Fuel oil for ships and warships

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel oil, in particular to fuel oil for ships and warships, which comprises the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oil, a mutual solvent, a combustion improver and a preservative, the mineral oil is used as a base oil material and accounts for 77-80% of the total amount, and the animal and vegetable oil accounts for 18.5-20% of the total amount; the mutual solvent is used for improving the compatibility between the mineral oil and the animal and vegetable oil and accounts for 1-1.5% of the total amount; the combustion improver is used for improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel and accounts for 0.1-0.15% of the total amount; the preservative is used for preventing the fuel from being oxidized and deteriorated in the storage and use processes, and accounts for 0.03-0.05% of the total amount; the fuel oil for the ship is low in viscosity and can be directly injected into a ship engine to be used after being slightly preheated, meanwhile, the flash point of the fuel oil is high, the fuel oil is not prone to being ignited when accidental leakage occurs, and the sailing safety of the ship is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel oil, and specifically to a fuel oil for ships. Background Art

[0002] Marine fuel oil is a fuel specially designed for ships. In the process of developing and applying marine fuel oil, the flash point and viscosity of fuel oil are two significant characteristics, which directly affect the operation efficiency and safety of ships. Especially for warships, if the flash point of fuel oil is too low, when the warship is attacked, if the fuel depot is hit by a shell, the sparks generated by the shell explosion and the collision with the ship body can ignite the fuel oil, which will instantly make the ship lose its combat effectiveness.

[0003] On the other hand, the viscosity of existing marine fuel oil is too high. High viscosity means that it has poor fluidity at room temperature, which helps reduce the risk of leakage and improve the stability of the fuel. However, high viscosity also brings challenges to the delivery and injection of fuel. In order to overcome this problem, marine fuel oil usually needs to be heated or added with diluent to reduce the viscosity so that it can burn smoothly in the engine. As a result, the use of marine fuel oil is more troublesome. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a fuel oil for ships. The fuel oil has low viscosity and can be directly injected into ship engines after a slight preheating. At the same time, the fuel oil has a high flash point and is not easily ignited in the event of an accidental leakage, which effectively improves the safety of ship navigation and can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solution: a fuel oil for ships, comprising the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, mutual solvents, combustion aids and preservatives.

[0006] Among them, mineral oil is used as the base oil, accounting for 77% to 80% of the total amount.

[0007] Animal and vegetable oils account for 18.5% to 21.5% of the total amount.

[0008] Mutual solvents are used to improve the compatibility between mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils, accounting for 1% to 1.6% of the total amount.

[0009] The combustion aid is used to improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel, accounting for 0.1% to 0.15% of the total amount.

[0010] Preservatives are used to prevent oxidation and deterioration of fuel during storage and use, accounting for 0.03% to 0.05% of the total amount.

[0011] Preferably, the mineral oil has a viscosity index of 95 to 105.

[0012] Preferably, the animal and vegetable oils are waste edible oils and fats.

[0013] Preferably, the combustion improver is organic silicon or fatty alcohol or a mixture of the two.

[0014] Preferably, the preservative is an antioxidant, an anticorrosive and a rust inhibitor.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0016] 1. This ship fuel oil has low viscosity and can be directly injected into the ship engine after a little preheating. At the same time, this fuel oil has a high flash point and is not easily ignited in the event of an accidental leak, which effectively improves the safety of ship navigation. Compared with the existing ship fuel oil, the calorific value of this fuel oil is consistent;

[0017] 2. Mineral oil is used as the base oil, accounting for 77% to 80% of the total. Mineral oil has a high calorific value and stability, which can ensure that the fuel oil provides continuous and efficient power output during the combustion process. At the same time, its good lubrication performance also helps to reduce the wear inside the engine and extend the service life of the equipment;

[0018] 3. Animal and vegetable oils account for 18.5% to 21.5% of the total amount. Using waste edible oils as the source of animal and vegetable oils not only realizes the reuse of resources and reduces production costs, but also conforms to the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development. After treatment, waste edible oils can be well compatible with mineral oils and participate in the combustion process together to improve the combustion efficiency and energy density of fuels. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] This application provides the following technical solutions:

[0021] Embodiment 1:

[0022] A fuel oil for ships, comprising the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, mutual solvents, combustion improvers and preservatives. This fuel oil has a high flash point and is not easily ignited after leakage. At the same time, it has a low viscosity and can be used after a slight heating, making it a preferred energy source for ship power systems.

[0023] Mineral oil is used as the base oil, accounting for 80% of the total volume. Mineral oil has a high calorific value and stability, which can ensure that the fuel oil provides continuous and efficient power output during the combustion process. At the same time, its good lubrication performance also helps to reduce the wear inside the engine and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0024] Animal and vegetable oils account for 18.5% of the total. Using waste edible oils as a source of animal and vegetable oils not only achieves resource recycling and reduces production costs, but also complies with the concept of environmental protection and sustainable development. After treatment, waste edible oils can be well compatible with mineral oils and participate in the combustion process together, improving the combustion efficiency and energy density of fuels.

[0025] Mutual solvents are used to improve the compatibility between mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils, accounting for 1.37% of the total amount. The addition of mutual solvents allows the two oils to be better mixed to form a uniform fuel system, avoiding stratification or precipitation caused by incompatibility, thereby ensuring the stability and combustion performance of the fuel oil.

[0026] Combustion improvers are used to improve the combustion efficiency of fuel, accounting for 0.1% of the total amount. The addition of combustion improvers can promote the full combustion of fuel oil, reduce the emission of unburned hydrocarbons, and reduce environmental pollution. At the same time, combustion improvers can also improve the thermal efficiency of fuel, making ships more energy-efficient and efficient during navigation.

[0027] Preservatives are used to prevent oxidation and deterioration of fuel during storage and use, accounting for 0.03% of the total amount. The addition of preservatives can effectively extend the storage period of fuel oil and maintain its stable performance. This is especially important for ships, because long-term voyages may face the situation of being unable to refuel in time, and stable fuel performance can ensure that the ship can operate normally under any circumstances.

[0028] Furthermore, the mineral oil is selected to have a viscosity index of 95 to 105. This oil has good low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature stability, and can maintain appropriate viscosity under different temperature conditions, ensuring that the fuel oil can flow and burn normally in various environments.

[0029] Furthermore, the combustion improver is organic silicon or fatty alcohol or a mixture of the two, which can act synergistically to further improve the combustion efficiency and stability of the fuel.

[0030] Furthermore, the preservatives include antioxidants and rust inhibitors. The antioxidants can prevent the fuel oil from deteriorating due to oxidation during storage, thereby maintaining its freshness and performance; while the rust inhibitors can prevent metal parts from being damaged due to corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0031] Fuel flash point and viscosity testing:

[0032] The fuel sample to be tested for the ship in this application is set as A, and the marine fuel oil product sample B that complies with the national standard GB17411-2015 is selected as the control group.

[0033] The flash point and fire point of sample A and sample B were determined using the Cleveland open cup method. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] Prepare samples: Ensure that the oil sample to be tested is clean and free of impurities. Dilute it if necessary to meet the instrument requirements. Carefully inject the sample into the test cup, taking care to avoid splashing or forming bubbles. The amount of the sample should comply with the standard requirements, usually the liquid height does not exceed 3 / 4 of the height of the test cup.

[0035] Set test conditions: According to the specifications of the flash point instrument used, set appropriate test conditions such as heating rate and test cup size.

[0036] Test: Rapidly increase the temperature of the sample, then slowly increase the temperature. When approaching the flash point, increase the temperature at a constant rate. At the specified temperature interval, pass a small test flame horizontally across the test cup to make the vapor on the sample surface flash. The lowest temperature is taken as the flash point. If it is necessary to determine the ignition point, continue the test until the test flame ignites the sample and the lowest temperature is reached for at least 5 seconds.

[0037] Record results: Record the temperature when flash or flame occurs, which is the flash point of the oil; record the lowest temperature when the sample ignites and burns for at least 5 seconds, which is the ignition point.

[0038] Kinematic viscosity of sample A and sample B at 100°C:

[0039] The ship fuel oil has high calorific value, good combustion performance, stable storage, low corrosion, and a wide range of applications. It is the most economical and ideal fuel for high-horsepower, medium- and low-speed marine diesel engines. Viscosity is an important characteristic of liquid fuel. Low viscosity means that the liquid is easy to flow, easy to transport and atomize; high viscosity means that the liquid is left for a long time. The viscosity of the fuel is related to the temperature and the oil quality. When the temperature is high, the viscosity of the oil is low, and it is easy to flow and atomize, but the oil temperature cannot be heated too high. For example, when the heavy oil temperature reaches 120-130℃ or above, the viscosity does not decrease much, and it is easy to cause the heavy oil to gasify, resulting in accidents such as oil tank roof collapse and fire. At present, the more commonly used in China are 40℃ kinematic viscosity (distillate fuel oil) and 100℃ kinematic viscosity (residue fuel oil). This application measures the kinematic viscosity at 100℃.

[0040] The instrument used is the SH112H fully automatic countercurrent kinematic viscometer, which works on the principle of measuring the time it takes a certain volume of liquid to flow through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer (countercurrent viscometer) under the action of gravity to determine the kinematic viscosity of dark petroleum products. The product of the measured kinematic viscosity and its density can be used to obtain the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.

[0041] The specific operation steps are as follows: After turning on the instrument, click parameter setting to complete the required parameter settings, then put the Cannon Fenske viscosity tube into the special viscosity tube fixture equipped with the host, and the optical fiber detection sensor is respectively stuck at the three points bcd of the viscometer.

[0042] After setting the constant temperature, start constant temperature. When the constant temperature reaches the expected value, use the sample injector equipped with the host to inject a certain amount of sample into the equipped Cannon Fenske viscosity tube. (It is expected to be about 10-15ml. Click No. 1 and No. 2 in the test interface. The instrument starts constant temperature sample and automatically measures the viscosity of the sample, automatically measures, automatically determines, automatically discharges, automatically cleans and dries, and automatically prints out the data.

[0043] The specific comparison table of flash point and kinematic viscosity at 100°C of sample A and sample B is as follows:

[0044] sample Fuel oil flash point (℃) <![CDATA[Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (MM 2 / S)]]> A 220 14.08 B 200 15.33

[0045] From the above table, it can be seen that the flash point of the ship fuel oil disclosed in Example 1 is 222°C, and the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14.08MM 2 / S, its flash point is higher than that of existing ship fuel oil, and its kinematic viscosity at 100°C is the highest among existing ship fuel oils.

[0046] Embodiment 2:

[0047] A fuel oil for ships comprises the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, mutual solvents, combustion improvers and preservatives.

[0048] Among them, mineral oil as the base oil accounts for 77.13% of the total amount.

[0049] Animal and vegetable oils account for 21.5% of the total.

[0050] Mutual solvents are used to improve the compatibility between mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils, accounting for 1.2% of the total amount.

[0051] Combustion aids are used to improve the combustion efficiency of fuel, accounting for 0.12% of the total amount.

[0052] Preservatives are used to prevent oxidation and deterioration of fuel during storage and use, accounting for 0.05% of the total amount.

[0053] Preferably, the mineral oil has a viscosity index of 95 to 105.

[0054] Preferably, the animal and vegetable oils are waste edible oils and fats.

[0055] Preferably, the combustion improver is organic silicon or fatty alcohol or a mixture of the two.

[0056] Preferably, the preservative is an antioxidant, an anticorrosive and a rust inhibitor.

[0057] The flash point of the ship fuel oil disclosed in this embodiment is measured by the same determination method as in Example 1 to be 218°C, and the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14.38MM. 2 / S.

[0058] Embodiment 3:

[0059] A fuel oil for ships comprises the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, mutual solvents, combustion improvers and preservatives.

[0060] Among them, mineral oil as the base oil accounts for 78.21% of the total amount.

[0061] Animal and vegetable oils account for 20% of the total.

[0062] Mutual solvents are used to improve the compatibility between mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils, accounting for 1.6% of the total amount.

[0063] The combustion aid is used to improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel, accounting for 0.15% of the total amount.

[0064] Preservatives are used to prevent oxidation and deterioration of fuel during storage and use, accounting for 0.04% of the total amount.

[0065] Preferably, the mineral oil has a viscosity index of 95 to 105.

[0066] Preferably, the animal and vegetable oils are waste edible oils and fats.

[0067] Preferably, the combustion improver is organic silicon or fatty alcohol or a mixture of the two.

[0068] Preferably, the preservative is an antioxidant, an anticorrosive and a rust inhibitor.

[0069] The flash point of the ship fuel oil disclosed in this embodiment is measured by the same determination method as in Example 1 to be 223°C, and the kinematic viscosity at 100°C is 14.08MM. 2 / S.

[0070] This type of ship fuel oil has achieved multiple advantages of high flash point, low viscosity, high efficiency, stability, environmental protection and sustainability through careful selection and proportioning of various components. It can not only meet the high requirements of the ship's power system for fuel performance, but also provide strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the ship.

[0071] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fuel oil for ships, characterized in that: It includes the following components: mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils, mutual solvents, combustion aids and preservatives; Among them, mineral oil as the base oil accounts for 77% to 80% of the total amount; Animal and vegetable oils account for 18.5% to 21.5% of the total volume; Mutual solvents are used to improve the compatibility between mineral oil and animal and vegetable oils, accounting for 1% to 1.6% of the total amount; Combustion aids are used to improve the combustion efficiency of fuel, accounting for 0.1% to 0.15% of the total amount; Preservatives are used to prevent oxidation and deterioration of fuel during storage and use, accounting for 0.03% to 0.05% of the total amount.

2. The fuel oil for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral oil is selected to have a viscosity index of 95 to 105.

3. The fuel oil for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The animal and vegetable oils are waste edible oils and fats.

4. The fuel oil for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion improver is organic silicon or fatty alcohol or a mixture of the two.

5. The fuel oil for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anticorrosive agent is an antioxidant, an anticorrosive agent and a rust inhibitor.