Testing system suitable for bamboo joint pipe type solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides a testing system suitable for a bamboo joint pipe type solid oxide fuel cell, and the system comprises an anode gas circuit which is used for conveying anode gas and / or anode tail gas; the cathode gas path is used for conveying cathode gas and / or cathode tail gas; the SOFC single tube testing device is used for assembling a single cell tube and is respectively communicated with the anode gas path and the cathode gas path, so that the anode gas and the cathode gas are subjected to electrochemical reaction on the single cell tube; the adjusting assemblies are respectively arranged on the anode gas path and the cathode gas path and are used for adjusting output parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas; and the detection assembly is used for collecting and analyzing the performance parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas and the electrochemical performance parameters of the single battery tube. Through the test system provided by the invention, the problems that the current test system is not suitable for bamboo joint tubular battery test, the test condition consistency is poor, the obtained test data is single, and explosion is easy to occur are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a testing system suitable for bamboo tube-type solid oxide fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) can generate electricity directly from fossil fuels and convert chemical energy into electrical energy. It is not restricted by the Carnot cycle and is an efficient and clean power generation device with wide fuel applicability and rich application fields. It is especially suitable for distributed power generation and cogeneration systems. Therefore, it is considered to be the most promising green power generation device at this stage. For China, which needs to import a large amount of oil but has relatively abundant natural gas resources, the efficient and clean conversion and utilization of light alkanes such as methane and ethane has important strategic significance for national energy security.

[0003] According to the structural form, SOFC can be divided into many structures such as flat plate, tubular, corrugated, etc. Among them, the tubular structure has become a hot spot in SOFC research due to its advantages such as easy sealing, long-term structural stability, and simple assembly. Tubular SOFC can be expanded and combined into a large-scale battery system through battery modules.

[0004] In the research and development process of tubular solid oxide fuel cells, battery performance testing plays a very important role as a link to verify whether the battery is successfully prepared. It can verify the battery performance output and whether the battery tube preparation meets the technical requirements. It can also verify the matching degree of the material system currently used in the preparation of the battery tube.

[0005] However, there is currently no system for single-tube SOFC performance testing at home and abroad, and most research objects are battery stacks; and for single-tube or battery stack performance testing, it is difficult to repeat the test, and the test data is limited. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a testing system suitable for bamboo tube solid oxide fuel cells to solve the problem that it is currently impossible to perform multi-parameter tests on the performance of a single tube SOFC multiple times under the same working conditions.

[0007] The present invention provides a testing system suitable for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells, and the technical solution adopted is: A testing system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells, the system comprising: Anode gas circuit, used for conveying anode gas and / or anode tail gas; A cathode gas path, used for conveying cathode gas and / or cathode tail gas; A SOFC single-tube test device, used for assembling a single cell tube and connected to the anode gas path and the cathode gas path respectively, so that the anode gas and the cathode gas undergo an electrochemical reaction on the single cell tube; and, The anode gas path and the cathode gas path are respectively provided with: A regulating assembly, used for regulating output parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas; A detection assembly, used to collect and analyze the performance parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas, and the electrochemical performance parameters of the single cell tube; Wherein, the output parameter includes at least one of gas flow rate, gas pressure, gas temperature and gas flow path; Wherein, the performance parameter includes at least one of gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature, gas concentration and gas composition; Wherein, the electrochemical performance parameter includes at least one of output voltage, output current and power.

[0008] As one of the preferred solutions, the system further includes: an inert gas circuit, connected to the SOFC single-tube test device, for conveying inert gas to isolate the anode gas and the cathode gas; Wherein, the regulating assembly and the detecting assembly are arranged on the inert gas path.

[0009] As one of the preferred solutions, the SOFC single tube test device comprises a base and an outer tube and an inner tube radially spaced apart; the single cell tube is located between the outer tube and the inner tube, and is respectively surrounded by the outer tube to form a cathode gas flow channel and is surrounded by the inner tube to form an anode gas flow channel; wherein, The anode gas flow channel is respectively connected to the anode gas path and the outside, and the cathode gas flow channel is respectively connected to the cathode gas path and the outside; and The outer tube, the inner tube and the single cell tube can all be detachably assembled in the base.

[0010] As one of the preferred solutions, an isolation cabin is opened in the base, the isolation cabin is connected to the inert gas path, and the isolation cabin is located between the cathode gas flow channel and the sealing area, and the sealing area is the sealing contact between the single cell tube and the base.

[0011] As one of the preferred solutions, a partition plate is further provided in the base, and the partition plate is located between the isolation cabin and the cathode air flow channel.

[0012] As one of the preferred solutions, the sealing area is filled with a multi-level sealing structure; The multi-stage sealing structure comprises a composite adhesive layer, a hollow ceramic sleeve and a cured adhesive layer which are radially overlapped; Wherein, the hollow ceramic sleeve is arranged at the bottom of the single cell tube.

[0013] As one of the preferred solutions, the anode gas circuit includes one or a combination of multiple pipelines selected from the group consisting of a water vapor pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, an inert gas pipeline and a methane pipeline; Wherein, a steam generator is arranged on the water steam pipeline; Wherein, the inert gas pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline and the methane pipeline are connected through a mixing chamber; Wherein, the mixing chamber is connected to the steam generator via a gas-steam mixer, and the gas-steam mixer is connected to the SOFC single-tube testing device.

[0014] As one of the preferred schemes, the regulating assembly includes multiple regulating valves, multiple heaters and multiple condensers, and the multiple regulating valves, multiple heaters and multiple condensers are respectively arranged at different positions on the anode gas path, the cathode gas path and the inert gas path.

[0015] As one of the preferred solutions, the detection assembly includes multiple flow collectors, multiple temperature collectors, multiple pressure collectors, multiple gas analyzers and an electrochemical workstation; Wherein, a plurality of the flow collectors, a plurality of the temperature collectors, a plurality of the pressure collectors and a plurality of the gas analyzers are respectively arranged at different positions on the anode gas path, the cathode gas path and the inert gas path, for collecting the performance parameters; Wherein, the electrochemical workstation is connected to the SOFC single-tube testing device for collecting the electrochemical performance parameters.

[0016] As one of the preferred schemes, the regulating assembly also includes a heat exchanger, the cathode gas circuit is connected to a heat exchange pipeline corresponding to the pipeline for conveying the cathode tail gas, and the cathode gas circuit is connected to the heat exchange pipeline corresponding to the pipeline for conveying the cathode gas through the heat exchanger.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: The testing system of the present invention can be used for testing single-tube SOFCs and can be directly used to study and optimize single-tube performance, thereby supporting single-tube testing needs in basic research, material development, and product research and development, and providing data support for SOFC stack design, thus filling the technical gap that is currently mainly focused on battery stacks.

[0018] The test system of the present invention can realize multiple experiments under the same working conditions, and can effectively eliminate numerical inaccuracies caused by human factors or system errors to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the test results, greatly improve the test efficiency, enhance the reliability of data, and lay the foundation for further improving the performance of single-tube SOFC.

[0019] The test system of the present invention can realize multi-data synchronous collection and monitoring, and analyze various required data, solving the problem that in most tests of single-tube performance testing, multi-data synchronous collection and comparison cannot be realized, the test data is single and usually independent equipment is required for testing.

[0020] The test system of the present invention can avoid the risk of explosion caused by the mixture of high-temperature fuel gas and oxidizing gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a test system for a tubular solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a SOFC single tube testing device according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-stage sealing structure according to another embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a hollow ceramic sleeve described in another embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Description of reference numerals: 1. Outer tube; 2. Single cell tube; 3. Inner tube; 4. Cathode gas flow channel; 5. Internal flow channel; 6. External flow channel; 7. Base; 8. Partition plate; 9. Isolation cabin; 10. Lead wire; 11. Multi-stage sealing structure; 12. Cured adhesive layer; 13. Hollow ceramic sleeve; 14. Composite adhesive layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that the classic structure of mainstream tubular SOFC is: fuel gas is supplied inside the tube, and oxidizing gas (usually air / pure oxygen) is supplied outside the tube, and the two undergo electrochemical reactions on the tube. Taking the anode-supported tubular SOFC as an example, the anode material is used as a support, a coating matrix is ​​provided, and the anode bus layer and the anode functional layer are sprayed on the outer surface of the support tube. Subsequently, the electrolyte membrane and the cathode functional layer and the cathode bus layer are sprayed on the anode functional layer in sequence. The individual small-section single cells on the support tube are connected through a connector to form a bamboo-section multi-single-cell series structure to improve the volume power density and fuel utilization. Through multiple sections in series, a lead 10 is added to the bottom or top of the battery tube, and an electronic load is connected to test the output performance of the battery tube.

[0026] It can be seen that the key challenges facing SOFC testing today include the following difficulties: First of all, the basic performance testing of single-tube SOFC has not been systematized at home and abroad. The single cell tube 2 is the individual component of the battery stack. Timely acquisition of single cell tube 2 performance data and analysis to achieve optimization is the only way to improve the overall output performance of the battery stack. As a result, there is a lack of single-cell test targets required in the early stages of research and development and material screening, and a lack of in-depth analysis of the basic performance of the single cell tube 2.

[0027] Secondly, the consistency of the test environment and conditions is very important for judging the output performance of the battery stack. Ensuring that each test is conducted under the same working conditions can effectively eliminate numerical inaccuracies caused by human factors or system errors, greatly improving test efficiency. However, there is still no standardized test platform for single tubes, and it is impossible to conduct multiple experiments under the same working conditions, so the rationality and accuracy of the test results cannot be guaranteed.

[0028] Furthermore, for single-tube performance testing, it is not possible to achieve synchronous collection and comparison of multiple data in most tests, which will lead to data synchronization problems, which will have an adverse impact on the subsequent analysis of data to form experimental conclusions. Moreover, the data of each test is relatively monotonous. If other data or additional repeated experiments are required, not only will the experimental cost be too high, but human errors will also cause the data to be less targeted.

[0029] Finally, in traditional test systems, no isolation measures are taken for high-temperature fuel gas and oxidizing gas, and the two are even mixed. When the fuel gas concentration reaches a certain threshold, there are experimental safety issues.

[0030] The present invention is directed to mainstream tubular SOFC design, especially bamboo-tube SOFC, or bamboo-tube batteries can all use this system. The main purpose of this embodiment is to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test system for a tubular solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a test system suitable for bamboo-joint tube solid oxide fuel cells is applied to single cell tubes 2 of bamboo-joint tube SOFCs, and the system includes: an anode gas circuit for conveying anode gas and / or anode tail gas; a cathode gas circuit for conveying cathode gas and / or cathode tail gas; a SOFC single tube test device for assembling the single cell tube 2 and being connected to the anode gas circuit and the cathode gas circuit respectively, so that the anode gas and the cathode gas undergo an electrochemical reaction on the single cell tube 2; and respectively arranged on the anode gas circuit and the cathode gas circuit: an adjustment assembly for adjusting the output parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas; a detection assembly for collecting and analyzing the performance parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas, and the electrochemical performance parameters of the single cell tube 2; wherein the output parameters include at least one of gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature and gas flow path; wherein the performance parameters include at least one of gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature, gas concentration and gas composition; wherein the electrochemical performance parameters include at least one of output voltage, output current and power.

[0031] Specifically, the single cell tube 2 is a single component unit of the tubular SOFC stack, the outer wall of the tube is the cathode, and the inner wall of the tube is the anode. The SOFC single-tube test device serves as a support device for the single cell tube 2, and its interior contains multiple gas flow channels in contact with the single cell tube 2. The single cell tube 2 can be assembled to the SOFC single-tube test device for corresponding tests. During the test, the anode gas path and the cathode gas path are established, and the cathode gas and the anode gas are supplied to the corresponding functional layer surface of the single cell tube 2 in the SOFC single-tube test device. Therefore, the system can be reused many times, and only the upgraded single cell tube 2 needs to be replaced to perform the test, which reduces the labor, time, and economic costs in the battery research and development process.

[0032] In some embodiments, the SOFC single tube test device is placed in a high temperature furnace to maintain the normal operating temperature of the SOFC single tube test device during the reaction process.

[0033] Therefore, this system can be used to test single-tube SOFC and can be directly used to study and optimize single-tube performance, thereby supporting single-tube testing needs in basic research, material development, and product development, and providing data support for SOFC stack design, thus filling the technical gap that is currently mainly focused on battery stacks.

[0034] Specifically, the anode gas path provides fuel gas, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, propane, butane, gasoline, diesel, etc., to the anode gas flow channel of the SOFC, and is connected to the anode end inlet (fuel gas inlet) of the SOFC single tube. The cathode gas path is connected to the cathode end inlet (oxidizing gas inlet) of the SOFC single tube, and provides air or pure oxygen to the cathode gas flow channel 4 of the SOFC.

[0035] In this embodiment, the anode gas path and the cathode gas path each include two sections, the first section (pre-treatment section) for conveying unreacted gas is connected to the anode end / cathode end inlet of the SOFC single tube test device, and the second section (post-treatment section) for conveying gas after the reaction is completed is connected to the anode end / cathode end outlet of the SOFC single tube test device. The SOFC single tube test device receives the anode gas and cathode gas conveyed from the two pre-treatment sections, and an electrochemical reaction occurs on the single cell tube 2 to generate electricity. After the reaction is completed, the anode tail gas and cathode tail gas are respectively output to the corresponding tail gas post-treatment equipment through the two post-treatment sections.

[0036] In some embodiments, the cathode tail gas delivered by the post-processing stage can be used for heat recovery and utilization, and the detailed description can be found in the relevant part below.

[0037] Among them, in this embodiment, the cathode exhaust gas can be understood as the remaining air that does not participate in the reaction, that is, the oxygen concentration in the delivered cathode gas is reduced; the anode exhaust gas can be understood as the fuel gas that does not participate in the reaction and the water or carbon dioxide generated by the reaction, etc. The specific reaction products are related to the choice of fuel gas.

[0038] More specifically, an adjustment assembly is also provided on the anode gas path and the cathode gas path, and the adjustment assembly can accurately control the gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature and gas flow path, so when the single cell tube 2 is replaced for repeated testing, the stability and consistency of the test conditions and environment can be guaranteed. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can realize multiple experiments under the same working conditions, and can effectively eliminate the numerical inaccuracy caused by human factors or system errors to ensure the rationality and accuracy of the test results, greatly improve the test efficiency, and improve the reliability of the data, laying a foundation for further improving the performance of the single-tube SOFC.

[0039] More specifically, a detection assembly is also provided on the anode gas circuit and the cathode gas circuit, which is responsible for real-time monitoring and recording the performance parameters of the cathode gas and the anode gas at different reaction stages (such as gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature, gas concentration and gas composition) and the electrochemical performance of the battery (such as output voltage, output current and power). Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention sets a detection assembly on the gas circuit, which can realize multi-data synchronous collection and monitoring, and analyze various required data, solving the problem that in most tests of single-tube performance testing, multi-data synchronous collection and comparison cannot be realized, the test data is single and usually requires independent equipment for testing.

[0040] It can be understood that the above output parameters jointly affect the efficiency of the reaction and the performance of the battery. By accurately adjusting these parameters, the consistency of the test environment is ensured. The performance parameters can help evaluate the actual state of the gas and the reaction effect. The electrochemical performance parameters can evaluate the working state and efficiency of the single cell tube 2.

[0041] In some embodiments, at least one of the gas flow rate, gas pressure, gas temperature and gas flow path can be adjusted by adjusting valves, heaters, condensers and other devices. At least one of the gas flow rate, gas pressure, gas temperature, gas concentration and gas composition and at least one of the output voltage, output current and power can be detected and analyzed by flow collectors, temperature collectors, pressure collectors, gas analyzers and electrochemical workstations and other devices.

[0042] It can be known that the regulating assembly and the detecting assembly can interact through the operating system to achieve closed-loop control.

[0043] In this way, the test system suitable for tubular solid oxide fuel cells designed by the present invention can be used to test the performance of iteratively upgraded single tubes. It only needs to replace the single cell tube 2 to perform the test, without the need for additional tooling support. By analyzing the exhaust gas concentration and temperature changes, fast and high-precision output performance testing can be achieved. This test system greatly simplifies the testing work in the single-tube performance optimization, shortens the test tooling construction cycle and cost, fully reduces the labor, time and economic costs in the research and development process of tubular SOFC, and accelerates the research and development progress of tubular SOFC. And the system also has gas concentration analysis, battery tube temperature field analysis, and electrochemical output performance analysis. This single-tube test system has played an important role in improving the performance of tubular SOFC and reducing R&D costs, helping it to achieve product iteration and industrialization faster, and has a very positive significance for achieving the dual carbon goals of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality".

[0044] Another purpose of the present invention is to solve the many problems caused by the lack of isolation of high-temperature fuel gas and oxidizing gas in the traditional test system. As an improvement of this embodiment, the system also includes: an inert gas circuit, which is connected to the SOFC single-tube test device and is used to transport inert gas to isolate the anode gas and the cathode gas; wherein the inert gas circuit is provided with a regulating assembly and a detecting assembly.

[0045] In this embodiment, the inert gas circuit also includes two sections, a pretreatment section connected to the inert gas inlet of the SOFC single-tube test device, and a post-treatment section connected to the inert gas outlet. The pretreatment section of the inert gas circuit is used to transport the inert gas into the SOFC single-tube test device, and the post-treatment section is used to discharge the inert gas. During the test, an inert gas flow channel formed by inputting the inert gas is provided between the anode gas flow channel and the cathode gas flow channel 4 in the SOFC single-tube test device, which can effectively avoid the explosion hazard caused by the mixing of high-temperature fuel gas and oxidizing gas, and complete isolation (no sealing structure) can be achieved by increasing the inert gas pressure.

[0046] Similarly, the purpose of providing the regulating assembly and the detecting assembly on the inert gas circuit is the same as that of the anode gas circuit / cathode gas circuit.

[0047] For a detailed explanation of the above embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 It is a front cross-sectional view of a SOFC single tube test device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The SOFC single tube test device comprises a base 7 and an outer tube 1 and an inner tube 3 arranged radially at intervals; the single cell tube 2 is located between the outer tube 1 and the inner tube 3, and is respectively enclosed with the outer tube 1 to form a cathode gas flow channel 4, and is enclosed with the inner tube 3 to form an anode gas flow channel; wherein the anode gas flow channel is respectively connected to the anode gas path and the outside, and the cathode gas flow channel 4 is respectively connected to the cathode gas path and the outside; and the outer tube 1, the inner tube 3 and the single cell tube 2 can be detachably assembled in the base 7.

[0048] Specifically, the three gas paths corresponding to the SOFC single tube test device are A-air gas path, B-fuel gas gas path, and C-inert gas gas path. The three gas paths are respectively connected to the three corresponding inlets of the SOFC single tube test device and are discharged through the three corresponding outlets.

[0049] The location in the system is Figure 1 The SOFC single tube test device in the embodiment has the following specific structure: Figure 2 As shown, ※A is the oxidizing gas inlet, Figure 1 The ※A interface of the air circuit in the test system is connected, and ※B is the inlet of the inert gas. Figure 1 The fuel gas circuit in the test system is connected to the ※B interface, ※C is the fuel gas inlet, and Figure 1 The inert gas circuit in the test system is connected to the ※C interface.

[0050] In this embodiment, a plurality of holes are provided inside the base 7 to provide support and fixation for other parts of the entire SOFC single tube test device. The inner tube 3 and the outer tube 1 are arranged radially from the inside to the outside, and the inner tube 3 and the outer tube 1 enclose a cavity, and the bottom end of the outer tube 1 is plugged into the side wall of the hole of the base 7, and one end of the inner tube 3 extends from the bottom of the base 7 through the base 7 to the top of the outer tube 1 and is lower than the outer tube 1.

[0051] Among them, the SOFC single-tube test device is reusable, and the bottom end of the inverted U-shaped single cell tube 2 is inserted into the base 7 and is located in the cavity formed by the inner tube 3 and the outer tube 1, and the inner tube 3 is located in the inverted U-shaped opening, dividing the cavity into an anode airflow channel and a cathode airflow channel 4.

[0052] The anode gas flow channel includes an internal flow channel 5 formed by the inner tube 3 itself and an external flow channel 6 formed by the outer surface of the inner tube 3 and the inner surface of the single cell tube 2 .

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The arrows in represent the direction of gas flow. The outer tube 1 can constrain the air flow to improve the electrochemical reaction efficiency and heat exchange efficiency and prevent air from escaping in the high-temperature furnace. The inner tube 3 is responsible for supplying the fuel gas to the top of the single cell tube 2 and then flowing back to the anode surface. The cathode gas is transported from the air path to the cathode gas flow channel 4. After the air enters the outer tube 1, it flows directionally from top to bottom in the cathode gas flow channel 4. The anode gas is transported from the fuel gas path to the internal flow channel 5. The fuel gas flows upward in the internal flow channel 5 through the inner tube 3. After being blocked by the closed end of the inverted U-shaped single cell tube 2 at the top, it reverses and continues to flow downward in the external flow channel 6, and at the same time reaches the surface of the anode functional layer.

[0054] Similarly, the anode gas flow channel / external flow channel 6 is not only connected to the anode gas path / cathode gas path, but also connected to the outside world through the corresponding outlet, allowing the gas to enter and exit. The inert gas flow channel is also connected to the outside world through the corresponding inert gas outlet. For example, the fuel gas outlet, the oxidizing gas outlet, and the inert gas outlet are connected to the subsequent processing interface of the three gas paths through the corresponding pipelines to achieve comprehensive system analysis. Among them, the single cell tube 2 is connected to the electronic load in the electrochemical workstation through the cell tube test lead 10.

[0055] In this embodiment, the single cell tube 2 can be placed flat on the base 7, which is generally made of stainless steel and can be welded with three corresponding interfaces provided by the system to achieve sealing. In repeated experiments, the base 7 can be tested for airtightness. If there is no gas leakage, it can be reused many times, reducing the test cost and simplifying the test process.

[0056] Furthermore, in order to avoid the danger of explosion caused by the encounter of fuel gas and oxidizing gas in high-temperature experiments, the SOFC single-tube test device is designed with an inert gas isolation structure suitable for the single-tube test device. The structure is an isolation cabin 9 opened in the base 7, the isolation cabin 9 is connected to the inert gas path, and the isolation cabin 9 is located between the cathode gas flow channel 4 and the sealing area, which is the sealing contact between the single cell tube 2 and the base 7.

[0057] In this embodiment, a sealing area is usually set in the base 7 as the sealing contact part between the single cell tube 2 and the base 7, forming a preliminary seal to ensure that there will be no gas leakage during the test. The isolation cabin 9 opened inside the base 7 is connected to the inert gas gas path, so that the inert gas fills the space of the isolation cabin 9, forming an isolation zone, occupying the area where the fuel gas and air meet due to leakage (that is, between the sealing area and the cathode gas flow channel 4), and the inert gas introduction pressure in the isolation cabin 9 is higher than the gas pressure in the air flow channel and the fuel gas flow channel, which can effectively avoid the explosion caused by the meeting of air and fuel gas. An inert gas outlet connected to the isolation cabin 9 is opened on the base 7, and the inert gas is then discharged from the test device to achieve a deep sealing function without a sealing structure.

[0058] Preferably, a partition plate 8 is further provided in the base 7, and the partition plate 8 is located between the isolation cabin 9 and the cathode airflow channel 4. In this embodiment, the partition plate 8 firstly serves as a partition plate 8 between the cathode airflow channel 4 and the isolation cabin 9 filled with inert gas to isolate the two. Secondly, it serves as a carrier of the outer tube 1 to ensure that the outer tube 1 is vertical and avoids confusion of the air flow field.

[0059] Furthermore, if Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the multi-stage sealing structure 11 shown, and Figure 4 The specific structure of the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 is shown. The sealing area is filled with a multi-stage sealing structure 11; the multi-stage sealing structure 11 includes a radially overlapping composite adhesive layer 14, a hollow ceramic sleeve 13 and a cured adhesive layer 12; wherein the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 is sleeved on the bottom of the single cell tube 2.

[0060] like Figure 4As shown, the upper and lower ends of the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 are hollow inside and are sleeved on the outer periphery of the single cell tube 2. The lower end opening is smaller than the upper end opening, the upper end opening is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the single cell tube 2, and the lower end opening abuts the bottom end of the single cell tube 2. Because the test system is extremely sensitive to the output of electrical performance, the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 can effectively avoid test failures caused by insulation failure, effectively isolate the influence of the metal base 7 on its output performance during the battery test, and the ceramic material is close to the ceramic material system of the support body of the single cell tube 2, and has a similar thermal expansion coefficient, which reduces the cracking of the battery tube caused by thermal expansion during the heating and cooling process, and can reduce the difficulty of disassembling the battery tube during repeated experiments and reduce colloid residue.

[0061] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, in the test, the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 is sleeved on the single cell tube 2, and the composite glue layer 14 is set in the gap between the inner wall of the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 and the single cell tube 2, and the curing glue layer 12 is set in the gap between the outer wall and the base 7. For the curing glue layer 12, a high-temperature curing glue can be used to connect the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 to the base 7, which can ensure that the single cell tube 2 is supported by sufficient external force without tilting, and prevent the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 from moving and causing insulation and sealing failure. For the composite glue layer 14, it can be used as the contact area between the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 and the single cell tube 2. First, the hollow ceramic sleeve 13 and the single cell tube 2 are relatively fixed using the curing glue, and then the single cell tube 2 is completely fixed by the curing glue layer 12, and a certain amount of sealant is applied on the basis of the curing glue to prevent the fuel gas from escaping from the pores of the curing glue.

[0062] During the process of multiple temperature increases and decreases, there is a risk of failure of the sealant. Therefore, the designed isolation cabin 9 can effectively avoid the risk of explosion caused by seal failure during long-term high-temperature experiments.

[0063] For further explanation of the above embodiment, the cathode gas circuit can be a single air gas circuit, and the oxidizing gas is input. The anode gas circuit in the test system can include one or a combination of multiple pipelines of a water vapor pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, an inert gas pipeline and a methane pipeline; wherein a steam generator is provided on the water vapor pipeline; wherein the inert gas pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline and the methane pipeline are connected through a mixing chamber; wherein the mixing chamber is connected to the steam generator through a gas-steam mixer, and the gas-steam mixer is connected to the SOFC single-tube test device.

[0064] Specifically, according to the electrochemical reaction mechanism of SOFC, a certain amount of water vapor is required on the anode side. Deionized water is added to the steam generator for high-temperature evaporation, and then enters the gas-steam mixer to be fully mixed with other fuel gases.

[0065] First, in the early stage of improving the performance of the battery tube, pure hydrogen can be input separately, that is, the hydrogen pipeline is opened and other pipelines are closed. The hydrogen enters the SOFC single-tube test device after heating, and the tail gas enters the gas analyzer after cooling. The fuel utilization rate can be determined by detecting the hydrogen flow in the tail gas, and the output voltage, current and power can be detected to analyze whether the battery performance meets the technical requirements.

[0066] Secondly, hydrogen and water vapor can be introduced at the same time, that is, the hydrogen pipeline and the water vapor pipeline are opened, and other pipelines are closed, and the molar fractions of the two entering the SOFC single-tube test device are changed, so as to analyze the influence of the proportion of water vapor in the fuel gas on the output performance of the single cell tube 2.

[0067] Third, other combustible gases, such as methane, CO, etc., can be introduced, that is, the methane pipeline is opened and other pipelines are closed, and the fuel applicability of the single cell tube 2 can be checked to see whether it meets the fuel diversity requirements, and the fuel adaptability under the same working conditions can be inferred, so as to design the subsequent cogeneration system for the fuel adapted to this cell tube.

[0068] Fourthly, fuel gas and inert gas can be introduced at the same time, that is, the hydrogen pipeline and the inert gas pipeline are opened and other pipelines are closed to simulate the working condition of low gas purity, that is, the fuel sensitivity test. The response speed and output of the single cell tube 2 to low gas purity or complex gas input can be tested, so as to feedback the working condition and life prediction of the cell tube under harsh working conditions.

[0069] In some embodiments, the on / off status of the steam pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline, the inert gas pipeline, and the methane pipeline can be determined by switching the corresponding valves, thereby selecting a gas flow path.

[0070] In combination with the above embodiments, parameters can be output by adjusting devices such as valves, heaters and condensers. Performance parameters and electrochemical performance parameters can be detected and analyzed by devices such as flow collectors, temperature collectors, pressure collectors, gas analyzers and electrochemical workstations.

[0071] Specifically, multiple regulating valves are used to control the flow and pressure of anode gas, cathode gas and inert gas and the gas flow path of the anode gas circuit. The heater can increase the temperature of the gas to meet the temperature requirements of SOFC operation. The condenser is used to control the temperature and humidity of the gas to facilitate subsequent analysis and processing. Multiple flow collectors, temperature collectors and pressure collectors are used to measure the flow, temperature and pressure of anode gas, cathode gas and inert gas; multiple gas analyzers: used to analyze the composition and concentration of anode tail gas and / or inert gas. The electrochemical workstation is used to record and analyze the electrochemical performance of SOFC, including output voltage, current, etc.

[0072] Among them, various components in the adjustment assembly and various components in the detection assembly are respectively arranged at different positions of the anode gas circuit, cathode gas circuit and inert gas circuit, ensuring independent adjustment and data collection of each gas circuit, and improving the comprehensive monitoring and adjustment of gas and reaction conditions, enhancing the functionality and flexibility of the SOFC single-tube test device to support diverse experimental conditions, and providing strong support for the study of SOFC performance.

[0073] In some embodiments, the regulating assembly further includes a heat exchanger, and the cathode gas circuit is connected to a heat exchange pipeline corresponding to the pipeline for conveying cathode tail gas, and the cathode gas circuit is connected to the heat exchange pipeline through the heat exchanger. In combination with the above embodiments, the outlet of the post-processing section of the cathode gas circuit is connected to the heat exchange pipeline to input the cathode tail gas into the heat exchange pipeline, and the cathode gas circuit and the heat exchange pipeline are connected via the heat exchanger, and heat exchange between the gases is achieved through the heat exchanger, and the heat in the cathode tail gas is utilized to reduce the need for additional heating equipment and cooling equipment, thereby simplifying the system design.

[0074] A preferred embodiment is provided below as a specific description of this test system: Please refer again Figure 1 As shown, a test system suitable for bamboo tube solid oxide fuel cells integrates many functions such as gas supply, gas preheating, single tube testing, parameter adjustment, gas multi-parameter detection, tail gas treatment, electrochemical performance detection, gas concentration analysis, etc. The single cell tube 2 is assembled into the SOFC single tube test device, and the SOFC single tube test device is placed in a high-temperature furnace. The SOFC single tube test device is divided into three gas circuits, namely A-air gas circuit, B-fuel gas gas circuit, and C-inert gas gas circuit. The above three gas circuits are divided into a pretreatment section and a post-treatment section, and the fuel gas circuit uses four pipelines: a water vapor pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, an inert gas pipeline, and a methane pipeline. The cathode gas used in the test of the single cell tube 2 is air, the anode gas is hydrogen, and the inert gas is nitrogen.

[0075] A regulating assembly is arranged on each gas line to realize preheating and heat exchange of the gas in each channel so as to maximize the thermal efficiency. The regulating assembly includes several electric needle valves, solenoid valves, one-way valves, safety valves, pressure-stabilizing valves, back-pressure valves, ball valves and other valves, as well as a heat exchanger, multiple electric heaters and multiple condensers.

[0076] At the same time, the detection assembly is set up on each gas path to collect temperature and pressure of multi-channel gas, feedback data changes to feedback internal battery stack data, and can efficiently, real-time and synchronously collect various data during the battery test to analyze the battery operation. The detection assembly includes multiple flow meters, pressure gauges, thermometers, liquid level gauges, gas analyzers, electrochemical workstations and operating systems.

[0077] 1. For air circuit ( Figure 1 Air in the test apparatus), a micro high-pressure fan is used to provide air, and a filter F001, a compressor BL001, a pressure gauge P-001, a safety valve PRV001, a solenoid valve SV001, a flow meter FM001, a one-way valve CV001, a heat exchanger, an electric heater 1, a pressure gauge P-002, and a thermometer T-001 are arranged in sequence along the direction of cathode gas flow. The thermometer T-001 is connected to the oxidizing gas inlet of the SOFC single-tube test device, and a thermometer T-002, a third pressure gauge P-003, and a heat preservation device are arranged on the air path after the oxidizing gas outlet of the SOFC single-tube test device.

[0078] The rear of the insulation device is connected to a heat exchange pipeline, on which a temperature sensor T-01, a heat exchanger, a simple cooler and a ball valve BV001 are sequentially arranged along the direction of cathode tail gas flow.

[0079] Thermometer T-003, thermometer T-004 and thermometer T-005 are set on the high temperature furnace.

[0080] Therefore, a flow meter is used to control the gas flow rate. The air passes through the heat exchanger and electric heater in turn to heat it to the specified temperature. The gas temperature and pressure are tested using thermocouples and presses. Then it enters the single-tube test device. After the electrochemical reaction and heat exchange fully occur in it, the cathode tail gas is discharged from the device. By detecting the temperature and pressure of the gas in real time, the internal reaction of the battery tube can be analyzed. The cathode tail gas flows back to the heat exchanger through the insulation pipe for heat exchange to improve the thermal efficiency. The temperature of the cathode tail gas before and after entering the heat exchanger can be detected at the same time to judge the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, and then enters the cathode tail gas treatment device.

[0081] 2. For the water vapor pipeline in the fuel gas circuit ( Figure 1 H2O in it), along the direction of water vapor flow, water pump PWP-601, solenoid valve SV601, pressure gauge P-601, pressure regulating valve PMV601, flow meter FM601, one-way valve CV601, thermometer T-601, steam generator, thermometer T-602 is set on the steam generator, and the steam generator is connected with the other three pipelines in the fuel gas circuit through the gas-steam mixer.

[0082] 3. For the inert gas pipeline in the fuel gas circuit ( Figure 1 N2 / Ar in the mixture), filter F101, pressure gauge P-101, filter F102, electric needle valve MOV101, pressure gauge P-102, safety valve PRV101, solenoid valve SV101, flow meter FM101 and one-way valve CV101 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the inert gas, and then connected with the hydrogen pipeline and the methane pipeline in the mixing chamber.

[0083] 4. For the hydrogen pipeline in the fuel gas circuit ( Figure 1 H2 in), filter F201, pressure gauge P-201, filter F202, electric needle valve MOV201, pressure gauge P-202, safety valve PRV201, solenoid valve SV201, flow meter FM201, and one-way valve CV201 are arranged in sequence along the direction of hydrogen flow, and then connected with the inert gas pipeline and methane pipeline in the mixing chamber.

[0084] 5. For the methane pipeline in the fuel gas circuit ( Figure 1 CH4 in), filter F301, pressure gauge P-301, filter F302, electric needle valve MOV301, pressure gauge P-302, safety valve PRV301, solenoid valve SV301, flow meter FM301, and one-way valve CV301 are arranged in sequence along the direction of hydrogen flow, and then connected with the inert gas pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline in the mixing chamber.

[0085] Among them, the front of the gas-steam mixer is connected to the mixing chamber, and the rear of the gas-steam mixer is connected to the fuel gas inlet of the SOFC single-tube test device through the electric heater 2. A thermometer T-702, a pressure gauge P-702, a simple cooler, a ball valve BV701, and a gas analyzer are arranged on the fuel gas path after the fuel gas outlet of the SOFC single-tube test device.

[0086] Therefore, one or more pipelines among the water vapor pipeline, hydrogen pipeline, inert gas pipeline and methane pipeline can be selected by switching the corresponding valves, and one or more gases can be controlled to enter the mixing chamber, so as to realize the battery performance test under different working conditions. After the fuel gas is mixed under a variety of different working conditions, it enters the single-tube test device for reaction, and then is discharged from the device and cooled, and then enters the gas analyzer. According to the concentration and flow of each gas displayed by the gas analyzer, as well as the voltage, current, output power and other data recorded by the electronic load in the electrochemical workstation, the maximum output performance of the battery tube, the applicable fuel type, the matching degree of different fuels, the fuel gas sensitivity, the fuel utilization rate and other key values ​​can be quickly obtained after comprehensive analysis, so as to establish a database for the later customized battery research and development, provide reference data support, and reduce the cost of research and development testing.

[0087] 6. For inert gas circuit ( Figure 1N2 in), filter F501, filter F502, electric needle valve MOV501, safety valve PRV501, solenoid valve SV501, flow meter FM501, check valve CV501, electric heater 3, pressure gauge P-501, and thermometer T-501 are arranged in sequence along the direction of inert gas flow and connected to the inert gas inlet of the SOFC single-tube test device. A pressure gauge P-502, thermometer T-502, condenser and gas analyzer are arranged on the inert gas path after the inert gas outlet of the SOFC single-tube test device.

[0088] Therefore, the inert gas is heated by the electric heater 3, and enters the test device after reaching the specified temperature, filling the space of the isolation cabin 9 of the test device to form an isolation zone, occupying the area where the fuel gas and air meet due to leakage, avoiding reaching the explosion threshold of the two, and then discharged from the test device, and enters the gas analyzer after cooling to analyze the proportion of the fuel gas concentration in the channel. It can effectively judge the bottom sealing performance of the single battery tube 2 and the structural integrity of the battery tube in the cyclic temperature rise and fall test, and can assist in analyzing the fuel utilization rate and the reasons for the fluctuation of the battery tube performance, thereby greatly improving the safety factor of the experiment.

[0089] In summary, the present invention is based on the research and development needs of tubular SOFC, and efficient detection of the performance of the single cell tube 2 is a necessary link for its performance improvement. Only by analyzing the test data of the single cell tube 2 can an upgrade and improvement plan for the single cell tube 2 be formulated. This system can efficiently and quickly perform performance detection on the prepared single cell tube 2, and obtain all relevant data, maintain data collection simultaneity, and provide data support for subsequent performance improvement analysis, which greatly reduces the cost of the single cell tube 2 testing link and accelerates the relevant research and development process.

[0090] The integrity and diversity of this system meet the needs of multi-condition and multi-process testing, and adopts heat recovery to reduce heat loss in the testing process, while providing the necessary data for the design of cogeneration systems.

[0091] In the structural design of the core test device, firstly, the inert gas isolation structure in the base 7 is proposed for the first time. It is theoretically feasible to use oxidizing gas to isolate combustible gas and oxidizing gas. The existence of a pressure difference can suppress the backflow. Therefore, the structure is designed to realize this idea, which can greatly reduce the danger in the test link and can be promoted in the later fuel cell test to ensure the smooth progress of the fuel cell test link.

[0092] Secondly, the design of the ceramic sleeve base 7 structure can improve the accuracy of the single tube performance test results, avoid test errors caused by insulation failure, and at the same time, as an intermediate component, relieve the thermal stress caused by the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the base 7 and the single cell tube 2, reduce the cracking tendency of the single cell tube 2 during the test, and also facilitate repeated use of the device. The design and structural rationality of this system are original and leading in single tube testing, and can promote the scientific development of bamboo tube SOFC.

[0093] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0094] It should also be noted that, in this article, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor can they be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device.

[0095] The above is a detailed introduction to a test system for bamboo tube solid oxide fuel cells provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present application, and the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the present application, there will be different forms of changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, and the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A test system for bamboo tube solid oxide fuel cells, characterized in that the system include: Anode gas circuit, used for conveying anode gas and / or anode tail gas; A cathode gas path, used for conveying cathode gas and / or cathode tail gas; A SOFC single-tube testing device, used for assembling a single cell tube and connected to the anode gas path and the cathode gas path respectively, so that the anode gas and the cathode gas undergo an electrochemical reaction on the single cell tube; and The anode gas path and the cathode gas path are respectively provided with: A regulating assembly, used for regulating output parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas; A detection assembly, used to collect and analyze the performance parameters of the anode gas and the cathode gas, and the electrochemical performance parameters of the single cell tube; Wherein, the output parameter includes at least one of gas flow rate, gas pressure, gas temperature and gas flow path; Wherein, the performance parameter includes at least one of gas flow, gas pressure, gas temperature, gas concentration and gas composition; Wherein, the electrochemical performance parameter includes at least one of output voltage, output current and power.

2. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises: an inert gas circuit, connected to the SOFC single-tube test device, for conveying inert gas to isolate the anode gas and the cathode gas; Wherein, the regulating assembly and the detecting assembly are arranged on the inert gas path.

3. A test system suitable for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The SOFC single tube test device comprises a base and an outer tube and an inner tube radially spaced apart; the single cell tube is located between the outer tube and the inner tube, and is respectively surrounded by the outer tube to form a cathode gas flow channel and the inner tube to form an anode gas flow channel; wherein, The anode gas flow channel is respectively connected to the anode gas path and the outside, and the cathode gas flow channel is respectively connected to the cathode gas path and the outside; and The outer tube, the inner tube and the single cell tube can all be detachably assembled in the base.

4. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: An isolation cabin is provided in the base, the isolation cabin is communicated with the inert gas path, and the isolation cabin is located between the cathode gas flow channel and a sealing area, and the sealing area is a sealing contact point between the single cell tube and the base.

5. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 4, characterized in that: A partition plate is also provided in the base, and the partition plate is located between the isolation cabin and the cathode air flow channel.

6. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sealing area is filled with a multi-level sealing structure; The multi-stage sealing structure comprises a composite adhesive layer, a hollow ceramic sleeve and a cured adhesive layer which are radially overlapped; Wherein, the hollow ceramic sleeve is arranged at the bottom of the single cell tube.

7. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode gas circuit includes one or a combination of multiple pipelines selected from the group consisting of a water vapor pipeline, a hydrogen pipeline, an inert gas pipeline and a methane pipeline; Wherein, a steam generator is arranged on the water steam pipeline; Wherein, the inert gas pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline and the methane pipeline are connected through a mixing chamber; Wherein, the mixing chamber is connected to the steam generator via a gas-steam mixer, and the gas-steam mixer is connected to the SOFC single-tube testing device.

8. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating assembly includes a plurality of regulating valves, a plurality of heaters and a plurality of condensers, and the plurality of regulating valves, the plurality of heaters and the plurality of condensers are respectively arranged at different positions on the anode gas path, the cathode gas path and the inert gas path.

9. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection assembly includes multiple flow collectors, multiple temperature collectors, multiple pressure collectors, multiple gas analyzers and an electrochemical workstation; Wherein, a plurality of the flow collectors, a plurality of the temperature collectors, a plurality of the pressure collectors and a plurality of the gas analyzers are respectively arranged at different positions on the anode gas path, the cathode gas path and the inert gas path, for collecting the performance parameters; Wherein, the electrochemical workstation is connected to the SOFC single-tube testing device for collecting the electrochemical performance parameters.

10. A test system for bamboo tube type solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 8, characterized in that: The regulating assembly also includes a heat exchanger, the cathode gas circuit is connected to a heat exchange pipeline corresponding to the pipeline for conveying the cathode tail gas, and the cathode gas circuit is connected to the heat exchange pipeline through the heat exchanger.

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