Die-free and die multi-step spinning forming method for thin-wall rotary body component

Abstract

The invention provides a die-free and die multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-wall rotary body component, and aims to simplify the spinning process of a large component. According to the method, firstly, a plate is pre-formed through dieless spinning, a single pass or multiple passes can be flexibly set, and intermediate heat treatment is introduced when necessary; and finally, the die spinning of the final pass is completed on the only one set of core die, and the forming precision is ensured. According to the method, the die replacement and debugging cost is reduced, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, the production period is greatly shortened, and the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing components such as rocket fuel storage tanks in the aerospace field with strict requirements for bearing performance, shape precision and light weight.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal plastic processing, in particular to a dieless-die multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-walled rotating body component. Background Art

[0002] In the field of major aerospace equipment industry, thin-walled rotating body components, such as rocket fuel tanks, have become indispensable parts due to their high load-bearing performance requirements, strict shape accuracy and lightweight structure requirements. These components operate in extreme working environments, which poses great challenges to the manufacturing process.

[0003] Traditional thin-walled rotating body component manufacturing methods mostly use split manufacturing methods, such as melon slice drawing and welding. However, this method has obvious defects: a large number of spliced ​​components, complex tooling, low manufacturing efficiency, and large residual stress generated during the welding process, making it difficult to ensure the final forming accuracy. In addition, the presence of welds also increases the potential failure risk of components.

[0004] As an advanced metal plastic processing method, spinning technology is gradually becoming the mainstream technology for manufacturing thin-walled rotating body components due to its good forming performance and high forming precision. Taking the manufacturing of the bottom of a rocket fuel tank as an example, the use of spinning technology can realize the overall manufacturing of the bottom of the tank, effectively reducing the number of welds, avoiding deformation caused by welding, and at the same time reducing the number of components and complex tooling, significantly improving manufacturing efficiency.

[0005] However, in the current spinning process, the sheet metal is usually subjected to multiple passes of die spinning and then to shape-correcting spinning after quenching. This process has two main problems: first, the component will produce large thermal shrinkage deformation after quenching, which makes it difficult to fit into the core mold during shape correction, increasing manufacturing costs; second, in order to compensate for thermal deformation, a larger mold needs to be used before quenching, which also increases manufacturing costs and production cycles.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the above problems, how to simplify the spinning process, reduce mold replacement and debugging costs, and shorten the production cycle while ensuring the final forming accuracy has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in the current field of thin-walled rotating component manufacturing. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-step spinning forming method of a thin-walled rotating body component with or without a die.

[0008] According to the present invention, a multi-step spinning method for thin-walled rotating body components without mold or with mold is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: performing dieless spinning preforming on the sheet material to obtain a preformed blank;

[0010] Step S2: Use die spinning to form the preformed blank to obtain a thin-walled rotating body component of a final shape.

[0011] Preferably, the dieless spinning preforming in step S1 includes at least one pass of dieless spinning, and intermediate heat treatment is performed between the spinning passes.

[0012] Preferably, step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step S1.1: Determine the process parameters of each intermediate pass of dieless spinning based on the slab material and the target part shape;

[0014] Step S1.2: performing dieless spinning preforming according to the determined process parameters, wherein the process parameters are adjusted in real time according to the actual situation of the blank;

[0015] Step S1.3: performing intermediate heat treatment on the preformed blank obtained by dieless spinning.

[0016] Preferably, the dieless spinning preforming in step S1 includes multiple passes of dieless spinning; and the dieless spinning preforming is performed on a core mold of die spinning in step S2.

[0017] Preferably, the dieless spinning preforming in step S1 is performed by means of an external device or an energy field assistance; the dieless spinning preforming is performed by spinning with a multi-rotor.

[0018] Preferably, the intermediate heat treatment step comprises any one or more types of heat treatment such as quenching and annealing.

[0019] Preferably, the dieless spinning preforming in step S1 further comprises real-time monitoring of the stress state of the sheet material during the spinning process, and adjusting the spinning process parameters according to the monitoring results.

[0020] Preferably, during the dieless spinning preforming process of step S1, when it is found that sufficient preforming cannot be achieved through dieless spinning, the preforming is switched to die spinning to continue to complete the preforming.

[0021] Preferably, the die spinning in step S2 is performed using a high-precision CNC spinning machine.

[0022] Preferably, the method further comprises performing an aging treatment on the final formed part after step S2.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention adopts dieless spinning in the preceding pass and uses die spinning only in the final pass, so that only one spinning core mold is needed in the entire multi-pass spinning forming process, thereby reducing the number of mold replacement and debugging times and reducing mold costs;

[0025] 2. The present invention can quickly form a preform close to the final shape through the pre-order pass of dieless spinning, which provides a good foundation for the final pass of die spinning, reduces the waiting time and processing time in the overall manufacturing process, and shortens the production cycle;

[0026] 3. The present invention ensures the shape accuracy and surface quality of the final formed part by using die spinning in the final pass, which not only utilizes the high efficiency of dieless spinning, but also ensures the high precision characteristics of die spinning; the preceding pass of dieless spinning reduces the deformation and residual stress caused by welding and other processes, so that the final formed part has better shape stability and dimensional accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the forming process of the dieless-die multi-step spinning forming method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] in:

[0031] Rotary wheel 1 core mold 3

[0032] Sheet 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to the present invention, a multi-step spinning method for thin-walled rotating body components without mold or with mold is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0036] Step S1: Perform dieless spinning preforming on the sheet material to obtain a preformed blank; dieless spinning preforming includes at least one dieless spinning pass, and intermediate heat treatment is performed between the spinning passes. The intermediate heat treatment step includes any one or more heat treatment types of quenching and annealing.

[0037] Step S1.1: Determine the process parameters of each intermediate pass of dieless spinning based on the slab material and the target part shape;

[0038] Step S1.2: performing dieless spinning preforming according to the determined process parameters, wherein the process parameters are adjusted in real time according to the actual situation of the blank;

[0039] Step S1.3: performing intermediate heat treatment on the preformed blank obtained by dieless spinning.

[0040] Dieless spinning preforming includes multiple passes of dieless spinning; dieless spinning preforming is performed on the core die of die spinning in step S2. Dieless spinning preforming is performed with the assistance of an external device or an energy field; dieless spinning preforming uses multiple spinning wheels for spinning. Dieless spinning preforming also includes real-time monitoring of the stress state of the sheet during the spinning process, and adjusting the spinning process parameters according to the monitoring results. When it is found that sufficient preforming cannot be achieved through dieless spinning, it is converted to die spinning to continue to complete the preforming.

[0041] Step S2: Use die spinning to form the preformed blank to obtain a thin-walled rotating body component of the final shape, and perform aging treatment on the final formed part. Die spinning is performed using a high-precision CNC spinning machine.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] The present invention provides a dieless-die multi-step spinning forming method for simplifying the spinning process of large components, including step S1: performing dieless spinning preforming on the sheet material, and the preforming process can be single-pass or multi-pass dieless spinning; step S2: performing the final pass of die spinning on the preformed part. The present invention uses dieless spinning in the spinning passes except the final pass, and uses die spinning in the final pass. Only one spinning core mold is used for multi-pass spinning under the premise of ensuring the final forming accuracy, which greatly saves the cost of replacing and debugging the mold; based on the original multi-pass spinning forming process, a dieless-die multi-step spinning forming method for simplifying the spinning process of large components is proposed; the method is simple and convenient, easy to implement, and can be widely used in the field of metal plastic processing technology.

[0044] The present invention provides a multi-step spinning method for thin-walled rotating body components without mold or with mold, comprising:

[0045] Step S1: determining the process parameters of the spinning preforming pass and performing dieless spinning;

[0046] The spinning preforming pass may be completed in one pass or in multiple passes, and may include intermediate heat treatment steps;

[0047] Step S2: Perform the final pass of die spinning according to the target part shape.

[0048] Preferably, step S1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0049] Step S1.1: Based on the blank material and the required part shape, by means of simulation or reduction test, determine the target shape of the preform and its spinning process parameters that can prevent wrinkles or fracture defects in dieless spinning preforms in each pass, and perform dieless spinning preforms;

[0050] Step S1.2: performing intermediate heat treatment on the obtained preform, and measuring the shape of the preform after the heat treatment;

[0051] Step S1.3: According to the specific state of the preformed part obtained in the previous pass, the process parameters of the subsequent dieless spinning preforming are adjusted, and the next pass of preforming and intermediate heat treatment are performed.

[0052] Preferably, the intermediate heat treatment in step S1.2 may use a clamp or an internal support to reduce heat treatment deformation.

[0053] Preferably, the dieless spinning process of step S1 can be performed on the core mold of the final die-spinning pass of step S2.

[0054] Preferably, the dieless spinning process in step S1 can improve its formability by means of external devices or energy field assistance and sheet material pretreatment.

[0055] Preferably, the dieless spinning process in step S1 can be performed using a multi-wheel spinning process to improve the spinning stability.

[0056] The present invention uses dieless spinning in the preceding preforming pass and die spinning in the final pass, thereby achieving the goal of completing the entire multi-pass spinning forming process using only one set of molds; the method is simple, convenient, and easy to implement, especially for large thin-walled rotating body components, which greatly reduces their manufacturing cost and production cycle, and ensures the final part forming accuracy.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a dieless-die-based multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-walled rotating body component comprises:

[0058] First, according to the slab material used and the target part shape, determine the number of intermediate dieless spinning passes and the process parameters of each pass to ensure that there will be no defects such as wrinkling failure during the intermediate dieless spinning. This can be determined through engineering experience, trial and error, numerical simulation, etc. Among them, the spinning core mold is the final pass die spinning core mold designed according to the target part shape.

[0059] Then, the intermediate dieless spinning and intermediate heat treatment steps are performed according to the determined process parameters such as the wheel trajectory. The dieless spinning process parameters of each pass can be adjusted in real time according to the actual state of the sheet at the end of the previous step to ensure smooth dieless spinning.

[0060] Finally, a final pass of die spinning is performed to form the preform to its final shape.

[0061] The present invention performs sheet material preforming in a dieless spinning manner on a final pass core die, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and production cycles while ensuring the shape accuracy of the final formed part.

[0062] Reference Figure 2 As shown, a multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-walled rotating body component without a mold or with a mold comprises the following steps:

[0063] S01: According to the shape of the target conical part, the process parameters such as the semi-cone angle during dieless spinning are determined, and the conical part is dieless spun on the core mold of the final die spinning pass. The semi-cone angle of the dieless spinning wheel trajectory is required to be larger than the semi-cone angle of the target conical part to meet the geometric constraints during spinning. At the same time, the remaining process parameters are adjusted to prevent defects such as wrinkling and cracking from occurring during the dieless spinning process.

[0064] S02: After successfully forming a preform with a certain taper angle, perform intermediate heat treatment on it to adjust the structure of the preform to meet the requirements of subsequent processes.

[0065] S03: According to the actual shape of the obtained preformed blank, the corresponding spinning process parameters are determined, and the final die spinning is performed to obtain the target conical part.

[0066] A multi-step spinning forming method for a thin-walled rotating body component without a die or with a die, comprising:

[0067] Step S1: preforming the sheet material by dieless spinning;

[0068] The dieless spinning preforming includes an intermediate heat treatment step between spinning passes;

[0069] Step S2: performing final die spinning on the obtained preformed blank;

[0070] The step S1 can be repeated until the obtained preformed blank meets the requirements for die spinning in step S2.

[0071] The step S1 comprises the following sub-steps:

[0072] Step S1.1: Based on the slab material and the target part shape, the process parameters of each intermediate pass of dieless spinning are determined under the premise of ensuring that defects such as wrinkling and fracture do not occur in the dieless spinning;

[0073] Step S1.2: performing dieless spinning preforming according to the determined process parameters, wherein the process parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the actual situation of the blank;

[0074] Step S1.3: performing intermediate heat treatment on the preformed blank obtained by dieless spinning.

[0075] The intermediate heat treatment step in step S1 can be any type of heat treatment such as quenching, annealing, etc. that meets the requirements of subsequent processes.

[0076] In the step S1, no intermediate heat treatment may be performed.

[0077] The dieless spinning pass in step S1 is performed on a die-spinning core mold in the final pass in step S2.

[0078] The moldless spinning in step S1 can be ensured to proceed smoothly by means of external devices or energy field assistance.

[0079] When sufficient preforming cannot be achieved within the dieless spinning forming window in step S1, die spinning can be used to continue to complete the preforming of the blank.

[0080] Those skilled in the art may understand this embodiment as a more specific description of Embodiment 1.

[0081] Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to realizing the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention in a purely computer-readable program code, it is entirely possible to realize the same functions in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system and its various devices, modules, and units provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the devices, modules, and units included therein for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures within the hardware component; the devices, modules, and units for realizing various functions can also be regarded as both software modules for realizing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0082] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A multi-step spinning method for thin-walled rotating body components without mold or with mold, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: performing dieless spinning preforming on the sheet material to obtain a preformed blank; Step S2: Use die spinning to form the preformed blank to obtain a thin-walled rotating body component of a final shape.

2. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dieless spinning preforming in step S1 includes at least one pass of dieless spinning, and intermediate heat treatment is performed between the spinning passes.

3. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises the following steps: Step S1.1: Determine the process parameters of each intermediate pass of dieless spinning based on the slab material and the target part shape; Step S1.2: performing dieless spinning preforming according to the determined process parameters, wherein the process parameters are adjusted in real time according to the actual situation of the blank; Step S1.3: performing intermediate heat treatment on the preformed blank obtained by dieless spinning.

4. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dieless spinning preforming in step S1 includes multiple passes of dieless spinning; the dieless spinning preforming is performed on a core mold of die spinning in step S2.

5. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dieless spinning preforming in step S1 is performed by means of an external device or an energy field assistance method; the dieless spinning preforming is performed by spinning with a multi-rotor.

6. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 2, characterized in that: The intermediate heat treatment step includes any one or more types of heat treatment such as quenching and annealing.

7. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dieless spinning preforming in step S1 also includes real-time monitoring of the stress state of the sheet material during the spinning process, and adjusting the spinning process parameters according to the monitoring results.

8. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dieless spinning preforming process of step S1, when it is found that sufficient preforming cannot be achieved through dieless spinning, it is converted to die spinning to continue to complete the preforming.

9. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The die spinning in step S2 is performed using a high-precision CNC spinning machine.

10. The method for forming a thin-walled rotating body component by multi-step spinning without a mold or with a mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises performing an aging treatment on the final formed part after step S2.

Images