Novel low-carbon operation method for carbon-green evidence mutual recognition electric power system in electric power market

Abstract

The invention provides a novel low-carbon operation method for a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition electric power system in an electric power market. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a carbon transaction model and a green certificate transaction model of a generator set; constructing a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism to obtain a carbon transaction cost under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition transaction mechanism; according to the electricity selling income of the thermal power generating unit, the carbon transaction cost and the green certificate transaction cost under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition transaction mechanism, and the electricity selling income and the green certificate transaction income of the renewable energy source unit, a double-layer model combining a power generator quotation decision-making layer and a multi-market clearing layer under power-carbon-green certificate coupling is constructed; and solving the double-layer model by adopting a global nonlinear optimization algorithm to obtain an optimized operation result. According to the method, the power-carbon-green certificate market double-layer coupling model combining the power generation enterprise quotation decision-making layer and the multi-market clearing layer is constructed, the game behaviors of power generation enterprises in the power-carbon-green certificate three markets are considered, and coupling operation of the three markets is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power market operation, and in particular to a new low-carbon operation method for a power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in a power market. Background Art

[0002] As an important subject of carbon emissions, the power industry has become a top priority for decarbonization. China has actively promoted the reform of the power system and gradually opened up the Carbon Emission Trading (CET) market and the Green Certificate Trading (GCT) market. As important market mechanisms to promote carbon emission reduction in the power industry and encourage the access of new energy power generation to the grid, the CET mechanism and the GCT mechanism have attracted the attention of more and more countries, providing new impetus for the clean and low-carbon development of the power industry.

[0003] The CET mechanism focuses on suppressing the output of high-carbon units to achieve low-carbon operation of the system, while the GCT mechanism focuses on promoting the consumption of new energy to achieve low-carbon operation of the system. The two types of mechanisms have different focuses, and how to promote the connection between the two types of mechanisms is of great significance to the development of low-carbon operation of the system.

[0004] Wang B, Li C, Ban Y, Zhao Z, Wang Z.《A two-tier bidding model considering a multi-stage offer-carbon joint incentive clearing mechanism for coupled electricity and carbon markets》Applied Energy 2024;368:123497,Wang Benke, Li Chunhua, Ban Yongshuang, Zhao Zeming, Wang Zengxu;《A two-tier bidding model considering a multi-stage offer-carbon joint incentive clearing mechanism for coupled electricity and carbon markets》Applied Energy, 2024;368:123497. This paper considers the coupling of electricity and carbon markets, but does not consider the green certificate trading market, and does not consider the mutual recognition trading mechanism between CET and GCT. It is of great significance to study the low-carbon operation mode of the power system under the mutual recognition trading mechanism of CET and GCT in the power market. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the three markets of electricity, carbon and green certificate are not coordinated in the above-mentioned prior art, the CET mechanism and the GCT mechanism have different focuses and cannot be organically linked together to jointly promote the low-carbon development of the power system. The present invention proposes a new low-carbon operation method for the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market, which can effectively promote the integration of CET and GCT mechanisms, and promote the coordinated development of the electricity, carbon and green certificate markets, and improve the economic benefits and low-carbon benefits of the system.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Construct the carbon trading model and green certificate trading model of the power generation unit, and obtain the carbon trading cost C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ;

[0008] Step 2: Establish a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism to obtain the carbon emission reduction E reflected in the green certificate GCT and the carbon quota Equa′ of the power system after the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism, replace the carbon quota Equa obtained in step 1 with the carbon quota Equa′ of the power system after the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism, and thus obtain the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET ;

[0009] Step 3: Construct a two-layer model combining the power generation company's quotation decision-making layer and the multi-market clearing layer under the power-carbon-green certificate coupling; according to the electricity sales revenue of thermal power units, the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g According to the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit, the profit function R of the renewable energy unit is established. N , according to the profit function R of thermal power units g and the profit function R of renewable energy units N Construct the power supplier quotation decision layer; according to the electricity energy cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π ;

[0010] Step 4: Use the global nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve the two-layer model and obtain the optimization operation results.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 1 are as follows:

[0012] Step 11: Based on the carbon emission baseline value η and the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g，t , establish carbon quota E for thermal power units qua The model is as follows:

[0013]

[0014] In the formula, Ω G is the set of thermal power units; T is the scheduling period;

[0015] Step 12: According to the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g，t and the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit g , establish the actual carbon emissions of thermal power units E ac The model is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Step 13: Based on the actual carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 12 ac , the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua and the carbon price P CET , establish the carbon trading model of the power system and obtain the carbon trading cost C CET :C CET =P CET (E ac -E qua );

[0018] Step 14: Based on the renewable energy consumption weight α of the power generation enterprise and the load P of the power generation enterprise in period t L，t , establish renewable energy quota N for the power system q The model is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Step 15: Based on the renewable energy output P of the power generation enterprise WT 、Renewable energy quota N q And the green certificate transaction price P GCT , establish the green certificate transaction model of the power system, and obtain the green certificate transaction cost C GCT , the formula is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Where μ is the proportion of actual renewable energy generation in the power system to total power generation.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 2 are as follows:

[0024] Step 21: Based on the carbon emissions E generated by the thermal power unit therma l and the carbon emissions E generated by renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new , and obtain the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate GCT , the formula is as follows:

[0025] E GCT =E thermal -E new

[0026] Step 211: According to the set Ω of thermal power units G , the carbon emission intensity of the g-th thermal power unit δ g and the number of thermal power units N G , and obtain the carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit thermal , the formula is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] Step 212: Based on the marginal emission factor λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 and the capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , and obtain the carbon emission reduction E of renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new :

[0029] E new =λ OM ξ e1 +λ BM ξ e2 ;

[0030] Step 213: Carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 211 thermal and the carbon emission reduction E of the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate obtained in step 212 new , and the carbon emission reduction E reflected by the green certificate is obtained GCT :

[0031] E GCT =E thermal -E new ;

[0032] Step 22: Based on the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua , combined with the renewable energy output P of power generation enterprises WT , the renewable energy quota N of the power generation enterprise obtained in step 14 q , the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate obtained in step 21 GCT, and obtain the carbon quota E of the power system after the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism qua ′:

[0033] E qua′ =E qua +(P WT -N q )E GCT

[0034] Step 23: The carbon quota E obtained in step 13 qua Carbon quota E of the power system after replacing it with the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism qua′ , thus obtaining the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET .

[0035] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 3 are as follows:

[0036] Step 31: Construct the power producer quotation decision layer;

[0037] Step 311: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT and the cost of power generation, to establish the profit function of thermal power units;

[0038] Step 3111: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g,min and the maximum output power P g,max , get the quoted output length of the g-th thermal power unit

[0039] Step 3112: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g，min And the quoted output length L g , get the output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment As shown below:

[0040]

[0041] Step 3113: According to the fuel cost σ of the g-th thermal power unit g And the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g，t , we get the cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g，t , the formula is as follows:

[0042] C g，t =0.5σ g (a g (P g，t ) 2 +b g Pg，t )

[0043] Where a g 、b g are the cost function coefficients of the g-th thermal power unit respectively;

[0044] Step 3114: The cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t obtained in step 3113 is g， t derivative, and obtain the marginal cost function f of the g-th thermal power unit g，t =σ g (a g P g，t +b g );

[0045] Step 3115: The output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment obtained in step 3112 is Substitute the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit into g，t , get the quotation function of the g-th thermal power unit The formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Step 3116: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g ,as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Where K is the number of quotation curve segments; λ n，t is the node electricity price of n nodes; is the output of the thermal power unit at the kth energy segment at time t; C CET，g is the carbon trading cost of the g-th thermal power unit, C g，t is the power generation cost of the g-th thermal power unit in period t; k g is the bidding strategy coefficient of the thermal power unit;

[0050] Step 312: Establish the profit function R of the renewable energy unit based on the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit N , the formula is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Where P w，t is the output of the renewable energy unit at time t; PGCT is the green certificate price; B w is the electricity cost of renewable energy units; w is the bidding strategy coefficient of renewable energy units;

[0053] Step 32: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , the carbon trading cost C of the thermal power unit under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism obtained in step 23 CET And the green certificate transaction cost C obtained in step 15 GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π ;

[0054] Step 321: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , establish the market clearing objective function Rπ, as shown below:

[0055] R π =C ELE +C CET +C GCT #(5)

[0056]

[0057] Among them, Ω G ,Ω w Represent the collection of thermal power units and renewable energy units respectively; and B′ w denote the bids of thermal power and renewable energy units respectively; and P w，t are the outputs of thermal power units and renewable energy units at time t respectively;

[0058] The constraints of formula (5) are:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, P Loss，t It is the power system network loss; is the node load; Ω D is the set of load nodes; t is the Lagrange multiplier for the power balance constraint of the power system; and are the climbing and sliding rates of the g-th thermal power unit respectively; The day-ahead forecast power reported by the renewable energy unit; P l，t is the transmission power of line L; is the maximum transmission power of line L; G l，g , G l，w , D l,d are the power transfer factors between line L and the g-th thermal power unit, renewable energy w and load d respectively; N L is a collection of transmission lines;

[0061] Step 322: Based on the price quote of the thermal power unit and the price of renewable energy units B′ w , while satisfying equations (1), (2), (5)-(12), the output of the thermal power unit is obtained Output of renewable energy units P w，t and the Lagrange multiplier λ for the power balance constraint of the power system t , node electricity price λ n，t Numerically equal to the Lagrange multiplier λ of the power balance constraint of the power system t ;

[0062] Step 323: According to the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit g ; Output of the gth thermal power unit Get the quote correction factor τ g , the formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Step 324: Use the quote correction factor τ g Adjust the thermal power company's quotation and use the adjusted thermal power unit quotation To replace the The secondary market clearing is carried out. The thermal power supplier's quotation during the secondary clearing is

[0065] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 4 are as follows:

[0066] Step 41: Input the fuel cost σ of the thermal power plant into the algorithm g 、Carbon emission intensity of thermal power unitsδ g , the electricity cost of renewable energy units B w 、Minimum output P of thermal power unit g,min 、The maximum output of thermal power unit P g,max , cost coefficient a of thermal power unit g , cost coefficient b of thermal power unit g , load data P L，t , Renewable energy forecast power Carbon emission benchmark value η, green certificate quota ratio α, carbon trading price P CET , Green Certificate Price P GCT, marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 , capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , marginal emission factor of electricity λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , the number of quotation curve segments K;

[0067] Step 42: Randomly generate quote data within the quote range and B′ w ;

[0068] Step 43: Quote data according to step 42 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w,t and node electricity price λ n，t , and then obtain the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT :

[0069] Step 44: According to the output of the thermal power unit obtained in step 43 Output of renewable energy units P w，t , node electricity price λ n，t , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , respectively substituted into step 311 and step 312, and the profit R of each generator set is obtained. g and R N ;

[0070] Step 45: Update the quote data within the quote range and B′ w ;

[0071] Step 46: Update the quotation data according to step 45 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w，t and node electricity price λ n，t , and then obtain the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ;

[0072] Step 47: loop steps 44-46;

[0073] Step 48: Until Nash equilibrium is met Or the maximum number of iterations is reached, where i∈Ω, Ω represents the set of all units, including thermal power units and renewable energy units, Indicates the profit of the group in a new round of iteration, represents the profit of the group in the old iteration; when i = g, and Represents the profit of thermal power unit, when i=N, and Represents the profit of renewable energy units. The change value of the profit function of each unit is less than a certain tolerance value ε, that is, each unit cannot obtain more benefits by changing its strategy;

[0074] Step 49: Output the output of thermal power units and renewable energy units and P w，t , clearing electricity price λ n，t 、Carbon emissions E ac 、Electricity cost C ELE 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and the profit R of each unit G and R N .

[0075] Furthermore, the global nonlinear optimization algorithm adopted in step 4 is a sparrow optimization algorithm.

[0076] Furthermore, the number of quotation curve segments K is 4.

[0077] Furthermore, the bidding strategy coefficient κ of the thermal power unit g and the bidding strategy coefficient κ of renewable energy units w The value range is 1-1.5.

[0078] Furthermore, the constraints of the thermal power unit quotation in step 3116 are:

[0079]

[0080] Furthermore, the constraint conditions for the renewable energy unit quotation in step 312 are:

[0081] B′ w =κ w B w

[0082] B w,min ≤B′ w ≤B w,max .

[0083] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0084] 1. This invention proposes a CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism to calculate the carbon emissions behind the green certificate E GCT , which in turn affects the CET market. While promoting the consumption of renewable energy units, it increases the optimization space and trading enthusiasm of thermal power units, which is conducive to promoting the integration of the carbon-green certificate market.

[0085] 2. The present invention constructs a two-layer coupling model of the electricity-carbon-green certificate market that combines the power generation enterprise quotation decision-making layer with the multi-market clearing layer, takes into account the game behavior of power generation enterprises in the three markets of electricity-carbon-green certificate, and is conducive to the coupled operation of the three markets.

[0086] 3. The multi-market clearing mechanism proposed in this invention takes into account the electricity-carbon-green certificate market, taking into account both the electricity cost C ELE , also taking into account the environmental cost C CET , C GCT , which is conducive to the low-carbon operation of the electricity market. g To adjust the quotation, link the environmental benefits of the unit with the quotation, and effectively promote the low-carbon nature of the electricity market.

[0087] 4. Compared with the paper "A two-tier bidding model considering multi-stage bidding-carbon joint incentive clearing mechanism to promote the coupling of electricity and carbon markets", the present invention considers the green certificate trading market on the basis of the electricity and carbon market, and considers the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism, which is conducive to promoting the integration of the carbon-green certificate market and the low-carbon operation of the electricity market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the present invention.

[0089] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electricity-carbon-green certificate joint trading mechanism of the present invention.

[0090] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism of the present invention.

[0091] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electricity-carbon-green certificate multi-market coupling double-layer model of the present invention.

[0092] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the global nonlinear optimization algorithm of the present invention.

[0093] Figure 6 This is a load and wind power day-ahead predicted power curve diagram of the present invention.

[0094] Figure 7 It is the power output diagram of each unit of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] Advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments thereof, which are given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0096] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a new low-carbon operation method of a power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in a power market, comprising the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: Construct the carbon trading model and green certificate trading model of the power generation unit, and obtain the carbon trading cost C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ;

[0098] Step 11: Establish the carbon quota E of the thermal power units based on the carbon emission baseline value, the collection and output of the thermal power units. qua The model formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where η is the carbon emission benchmark value, which is determined by the policies of various countries and regions; P g，t is the output of the g-th thermal power unit in the t period, and the output is the power of the thermal power unit; Ω G is a set of thermal power units, which includes the number of thermal power units and the number of generators contained in each thermal power unit; T is the scheduling period, which is generally 24 hours.

[0101] Carbon quota is a free carbon emission standard for power generation companies. When the carbon emissions of a power generation unit exceed the carbon quota, it needs to purchase quotas from the CET market; conversely, it can sell the remaining carbon quotas in the CET market to make a profit.

[0102] Step 12: Establish the actual carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit based on the output and carbon emission intensity of the thermal power unit ac The model formula is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, δ g is the carbon emission intensity of the g-th thermal power unit, and the carbon emission intensity depends on the specific situation of each thermal power unit. For example, if the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit is large, and the emission treatment equipment is relatively backward or the number is small, then the carbon emission intensity of the thermal power unit is large; if the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit is large, and the emission treatment equipment is advanced or the number is large, then the carbon emission intensity of the thermal power unit is small; if the power generation capacity of the thermal power unit is small, then the carbon emission intensity of the thermal power unit is low.

[0105] Step 13: Based on the actual carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 12 ac , the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua and the carbon price P CET , establish the carbon trading model of the power system and obtain the carbon trading cost C CET , the formula is as follows:

[0106] C CET =P CET (E ac -E qua )#(3)

[0107] The green certificate trading mechanism realizes the consumption of new energy through market transactions. When the renewable energy consumed by power generation enterprises exceeds the renewable energy quota, they can sell the excess green certificates in the GCT market to obtain income; otherwise, they need to purchase green certificates in the GCT market to complete the renewable energy quota task.

[0108] Step 14: Establish the renewable energy quota N of the power system based on the renewable energy consumption weight of the power generation enterprise and the load of the power generation enterprise. q The model formula is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Where α is the renewable energy consumption weight of the power generation enterprise; P L，t is the load of the power generation enterprise in period t, the renewable energy consumption weight α of the power generation enterprise, and the load P of the power generation enterprise in period t L，t They are all stipulated by each country and region.

[0111] Step 15: According to the renewable energy output, renewable energy quota and green certificate transaction price of power generation enterprises, a green certificate transaction model for the power system is established to obtain the green certificate transaction cost C GCT , the formula is as follows:

[0112]

[0113] Where P WT Contribute to renewable energy sources for power generation companies; N q is the renewable energy quota, obtained from step 14; P GCT is the transaction price of green certificates. One green certificate corresponds to 1MWh of renewable energy power generation. μ is the proportion of actual renewable energy power generation in the power system to total power generation. When μ ≥ α, C GCT is a negative value, which means that the power system gains benefits through green certificate trading; when μ<α, C GCT A positive value means that the power system pays costs through green certificate trading.

[0114] Step 2: Establish a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism to obtain the carbon emission reduction E reflected in the green certificate GCT Carbon quota E of power system after mutual recognition and trading mechanism of carbon and green certificates qua′ ; The carbon quota E obtained in step 1 qua Replaced with the carbon quota Equa′ of the power system after the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism, the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism is obtained. CET .

[0115] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the electricity-carbon-green certificate joint trading mechanism of the present invention. The joint operation mechanism of the three markets of electricity-carbon-green certificate is: thermal power generators and new energy generators jointly participate in the day-ahead power market bidding. Thermal power generators participate in the CET market. When their carbon emissions are greater than the carbon quota, they need to purchase carbon quotas in the CET market. Otherwise, they can sell excess carbon quotas in the CET to obtain income. Thermal power generators and new energy generators jointly participate in the GCT market. In order to meet the renewable energy quota requirements, thermal power generators need to purchase a certain number of green certificates in the GCT market; on the basis of reaching the renewable energy quota, new energy generators can sell excess green certificates in the GCT market to obtain income. In order to consider the environmental benefits brought by green certificates, once the system meets the prescribed green certificate quota, the excess green certificates can offset part of the carbon emissions in the CET market. While promoting the consumption of new energy units, the optimization space of thermal power units is increased, the trading enthusiasm is increased, and the integration of the carbon-green certificate market is promoted.

[0116] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism of the present invention. Government departments in various countries and regions stipulate the green certificate quota of the power system. Renewable energy units can apply for green certificates from the government, the government issues green certificates, and thermal power units purchase the required green certificates. Once the power system reaches the prescribed green certificate quota, the excess green certificates can offset part of the carbon emissions in the CET market. While promoting the consumption of renewable energy units, the optimization space of thermal power units is increased and the trading enthusiasm is increased. The specific steps of building a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism include:

[0117] Step 21: Based on the carbon emissions generated by the thermal power unit and the carbon emissions generated by the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate, the carbon emission reduction E reflected by the green certificate is obtained. GCT , the formula is as follows:

[0118] E GCT =E thermal -E new #(6)

[0119] In the formula, E thermalE is the carbon emissions generated by thermal power units; new It is the carbon emission reduction of renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate.

[0120] The carbon emission intensity of thermal power units indicates the carbon emissions generated by 1MWh of thermal power; the carbon emission reduction of renewable energy power generation corresponding to green certificates indicates the carbon emission reduction generated by 1MWh of green electricity. When a unit of green certificate flows into the carbon market, due to the different types of electricity, one is thermal power and the other is green power, the difference between the two can be used to obtain the carbon emission reduction benefit of a unit of green certificate flowing into the carbon market, that is, how much carbon emissions are saved by 1MWh of green power compared to 1MWh of thermal power.

[0121] Step 211: According to the set Ω of thermal power units G , the carbon emission intensity of thermal power units and the number of thermal power units, and the carbon emission of thermal power units E thermal , the formula is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] In the formula, δ g is the carbon emission intensity of thermal power unit g; N G is the number of thermal power units.

[0124] Since the carbon emission intensity δ of each thermal power unit g Different, according to the collection of thermal power units in each region G , the carbon emission intensity of the g-th thermal power unit δ g and the number of thermal power units N G , and obtain the carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit thermal .

[0125] Step 212: Based on the marginal emission factor λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 and the capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , and obtain the carbon emission reduction E of renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new , the formula is as follows:

[0126] E new =λ OM ξ e1 +λ BM ξ e2 #(8)

[0127] In the formula, ξ e1 and e2 are the marginal emission factor weights of electricity and capacity respectively; OM and λ BMThey are the marginal emission factors of electricity and capacity respectively. The above four parameters are obtained according to the Power System Emission Factor Calculation Tool issued by the Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol.

[0128] The carbon emissions E generated by renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new , can be determined by the “regional grid baseline emission factor”, which includes the marginal emission factors of electricity and capacity, and the carbon emission reduction E of the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate is obtained. new .

[0129] Step 213: Carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 211 thermal and the carbon emission reduction E of the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate obtained in step 212 new , and the carbon emission reduction E reflected by the green certificate is obtained GCT , the formula is as follows:

[0130] E GCT =E thermal -E new #(9)

[0131] Step 22: Based on the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 gua , combined with the renewable energy output P of power generation enterprises WT , the renewable energy quota N of the power generation enterprise obtained in step 14 q , the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate obtained in step 21 GCT , and obtain the carbon quota E of the power system after the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism qua′ , the formula is as follows:

[0132] E qua′ =E qua +(P WT -N q )E GCT #(10)

[0133] Step 23: The carbon quota E obtained in step 13 qua Carbon quota E of the power system after replacing it with the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism qua′ , thus obtaining the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET .

[0134] After the completion of the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism, on the one hand, the carbon quota E qua On the one hand, the optimization space of thermal power units is increased and the trading enthusiasm is increased, which further stimulates the role of the two market mechanisms, CET and GCT, in promoting the low-carbon nature of the electricity market.

[0135] Step 3: Construct a two-layer model combining the power generation company's quotation decision-making layer and the multi-market clearing layer under the power-carbon-green certificate coupling; according to the electricity sales revenue of thermal power units, the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g According to the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit, the profit function R of the renewable energy unit is established. N , according to the profit function R of thermal power units g and the profit function R of renewable energy units N Construct the power supplier quotation decision layer; according to the electricity energy cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π .

[0136] The power company's quotation decision layer is the upper layer of the two-layer model, and the multi-market clearing layer under the power-carbon-green certificate coupling is the lower layer of the two-layer model. This step constructs a two-layer model that combines the power company's quotation decision layer and the multi-market clearing layer under the power-carbon-green certificate coupling. The bidding behavior of power companies in multiple markets is essentially an independent and non-cooperative game behavior. In the power-carbon-green certificate market coupling problem, each power company bids and chooses the optimal strategy to maximize its own interests. Its behavior affects the clearing results of multiple markets; and the power trading center obtains the market clearing results after integrating the power company's quotation information and market operation parameters and feeds back to the power company. Each thermal power unit and renewable energy unit updates its strategy based on the clearing results, and the cycle continues to achieve market equilibrium.

[0137] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the power-carbon-green certificate multi-market coupling double-layer model of the present invention. Specifically, the upper power generator quotation decision layer randomly generates the quotation data of the thermal power unit. and the price data of renewable energy units B′ w ;in, κ g and κ w are the bid coefficients of thermal power and renewable energy units, B w is the levelized cost of electricity of renewable energy units; the multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of power-carbon-green certificates is based on the quotation data of thermal power units and the price data of renewable energy units B′ w , in order to determine the output of thermal power units and the output of renewable energy units P w，t ; and settle the day-ahead electricity market clearing price λ n，t ; The upper layer is based on the output of thermal power units and the output of renewable energy units P w，t and the clearing price λ n，t , calculate the profit R of the thermal power unit g and the profit of renewable energy units R N ; The upper layer updates the quotation data of thermal power units and the price data of renewable energy units B′ w , and finally reach market equilibrium, that is, satisfy the Nash equilibrium Or the maximum number of iterations is reached, where i∈Ω, Ω represents the set of all units, including thermal power units and renewable energy units, Indicates the profit of the group in a new round of iteration, represents the profit of the group in the old iteration; when i = g, and Represents the profit of thermal power unit, when i=N, and Represents the profit of renewable energy units. The change value of the profit function of each unit is less than a certain tolerance value ε, that is, each unit cannot obtain more benefits by changing its strategy. The specific steps of step 3 include:

[0138] Step 31: Construct the power producer quotation decision layer, the specific steps include:

[0139] Step 311: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, establish the profit function of the thermal power unit.

[0140] Thermal power units often use the intercept or slope of the marginal cost function or a combination of the two as the quotation strategy coefficient, and they need to frequently change the quotation of thermal power units when the power changes slightly. In order to avoid frequent changes in the quotation of thermal power units, a step-type quotation curve function is adopted, where the starting point of the first output interval is the minimum power of the thermal power unit, and the end point of the last output interval is the maximum power of the thermal power unit.

[0141] Step 3111: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g，min and the maximum output power P g，max , get the quoted output length L of the g-th thermal power unit g , the formula is as follows:

[0142]

[0143] Step 3112: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g，min And the quoted output length L g , get the output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment As shown below:

[0144]

[0145] Step 3113: According to the fuel cost of the g-th thermal power unit and the output of the g-th thermal power unit in period t, the cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t is obtained. g，t , expressed by the following formula:

[0146] C g，t =0.5σ g (a g (P g，t ) 2 +b g P g，t )#(13)

[0147] In the formula, σ g is the unit fuel cost of the g-th thermal power unit; a g 、b g are the cost function coefficients of the g-th thermal power unit. It is generally believed that the power supply fuel consumption curve of the thermal power unit can be fitted as a quadratic function, a g and b g Obtained through fitting.

[0148] Step 3114: The cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t obtained in step 3113 is g，t Derivative, we get the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit g，t , the formula is as follows:

[0149] f g，t =σ g (a g P g，t +b g )#(14)

[0150] Step 3115: The output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment obtained in step 3112 is As shown in formula (12), substituting the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit into g，t , get the quotation function of thermal power units The formula is as follows:

[0151]

[0152] Step 3116: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g ,as follows:

[0153]

[0154] Where K is the number of quotation curve segments, which is 4; n，t is the node electricity price of n nodes; is the output of the thermal power unit at the kth energy segment at time t; C CET，g is the carbon trading cost of the g-th thermal power unit, C g，t is the power generation cost of the g-th thermal power unit in period t; α represents the renewable energy consumption weight of the power generation enterprise; κ g It is the bidding strategy coefficient of thermal power units, and its value is 1-1.5.

[0155] Profit function R of thermal power units g It can be expressed as the electricity sales revenue minus the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT And the power generation cost, among which the power generation cost, carbon trading cost under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism and green certificate trading cost are collectively referred to as the total cost.

[0156] For formula (16), the bidding constraints of thermal power units are:

[0157]

[0158] in, represents the price quoted by the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th energy segment; κ g is the quotation coefficient of the g-th thermal power unit, ranging from 1 to 1.5; C g，min and C g，max are the minimum and maximum bids of the g-th thermal power unit, respectively, g Take the quotes at 1 and 1.5, that is

[0159] Step 312: Establish the profit function R of the renewable energy unit based on the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit N , the formula is as follows:

[0160]

[0161] Where K is the number of quotation curve segments, which is 4; n，tis the node electricity price of n nodes; P w，t is the output of the renewable energy unit at time t; α represents the renewable energy consumption weight of the power generation enterprise; P GCT is the green certificate price; B w is the electricity cost of renewable energy units; w It is the bidding strategy coefficient of renewable energy units, and its value range is 1-1.5.

[0162] For new energy units, there is no fuel cost, and the levelized cost of electricity is used. w As the basis for quotation. Among them, the levelized cost of electricity is the cost and power generation during the life cycle of the project, and then the power generation cost is calculated, that is, the present value of the cost during the life cycle / the present value of the power generation during the life cycle.

[0163] The profit function RN of the renewable energy unit can be expressed as the electricity sales revenue plus the green certificate trading revenue minus the power generation cost, as shown in formula (19).

[0164] For formula (19), the bidding constraints of renewable energy units are:

[0165] B′ w =κ w B w #(20)

[0166] B w，min ≤B′ w ≤B w，max #(twenty one)

[0167] Among them, B′ w represents the price of renewable energy units; κ w is the quotation coefficient of renewable energy units, ranging from 1 to 1.5. w，min and B w，max are the minimum and maximum bids of renewable energy units, respectively, w Take the quotes at 1 and 1.5, that is, B w，min =B w , B w，max =1.5B w .

[0168] Step 32: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , the carbon trading cost C of the thermal power unit obtained in step 13 CET And the green certificate transaction cost C obtained in step 15 GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π , the specific contents include:

[0169] Step 321: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , establish the market clearing objective function R π , as shown below:

[0170] R π =C ELE +C CET +C GCT #(twenty two)

[0171]

[0172] Among them, Ω G ,Ω w Represent the collection of thermal power units and renewable energy units respectively; and B′ w denote the bids of thermal power and renewable energy units respectively; and P w，t are the outputs of thermal power units and renewable energy units at time t respectively; C CET is the carbon trading cost, as shown in formula (3); C GCT is the transaction cost of green certificates, as shown in formula (5).

[0173] Establish the market clearing objective function R π The purpose is to minimize the total cost of the power system.

[0174] The constraints for formula (22) are:

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] Among them, formula (24) is the power balance constraint of the power system; formulas (25) and (26) are the output constraints of thermal power and renewable energy units respectively; formulas (27) and (28) are the ramp constraints of thermal power units respectively; formula (29) is the line flow constraint; P Loss，t It is the power system network loss; is the node load; Ω D is the set of load nodes; t is the Lagrange multiplier for the power balance constraint of the power system; and are the climbing and sliding rates of the g-th thermal power unit respectively; The day-ahead forecast power reported by the renewable energy unit; P l，t is the transmission power of line L; is the maximum transmission power of line L; Gl,g , G l，w , D l,d are the power transfer factors between line L and the g-th thermal power unit, renewable energy w and load d respectively; N L is a collection of transmission lines.

[0178] Step 322: Based on the price quote of the thermal power unit and the price of renewable energy units B′ w , while satisfying equations (12), (15), (22)-(29), the output of the thermal power unit is obtained Output of renewable energy units P w，t and the Lagrange multiplier λ for the power balance constraint of the power system t , node electricity price λ n，t Numerically equal to the Lagrange multiplier λ of the power balance constraint of the power system t .

[0179] Step 323: According to the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit g ; Output of the gth thermal power unit Get the quote correction factor τ g :

[0180]

[0181] Since the carbon emission intensity δ of each thermal power unit g The environmental benefits are different because the bids are different. The bid correction factor is used to adjust the bids, linking the environmental benefits of the units with the bids, effectively promoting the low-carbon nature of the power market.

[0182] Step 324: Use the quote correction factor τ g Adjust the thermal power company's quotation and use the adjusted thermal power unit quotation To replace the The secondary market clearing is performed, and the clearing function is shown in formula (22). It is worth noting that the thermal power supplier’s quotation during the secondary clearing is As shown in formula (31).

[0183]

[0184] Step 4: Use the global nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve the two-layer model and obtain the optimization operation results.

[0185] like Figure 5 The figure shows the flow chart of the global nonlinear optimization algorithm of the present invention. The specific contents include:

[0186] Step 41: Input the fuel cost σ of the thermal power plant into the algorithm g、Carbon emission intensity of thermal power units δg 、 The cost of electricity from renewable energy units B w 、Minimum output P of thermal power unit g，min 、The maximum output of thermal power unit P g,max , cost coefficient a of thermal power unit g , cost coefficient b of thermal power unit g , load data P L，t , Renewable energy forecast power Carbon emission benchmark value η, green certificate quota ratio α, carbon trading price P CET , Green Certificate Price P GCT , marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 , capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , marginal emission factor of electricity λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , the number of quotation curve segments K;

[0187] Step 42: Randomly generate quote data within the quote range and B′ w , the quotation range is: B w，min ≤B′ w ≤B w，max ;

[0188] Step 43: Quote data according to step 42 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w， t and node electricity price λ n，t , substituting into equation (3) and equation (5), we can get the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism: CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , the result obtained in this step is the initial result.

[0189] Step 44: According to the output of the thermal power unit obtained in step 43 Output of renewable energy units P w，t , node electricity price λ n，t , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , respectively substituted into step 311 and step 312, and the profit R of each generator set is obtained. g and R N ;

[0190] Step 45: Update the quote data within the quote range and B′w , the quotation range is: B w，min ≤B′ w ≤B w，max ;

[0191] Step 46: Update the quotation data according to step 45 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w，t and node electricity price λ n，t , substituting into equation (3) and equation (5), we can get the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism: CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ;

[0192] Step 47: loop steps 44-46;

[0193] Step 48: Until Nash equilibrium is met Or the maximum number of iterations is reached, where i∈Ω, Ω represents the set of all units, including thermal power units and renewable energy units, Indicates the profit of the group in a new round of iteration, represents the profit of the group in the old iteration; when i = g, and Represents the profit of thermal power unit, when i=N, and Represents the profit of renewable energy units. The change value of the profit function of each unit is less than a certain tolerance value ε, that is, each unit cannot obtain more benefits by changing its strategy, and the algorithm ends.

[0194] Step 49: Output the output of thermal power units and renewable energy units and P w，t , clearing electricity price λ n，t 、Carbon emissions E ac 、Electricity cost C ELE 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and the profit R of each unit G and R N .

[0195] Preferably, step 4 uses the sparrow optimization algorithm to solve the double-layer model. The sparrow optimization algorithm has the characteristics of simple operation, good stability, and fast calculation speed. In the sparrow algorithm, the population is divided into discoverers and followers, and a sparrow danger warning mechanism is added, so that the sparrow optimization algorithm has better search capabilities.

[0196] Example 1

[0197] The following is a specific example to describe the process steps involved in the present invention in detail. In this example, the regional power system includes 6 generator sets. Among them, there are 5 thermal power units and 1 renewable energy unit. Thermal power unit 3 is a gas unit, thermal power units 1, 2, 4, and 5 are coal-fired generator sets, and the renewable energy unit is a wind turbine. The fuel cost of the coal-fired unit is σ g is 725 yuan / t, and the fuel cost of the gas unit is g 2.3 yuan / m 3 . Carbon emission intensity of 5 thermal power units δ g They are 0.525t / MWh, 0.9t / MWh, 0.3t / MWh, 0.87t / MWh and 0.875t / MWh respectively. The carbon emission benchmark value η in this area is 0.5t / MWh. The quota ratio α of green certificates is 15%. The carbon trading price P CET The green certificate price is 70 yuan / t. GCT The electricity cost of renewable energy units is 50 yuan per unit. w The minimum output of the five thermal power units is P g，min The maximum output of the five thermal power units is 120MW, 22MW, 20MW, 104MW and 40MW respectively. g，max They are 600MW, 110MW, 100MW, 520MW and 200MW respectively. The cost coefficient a of the five thermal power units is g are 0.0007, 0.001, 0.2998, 0.0008 and 0.0008 respectively, and the cost coefficient b g They are 0.2449, 0.2656, 107.012, 0.1952 and 0.2286 respectively. e1 and the capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 They are 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. OM and capacity marginal emission factor λ BM They are 0.8042 and 0.2135 respectively. The number of quotation curve segments K is 4. Figure 6 This is a load and wind power day-ahead predicted power curve diagram of the present invention.

[0198] Step 11: According to the carbon emission benchmark value η in this embodiment of 0.5t / MWh, the thermal power unit set Ω G , the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g，t , and obtain the carbon quota model of the system

[0199] Step 12: According to the set Ω of the five thermal power units in this embodiment G and the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit in the region g :δ1=0.525t / MWh、δ2=0.9t / MWh、δ3=0.3t / MWh、δ4=0.87t / MWh、δ5=0.875t / MWh. , get the actual carbon emission model of the system

[0200] Step 13: Based on the actual carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 12 ac , the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua and the carbon price P CET 70 yuan / t, and establish a carbon trading model for the power system

[0201] Step 14: According to the renewable energy consumption weight α of 15% and the load of 22856MW in this embodiment, a renewable energy quota model for the power system is established.

[0202] Step 15: Based on the renewable energy output P WT , the renewable energy quota N obtained in step 14 q and green certificate price P GCT 50 yuan / book, establish a systematic green certificate trading model

[0203]

[0204] Step 211: According to the carbon emission intensity δ of the five thermal power units in this embodiment g The set of thermal power units is: δ1 = 0.525t / MWh, δ2 = 0.9t / MWh, δ3 = 0.3t / MWh, δ4 = 0.87t / MWh, 65 = 0.875t / MWh, G and the number of thermal power units N G , and obtain the carbon emissions of thermal power units

[0205] Step 212: According to the marginal emission factor weight ξ of the power system in this embodiment e1 and the capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 are 0.75 and 0.25 respectively, and the marginal emission factor of electricity OM and capacity marginal emission factor λ BM The carbon emission reduction E of renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate is 0.8042 and 0.2135 respectively. new =λ OM ξ e1 +λBM ξ e2 =0.8042*0.75+0.2135*0.25=0.656525.

[0206] Step 213: Carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 211 thermal and the carbon emission reduction E of the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate obtained in step 212 new , and the carbon emission reduction reflected by the green certificate is obtained

[0207] Step 22: Based on the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua , renewable energy output of power generation enterprises P WT , the renewable energy quota N of the power generation enterprise obtained in step 14 q , the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate obtained in step 21 GCT , and obtain the carbon quota of the power system after the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism

[0208] Step 23: The carbon quota E obtained in step 13 qua Carbon quota E of the power system after replacing it with the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism qua′ , thus obtaining the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET .

[0209] Step 3111: According to the minimum output P of the five thermal power units in this embodiment g，min The maximum output of the five thermal power units is 120MW, 22MW, 20MW, 104MW and 40MW respectively. g,max They are 600MW, 110MW, 100MW, 520MW and 200MW respectively, and the quoted output length of thermal power unit g is obtained.

[0210] Step 3112: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g,min And the quoted output length L g , get the output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment As shown below:

[0211]

[0212] Step 3113: In this embodiment, the thermal power unit 3 is a gas-fired unit, and the thermal power units 1, 2, 4, and 5 are coal-fired power units. The fuel cost σ of the coal-fired unit g is 725 yuan / t, and the fuel cost of the gas unit is g 2.3 yuan / m 3The cost coefficient a of 5 thermal power units g are 0.0007, 0.001, 0.2998, 0.0008 and 0.0008 respectively, and the cost coefficient b g They are 0.2449, 0.2656, 107.012, 0.1952 and 0.2286 respectively. Substituting into formula (13), we can get the cost function C of each thermal power unit. g，t .

[0213] Step 3114: The cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t obtained in step 3113 is g，t Derivative, we get the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit g，t .

[0214] Step 3115: The output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment obtained in step 3112 is Substitute the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit into g，t , get the quotation function of thermal power units

[0215] Step 3116: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g ,as follows:

[0216]

[0217] Step 312: Establish the profit function R of the renewable energy unit based on the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit N , the formula is as follows:

[0218]

[0219] In the formula, α represents the renewable energy consumption weight in this embodiment, which is 15%; P GCT The price of green certificate is 50 yuan per copy; B w is the electricity cost of the new energy unit, which is 320 yuan / MWh; w It is the quotation coefficient of renewable energy units, ranging from 1 to 1.5.

[0220] Step 321: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , establish the market clearing objective function R π , as shown below:

[0221] R π =C ELE +C CET +C GCT #(twenty two)

[0222]

[0223] Step 322: Based on the price quote of the thermal power unit and the price of renewable energy units B′ w , while satisfying equations (12), (15), (17), (18), (20)-(29), the output of the thermal power unit is obtained Output of renewable energy units P w，t and node electricity price λ n，t .

[0224] Step 323: Based on the carbon emission intensity δ of the five thermal power units in this embodiment g δ1=0.525t / MWh、δ2=0.9t / MWh、δ3=0.3t / MWh、δ4=0.87t / MWh、65=0.875t / MWh、K is the number of quotation curve segments, which is 4. The set of thermal power units Ω G And the output of the gth thermal power unit obtained by the first clearing Establishing quote correction factors

[0225] Step 324: Use the quote correction factor τ g Adjust the thermal power company's quotation and use the adjusted thermal power unit quotation To replace the The secondary market clearing is performed, and the clearing function is shown in formula (22). It is worth noting that the thermal power supplier’s quotation during the secondary clearing is

[0226] Step 41: Input the fuel cost σ of the thermal power plant into the algorithm g 、Carbon emission intensity of thermal power unitsδ g , the electricity cost of renewable energy units B w 、Minimum output P of thermal power unit g,min 、The maximum output of thermal power unit P g,max , cost coefficient a of thermal power unit g , cost coefficient b of thermal power unit g , load data P L，t , Renewable energy forecast power Carbon emission benchmark value η, green certificate quota ratio α, carbon trading price P CET , Green Certificate Price P GCT , marginal emission factor weight of electricitye1 , capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , marginal emission factor of electricity λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , the number of quotation curve segments K;

[0227] Step 42: Randomly generate quote data within the quote range and B′ w ;

[0228] Step 43: Quote data according to step 42 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w，t and node electricity price λ n，t , substituting into equation (3) and equation (5), we can get the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism: CET and green certificate transaction cost C CCT .

[0229] Step 44: According to the output of the thermal power unit obtained in step 43 Output of renewable energy units P w，t , node electricity price λ n，t , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , respectively substituted into step 311 and step 312, and the profit R of each generator set is obtained. g and R N ;

[0230] Step 45: Update the quote data within the quote range and B′ w ;

[0231] Step 46: Update the quotation data according to step 45 and B′ w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w，t and node electricity price λ n，t , substituting into equation (3) and equation (5), we can get the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism: CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ;

[0232] Step 47: loop steps 44-46;

[0233] Step 48: Until Nash equilibrium is met Or the maximum number of iterations is reached and the algorithm ends.

[0234] Step 49: Output the output of thermal power units and renewable energy units and P w，t , clearing electricity price λ n，t 、Carbon emissions E ac , Electricity cost C ELE 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and the profit R of each unit G and R N .

[0235] The algorithm case finally concluded that the output of each unit is as follows: Figure 7 In this model, the new energy units are fully powered, and the output of units with higher carbon emission intensity is reduced, which promotes the low-carbon benefits of the system; the carbon emissions are 13534t, the average clearing electricity price is 318.12 yuan / MWh, the electricity cost is 6318769 yuan, the carbon trading cost is 283416 yuan, and the green certificate trading cost is -29856 yuan, as shown in Table 1:

[0236] Table 1 Market clearing results

[0237]

[0238] The profits of thermal power units G1~G5 are 382966, 124347, 107526, 429114 and 275998 yuan, and the profit of new energy units is 171104 yuan, as shown in Table 2.

[0239] Table 2 Profits of each unit

[0240]

[0241] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A new low-carbon operation method for power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in power market, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1: Construct the carbon trading model and green certificate trading model of the power generation unit, and obtain the carbon trading cost C GET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ; Step 2: Establish a carbon-green certificate mutual recognition mechanism to obtain the carbon emission reduction E reflected in the green certificate GCT Carbon quota E of power system after mutual recognition and trading mechanism of carbon and green certificates qua' , the carbon quota E obtained in step 1 qua Carbon quota E of the power system after replacing it with the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism qua' , thus obtaining the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET ; Step 3: Construct a two-layer model combining the power generation company's quotation decision-making layer and the multi-market clearing layer under the power-carbon-green certificate coupling; according to the electricity sales revenue of thermal power units, the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g According to the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit, the profit function R of the renewable energy unit is established. N , according to the profit function R of thermal power units g and the profit function R of renewable energy units N Construct the power supplier quotation decision layer; according to the electricity energy cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π ; Step 4: Use the global nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve the two-layer model and obtain the optimization operation results.

2. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 1 is characterized by: The specific steps of step 1 are as follows: Step 11: Based on the carbon emission baseline value η and the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g,t , establish carbon quota E for thermal power units qua The model is as follows: In the formula, Ω G is the set of thermal power units; T is the scheduling period; Step 12: According to the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g,t and the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit g , establish the actual carbon emissions of thermal power units E ac The model is as follows: Step 13: Based on the actual carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 12 ac , the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua and the carbon price P CET , establish the carbon trading model of the power system and obtain the carbon trading cost C CET :C CET =P CET (E ac -E qua ); Step 14: Based on the renewable energy consumption weight α of the power generation enterprise and the load P of the power generation enterprise in period t L,t , establish renewable energy quota N for the power system q The model is as follows: Step 15: Based on the renewable energy output P of the power generation enterprise WT 、Renewable energy quota N q And the green certificate transaction price P GCT , establish the green certificate transaction model of the power system, and obtain the green certificate transaction cost C GCT , the formula is as follows: Where μ is the proportion of actual renewable energy generation in the power system to total power generation.

3. The new low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 2 is characterized by: The specific steps of step 2 are as follows: Step 21: Based on the carbon emissions E generated by the thermal power unit thermal And the carbon emissions E generated by renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new , and obtain the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate GCT , the formula is as follows: AND GCT =And thermal -AND new Step 211: According to the set Ω of thermal power units G , the carbon emission intensity of the g-th thermal power unit δ g and the number of thermal power units N G , and obtain the carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit thermal , the formula is as follows: Step 212: Based on the marginal emission factor λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 and the capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , and obtain the carbon emission reduction E of renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate new : E new =λ OM x e1 +λ BM x e2 ; Step 213: Carbon emissions E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 211 thermal and the carbon emission reduction E of the renewable energy power generation corresponding to the green certificate obtained in step 212 new , and the carbon emission reduction E reflected by the green certificate is obtained GCT : AND GCT =And thermal -AND new ; Step 22: Based on the carbon quota E of the thermal power unit obtained in step 11 qua , combined with the renewable energy output P of power generation enterprises WT , the renewable energy quota N of the power generation enterprise obtained in step 14 q , the carbon emission reduction amount E reflected by the green certificate obtained in step 21 GCT , and obtain the carbon quota E of the power system after the CET-GCT mutual recognition trading mechanism qua' : AND qua' =And qua +(P WT -N q )AND GCT Step 23: The carbon quota E obtained in step 13 qua Carbon quota E of the power system after replacing it with the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism qua' , thus obtaining the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET .

4. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 3 is characterized by: The specific steps of step 3 are as follows: Step 31: Construct the power generator quotation decision layer; Step 311: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT and the cost of power generation, to establish the profit function of thermal power units; Step 3111: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g,min and the maximum output power P g,max , get the quoted output length of the g-th thermal power unit Step 3112: According to the minimum output power P of the g-th thermal power unit g,min And the quoted output length L g , get the output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment As shown below: Step 3113: According to the fuel cost σ of the g-th thermal power unit g And the output P of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g,t , we get the cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t g,t , the formula is as follows: C g,t 0.5σ g (a g (P g,t ) 2 +b g P.S g,t ) Where a g 、b g are the cost function coefficients of the g-th thermal power unit respectively; Step 3114: The cost function C of the g-th thermal power unit in period t obtained in step 3113 is g,t Derivative, we get the marginal cost function f of the g-th thermal power unit g,t =σ g (a g P g,t +b g ); Step 3115: The output corresponding to the quotation of the g-th thermal power unit in the k-th segment obtained in step 3112 is Substitute the marginal cost function f of the thermal power unit into g,t , get the quotation function of the g-th thermal power unit The formula is as follows: Step 3116: Based on the electricity sales revenue of the thermal power unit and the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT As well as the power generation cost, the profit function R of the thermal power unit is established g , the formula is as follows: Where K is the number of quotation curve segments; λ n,t is the node electricity price of n nodes; is the output of the thermal power unit at the kth energy segment at time t; C CET,g is the carbon trading cost of the g-th thermal power unit, C g,t is the power generation cost of the g-th thermal power unit in period t; k g is the bidding strategy coefficient of the thermal power unit; Step 312: Establish the profit function R of the renewable energy unit based on the electricity sales income, green certificate trading income and power generation cost of the renewable energy unit N , the formula is as follows: Where P w,t is the output of the renewable energy unit at time t; P GCT is the green certificate price; B w is the electricity cost of renewable energy units; w is the bidding strategy coefficient of renewable energy units; Step 32: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , the carbon trading cost C of the thermal power unit under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism obtained in step 23 CET And the green certificate transaction cost C obtained in step 15 GCT , construct a multi-market clearing layer under the coupling of electricity, carbon and green certificates, and obtain the market clearing objective function R π ; Step 321: Based on the electricity cost C ELE , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , establish the market clearing objective function R π , as shown below: my R π =C ELE +C CET +C GCT #(5) Among them, Ω G ,Ω w Represent the collection of thermal power units and renewable energy units respectively; and B' w denote the bids of thermal power and renewable energy units respectively; and P w,t are the outputs of thermal power units and renewable energy units at time t respectively; The constraints of formula (5) are: Among them, P Loss,t It is the power system network loss; is the node load; Ω D is the set of load nodes; t is the Lagrange multiplier for the power balance constraint of the power system; and are the climbing and sliding rates of the g-th thermal power unit respectively; The day-ahead forecast power reported by the renewable energy unit; P l,t is the transmission power of line L; is the maximum transmission power of line L; G l,g , G l,w , D l,d are the power transfer factors between line L and the g-th thermal power unit, renewable energy w and load d respectively; N L is a collection of transmission lines; Step 322: Based on the price quote of the thermal power unit and the price of renewable energy units B' w , while satisfying equations (1), (2), (5)-(12), the output of the thermal power unit is obtained Output of renewable energy units P w,t and the Lagrange multiplier λ for the power balance constraint of the power system t , node electricity price λ n,t Numerically equal to the Lagrange multiplier λ of the power balance constraint of the power system t ; Step 323: According to the carbon emission intensity δ of the g-th thermal power unit g ; Output of the gth thermal power unit Get the quote correction factor τ g , the formula is as follows: Step 324: Use the quote correction factor τ g Adjust the thermal power company's quotation and use the adjusted thermal power unit quotation To replace the The secondary market clearing is carried out. The thermal power supplier's quotation during the secondary clearing is 5. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 4 is characterized by: The specific steps of step 4 are as follows: Step 41: Input the fuel cost σ of the thermal power plant into the algorithm g 、Carbon emission intensity of thermal power unitsδ g , the electricity cost of renewable energy units B w 、Minimum output P of thermal power unit g,min 、The maximum output of thermal power unit P g,max , cost coefficient a of thermal power unit g , cost coefficient b of thermal power unit g , load data P L,t , Renewable energy forecast power Carbon emission benchmark value η, green certificate quota ratio α, carbon trading price P CET , Green Certificate Price P GCT , marginal emission factor weight of electricity e1 , capacity marginal emission factor weight ξ e2 , marginal emission factor of electricity λ OM , capacity marginal emission factor λ BM , the number of quotation curve segments K; Step 42: Randomly generate quotation data within the quotation range and B' w ; Step 43: Quote data according to step 42 and B' w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w,t and node electricity price λ n,t , and then obtain the carbon trading cost C under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT ; Step 44: According to the output of the thermal power unit obtained in step 43 Output of renewable energy units P w,t , node electricity price λ n,t , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and green certificate transaction cost C GCT , respectively substituted into step 311 and step 312, and the profit R of each generator set is obtained. g and R N ; Step 45: Update the quote data within the quote range and B' w ; Step 46: Update the quotation data according to step 45 and B' w , execute step 322 to obtain the output of the thermal power unit Output of renewable energy units P w,t and node electricity price λ n,t , and then get the carbon market trading results C CET and green certificate market transaction results C GCT ; Step 47: loop steps 44-46; Step 48: Until Nash equilibrium is met Or the maximum number of iterations is reached, where i∈Ω, Ω represents the set of all units, including thermal power units and renewable energy units, Indicates the profit of the group in a new round of iteration, represents the profit of the group in the old iteration; when i = g, and Represents the profit of thermal power unit, when i=N, and Represents the profit of renewable energy units. The change value of the profit function of each unit is less than a certain tolerance value ε, that is, each unit cannot obtain more benefits by changing its strategy; Step 49: Output the output of thermal power units and renewable energy units and P w,t , clearing electricity price λ n,t 、Carbon emissions E ac , Electricity cost C ELE 、Green certificate transaction cost C GCT , Carbon trading costs under the carbon-green certificate mutual recognition trading mechanism C CET and the profit R of each unit G and R N .

6. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 5 is characterized by: The global nonlinear optimization algorithm adopted in step 4 is the sparrow optimization algorithm.

7. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 5 is characterized by: The number of quotation curve segments K is set to 4.

8. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 5 is characterized by: The bidding strategy coefficient k of the thermal power unit g and the bidding strategy coefficient k of renewable energy units w The value range is 1-1.

5.

9. The new low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 5 is characterized by: The constraints of the thermal power unit quotation in step 3116 are:

10. The novel low-carbon operation method of the power system with mutual recognition of carbon and green certificates in the power market according to claim 5 is characterized by: The constraint conditions for the renewable energy unit quotation in step 312 are: B′ w =k w B w B w,min ≤B′ w ≤B w,max 。

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