayed to increase the corrosion resistance of the workpiece, and finally packaged and stored; after the steel plate material is cut, a gantry truck is used to lift it The steel plate material is placed in the mold, and a punching machine is used to stamp and form the steel plate material placed in the mold; the bridge shell structure to be processed is clamped and fixed on the drilling machine equipment, and holes are punched at the corresponding positions according to the design requirements. The drilling equipment uses a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit, so that the drill bit can be adjusted in multiple directions to adapt to the drilling requirements of different positions and sizes; after the bridge shell workpiece is welded, the surface of the bridge shell is polished with a grinding tool to control the roughness of the bridge shell surface within 10um to ensure the adhesion and appearance quality of the bridge shell surface when the paint is applied; when the bridge shell is processed, oil will adhere to the surface of the bridge shell workpiece Grease or foreign matter, put the bridge housing workpiece into the cleaning tank of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, add detergent, turn on the ultrasonic cleaning machine to clean the workpiece, remove the grease adhering to the surface of the bridge housing workpiece, put the bridge housing into the dryer after cleaning, use the dryer to dry the workpiece, remove the moisture on the surface of the bridge housing workpiece, and reduce the rust of the bridge housing workpiece; select high-formability 485MPa grade steel plate material for the steel plate material; spray alloy material on the inner wall of the bridge housing end to increase the wear resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of the bridge housing, reduce abnormal wear of the bridge housing, increase the service life of the bridge housing, and improve the stability of the vehicle during operation.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A processing technology for a vehicle axle housing, characterized in that: The specific steps of this processing technology are as follows: S1. Cutting: Cut the steel plate material required for processing according to the size in the drawing design, and grind the edge of the cut steel plate material; S2. Stamping: Put the cut steel plates into the mold in order and use a stamping machine to stamp them. The stamped parts include the overall structure of the back cover, the upper shell and the lower shell; S3, welding: assemble the stamped workpieces together and fix them, and weld the bridge shell structure together using welding equipment; S4. Drilling: The welded bridge shell structure is drilled on the drilling equipment according to the design requirements to facilitate the installation and fixing of other components; S5. Grinding: Grind the welded bridge shell structure with a grinding wheel or other grinding tools to grind and polish the welds, trim the bridge shell surface and remove defects; S6. Spraying: After the bridge shell is processed, use spraying equipment to spray the surface of the bridge shell.

2. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nominal pressure of the punching machine described in S2 is selected to be 1500kN-2000kN.

3. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling equipment described in S4 is a drilling machine with an adjustable drill bit.

4. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The roughness of the bridge housing surface grinding and polishing is Ra≤10um, and the paint is anti-corrosion paint.

5. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before spraying, use an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the bridge housing workpiece, and then use drying equipment to dry the workpiece.

6. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate material is a 485MPa grade steel plate material with high formability.

7. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the end portion of the bridge housing is sprayed with alloy material.

8. The processing technology of a vehicle axle housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axle housing is placed in a wooden box for storage after production.

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