Mixed refrigerant composition and heat pump including same

Abstract

Disclosed are a mixed refrigerant composition and a heat pump including the same. A mixed refrigerant composition according to an exemplary embodiment may include a carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide, R-744), a 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene, R-1234yf), and a trifluoro-iodomethane (R-13I1), and may be used to prepare a refrigerant composition for an internal combustion engine. The content of carbon dioxide (R-744) may be 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, and the sum of the content of 2, 3, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may be 90 wt% to 99 wt% of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. The boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm may be from-76 DEG C to-35 DEG C. The mixed refrigerant composition and the heat pump including the same can inhibit the ozone layer from being damaged and other environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a composition comprising a refrigerant and a heat pump comprising the same. Background Art

[0002] Refrigerant refers to a substance used to remove heat in heat pumps used in air conditioners, refrigerators, cooling towers, etc. Examples of refrigerants include coolant, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, and hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants.

[0003] Recently, the types of heat pumps used indoors and outdoors have diversified, and miniaturized heat pumps are required due to the development of electric vehicles, etc. In addition, since refrigerants containing chlorine (Cl) may damage the ozone layer, etc., attempts are being made to develop refrigerants that do not contain chlorine atoms.

[0004] For example, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (R-1234yf), as a hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant, does not contain chlorine atoms, and therefore has a low global warming potential (GWP), and is widely used as a refrigerant for car air conditioners.

[0005] However, since 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene has a low coefficient of performance (COP), an additional heat pump is required when it is used as a refrigerant for a car air conditioner, and thus there is a problem of low energy efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a refrigerant or a refrigerant combination that can suppress environmental pollution and has a high coefficient of performance. Summary of the invention

[0007] Technical issues

[0008] An object according to an exemplary embodiment is to provide a mixed refrigerant composition having improved environmental performance.

[0009] An object according to an exemplary embodiment is to provide a heat pump including the above-mentioned mixed refrigerant composition and having improved refrigeration performance.

[0010] Technical Solution

[0011] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the mixed refrigerant composition comprises carbon dioxide (Carbondioxide, R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (trifluoroiodomethane, R-13I1). The content of carbon dioxide (R-744) is 1% to 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, and the sum of the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is 90% to 99% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. The boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm is -76°C to -35°C.

[0012] A mixed refrigerant composition according to an exemplary embodiment may be composed of the carbon dioxide (R-744), the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf), and the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1).

[0013] In some embodiments, the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be greater than the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1).

[0014] In some embodiments, the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) may be 45 wt % to 95 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0015] In some embodiments, the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may be 5 wt % to 49 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) to the content of the carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 3 to 90.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition to the content of carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.1 to 60.

[0018] In some embodiments, the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 95°C to 110°C.

[0019] In some embodiments, the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 35 bar to 55 bar.

[0020] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar may be 5° C. to 45° C.

[0021] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar may be 1° C. to 40° C.

[0022] In some embodiments, the latent heat of the mixed refrigerant composition at -25°C may be 100 kJ / kg to 200 kJ / kg.

[0023] In some embodiments, the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 1 to 5.

[0024] A heat pump according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0025] Technical Effects

[0026] According to the mixed refrigerant composition of the exemplary embodiment, since the refrigerant included in the mixed refrigerant composition may not contain chlorine atoms (Cl), environmental pollution such as the destruction of the ozone layer may be suppressed.

[0027] According to the mixed refrigerant composition of the exemplary embodiment, the ambient temperature can be effectively lowered even at low temperatures as the refrigerant composition is vaporized from liquid to gas.

[0028] In addition, the mixed refrigerant composition does not undergo a phase change to a supercritical state during operation of a cooling machine such as an air conditioner, so that the condensing pressure of the compressor may not be reduced, and the coefficient of performance of a heat pump including the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 and Figure 2 2 are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating flows of a mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in a cooling mode or a heating mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] According to an exemplary embodiment, a mixed refrigerant composition including carbon dioxide (R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) and a heat pump including the mixed refrigerant composition are provided.

[0031] The present disclosure is described in detail below, but this is merely an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described exemplarily.

[0032] According to an exemplary embodiment, the refrigerant included in the mixed refrigerant composition may be a refrigerant that does not contain chlorine atoms (Cl). As refrigerants that do not contain chlorine atoms (Cl), for example, natural refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants, etc. can be cited.

[0033] The natural refrigerant is a substance naturally existing on earth, rather than an artificial compound. The natural refrigerant may include, for example, at least one of ammonia (R-717), carbon dioxide (R-744), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270) and butane (R-600a).

[0034] The hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant is a refrigerant composed of hydrogen atoms (H), fluorine atoms (F), and carbon atoms (C). The hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant may include, for example, at least one of difluoromethane (R-32), trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), trifluoromethane (R-23), fluoroethane (R-161), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236ea), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236fa), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (R-245fa) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc).

[0035] The hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant is a refrigerant composed of hydrogen atoms (H), fluorine atoms (F) and carbon atoms (C) and having at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant may include, for example, at least one of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (R-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234ze), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene (R-1243zf), 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a) and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylene (R-1225ye).

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a mixed refrigerant composition includes carbon dioxide (R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1). The carbon dioxide (R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) contained in the mixed refrigerant composition do not contain chlorine atoms (Cl).

[0037] The carbon dioxide (R-744) is a natural refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of 1. In addition, the carbon dioxide (R-744) may not be corrosive, toxic, or explosive. The carbon dioxide (R-744) is included in the mixed refrigerant composition, which can improve the environmental protection and stability of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0038] The 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is a hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of 4 or less. In addition, the R-1234yf may have high thermal stability and high latent heat of evaporation. The 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) is included in the mixed refrigerant composition, which can improve the environmental protection, thermal stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0039] The trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant with an ozone depletion potential (ODP) of 0 and a global warming potential (GWP) of less than 5. In addition, the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may have high thermal stability and chemical stability. The trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is included in the mixed refrigerant composition, which can improve the environmental protection and stability of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0040] In some embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may not be mixed with other refrigerants except carbon dioxide (R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1). For example, the mixed refrigerant composition may not contain additional hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants such as difluoromethane (R-32) with high global warming potential. Therefore, the environmental friendliness of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved. For example, the mixed refrigerant composition may not contain additional hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerants such as 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a) with toxicity. Therefore, even if some mixed refrigerant compositions flow out of the heat pump, safety can be improved.

[0041] In one embodiment, the mixed refrigerant composition may consist of only carbon dioxide (R-744), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) and trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the decrease in thermal stability and / or chemical stability due to the mixing of refrigerants with low thermal stability and / or chemical stability. In addition, it is possible to prevent the increase in condensation temperature due to the mixing of refrigerants with low vapor pressure, or the decrease in refrigeration capacity due to the mixing of refrigerants with low latent heat of evaporation.

[0042] According to exemplary embodiments, the content of the carbon dioxide (R-744) can be 1 % by weight to 10 % by weight, 2 % by weight to 10 % by weight, or 3 % by weight to 10 % by weight, 4 % by weight to 10 % by weight of the gross weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. When the content of the carbon dioxide (R-744) is less than 1 % by weight of the gross weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can decline. When the content of the carbon dioxide (R-744) exceeds 10 % by weight of the gross weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, the outlet temperature and the pressure of the following heat pump increase, thereby the problem of durability and performance degradation can occur. Therefore, the refrigeration characteristics of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved under the situation of the content range.

[0043] In some embodiments, the content of carbon dioxide (R-744) can be 5 wt % to 10 wt %, 6 wt % to 10 wt % or 8 wt % to 10 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the environmental protection of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the sum of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) may be 90% to 99% by weight, 90% to 98% by weight, 90% to 97% by weight, or 90% to 96% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. When the sum of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is less than 90% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, the vapor pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition increases, thereby causing a decrease in refrigeration capacity. When the sum of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and the content of the trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) is greater than 99% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition may be reduced. When the content is within the above range, the thermal stability, chemical stability, environmental friendliness and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0045] In some embodiments, the sum of the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) and the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) can be 90 wt % to 95 wt %, 90 wt % to 94 wt % or 90 wt % to 92 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the environmental protection and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0046] In some embodiments, the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be greater than the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1). Therefore, while the chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition is improved, the refrigeration capacity based on 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) can also be improved.

[0047] In some embodiments, the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) can be 10 wt % to 98 wt %, 20 wt % to 98 wt %, 30 wt % to 98 wt %, 40 wt % to 98 wt %, 45 wt % to 98 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the thermal stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0048] In one embodiment, the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) can be 45 wt % to 95 wt %, 45 wt % to 90 wt %, or 50 wt % to 90 wt %, or 50 wt % to 85 wt %, or 50 wt % to 80 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the thermal stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0049] In some embodiments, the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) can be 1 wt % to 49 wt %, 2 wt % to 49 wt %, 3 wt % to 49 wt %, 4 wt % to 49 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the thermal stability and chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0050] In one embodiment, the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) can be 5% to 49% by weight, 7% to 49% by weight, 9% to 49% by weight, 10% to 49% by weight, 15% to 49% by weight or 19% to 49% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. In the case of the content range, the thermal stability and chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) to the content of carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 3 to 90, 3 to 80, 3 to 70, 3 to 60, 3 to 50 or 3 to 40. Within the above range, the environmental protection and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0052] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) to the content of the carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 3 to 30, 3 to 25, 3 to 22.5, 3 to 20, or 3 to 15, or 3 to 10. Within the range, the refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0053] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition can be 0.1 to 60, 0.1 to 55, or 0.1 to 50. Within the above range, the environmental protection, thermal stability, and chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0054] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) to the content of carbon dioxide (R-744) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition can be 0.1 to 49, 0.1 to 40, 0.1 to 30, 0.1 to 20, or 0.1 to 15, or 0.1 to 10. In the case of the above range, the thermal stability and chemical stability of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0055] In some embodiments, the ratio of the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) to the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition can be 0.5 to 98, 0.5 to 70, 0.5 to 50, 0.5 to 30, 0.5 to 20, 0.5 to 15 or 0.5 to 12.5. Within the above range, the thermal stability, chemical stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be improved.

[0056] In one embodiment, the ratio of the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) to the content of trifluoroiodomethane (R-13I1) in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 0.5 to 10, 0.5 to 9, 0.5 to 7, 0.5 to 5, 0.5 to 4 or 0.5 to 3. Within the above range, the thermal stability, chemical stability and refrigeration capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be further improved.

[0057] According to exemplary embodiments, the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm may be -76°C to -35°C, -70°C to -35°C, -65°C to -35°C, or -60°C to -35°C.

[0058] In case the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition is lower than -76°C, the condensation pressure at the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may increase. Therefore, the energy consumed in the refrigeration cycle may increase, and thus the efficiency of the refrigerant may be reduced.

[0059] When the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition exceeds -35°C, the specific volume at the condensation temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may increase. Therefore, the amount of the mixed refrigerant composition required to increase the refrigeration capacity increases, and thus the volume of the air conditioner may increase.

[0060] In some embodiments, the boiling point of the mixed refrigerant composition at 1 atm may be -60°C to -40°C, -60°C to -45°C, or -55°C to -45°C. In the boiling point range of the mixed refrigerant composition, the condensing pressure does not increase and the specific volume can be reduced. Therefore, the amount of the mixed refrigerant composition can be reduced and the refrigeration capacity of the refrigerant can be improved.

[0061] In some embodiments, the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 95° C. to 110° C., 95° C. to 107° C., 95° C. to 105° C., or 95° C. to 100° C. The critical temperature refers to the highest temperature at which a specific substance can exist in a liquid state. If the critical temperature of the refrigerant is low, it may be difficult to achieve the liquefaction of the refrigerant during the condensation process in the refrigeration cycle.

[0062] In the case of the critical temperature range, the mixed refrigerant composition may not become a supercritical fluid state in the refrigeration cycle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a part of the mixed refrigerant composition from becoming a supercritical fluid state without liquefaction, thereby improving the refrigeration capacity.

[0063] In some embodiments, the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition can be 35 bar to 55 bar, 35 bar to 50 bar, 35 bar to 45 bar, 38 bar to 45 bar, or 38 bar to 42 bar. Critical pressure refers to the maximum pressure at which a specific substance can exist in a liquid state. When the critical pressure of a refrigerant is high, the refrigerant may be difficult to liquefy in a refrigeration cycle.

[0064] In the case of the critical pressure range, the mixed refrigerant composition may not become a supercritical fluid state in the refrigeration cycle, so that a part of the mixed refrigerant composition may be prevented from not being liquefied, thereby improving the refrigeration capacity.

[0065] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar may be 5°C to 45°C, 5°C to 40°C, 7°C to 40°C, 7°C to 30°C, 10°C to 30°C, 10°C to 25°C, 15°C to 25°C, or 15°C to 20°C. In the case of the temperature gradient range, even if the mixed refrigerant leaks, separation of components will not occur. Therefore, even if the same volume of heat pump is used, the use capacity of the mixed refrigerant composition can be increased.

[0066] In some embodiments, the temperature glide of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar can be 1°C to 40°C, 1°C to 30°C, 1°C to 26°C, 2°C to 26°C, 5°C to 26°C, 5°C to 20°C, or 8°C to 20°C. In the case of the temperature gradient range, the mixed refrigerant composition will not separate components even if it is used in a heat pump. Therefore, the heat transfer efficiency of the refrigerant can be improved.

[0067] In some embodiments, the latent heat at -25°C may be 100 kJ / kg to 200 kJ / kg, 110 kJ / kg to 200 kJ / kg, 110 kJ / kg to 190 kJ / kg, 110 kJ / kg to 180 kJ / kg, 120 kJ / kg to 180 kJ / kg, 130 kJ / kg to 180 kJ / kg, 140 kJ / kg to 180 kJ / kg, or 150 kJ / kg to 180 kJ / kg.

[0068] In the case of the latent heat range, the heat released or absorbed during the phase change of the mixed refrigerant composition may be sufficient, and thus the thermal efficiency of the mixed refrigerant composition may be improved.

[0069] In some embodiments, the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1.

[0070] The global warming potential (GWP) is a numerical value that measures the impact of 1 kg of any chemical substance on global warming over a certain period of time (e.g., 100 years) when released into the Earth's troposphere, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reference substance.

[0071] Under the global warming potential range, environmental pollution caused by the use and treatment of the mixed refrigerant composition can be suppressed.

[0072] In some embodiments, the ozone depletion potential (ODP) of the mixed refrigerant composition may be zero.

[0073] Ozone depletion potential (ODP) is a numerical value that converts the degree of impact of any chemical substance on the ozone layer depletion, assuming that the ozone layer depletion impact of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) is 1.

[0074] The ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0, thereby suppressing environmental pollution caused by the use and treatment of the mixed refrigerant composition.

[0075] In some embodiments, the mixed refrigerant composition may be non-flammable. For example, it may be A2L grade in the refrigerant safety group classification of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Therefore, the stability of the heat pump during operation and leakage can be improved.

[0076] According to an exemplary embodiment, a heat pump includes the mixed refrigerant composition, so that the environmental friendliness and stability of the heat pump are improved and the refrigeration performance can also be improved.

[0077] The heat pump may include a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. In the compressor, the mixed refrigerant composition may be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and in the expansion valve, the mixed refrigerant composition may be expanded into a low-temperature and low-pressure state.

[0078] For example, inside the heat pump, the mixed refrigerant composition may release heat or absorb heat during the cycle of the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. The mixed refrigerant composition may maintain a high temperature and high pressure gas state in the compressor. The mixed refrigerant composition may release heat and liquefy into a liquid state in the condenser. The mixed refrigerant composition may maintain a low temperature and low pressure liquid state or a mixed state of liquid and gas in the expansion valve. The mixed refrigerant composition may absorb heat and vaporize into a gas state in the evaporator.

[0079] In some embodiments, the heat pump may include oil. For example, the oil may include paraffin, cycloalkane, aromatic hydrocarbon, polyester (POE), polyol ester (POE), mineral oil (mineral), alkylbenzene (AB), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), polyvinyl ether (PVE), etc. Therefore, friction and wear of the heat pump can be prevented.

[0080] In some embodiments, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump may be 1 to 10. The coefficient of performance (COP) refers to the ratio of the heat effectively obtained to the work input when the heat pump is running.

[0081] By using the above refrigerant, a high-efficiency heat pump having a coefficient of performance within the above range can be provided.

[0082] Preferred embodiments are given below to help understand the present application, but these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present application and do not limit the appended claims. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments within the scope of the present application and the technical concept, and it is natural that these deformations and modifications belong to the appended claims.

[0083] Examples and Comparative Examples

[0084] (1) Mixed refrigerant composition

[0085] A mixed refrigerant composition having the components and contents (weight %) shown in Table 1 below was prepared.

[0086] The boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient at 1.5 bar and 15 bar, and latent heat at -25°C of the prepared mixed refrigerant composition were measured. The boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient at 1.5 bar and 15 bar, and latent heat at -25°C of the measured mixed refrigerant composition are shown in the following Table 1.

[0087] The boiling point, critical temperature, critical pressure, temperature gradient and latent heat of the mixed refrigerant composition were measured using REFPROP (Ver 10, NIST).

[0088]

Table 1

[0089]

[0090] The specific components recorded in Table 1 are as follows:

[0091] R-744:Carbon dioxide

[0092] R-1234yf: 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane

[0093] R-13I1: trifluoroiodomethane

[0094] Experimental example

[0095] (1) Calculation of GWP

[0096] Based on the global warming potential (GWP) of R-744, R-1234yf and R-13I1 contained in the mixed refrigerant composition according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global warming potential (GWP) of the mixed refrigerant composition was calculated by taking the arithmetic average according to the weight ratios of R-744, R-1234yf and R-13I1.

[0097] The global warming potential (GWP) according to the IPCC is based on the global warming potential (GWP) on a 100-year basis.

[0098] The calculated global warming potential (GWP) is shown in Table 2 below.

[0099]

Table 2

[0100] distinguish Global Warming Potential (GWP) Example 1 1.0 Example 2 1.0 Example 3 1.0 Example 4 1.0 Example 5 1.0 Example 6 1.0 Example 7 1.0 Example 8 1.0 Example 9 1.0 Example 10 1.0 Embodiment 11 1.0 Example 12 1.0 Example 13 1.0 Embodiment 14 1.0 Embodiment 15 1.0 Example 16 1.0 Embodiment 17 1.0 Embodiment 18 1.0 Embodiment 19 1.0 Comparative Example 1 1.0 Comparative Example 2 1.0 Comparative Example 3 1.0 Comparative Example 4 1.0 Comparative Example 5 1.0

[0101] (2) Evaluation of cooling / heating

[0102] Figure 1 and Figure 2 2 are schematic diagrams respectively illustrating flows of a mixed refrigerant for heat exchange in a cooling mode or a heating mode of a heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments.

[0103] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the diagram, the direction of the arrows is used to indicate the flow of the mixed refrigerant.

[0104] See also Figure 1 In the cooling mode, the mixed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, bypasses the internal condenser (Condenser) and the expansion valve (heating) in turn, expands in the expansion valve (cooling) after releasing heat in the external condenser, and reabsorbs heat through the evaporator.

[0105] See also Figure 2 In heating mode, the mixed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, releases heat in the internal condenser, expands in the expansion valve (heating), absorbs heat in the external condenser, and then further absorbs heat through the chiller.

[0106] Using the refrigerant combinations of Examples 1 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, cooling evaluation and heating evaluation were performed by the heat exchanger at different outside air temperatures.

[0107] The cooling evaluation was performed with the outside air temperature set to 45° C., and the heating evaluation was performed with the outside air temperature set to −7° C. and −20° C. The conditions of the cooling evaluation and the heating evaluation according to the above-mentioned embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 3 below.

[0108] Specifically, the outside air temperature (° C.), the condenser outlet refrigerant temperature, the condenser outlet refrigerant subcooling, the evaporator outlet refrigerant temperature, and the evaporator outlet refrigerant superheating are shown in Table 3 below.

[0109]

Table 3

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] The cooling and heating interpretations of the embodiments and comparative examples in Table 3 were verified by the OD interpretation program Cycle-D (provided by NIST). Specifically, the volume capacity, compressor outlet temperature, and pressure were evaluated by the cooling and heating interpretations.

[0113] The volume capacity is calculated by the following formula 1.

[0114] [Formula 1]

[0115]

[0116] The evaluation results are shown in Tables 4 to 6 below.

[0117]

Table 4

[0118]

[0119]

Table 5

[0120]

[0121]

Table 6

[0122]

[0123] Referring to Table 4, according to the embodiment of the scope of the present disclosure, the volume capacity in the refrigeration evaluation (outside air temperature is 45° C.) is 2556.0 kJ / m 3 Above, the compressor outlet temperature is below 114.5℃.

[0124] Volumetric capacity is based on the amount of energy a unit volume of refrigerant can contain. The larger the volumetric capacity, the more energy the same volume of refrigerant can move, making it a refrigerant with good air conditioning performance.

[0125] Compared with Examples 1 to 3 in which the content of R-1234yf was less than 90 wt %, the volume capacity was reduced in Example 4 in which the content of R-1234yf was 90 wt % and Comparative Example 1 in which R-1234yf was used alone.

[0126] Referring to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the content of R-1234yf is 10 wt % or 20 wt %, the volume capacity is reduced compared to other examples in which the content of R-1234yf is 30 wt % or more.

[0127] Referring to the examples, as the content of R-744 increases, the volume capacity shows an upward trend. Referring to Comparative Examples 4 and 5, when the content of R-744 is 15 wt%, the compressor outlet pressure and outlet temperature show an upward trend compared with other examples in which the content of R-744 is less than 10 wt%.

[0128] Referring to Table 5, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the volume capacity in the heating evaluation (outside air temperature is -7°C) is 1393.0 kJ / m 3 Above, the compressor outlet temperature is below 110.0℃.

[0129] Compared with Examples 1 to 3 in which the content of R-1234yf is less than 90 wt %, the volume capacity is reduced in Example 4 in which the content of R-1234yf is 90 wt % and Comparative Example 1 in which R-1234yf is used alone.

[0130] Referring to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the content of R-1234yf is 10 wt % or 20 wt %, the volume capacity is reduced compared with other examples in which the content of R-1234yf is 30 wt % or more.

[0131] Referring to the examples, as the content of R-744 increases, the volume capacity shows an upward trend. Referring to Comparative Examples 4 and 5, when the content of R-744 is 15 wt%, the compressor outlet pressure and outlet temperature show an upward trend compared with other examples in which the content of R-744 is less than 10 wt%.

[0132] Referring to Table 6, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the volume capacity in the heating evaluation (outside air temperature is -20°C) is 1080.8 kJ / m 3 Above, the compressor outlet temperature is below 96.6℃.

[0133] Compared with Examples 1 to 3 in which the content of R-1234yf is less than 90 wt %, the volume capacity is reduced in Example 4 in which the content of R-1234yf is 90 wt % and Comparative Example 1 in which R-1234yf is used alone.

[0134] Referring to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, when the content of R-1234yf is 10 wt % or 20 wt %, the volume capacity is reduced compared to other examples in which the content of R-1234yf is 30 wt % or more.

[0135] Referring to the examples, as the content of R-744 increases, the volume capacity shows an upward trend. Referring to Comparative Examples 4 and 5, when the content of R-744 is 15 wt%, the compressor outlet pressure and outlet temperature show an upward trend compared with other examples in which the content of R-744 is less than 10 wt%.

[0136] Referring to the results of Tables 4 to 6, it is preferred to use a mixed refrigerant containing R-744, R-1234yf and R-13I1, rather than using R-1234yf alone. In addition, it is preferred to limit the maximum content of R-744 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition.

Claims

1. A mixed refrigerant composition comprising carbon dioxide, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene and trifluoroiodomethane, The carbon dioxide content is 1 wt % to 10 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition; The sum of the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and the content of the trifluoroiodomethane is 90 wt % to 99 wt % of the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. The boiling point at 1 atm is -76°C to -35°C. 2 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , comprising the carbon dioxide, the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropylene and the trifluoroiodomethane. 3 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is greater than the content of the trifluoroiodomethane. 4 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 3 , wherein the content of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is 45 to 95 wt % based on the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. 5 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 3 , wherein the content of the trifluoroiodomethane is 5 to 49 weight % based on the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition. 6 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a content of the 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene to a content of the carbon dioxide in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 3 to 90. 7 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a content of trifluoroiodomethane in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition to a content of carbon dioxide in the total weight of the mixed refrigerant composition is 0.1 to 60. 8 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the critical temperature of the mixed refrigerant composition is 95° C. to 110° C. 9 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the critical pressure of the mixed refrigerant composition is 35 bar to 55 bar.

10. The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature gradient of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 1.5 bar is 5°C to 45°C.

11. The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1, wherein the temperature gradient of the mixed refrigerant composition at a pressure of 15 bar is 1°C to 40°C. 12 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the latent heat of the mixed refrigerant composition at −25° C. is 100 to 200 kJ / kg. 13 . The mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1 , wherein the global warming potential of the mixed refrigerant composition is 1 to 5.

14. A heat pump comprising the mixed refrigerant composition according to claim 1.

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