Aluminum-based high-entropy alloy and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cast aluminum alloys, and particularly relates to an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy comprises the following steps: (1) reacting a reactant A and a reactant B with an aluminum-containing raw material to obtain an intermediate alloy of the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy; and (2) smelting a cast aluminum alloy material, and adding the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy intermediate alloy to obtain the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy. According to the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy disclosed by the invention, various transition metals and various main group metals in the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy have a synergistic effect, so that the defects existing when the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy is used for producing automobile hubs by only adding one or two metal elements are overcome, the casting performance and the mechanical performance of the alloy are remarkably improved, and compared with the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy by only adding one or two metal elements, the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy has the advantages of low cost The performance of the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy hub produced through the method is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cast aluminum alloys, and specifically relates to an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automobiles, ships, construction and building materials due to their low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance and welding performance. Especially under the general trend of energy conservation and consumption reduction, the use of aluminum alloys instead of steel in automobile production will greatly reduce the overall weight of the car. Therefore, the demand for automotive aluminum alloys has increased sharply, and the requirements for automotive aluminum alloys have also been further improved. At present, high-strength, high-ductility, corrosion-resistant and high-performance aluminum alloys have become the focus of research, development and application. There are four major series of cast aluminum alloy systems: Al-Si series, Al-Cu series, Al-Mg series, and Al-Zn series.

[0003] Aluminum-silicon cast aluminum alloy: It has excellent properties such as tensile resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and high specific strength and toughness. In addition to all the properties of cast aluminum alloy, it has higher strength and hardness due to the strengthening effect of silicon particles. It is the most widely used type of cast aluminum alloy. The main alloy grades are ZL101-ZL111.

[0004] Aluminum-copper cast aluminum alloy: ZL201 has good room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties, general plasticity, general welding and cutting performance, but poor fluidity, thermal cracking tendency, poor corrosion resistance, suitable for casting structural parts working at higher temperatures (200-300℃) or parts bearing large dynamic or static loads at room temperature, as well as parts working at low temperatures (-70℃). Sand casting is often used.

[0005] Aluminum-magnesium cast aluminum alloy: ZL301 is the most corrosion-resistant variety among the existing aluminum alloys. It has good cutting and welding performance, high strength, and good anodizing performance. However, the casting process is complicated, the operation is troublesome, and the castings are prone to defects such as looseness and thermal cracking. It is suitable for casting various parts with large loads in corrosive media such as seawater at a working temperature of 150°C, such as various components in marine ship turbines, pump housings, impellers, frames and other parts in the oil industry. Sand casting is mostly used.

[0006] Aluminum-zinc cast aluminum alloy: ZL401 has excellent casting performance, small shrinkage and thermal cracking tendency, high mechanical properties, good welding and cutting performance, but high specific gravity, low plasticity, poor corrosion resistance. It is mostly used for die casting and molds, templates, and structural parts for aircraft, internal combustion engines, vehicles and other products with working temperatures not exceeding 200°C and medium loads. It is mainly used for pressure casting, but also for sand and metal casting.

[0007] Although the above-mentioned aluminum alloy materials can be used in the manufacture of wheel hubs, they generally have problems with insufficient casting performance and mechanical properties.

[0008] High entropy alloy is the most effective alloying material discovered so far, and the effect of high entropy alloy on improving the performance of aluminum alloy is the most prominent. High entropy alloy is mainly used as a modifier. Adding high entropy alloy to Al plays a role in refining the structure. This material has an L12 structure, which is the same as the structure of α-Al, and the mismatch with α-Al is only 0.9%. It can be used as a good heterogeneous nucleation site and a stable modifier. Thereby increasing the number of aluminum alloy grains and refining the grain size. When only a few thousandths of high entropy alloy is added to the aluminum alloy, the strength of the aluminum alloy is increased by 1-2 times, the elongation is increased by 4-5 times, and the welding performance is significantly improved. The aluminum-based high entropy alloy alloyed with high entropy alloy and cast aluminum alloy has high strength, good toughness, excellent weldability and corrosion resistance, and is a new high-performance structural material.

[0009] Therefore, if an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy that can be used in wheel hubs can be developed, it will have broad market prospects. Summary of the invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provide an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy with excellent casting performance and mechanical properties and a preparation method thereof.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0012] A method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) reacting reactant A and reactant B with an aluminum-containing raw material to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy master alloy; the reactant A includes at least one of a main group metal element and its oxide, the reactant B includes at least one of a transition metal element and its oxide, and the total number of reactants A and reactants B is not less than 5;

[0014] (2) The cast aluminum alloy material is melted and added into the aluminum-based high entropy alloy intermediate alloy to obtain the aluminum-based high entropy alloy.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the main group metal elements include Li, Sn, Bi, Mg, Sr and Sb, and the transition metal elements include Ti, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Zr.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the total weight percentage of the main group metal elements and the transition metal elements in the aluminum-based high entropy alloy master alloy is 50%.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the aluminum-containing raw material is aluminum and / or cast aluminum alloy.

[0018] Furthermore, the cast aluminum alloy material is ZL101 aluminum alloy, ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy, ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy or ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the weight percentage of the main group metal element or the transition metal element in the aluminum-based high entropy alloy is 5-7%.

[0020] The present invention includes an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0021] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned aluminum-based high entropy alloy in the preparation of wheel hub products, comprising the following steps: transferring the aluminum-based high entropy alloy liquid to an electrically heated insulation furnace of a casting machine to cast it into a wheel hub.

[0022] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention adds high entropy alloy to the cast aluminum alloy. The main functions of the high entropy alloy in the aluminum alloy are: improving casting performance, mechanical properties (strength, elongation, welding performance, etc.), corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high temperature resistance. In the aluminum-based high entropy alloy of the present invention, multiple transition metals and multiple main group metals work synergistically, overcoming the shortcomings of adding only one or two metal elements when used to produce automobile wheels, and significantly improving the casting performance and mechanical properties of the alloy. Compared with adding only one or two metal elements, the aluminum-based high entropy alloy wheel produced by the present invention has significantly improved performance.

[0024] The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub produced by the present invention has a temperature resistance capability improved by more than 50%, a wear resistance improved by more than 50%, a tensile strength improved by more than 50%, an elongation improved by more than 100%, and a yield rate improved by more than 5%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] (1) reacting Li metal, Ti metal, CuO, SnO2, Bi2O3 with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Li, Ti, Cu, Sn, and Bi is 50%;

[0028] (2) The ZL101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 775°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 765°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Li, Ti, Cu, Sn, and Bi are all 5%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 755°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.5 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained, and the casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0029] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows, by weight percentage: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0030] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL101 aluminum alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has a heat resistance performance improved by 52.6%, a wear resistance performance improved by 53.7%, a tensile strength improved by 57.2%, an elongation improved by 117.2%, and a yield rate improved by 5.8%.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] (1) reacting Mg metal, Zr metal, Sr metal, Cr2O3, Sb2O3 with ZL101 aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Cr, Mg, Zr, Sr, and Sb is 50%;

[0033] (2) The ZL101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 785°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 789°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Cr, Mg, Zr, Sr, and Sb are all 7%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 765°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.85 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained, and the casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0034] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0035] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL101 aluminum alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has a heat resistance performance improved by 61.2%, a wear resistance performance improved by 58.9%, a tensile strength improved by 57.3%, an elongation improved by 125.3%, and a yield rate improved by 7.6%.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] (1) reacting V metal and ZnO, MnO2, NiO, Co3O4 with ZL101 aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Zn, Mn, V, Ni, and Co is 50%;

[0038] (2) The Zl101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 805°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 772°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Zn, Mn, V, Ni, and Co are all 6%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.85 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., a finished aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub is obtained, and the casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0039] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows, by weight percentage: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0040] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL101 aluminum alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has a heat resistance performance improved by 55.9%, a wear resistance performance improved by 54.6%, a tensile strength improved by 52.8%, an elongation improved by 116.5%, and a yield rate improved by 6.9%.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] (1) reacting Ti metal and MnO2, Nb2O5, ZnO, SnO2 with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Mn, Ti, Nb, Zn, and Sn is 50%;

[0043] (2) The ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 805°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 779°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Mn, Ti, Nb, Zn, and Sn are all 5%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 1.2 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained, and the casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0044] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Cu5.1%, Mn0.9%, Ti 0.24%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight;

[0045] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has a heat resistance performance improved by 57.1%, a wear resistance performance improved by 58.2%, a tensile strength improved by 53.4%, an elongation improved by 108.2%, and a yield rate improved by 5.1%.

[0046] Example 5

[0047] (1) reacting V metal and NiO, CoO, Bi2O3, CuO with ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Ni, Co, V, Bi, and Cu is 50%;

[0048] (2) The ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 795°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 769°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Ni, Co, V, Bi, and Cu are all 6%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 710°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 2 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained, and the casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0049] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Mg9.5-11.5%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight;

[0050] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has a heat resistance performance improved by 56.2%, a wear resistance performance improved by 50.7%, a tensile strength improved by 53.6%, an elongation improved by 111.4%, and a yield rate improved by 6.8%.

[0051] Example 6

[0052] (1) reacting Mg metal and Bi2O3, Cr2O3, CuO, SnO2 with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy; in the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy, the total weight percentage of Bi, Cr, Mg, Cu, and Sn is 50%;

[0053] (2) The ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 799°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 779°C, and the aluminum-based high-entropy master alloy is added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based high-entropy alloy, in which the weight percentages of Bi, Cr, Mg, Cu, and Sn are all 7%. The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 3 atmospheres to obtain a qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub casting, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., a finished aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub is obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning generated during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0054] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Si7%, Mg 0.2%, Zn10.6%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight.

[0055] Compared with the wheel hub made of ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy alone, the wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has 60.9% higher heat resistance, 55.2% higher wear resistance, 58.2% higher tensile strength, 113.1% higher elongation and 7.4% higher yield.

[0056] In order to further illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, the inventors added the following comparative examples.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that in step (1), only Li and Ti metals are used to react with aluminum.

[0059] The details are as follows: (1) reacting Li metal and Ti metal with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based Li-Ti master alloy; in the aluminum-based Li-Ti master alloy, the total weight percentage of Li and Ti is 50%;

[0060] (2) The ZL101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 775°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 765°C, and the aluminum-based Li and Ti intermediate alloys are added for reaction to obtain liquid aluminum-based Li and Ti alloys, in which the weight percentages of Li and Ti are both 5%. The aluminum-based Li and Ti alloy liquids are then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 755°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.5 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based high-entropy alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based Li and Ti alloy wheel hub finished products are obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0061] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows, by weight percentage: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0062] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of embodiment 1. Specifically, the heat resistance is 30.5% lower, the wear resistance is 41.8% lower, the tensile strength is 35.6% lower, the elongation is 70.3% lower, and the yield rate is 2.6% lower.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that in step (1), only Mg and Zr metals are used to react with the ZL101 aluminum alloy.

[0065] The details are as follows:

[0066] (1) reacting Mg metal and Zr metal with ZL101 aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum-based Mg-Zr master alloy; in the aluminum-based Mg-Zr master alloy, the total weight percentage of Mg and Zr is 50%;

[0067] (2) The ZL101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 785°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 789°C, and the aluminum-based Mg and Zr master alloys are added for reaction to obtain liquid aluminum-based Mg and Zr alloys, wherein the weight percentages of Mg and Zr are both 7%. The aluminum-based Mg and Zr alloy liquids are then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 765°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.85 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based Mg and Zr alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based Mg and Zr alloy wheel hub finished products are obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0068] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0069] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of Example 2. Specifically, the heat resistance is 39.8% lower, the wear resistance is 45.5% lower, the tensile strength is 44.9% lower, the elongation is 47.5% lower, and the yield rate is 4.2% lower.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 is that in step (1), only the compound containing V metal and Ni is used to react with the ZL101 aluminum alloy.

[0072] The details are as follows:

[0073] (1) reacting V metal and NiO with ZL101 aluminum alloy to obtain an aluminum-based V and Ni master alloy, wherein the total weight percentage of V and Ni in the aluminum-based V and Ni master alloy is 50%;

[0074] (2) The Zl101 aluminum alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 805°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 772°C, and the aluminum-based V and Ni intermediate alloys are added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based V and Ni alloy, wherein the weight percentages of V and Ni in the liquid aluminum-based V and Ni alloys are both 6%. The aluminum-based V and Ni alloy liquid is transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 0.85 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based V and Ni alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based V and Ni alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0075] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL101 aluminum alloy is as follows, by weight percentage: Mg 0.37%, Si 6.80%, Fe ≤ 0.12%, Cu ≤ 0.10%, Mn ≤ 0.10%, Zn ≤ 0.10%, Ti 0.11%, Sr 0.03%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤ 0.15%;

[0076] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of embodiment 3. Specifically, the heat resistance is 73.4% lower, the wear resistance is 56.7% lower, the tensile strength is 60.5% lower, the elongation is 81.3% lower, and the yield rate is 4.9% lower.

[0077] Comparative Example 4

[0078] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 4 is that in step (1), only compounds containing Zn and Sn are used to react with aluminum.

[0079] The details are as follows:

[0080] (1) reacting ZnO, SnO2 with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based Zn-Sn master alloy; in the aluminum-based Zn-Sn master alloy, the total weight percentage of Zn and Sn is 50%;

[0081] (2) The ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 805°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 779°C, and the aluminum-based Zn and Sn master alloys are added for reaction to obtain liquid aluminum-based Zn and Sn alloys, wherein the weight percentages of Zn and Sn in the liquid aluminum-based Zn and Sn alloys are both 5%. The aluminum-based Zn and Sn alloy liquid is then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 1.2 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based Zn and Sn alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based Zn and Sn alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0082] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Cu5.1%, Mn0.9%, Ti 0.24%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight;

[0083] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of embodiment 4. Specifically, the heat resistance is 60.6% lower, the wear resistance is 26.5% lower, the tensile strength is 43.2% lower, the elongation is 64.7% lower, and the yield rate is 3.5% lower.

[0084] Comparative Example 5

[0085] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 5 is that in step (1), only V metal and oxide containing Co are used to react with ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy.

[0086] The details are as follows:

[0087] (1) reacting V metal and CoO with ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy to obtain an aluminum-based Co, V master alloy; in the aluminum-based Co, V master alloy, the total weight percentage of Co and V is 50%;

[0088] (2) The ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 795°C, and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 769°C, and the aluminum-based Co and V master alloys are added for reaction to obtain a liquid aluminum-based Co and V alloy, in which the weight percentages of Co and V are both 6%. The aluminum-based Co and V alloy liquid is then transferred to an electric heating and heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 710°C; the mold preheating temperature is 400°C, and the mold spraying temperature is 250°C; differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 2 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based Co and V alloy wheel hub castings, and after heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning) and testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the aluminum-based Co and V alloy wheel hub finished product is obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0089] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Mg9.5-11.5%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight;

[0090] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of embodiment 5. Specifically, the heat resistance is 36.5% lower, the wear resistance is 29.7% lower, the tensile strength is 46.3% lower, the elongation is 126.7% lower, and the yield rate is 3.6% lower.

[0091] Comparative Example 6

[0092] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 6 is that in step (1), only Mg metal and CuO are used to react with aluminum.

[0093] The details are as follows:

[0094] (1) reacting Mg metal and CuO with aluminum to obtain an aluminum-based Mg and Cu master alloy; in the aluminum-based Mg and Cu master alloy, the total weight percentage of Mg and Cu is 50%;

[0095] (2) The ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy is melted at a furnace temperature of 799° C., and then transferred to a refining and heat-insulating gas furnace for refining at a refining temperature of 779° C., and the aluminum-based Mg and Cu intermediate alloys are added for reaction to obtain liquid aluminum-based Mg and Cu alloys, wherein the weight percentages of Mg and Cu are both 7%. The aluminum-based Mg and Cu alloy liquids are then transferred to an electrically heated heat-insulating furnace of a casting machine, and the temperature of the heat-insulating furnace is maintained at 769° C. The mold is preheated to 400° C. and the mold spraying temperature is 250° C. Differential pressure casting is performed at a casting pressure of 3 atmospheres to obtain qualified aluminum-based Mg and Cu alloy wheel hub castings. After heat treatment (T6), mechanical processing (turning), testing (quality inspection), surface treatment (painting), etc., the finished aluminum-based Mg and Cu alloy wheel hubs are obtained. The casting flash and mechanical turning produced during the casting process can be returned to the melting process.

[0096] In this embodiment, the chemical composition of the ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy is as follows: Fe≤0.12%, Si7%, Mg 0.2%, Zn10.6%, the balance is aluminum, and the content of other impurities is ≤0.15% by weight.

[0097] The wheel hub product obtained in this embodiment has significantly inferior performance compared to the high entropy alloy wheel hub of Example 6. Specifically, the heat resistance is 49.5% lower, the wear resistance is 39.5% lower, the tensile strength is 45.2% lower, the elongation is 62.4% lower, and the yield rate is 3.7% lower.

[0098] It can be seen from the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 that in the aluminum-based high entropy alloy of the present invention, multiple transition metals and multiple main group metals work synergistically, overcoming the shortcomings of adding only one or two metal elements when used to produce automobile wheels, and significantly improving the casting performance and mechanical properties of the alloy. Compared with adding only one or two metal elements, the performance of the aluminum-based high entropy alloy wheel produced by the present invention is significantly improved.

[0099] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) reacting reactant A and reactant B with an aluminum-containing raw material to obtain an aluminum-based high-entropy alloy master alloy; the reactant A includes at least one of a main group metal element and its oxide, the reactant B includes at least one of a transition metal element and its oxide, and the total number of reactants A and reactants B is not less than 5; (2) The cast aluminum alloy material is melted and added into the aluminum-based high entropy alloy intermediate alloy to obtain the aluminum-based high entropy alloy.

2. The method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the main group metal elements include Li, Sn, Bi, Mg, Sr and Sb, and the transition metal elements include Ti, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn and Zr.

3. The method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the total weight percentage of the main group metal elements and the transition metal elements in the aluminum-based high entropy alloy master alloy is 50%.

4. The method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step (1), the aluminum-containing raw material is aluminum and / or cast aluminum alloy.

5. The method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cast aluminum alloy material is ZL101 aluminum alloy, ZL201 aluminum-copper alloy, ZL301 aluminum-magnesium alloy or ZL401 aluminum-zinc alloy.

6. The method for preparing an aluminum-based high entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the weight percentage of the main group metal element or transition metal element in the aluminum-based high entropy alloy is 5-7%.

7. Aluminum-based high entropy alloy prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The use of the aluminum-based high entropy alloy in the preparation of a wheel hub product as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The aluminum-based high-entropy alloy liquid is transferred to an electrically heated insulation furnace of a casting machine to be cast into a wheel hub.