Efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting exploration method

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient ion adsorption type rare earth ore deposit prospecting exploration method which comprises the following steps: 1) delineating a prospecting prospecting area indoors through a geochemical exploration weak anomaly extraction technology; 2) investigating the rare earth mineralization enrichment law and the characteristics of rare earth minerals and clay minerals in the prospecting prospective area, carrying out large-scale geological mapping in the field, and delineating a prospecting target area; and 3) quickly positioning and evaluating the rare earth ore body through a field on-site manual percussion drill technology. According to the method, through the technical combination of the rare earth enrichment mechanism, the mineralogy, the chemical exploration weak anomaly extraction technology and the field rapid evaluation technology, rapid prospecting exploration is achieved, the prospecting efficiency and success rate of the rare earth ore are greatly improved, the time is shortened, the procedure is simplified, and the cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solid mineral resource exploration, and in particular relates to a highly efficient ion adsorption type rare earth ore deposit prospecting and exploration method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the prospecting and exploration method for ion-adsorption rare earth deposits is: first, geological technicians carry out small-scale mapping in the field, and then further carry out large-scale mapping according to the mineralization situation, circle the key work areas, and then further use drilling, trenching and stripping and other working methods to carry out prospecting and exploration.

[0003] The existing technology is a traditional prospecting and exploration method that has been passed down for decades. It lacks an efficient and rapid combination of prospecting and exploration techniques for rare earth deposits using ion adsorption. It has the disadvantages of low prospecting success rate (the prospecting location and scope are unclear, and the failure rate is high. According to statistics, the success rate of this traditional prospecting and exploration method is only 3‰), low prospecting efficiency (all relying on geological technicians to fill in maps in the field for prospecting), long cycle (from field mapping, indoor analysis, map compilation, etc., the shortest is 1 year, the longest is 2-3 years), complex procedures (sampling, sample delivery, map compilation, etc.), high cost (a large amount of labor costs, etc.), etc. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned traditional rare earth prospecting and exploration technical methods, the present invention uses the weathering mineralization characteristics, surface mineralization characteristics, climate conditions, ion adsorption type and mineralization geological characteristics of rare earth minerals and clay minerals, and invents an efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method. It solves the technical problem of low efficiency of traditional rare earth prospecting and significantly improves the success rate of rare earth prospecting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) First collect 1:20 or 1:50,000 regional exploration geochemical data, and supplement the field with medium and large scale geochemical sample collection, analysis and testing, and data acquisition;

[0008] 2) Use the weak anomaly extraction technology of geochemical prospecting to delineate prospecting areas indoors;

[0009] 3) Investigate the rare earth mineralization enrichment rules, rare earth mineral and clay mineral characteristics in the prospecting area, carry out large-scale geological mapping in the field, and delineate the prospecting target area;

[0010] 4) Rapidly locate and evaluate rare earth ore bodies through field human impact drilling technology.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are:

[0012] 1. The burial depth is the biggest difference between ion-adsorption rare earth ores and other minerals. This type of ore exists below 1m above the surface, and it is very easy to collect rare earth ore layers by geochemical sampling. There are obvious rare earth displays in the anomalies of geochemical data, and the effect is good; 2. Rare earth ores are generally most easily enriched on mountain tops or gentler slopes, and the enrichment pattern of rare earth mineralization is more obvious; 3. This type of rare earth is adsorbed on clay minerals in the form of ions, and the characteristic type of clay minerals is very important for rare earth mineralization; 4. Based on the above characteristics, combined with field rapid analysis technology, it will be easier and faster to realize the prospecting and exploration of ion-adsorption rare earth ores.

[0013] Preferably, the weak anomaly extraction technology for geochemical exploration is based on the fractal singularity theory and uses fractal filtering and average smoothing filtering techniques to reprocess the 1:20 or 1:50,000 regional exploration geochemical data, deeply mine weak and moderately complex geochemical information, separate the geochemical background and anomalies, and re-extract rare earth element information. Based on the intensity and scale of rare earth element anomalies and their distribution range, the rare earth prospecting prospecting area is delineated.

[0014] Preferably, the rare earth mineralization enrichment law is based on the rare earth mineralization characteristics, and the distribution law of the mineralization parent rock, the mineralization law, and the activation-migration-differentiation-enrichment law of rare earth elements in the weathering surface process are obtained.

[0015] Preferably, step 3) is guided by the ion adsorption type rare earth mineralization theory and based on the prospecting prospect area selected in step 2), a large-scale field geological mapping of 1:10000 is carried out.

[0016] Preferably, the specific steps of field on-site manual impact drilling technology are:

[0017] The construction process of manual impact drilling for rare earth evaluation includes determining the hole position → simple site leveling → preparation stage → hole drilling → rock core sorting → reduction sampling → final hole → hole depth correction → hole sealing → acceptance.

[0018] Preferably, the hole should be drilled vertically downwards when drilling. When encountering stone or weathered balls that cannot be drilled, displacement excavation should be carried out. The drill bit should be slowly lowered into the bottom of the hole each time the drill is drilled. When sampling, the contaminated rock core on the top of the sampler should be removed. The excavation depth of each time should not be greater than the length of the drill bit. When lifting the drill, the drill bit should be slowly lifted. The drilling depth is required to pass through the ore body, expose the full weathering layer, and enter the semi-weathering layer 1m before the end of the hole.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention realizes rapid prospecting and exploration through the technical combination of "rare earth enrichment mechanism + mineralogy + geochemical weak anomaly extraction technology + field rapid evaluation technology", greatly improves the efficiency and success rate of rare earth mineral prospecting, shortens the time (from more than 1 year for traditional methods to 5-6 months), simplifies the procedure, and greatly reduces the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Flow chart of the efficient ion adsorption type rare earth ore deposit prospecting and exploration method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a large ion-adsorption rare earth mine in Yunnan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A large ion adsorption rare earth mine in Yunnan Figure 1 The mineral prospecting and exploration process shown is used for selection.

[0026] 1. Reprocessing of 1:20 Regional Exploration Geochemical Data

[0027] Based on the fractal singularity theory, fractal filtering and average smoothing filtering techniques were used to reprocess the 1:20 regional exploration geochemical data of the area, deeply mine the weak and moderate complex geochemical information, separate the geochemical background and anomalies, and re-extract the rare earth element information, thereby identifying three rare earth prospecting prospecting areas.

[0028] Through the investigation of the rare earth mineralization enrichment patterns in three prospective areas, it was found that one of the prospective areas has a large amount of granite distributed in it and the weathering crust is relatively thick. The distribution pattern of the mineralization parent rock and the activation-migration-differentiation-enrichment pattern of rare earth elements in the weathering surface process were obtained.

[0029] II. Rare earth enrichment law field 1:10000 geological survey

[0030] Step 1: The method is combined with filling and editing, and is completed by comprehensive mapping. The enrichment route is obtained according to the enrichment law, and 2 to 3 routes are investigated for verification. Field mapping and exploration are carried out, and samples are collected at intervals of 400m×320m. The collected rare earth ore samples are reacted with ammonium sulfate solution to obtain a filtrate. Oxalic acid solution is added to the filtrate to produce white flocs. The white flocs are rare earth ore, and the distribution range of the weathering crust is delineated.

[0031] Step 2: Before starting field work, you must first align the topographic map, then create a new PRB library. Design a route in the PRB library, the route number is a 4-digit number, such as L0001, then open the field hand map organization, create a new PRB library L0001 route, and copy route L0001 into the handheld device.

[0032] Step 3: After the field route is completed, copy the collected data to the computer for backup. Import the field collection system data into the field hand map, and then operate the PRB data in the field hand map data editing and browsing, edit and modify the content; check the field route PRB collection data, the system will automatically check the route number, geological point number, sample number, photo number and segmented route, geological boundary and other collection layers; after the inspection, conduct a field route summary and self-inspection.

[0033] 3. Field human impact drilling exploration and construction to quickly locate and evaluate rare earth ore bodies

[0034] Step 1: Determine the hole position. Use RTK engineering measurement to determine the hole position according to the designed project location. Granite weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth ore is stored in the granite weathering crust. The ore body is significantly controlled by the topography and the development and preservation of the weathering crust at the foot of the mountain, hillside, ridge and top of the mountain. It is more appropriate to use the exploration line grid to arrange the exploration project, and at the same time consider the terrain factors and combine the engineering density for deployment.

[0035] Step 2: Level the site and build a simple flat platform.

[0036] Step 3: Construction preparation, spread out the sampling cloth, connect the drill bit to the drill rod, and start drilling after the preparations are ready. The layout and construction of prospecting projects follow the principle of going from known to unknown, from sparse to dense. According to the purpose of this work task and the specific geological conditions of the mining area, the following principles are determined:

[0037] ① Exploration projects are preferably arranged in the rich areas of the main ore body;

[0038] ② The prospecting project should be arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike or the main structural line as much as possible to ensure that the prospecting project passes through the ore body or the ore-bearing structural belt along the ore body thickness direction;

[0039] ③ Make full use of the existing prospecting projects in the area;

[0040] ④ The deployment of prospecting projects follows the principle of going from known to unknown, first sparse then dense;

[0041] ⑤ All prospecting projects shall be appropriately adjusted and arranged according to the specific changes in the mineral (mineralization) body.

[0042] ⑥ The project layout should avoid fault zones, silicification zones, granite, granite fine-grained rock, quartz and other veins and spherical weathering residues as much as possible according to the range of weathering crust.

[0043] Step 4: Engineering point measurement, use RTK to measure engineering points in accordance with the "Specifications for Geological and Mineral Exploration and Measurement" GB / T 18341-2021.

[0044] Step 5: Start construction, exploration depth According to the distribution of ion adsorption type rare earth ore in weathering crust, according to the work results of 2023, the main ore body KT2-11 in Tuguanzhai working area is generally buried at a depth of 5 to 14m, and the exploration depth is determined to be 11m to 14m below the surface. The main ore body KT1-1 in Maliping key working area is generally buried at a depth of 3m to 10m, and the exploration depth is determined to be 9m to 10m below the surface. Precautions: (a) When drilling, dig vertically downward from the ground. When encountering stone or weathering balls that cannot be drilled, shift digging should be performed. (b) Each time you drill, the drill must be slowly placed in the bottom of the hole to avoid friction with the hole wall, causing the hole wall and the hole core to fall into the bottom of the hole, causing rock and mineral core contamination. When sampling in general, the contaminated rock and mineral core on the upper part of the sampler is removed. (c) The excavation depth of each round shall not be greater than the length of the drill bit (generally 0.20m to 0.40m). When lifting the drill, lift the drill bit slowly to prevent the rock core in the sampling tube from falling out. (d) The drilling depth is generally required to pass through the ore body, that is, to expose the fully weathered layer and enter the semi-weathered layer 1m (not less than 0.5m for 2 rounds) before the hole is completed. (e) The construction adopts drilling without flushing fluid. (f) The hole should be sealed in time after the drilling is completed, and the hole mouth position needs to be accurately measured and located using an RTK instrument

[0045] Step 6: Geological cataloging, (a) The key points of the cataloging are the hole number, the geomorphological features of the borehole, the hole depth, and the hole diameter. (b) Describe the layers according to different lithologies, focusing on the color, mineral composition, content, structure and texture of the full weathering layer. The observation records must be detailed and accurate. (c) Sample according to the lithology layer, indicating the sampling location, sample number, sample length and sample analysis items. (d) Draw the borehole column chart in time. The scale of the column chart is generally 1:100. The code for the manual impact sampling drill is ZK.

[0046] Step 7: Sample collection, (a) The basic analysis sample collection method adopts the core reduction method. (b) To prevent sample contamination, check whether there is rock core contamination on the upper part of the corer each time coring, and remove the mixed rock core according to the color and looseness of the weathered soil. (c) The basic analysis samples of the borehole are collected according to different layers and different ore types, and the basic sample length is generally 1m. (d) Core reduction method: The cores in the same basic analysis sample are first mixed evenly on site, and then the diagonal method is used to reduce them, and repeated several times until the sample delivery standard is met. Finally, the cores are divided into two bags and numbered. One is sent to the laboratory for analysis, and the other is a duplicate sample for core storage. During the sample reduction process, the mixing is required to be uniform and the operation is careful. The weight of each sample after reduction should be greater than 2.00kg. (e) The sample number is coded as "project number + sample sequence number", and each project is numbered in order from top to bottom. (f) The sample number, sample length, original sample weight, number of reductions and sample weight after reduction should be recorded on site and filled in the sample registration form.

[0047] through Figure 1 After screening, the ion adsorption type rare earth ore was found. Figure 2 , through evaluation for large scale.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) First collect 1:20 or 1:50,000 regional exploration geochemical data, and supplement the field with medium and large scale geochemical sample collection, analysis and testing, and data acquisition; 2) Use the weak anomaly extraction technology of geochemical prospecting to delineate prospecting areas indoors; 3) Investigate the rare earth mineralization enrichment rules, rare earth mineral and clay mineral characteristics in the prospecting area, carry out large-scale geological mapping in the field, and delineate the prospecting target area; 4) Rapidly locate and evaluate rare earth ore bodies through field human impact drilling technology.

2. The highly efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weak anomaly extraction technology for geochemical exploration is based on the fractal singularity theory. It uses fractal filtering and average smoothing filtering techniques to reprocess the 1:20 or 1:50,000 regional exploration geochemical data, deeply mine weak and moderately complex geochemical information, separate the geochemical background and anomalies, and re-extract rare earth element information. Based on the intensity and scale of rare earth element anomalies and their distribution range, the rare earth prospecting prospecting areas are delineated.

3. The efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rare earth mineralization enrichment law is based on the rare earth mineralization characteristics, and the distribution law of mineralization parent rock, mineralization law, and the activation-migration-differentiation-enrichment law of rare earth elements in the weathering surface process are obtained.

4. The efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) Guided by the ion adsorption rare earth mineralization theory, based on the prospecting area selected in step 2), carry out large-scale field geological mapping of 1:10000.

5. The efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specific steps of field site manual impact drilling technology: The construction process of manual impact drilling for rare earth evaluation includes determining the hole position → simple site leveling → preparation stage → hole drilling → rock core sorting → reduction sampling → final hole → hole depth correction → hole sealing → acceptance.

6. The highly efficient ion adsorption type rare earth deposit prospecting and exploration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When drilling a hole, dig downward vertically from the ground. When encountering stone or weathered balls that cannot be drilled, shift digging should be carried out. Slowly lower the drill bit to the bottom of the hole each time you drill. When taking samples, remove the contaminated rock core on the top of the sampler. The digging depth of each time must not be greater than the length of the drill bit. When lifting the drill, slowly lift the drill bit. The drilling depth is required to pass through the ore body, expose the full weathered layer, and enter the semi-weathered layer 1m before the end of the hole.

Images