Facility vegetable ridge planting sealing disease prevention method

Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse vegetable ridge planting sealing disease prevention method. The method comprises the steps that firstly, collected paper is used for standby application, and a sealing material is manufactured; 2, ridging is carried out, watering ditches are formed in the middles of ridges, then film mulching is carried out, and field planting holes are punched in the film for field planting; and step 3, spreading a prepared sealing material on the film along the field planting opening, and sealing. The method has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, easiness in popularization, moisture prevention, high-temperature gas damage prevention, harmful gas overflow prevention, waste paper utilization and ecological environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting hole sealing, and in particular to a disease prevention method for ridge planting of vegetable in facilities. Background Art

[0002] If the planting holes are not sealed tightly after vegetable planting, it may lead to: A. Scalding seedlings after planting in early spring, summer and autumn; B. Harmful gases (NH3, etc.) in the soil gush out through the planting holes, injuring or killing the seedlings; C. Soil moisture evaporates through the planting openings, increasing the humidity in the greenhouse and inducing various diseases (such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold, etc.).

[0003] The above problems are particularly serious in the lower leaves near the planting port. These situations are more common in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable facilities, and the harm is more serious. According to research and investigation, at the end of June 2021, after the cucumbers were planted in the plastic greenhouse in Fuping Village, Beiwan Town, Jingyuan County, many farmers' cucumber seedlings had dry leaves, wilted growth points, and even died after film laying, with an incidence rate of 10-15%. More farmers began to suffer from downy mildew after film laying and watering, with an incidence rate of more than 80%.

[0004] At present, there are mostly two modes of planting cucumbers in greenhouses.

[0005] Planting mode 1: first make ridges, then cover with film, then make planting holes on the film, and then plant.

[0006] Planting mode 2: First make ridges, then plant directly, and cover with film after the seedlings have finished acclimatizing. In this planting mode, the opening of the film at the planting hole is larger.

[0007] For the above two planting modes, the existing planting technology does not adopt any sealing measures for the planting holes, resulting in frequent scalding of seedlings by high-temperature gas under the film and fumigation of seedlings by fertilizers during the growth stage of seedlings after planting. The high-temperature and high-humidity gas induces various diseases, causing leaf dryness, aggravation of diseases or death of seedlings, and seriously affecting quality and yield. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to overcome the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for sealing and preventing diseases in ridge planting of vegetables in facilities. The method is simple to operate and easy to promote. It aims to solve the problems of moisture prevention, high temperature gas damage prevention, and harmful gas overflow prevention. The waste paper utilization has the characteristics of ecological and environmental protection.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for preventing diseases by sealing ridges of vegetable plants in facilities, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Set aside the collected paper to make sealing materials; Step 2: Ridge up, dig irrigation ditches in the middle of the ridges, cover with film, and then make planting holes on the film for planting; Step 3: Spread the prepared sealing material along the planting opening and lay it flat on the membrane to seal it.

[0010] The step 1 is specifically as follows: Step 1: Prepare paper cutters, impact drills, and cutting machines in advance, and collect waste books, newspapers, exercise books, and other paper for use; Step 2: Use a paper cutter to cut used books, newspapers, exercise books and other papers into 32K size.

[0011] Step 3: Stack the cut 32K paper and compact it to a height of about 10 to 15 cm, and mark the punching position at the center point of the diagonal line of the 32K paper; Step 4: Use a 15mm diameter impact drill to punch holes in all 32K papers about 10 to 15cm high at the marked center point, and make sure that the hole diameter of each paper is consistent. Step 5: Use a cutting machine to cut the punched paper vertically along the center hole toward the long side of the 32K paper. The cut should be smooth and consistent. The step 2 is specifically as follows: Planting mode 1: First make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the ridge, then cover with film, compact both sides of the ridge film, then make planting holes on the film, and then plant according to the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped watering ditch. After the seedling water has basically penetrated (2 to 3 days), prepare to seal with the prepared sealing material.

[0012] Planting mode two: first make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the ridge, make planting holes, and then plant directly in the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped watering ditch. After the seedling-raising water is completely dry (10 to 15 days), cover the ridges with film. While covering the film, make holes in the film at the location of the planting holes. Carefully release the seedlings and compact both sides of the ridge film. After all the film covering is completed, prepare to seal it with the prepared sealing material.

[0013] The step three is specifically as follows: Step 1: Spread the prepared sealing material along the planting opening and lay it flat on the film, with the long side of the 32K paper parallel to the ridge edge; Step 2: Open the long side of the 32K paper, insert the center hole into the base of the cucumber seedling stem, and then close the paper cut, keep the paper close to the film surface and keep it parallel to the film surface, so that the base of the cucumber seedling stem is located at the center hole of the 32K paper, and at the same time make the sealing paper completely cover the planting hole of the mulch film; Step 3: Check whether the sealing paper has sealed the planting opening. If the opening is large, you can add more sealing paper, and then spread the paper flat and close to the ground film to ensure the sealing quality and effect.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The invention utilizes waste newspapers, books and other papers as sealing materials, which are easy to collect, and the papers are soft and have low hardness, so they are easy to cut.

[0015] The invention uses paper as the sealing material, which is simple to manufacture and convenient for growers to manufacture by themselves.

[0016] Paper has a certain adsorption capacity. After absorbing water, it can fit well with the ground film and has a good sealing effect. It can better block high temperature, high humidity and harmful gases, and has a better anti-scalding and disease prevention effect.

[0017] The sealing material prepared by the invention is easy to install and can be directly sleeved on the base of the plant stem along the cut, which is easy to operate and does not require much work.

[0018] The invention uses paper for sealing, utilizes the permeability and adsorption of paper, has good buffering effect, and can better provide a safe growth environment for the plant root system.

[0019] The invention reuses waste materials, is cheap, convenient, easy to operate, saves labor and effort, has good prevention and treatment effects, is ecological and environmentally friendly, and achieves multiple goals at one stroke. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of paper punching according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of planting and sealing of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a method for sealing the ridges for preventing diseases of vegetable plants in facilities comprises the following steps: Step 1: Make sealing material; Step 1: Prepare paper cutters, impact drills, and cutting machines in advance, and collect waste books, newspapers, exercise books, and other paper for use; Step 2: Use a paper cutter to cut used books, newspapers, exercise books and other papers into 32K size.

[0024] Step 3: Stack the cut 32K paper and compact it to a height of about 10 to 15 cm, and mark the punching position at the center point of the diagonal line of the 32K paper; Step 4: Use a 15mm diameter impact drill to punch holes in all 32K papers about 10 to 15cm high at the marked center point, and make sure that the hole diameter of each paper is consistent. Step 5: Use a cutting machine to cut the punched paper vertically along the center hole toward the long side of the 32K paper. The cut should be smooth and consistent. Step 2: Planting; Step 1, planting mode 1: first make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped irrigation ditch in the middle of the ridge, then cover with film, compact both sides of the ridge film, then make planting holes on the film, and then plant according to the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped irrigation ditch. After the seedling water is basically penetrated (2-3 days), prepare to seal with the prepared sealing material; Step 2, Planting Mode 2: First, make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the ridge, make planting holes, and then plant directly in the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped watering ditch. After the seedling-raising water is completely dry (10 to 15 days), cover the ridges with film. While covering the film, make holes in the film at the location of the planting holes. Carefully release the seedlings and compact both sides of the ridge film. After all the film covering is completed, use the prepared sealing material to prepare for sealing.

[0025] Step 3: Seal; Step 1: Spread the prepared sealing material along the planting opening and lay it flat on the film, with the long side of the 32K paper parallel to the ridge edge; Step 2: Open the long side of the 32K paper, insert the center hole into the base of the cucumber seedling stem, and then close the paper cut, keep the paper close to the film surface and keep it parallel to the film surface, so that the base of the cucumber seedling stem is located at the center hole of the 32K paper, and at the same time make the sealing paper completely cover the planting hole on the ground film; Step 3: Check whether the sealing paper has sealed the planting opening. If the opening is large, you can add more sealing paper, and then spread the paper flat and close to the ground film to ensure the sealing quality and effect. Example

[0026] In June 2021, a test of a disease prevention method of ridge planting and sealing of facility vegetables was carried out in plastic greenhouse cucumbers in Fuping Village, Beiwan Town, Jingyuan County. The experimental greenhouse is 65m long, 8m wide, and 2.6m high. On May 18, 2021, the second planting mode was adopted for planting. The film was covered on June 2, and the sealing paper was used to seal on June 3-4. Among them, the 30m×8m cucumber seedlings planted in the greenhouse were sealed as the treatment area; the 35m×8m cucumber seedlings were not sealed as the control area for comparative experiments.

[0027] Observation 20 days after sealing: the seedlings in the treatment area grew healthily without downy mildew, while downy mildew had generally occurred in the control area, with the disease rate reaching over 60%. Example

[0028] Based on Example 1, another experiment was conducted on a large crop of cucumbers in a solar greenhouse in Fuping Village, Beiwan Town, Jingyuan County in October 2021. One greenhouse (net length 65m×8m) was not sealed after planting, and the other greenhouse (net length 60m×8m) was sealed after film covering, leaving 4 ridges in the center of the greenhouse unsealed as a control.

[0029] Cucumbers in both greenhouses were planted on October 27 and 28, 2021, covered with film on November 10 and 11, and sealed with sealing paper on November 12. On November 19, a temperature and humidity recorder (WSZY-2AB, Beijing Tianjian Huayi) was hung at a height of 10 cm from the ridge surface on the 11th plant to the south of the north side of the sealing area and the control area, respectively, with a recording interval of 1 hour to measure the temperature and humidity changes near the ground. The measurement ended on December 10, and the measurement period was 20 days. The incidence of downy mildew in the treatment and control was counted on December 24, 2021.

[0030] The results of the experiment showed that: (1) the average temperature, average maximum temperature and average minimum temperature at 10 cm near the ground in the treatment area were 0.2℃, 0.96℃ and 0.2℃ higher than those in the control area, respectively; (2) the average relative humidity, average maximum relative humidity and average minimum relative humidity in the treatment area were -0.97%, 0.25% and -6.41% higher than those in the control area, respectively; (3) after watering on November 29, the average relative humidity, average maximum relative humidity and average minimum relative humidity in the treatment area were -1.61%, 0.26% and -10.62% higher than those in the control area for 5 consecutive days; (4) the time when the average daily relative humidity in the treatment area was ≥70%, ≥75% and ≥80% was 27min, 33min and 48min shorter than that in the control area; (5) the time when the relative humidity was <70% was extended by 27min, and the time when it was <50% was extended by 15min, and the low humidity period in the greenhouse was significantly extended; (6) the disease index of downy mildew in the treatment area and the control area were 26.64% and 43.29%, respectively, and the prevention efficiency was 38.46%.

[0031] The test results show that after sealing with sealing paper, the temperature near the ground slightly increased, the relative humidity slightly decreased, and the high humidity period (relative humidity ≥ 80%) in the greenhouse was significantly shortened, which is beneficial to the ecological prevention and control of downy mildew.

Claims

1. A method for preventing diseases in ridge planting of vegetable facilities, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Set aside the collected paper to make sealing materials; Step 2: Ridge up, dig irrigation ditches in the middle of the ridges, cover with film, and then make planting holes on the film for fixed value; Step 3: Spread the prepared sealing material along the planting opening and lay it flat on the membrane to seal it.

2. A method for preventing diseases in ridge planting of greenhouse vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 1 is specifically as follows: Step 1: Prepare paper cutters, impact drills, and cutting machines in advance, and collect old books, newspapers, and exercise books for use; Step 2: Use a paper cutter to cut the used books, newspapers and exercise books into 32K size; Step 3: Stack the cut 32K paper and compact it to a height of about 10 to 15 cm, and mark the punching position at the center point of the diagonal line of the 32K paper; Step 4: Use a 15mm diameter impact drill to punch holes in all 32K papers about 10 to 15cm high at the marked center point, and make sure that the hole diameter of each paper is consistent. Step 5: Use a cutting machine to cut the punched paper vertically along the center hole toward the long side of the 32K paper. The cut should be smooth and consistent.

3. A method for preventing diseases in ridge planting of greenhouse vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 is specifically as follows: Planting mode 1: First make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the ridge, then cover with film, and then make planting holes on the film. Then plant according to the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped watering ditch. After the seedling water has basically penetrated (2 to 3 days), prepare to seal with the prepared sealing material.

4. A method for preventing diseases in ridge planting of greenhouse vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: Planting mode 2: First make ridges, open a 15cm diameter "V"-shaped watering ditch in the middle of the ridge, make planting holes, and then plant directly in the planting holes. After planting, water the seedlings along the "V"-shaped watering ditch. After the seedling-raising water is completely dry (10 to 15 days), cover the ridges with film. While covering the film, make holes in the film at the location of the planting holes. Carefully release the seedlings and compact both sides of the ridge film. After all the film covering is completed, use the prepared sealing material to prepare for sealing.

5. A method for preventing diseases in ridge planting of greenhouse vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step three is specifically as follows: Step 1: Spread the prepared sealing material along the planting opening and lay it flat on the film, with the long side of the 32K paper parallel to the ridge edge; Step 2: Open the long side of the 32K paper, insert the center hole into the base of the cucumber seedling stem, and then close the paper cut, keep the paper close to the film surface and keep it parallel to the film surface, so that the base of the cucumber seedling stem is located at the center hole of the 32K paper, and at the same time make the sealing paper completely cover the planting hole on the ground film; Step 3: Check whether the sealing paper has sealed the planting opening. If the opening is large, you can add more sealing paper, and then spread the paper flat and close to the ground film to ensure the sealing quality and effect.

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