Deep and small square hole electric spark machining device and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep and small square hole electric spark machining device and method, and belongs to the technical field of part machining. The method comprises the following steps that S100, according to the width H1 of a deep and small square hole, a drill bit is adopted to drill a round hole with the diameter smaller than H1 in the bottom of a center round hole; s200, the electrodes and the electrode stem are connected through threads and assembled on an electric spark machine tool together, and the electrodes comprise the rough machining electrode and the finish machining electrode; s300, rough machining is conducted firstly, specifically, a rough machining electrode is adopted to conduct axial feeding in the Z-axis direction of the center round hole to conduct rough machining on the small deep square hole, and the allowance not smaller than 0.03 mm is reserved on the single side of the small deep square hole; and S400, a finish machining electrode is adopted for finish machining on the basis of the roughly machined deep and small square hole, and a circular translation mode is adopted for finish machining to form the deep and small square hole. According to the method, the round hole is prefabricated in a drilling mode, then the straight feeding rough machining and translation finish machining modes are adopted, the deep small blind square hole is machined through electrode electric spark, and the high-precision and low-cost manufacturing problem of the deep small blind square hole is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of parts processing, and in particular, to a deep small square hole electrospark machining device. In addition, the present application also relates to a machining method including the deep small square hole electrospark machining device. Background Art

[0002] The information provided in this section is for the purpose of generally presenting the background of the present application. To the extent described in this section, the work of the presently named inventors and aspects of the description that may not constitute prior art at the time of filing are neither explicitly nor implicitly admitted to be prior art to the present application.

[0003] In the field of aircraft engine parts processing, a certain type of shaft has a square blind hole 2000 processed at the bottom of the center circular hole 1000. The bottom of the deep small square hole 2000 is longer from the shaft end face, the hole depth is also deeper, and the four corners of the deep small square hole 2000 need to be chamfered. Please refer to the attached manual for details. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figure shows the structure of the deep small square hole 2000. Since the processing accuracy of this type of deep hole is very high, the general processing size accuracy is ≤0.02mm, and it is difficult to meet the processing accuracy requirements by machining methods such as milling and slotting due to tool wear, cutting vibration and other factors affecting the processing accuracy.

[0004] In addition, if the shaft of the part that needs to be processed with a deep small square hole of 2000 is not clamped stably during processing, this will also have a great impact on the processing quality. At the same time, since the shaft of the part has different diameters and lengths, if multiple sets of fixtures are configured, there will be a problem of increased costs.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present application provides a deep small square hole electrospark machining device, which can push multiple sets of sliding mechanisms and a first clamping assembly on both sides of the support member at one time through a pushing member to clamp and limit the part shaft, and the sliding mechanism and the first clamping assembly can adjust the position, which can not only adapt to the limitation of part shafts of different diameters, but also meet the needs of stable clamping of part shafts of different lengths, so as to improve the machining quality of deep small square holes.

[0007] At the same time, the present application provides a processing method using the above-mentioned deep small square hole electrospark processing device to solve the problem of high-precision and low-cost manufacturing of deep small blind square holes.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, a deep small square hole electrospark machining device is provided, including a drill bit, an electrode and an electrode rod, the deep small square hole electrospark machining device is used to clamp a part shaft and machine a deep small square hole at the bottom of the central circular hole of the part shaft, and the deep small square hole electrospark machining device also includes a base, a support member, a push member, a locking member, a sliding mechanism and a first clamping assembly:

[0009] The support member is arranged on the base, the push members are movably arranged on both sides of the support member, the push members on both sides and the side walls on both sides of the support member respectively enclose two limiting channels, and the locking member is used to connect the push members with the side walls of the support member and lock the two to limit the position;

[0010] The sliding mechanism is provided with multiple groups, and each group of sliding mechanisms is arranged in the limiting channels on both sides at intervals. The sliding mechanism includes a sliding block and a connecting rod assembly. A strip limiting hole is opened on the pushing member, and a plurality of limiting screw holes are arranged at intervals in the strip limiting hole. The connecting rod assembly is used to pass through the strip limiting hole to connect with the sliding block and drive the sliding block to move along the strip limiting hole. The connecting rod assembly is also used to be connected to the limiting screw hole through a thread. The first clamping assembly is arranged on the sliding block, and the first clamping assemblies on both sides of the support member are used to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis one by one. The locking member is also used to drive the pushing member to approach or move away from the support member when the connecting rod assembly is connected to the limiting screw hole, thereby driving the sliding block and the first clamping assembly to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the locking member includes a locking screw, and the first end of the locking screw is used to pass through the pushing member and then cooperate with a preset connecting screw hole on the side wall of the supporting member.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, a handle is provided at the second end of the locking screw, and guide rods are provided on the side walls on both sides of the support member, and the guide rods are used to pass through the pushing member and guide the pushing member.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the connecting rod assembly includes a connecting rod, a stud and a handwheel, one end of the connecting rod is connected to the bearing on the side wall of the sliding block, the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the stud, the handwheel is arranged at the tail end of the stud, the stud is used to cooperate with the limiting screw hole, and the connecting rod is used to slide into the strip limiting hole after the stud is disengaged from the limiting screw hole to drive the sliding block to move along the strip limiting hole.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the first clamping assembly includes a first movable rod, a first compression spring and a limit plate. A support plate is provided on the sliding block. The first movable rod is used to be movably passed through the support plate. One end of the first movable rod close to the support member is connected to the limit plate. The first compression spring is pressed between the support plate and the limit plate. The limit plate is used to abut against and tighten the limit part shaft.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the deep small square hole electrospark machining device also includes a second clamping assembly, the second clamping assembly includes a second movable rod, a support block and a second compression spring, a support plate is provided on the sliding block, the second movable rod is used to be movably passed through the support plate, and the second movable rod is located below the first movable rod, the support block is provided on the side of the second movable rod close to the support member, and the second compression spring is pressed between the support plate and the support block.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of limiting grooves are provided at intervals on the support member, and the limiting grooves are used to limit the support block.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present application, a deep small square hole electrospark machining method is also provided, using the deep small square hole electrospark machining device, the deep small square hole electrospark machining method comprises the following steps:

[0018] S100, according to the width H1 of the deep small square hole, use a drill bit to drill a circular hole with a diameter smaller than H1 at the bottom of the central circular hole;

[0019] S200, connecting the electrode and the electrode rod by threads and assembling them together on the electric spark machine, wherein the electrode is divided into a rough machining electrode and a fine machining electrode;

[0020] S300, first perform rough machining: use the rough machining electrode to feed along the Z axis of the center circle hole to rough machine the deep small square hole, and leave a margin of not less than 0.03mm on one side of the deep small square hole;

[0021] S400, based on the rough-machined deep small square hole, the fine machining electrode is used for fine machining, and the circular translation mode is used for fine machining of the deep small square hole.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the length of the electrode rod satisfies the following formula:

[0023] L4 ≥ L4 + L1 (1)

[0024] Where: L4 is the length of the electrode rod, L1 is the depth of the deep small square hole (mm);

[0025] The length of the finishing electrode satisfies the following formula:

[0026] L32=L1+2 (2)

[0027] Where: L3 is the length of the finishing electrode (mm);

[0028] The length of the rough machining electrode L31 = (4 to 6) mm.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, in step S400, three circular translation mode finishing processes are performed successively, and the circular translation radius R (mm) of the finishing electrode each time satisfies the following formula:

[0030] The radius of the first circular translation R1: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.01 (3)

[0031] The radius of the second circular translation R2: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005 (4)

[0032] The radius of the third circular translation R3: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005+△H / 2 (5)

[0033] In the above formula: H1 is the width of the deep small square hole (mm), H2 is the width of the finishing electrode (mm), △H is the difference in width size allowance of the deep small square hole (2000) after the first circular translation and the second circular translation (mm), and D is the spark point gap (mm).

[0034] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present application discloses an electrospark machining device for deep small square holes. The pusher is connected to the pusher by a locking member on both sides of the support member, and the pusher can be driven to move by the locking member. The movable installation of the first clamping assembly is realized by a sliding block. The sliding block is connected to the pusher by a connecting rod assembly. The part shaft can be clamped and limited by the first clamping assembly, and multiple groups of sliding blocks and the first clamping assembly can be moved at one time by the pusher, so as to realize fast multiple clamping and fixing of the part shaft. At the same time, the spacing between the first clamping assemblies on both sides of the support member is convenient to adjust, which can adapt to the clamping and limiting of part shafts of different diameters. At the same time, the connecting rod assembly can drive the sliding block to move along the strip-shaped limiting hole on the pusher, realize the position adjustment of the sliding block and the first clamping assembly, so as to adapt to the clamping requirements of part shafts of different lengths, effectively improve the adaptability of the device, firmly clamp different part shafts, and ensure the processing quality of deep small square holes.

[0036] The deep small square hole electrospark machining method of the present application also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, and also includes firstly pre-fabricating a circular hole by drilling with a drill bit, and then adopting straight feed rough machining and translational finishing methods, and using electrode electrospark machining the deep small square hole to solve the problem of high-precision and low-cost manufacturing of deep small square holes.

[0037] Of course, any product implementing this application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described above at the same time. In addition to the purposes, features and advantages described above, this application also has other purposes, features and advantages. The following will further describe this application in detail with reference to the figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the deep small square hole on the axis of the part of the present application;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a deep small square hole of the present application;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the electrode and the electrode rod in the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode rod in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an electrode in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the pusher of the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding mechanism of the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pusher of a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig.10 is a structural schematic diagram of a second clamping assembly in a preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Legend: 1000, center circular hole; 2000, deep small square hole; 100, electrode; 200, electrode rod; 1, base; 2, support member; 21, limiting groove; 3, push member; 31, strip limiting hole; 32, limiting screw hole; 4, locking member; 5, sliding mechanism; 51, support plate; 52, sliding block; 53, connecting rod assembly; 531, connecting rod; 532, stud; 533, handwheel; 6, first clamping assembly; 61, first movable rod; 62, first compression spring; 63, limiting plate; 7, second clamping assembly; 71, second movable rod; 72, support block; 73, second compression spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application can be implemented in a variety of different ways defined and covered below.

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the deep small square hole on the axis of the part of the present application; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a deep small square hole of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the electrode and the electrode rod in the preferred embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode rod in a preferred embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode in a preferred embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an electrode in a preferred embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the pusher of the preferred embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding mechanism of the preferred embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pusher of a preferred embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second clamping assembly of the preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0053] A deep small square hole electrospark machining device, comprising a drill, an electrode 100 and an electrode rod 200, the deep small square hole electrospark machining device is used to clamp a part shaft and machine a deep small square hole 2000 at the bottom of a central circular hole 1000 of the part shaft, the deep small square hole electrospark machining device also comprises a base 1, a support member 2, a push member 3, a locking member 4, a sliding mechanism 5 and a first clamping assembly 6:

[0054] The support member 2 is arranged on the base 1, and the push members 3 are movably arranged on both sides of the support member 2. The push members 3 on both sides and the side walls on both sides of the support member 2 respectively enclose two limiting channels, and the locking member 4 is used to connect the push members 3 with the side walls of the support member 2 and lock the two to limit the position;

[0055] The sliding mechanism 5 is provided with multiple groups, and each group of sliding mechanisms 5 is arranged in the limiting channels on both sides at intervals. The sliding mechanism 5 includes a sliding block 52 and a connecting rod assembly 53. A strip limiting hole 31 is opened on the pushing member 3, and a plurality of limiting screw holes 32 are arranged at intervals in the strip limiting hole 31. The connecting rod assembly 53 is used to pass through the strip limiting hole 31 to connect with the sliding block 52 and drive the sliding block 52 to move along the strip limiting hole 31. The connecting rod assembly 53 is also used to be connected with the limiting screw hole 32 through a thread. The first clamping assembly 6 is arranged on the sliding block 52. The first clamping assemblies 6 on both sides of the support member 2 are used to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis one by one. The locking member 4 is also used to drive the pushing member 3 to approach or move away from the support member 2 when the connecting rod assembly 53 is connected to the limiting screw hole 32, thereby driving the sliding block 52 and the first clamping assembly 6 to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis.

[0056] Here, the meaning of “pushing member 3 ” refers to a structure connected to the supporting member 2 through the locking member 4 . In some embodiments, the pushing member 3 is a plate-like structure, and the supporting member 2 is a boss structure on the base 1 .

[0057] The present application discloses an electric spark machining device for machining a deep small square hole. The pusher 3 is connected to the pusher 3 by a locking member 4 on both sides of the support 2, and the pusher 3 can be driven to move by the locking member 4. The movable installation of the first clamping assembly 6 is realized by a sliding block 52. The sliding block 52 is connected to the pusher 3 by a connecting rod assembly 53. The part shaft can be clamped and limited by the first clamping assembly 6, and multiple groups of sliding blocks 52 and the first clamping assembly 6 can be moved at one time by the pusher 3, so as to realize fast multiple clamping and fixing of the part shaft. At the same time, the spacing between the first clamping assemblies 6 on both sides of the support 2 is conveniently adjusted, which can adapt to the clamping and limiting of part shafts of different diameters. At the same time, the connecting rod assembly 53 can drive the sliding block 52 to move along the strip limiting hole 31 on the pusher 3, so as to realize the position adjustment of the sliding block 52 and the first clamping assembly 6, so as to adapt to the clamping requirements of part shafts of different lengths, effectively improve the adaptability of the device, firmly clamp different part shafts, and ensure the machining quality of the deep small square hole 2000.

[0058] Preferably, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, the locking member 4 includes a locking screw, and the first end of the locking screw is used to pass through the pushing member 3 and then cooperate with a preset connecting screw hole on the side wall of the supporting member 2.

[0059] Specifically, a handle is provided at the second end of the locking screw, and guide rods are provided on the side walls on both sides of the support member 2 , and the guide rods are used to pass through the pushing member 3 and guide the pushing member 3 .

[0060] It can be understood that the operator can drive the locking screw to rotate through the handle, so that when the locking screw is screwed into the connecting screw hole of the support member 2, the pushing member 3 and the sliding block 52 are driven to move closer to the support member 2 with the first clamping assembly 6, and the part axis can be tightened and limited by the first clamping assembly 6 on both sides.

[0061] The handle can not only facilitate the turning of the locking screw, but also limit the pushing member 3.

[0062] Preferably, please refer to Figure 8 , 10As shown, the connecting rod assembly 53 includes a connecting rod 531, a stud 532 and a handwheel 533. One end of the connecting rod 531 is connected to the bearing on the side wall of the sliding block 52, and the other end of the connecting rod 531 is connected to the stud 532. The handwheel 533 is arranged at the tail end of the stud 532. The stud 532 is used to cooperate with the limiting screw hole 32. The connecting rod 531 is used to slide into the strip limiting hole 31 after the stud 532 is disengaged from the limiting screw hole 32 to drive the sliding block 52 to move along the strip limiting hole 31.

[0063] It can be understood that the connection rod 531, the sliding block 52 and the first clamping assembly 6 can be fixed by the stud 532 and the limiting screw hole 32. At this time, the multiple sliding blocks 52 and the first clamping assembly 6 are pushed and moved by the pusher 3 to achieve the compression and limiting of the part shaft, and then the pusher 3 is limited by the locking member 4.

[0064] Preferably, please refer to Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the first clamping assembly 6 includes a first movable rod 61, a first compression spring 62 and a limit plate 63. A support plate 51 is provided on the sliding block 52. The first movable rod 61 is used to be movably passed through the support plate 51. One end of the first movable rod 61 close to the support member 2 is connected to the limit plate 63. The first compression spring 62 is pressed between the support plate 51 and the limit plate 63. The limit plate 63 is used to abut and tighten the limit part shaft.

[0065] It is understandable that the limiting clamping of the part shaft can be achieved by pushing the sliding blocks 52 and the support plate 51 on both sides of the pusher 3 to move closer to the support member 2, and driving the limiting plates 63 on both sides to abut against and press the two sides of the part shaft. The first compression spring 62 provides an elastic force to push the limiting plate 63 away from the support plate 51. The first compression spring 62 can play a buffering and protective role to prevent the rigid collision between the limiting plate 63 and the part shaft from causing bump damage.

[0066] Optionally, the limiting plate 63 is an arc-shaped plate structure, which can be more widely adapted to the limiting clamping of part shafts with different diameters, and is beneficial to improving the stability of the clamping and limiting.

[0067] Preferably, please refer to Figure 7 , 8 As shown, the deep small square hole EDM device also includes a second clamping assembly 7, which includes a second movable rod 71, a support block 72 and a second compression spring 73. A support plate 51 is provided on the sliding block 52. The second movable rod 71 is used to be movably inserted into the support plate 51, and the second movable rod 71 is located below the first movable rod 61. The support block 72 is provided on the side of the second movable rod 71 close to the support member 2, and the second compression spring 73 is pressed between the support plate 51 and the support block 72.

[0068] It is understandable that in order to enhance the stability of the position-limiting support for the part shaft, the bottom of the part shaft is supported by the second clamping assembly 7. The second movable rods 71 ​​on both sides can support the bottom of the part shaft when they are close to each other, and cooperate with the first clamping assembly 6 to enhance the stability of the clamping support for the part shaft, which is beneficial to improve the processing accuracy of the deep small square hole 2000. And the second compression spring 73 can further provide the function of weight reduction and buffer protection.

[0069] Preferably, please refer to Fig. 9 As shown, a plurality of limiting grooves 21 are provided at intervals on the support member 2 , and the limiting grooves 21 are used to limit the support block 72 .

[0070] It can be understood that when the second movable rods 71 ​​on both sides move closer to each other, the support block 72 is driven to slide into the limiting groove 21. At this time, the bottom of the support block 72 contacts the bottom surface of the limiting groove 21. The support block 72 and the second movable rod 71 can be supported by the limiting groove 21. At the same time, the limiting groove 21 can limit the two sides of the support block 72, which is beneficial to improve the stability of the support block 72 and the second movable rod 71, and ensure the stable support and limitation of the part axis.

[0071] According to another aspect of the present application, a deep small square hole electrospark machining method is also provided, using the deep small square hole electrospark machining device, the deep small square hole electrospark machining method comprises the following steps:

[0072] S100, according to the width H1 of the deep small square hole 2000, a round hole with a diameter smaller than H1 is drilled at the bottom of the central round hole 1000 using a drill bit;

[0073] S200, connecting the electrode 100 and the electrode rod 200 by threads and assembling them together on the electric spark machine, wherein the electrode 100 is divided into a rough machining electrode and a fine machining electrode;

[0074] S300, first perform rough machining: use the rough machining electrode to feed along the Z axis of the center circle hole 1000 to rough machine the deep small square hole 2000, and leave a margin of not less than 0.03mm on one side of the deep small square hole 2000;

[0075] S400, based on the rough-machined deep small square hole 2000, a fine machining electrode is used for fine machining, and a circular translation mode is used for fine machining to form the deep small square hole 2000.

[0076] The deep small square hole EDM method of the present application also has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, and also includes prefabricating the circular hole by drilling with a drill, and then using the straight feed roughing and translation finishing methods, using copper electrodes to EDM the deep small square hole 2000, solving the problem of high-precision and low-cost manufacturing of the deep small square hole 2000. Among them, the EDM forming processing has the effect of no processing stress and high precision. This method can be extended to the EDM forming processing of other deep small circular holes and special-shaped holes.

[0077] Preferably, the length of the electrode rod 200 satisfies the following formula:

[0078] L4 ≥ L4 + L1 (1)

[0079] Where: L4 is the length of the electrode rod 200, L1 is the depth of the deep small square hole 2000 (mm);

[0080] The length of the finishing electrode satisfies the following formula:

[0081] L32=L1+2mm (2)

[0082] Where: L3 is the length of the finishing electrode (mm);

[0083] The length of the rough machining electrode L31 = (4 to 6) mm.

[0084] It is understandable that the electrode 100 and the electrode rod 200 are fastened by threads, which facilitates the replacement of the electrode 100. Considering the service life of the electrode, chip removal effect, processing quality and efficiency, the rough machining electrode should not be too long, and the rough machining electrode length L31 = (4-6) mm; in order to improve the processing efficiency, the fine machining electrode only moves horizontally to expand the hole, and does not need to feed along the Z axis. The length of the fine machining electrode should be slightly longer than the depth of the deep small square hole 2000, and the length of the fine machining electrode L32 = L1+2.

[0085] Preferably, in step S400, three circular translation mode finishing processes are performed successively, and the circular translation radius R (mm) of the finishing electrode each time satisfies the following formula:

[0086] The radius of the first circular translation R1: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.01 (3)

[0087] The radius of the second circular translation R2: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005 (4)

[0088] The radius of the third circular translation R3: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005+△H / 2 (5)

[0089] In the above formula: H1 is the width of the deep small square hole 2000 (mm), H2 is the width of the finishing electrode (mm), △H is the difference in width size allowance of the deep small square hole 2000 after the first circular translation and the second circular translation (mm), and D is the spark gap (mm).

[0090] It can be understood that by performing three translational machining on the finishing electrode and adjusting the accuracy of the third translational radius based on the first two translational operations, higher precision control can be achieved, which can effectively ensure the dimensional accuracy of the deep small square hole 2000 and effectively improve the qualified rate of the deep small square hole 2000 machining.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0092] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of this application. The above is only the preferred implementation method of this application. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements, modifications or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A deep small square hole electrospark machining device, comprising a drill, an electrode (100) and an electrode rod (200), the deep small square hole electrospark machining device is used to clamp a part shaft and machine a deep small square hole (2000) at the bottom of a central circular hole (1000) of the part shaft, characterized in that: The deep small square hole electrospark machining device also includes a base (1), a support member (2), a push member (3), a locking member (4), a sliding mechanism (5) and a first clamping assembly (6): The support member (2) is arranged on the base (1), the pushing member (3) is movably arranged on both sides of the support member (2), the pushing members (3) on both sides and the side walls on both sides of the support member (2) respectively enclose two limiting channels, and the locking member (4) is used to connect the pushing member (3) with the side wall of the support member (2) and lock the two to limit the position; The sliding mechanism (5) is provided with a plurality of groups, and each group of sliding mechanisms (5) is arranged in intervals and movably in the limiting channels on both sides. The sliding mechanism (5) comprises a sliding block (52) and a connecting rod assembly (53). A strip-shaped limiting hole (31) is provided on the pushing member (3), and a plurality of limiting screw holes (32) are arranged in intervals in the strip-shaped limiting hole (31). The connecting rod assembly (53) is used to pass through the strip-shaped limiting hole (31) to connect with the sliding block (52) and drive the sliding block (52) to move along the strip-shaped limiting hole (31). (53) is also used to be connected with the limiting screw hole (32) by threading, and the first clamping assembly (6) is arranged on the sliding block (52). The first clamping assembly (6) on both sides of the support member (2) is used to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis in a one-to-one correspondence. The locking member (4) is also used to drive the pushing member (3) to approach or move away from the support member (2) when the connecting rod assembly (53) is connected with the limiting screw hole (32), thereby driving the sliding block (52) and the first clamping assembly (6) to clamp and limit the two sides of the part axis.

2. A deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking member (4) comprises a locking screw, the first end of which is used to pass through the pushing member (3) and then cooperate with a connection screw hole preset on the side wall of the supporting member (2).

3. The deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A handle is provided at the second end of the locking screw, and guide rods are provided on the side walls on both sides of the support member (2), and the guide rods are used to pass through the pushing member (3) and guide the pushing member (3).

4. The deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod assembly (53) comprises a connecting rod (531), a stud (532) and a hand wheel (533). One end of the connecting rod (531) is connected to a bearing on a side wall of the sliding block (52), and the other end of the connecting rod (531) is connected to the stud (532). The hand wheel (533) is arranged at the rear end of the stud (532). The stud (532) is used to cooperate with the limiting screw hole (32). The connecting rod (531) is used to slide into the strip limiting hole (31) after the stud (532) is separated from the limiting screw hole (32) to drive the sliding block (52) to move along the strip limiting hole (31).

5. The deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamping assembly (6) comprises a first movable rod (61), a first compression spring (62) and a limit plate (63); a support plate (51) is arranged on the sliding block (52); the first movable rod (61) is used to be movably arranged on the support plate (51); one end of the first movable rod (61) close to the support member (2) is connected to the limit plate (63); the first compression spring (62) is pressed between the support plate (51) and the limit plate (63); and the limit plate (63) is used to abut against and press the limit part shaft.

6. A deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The deep small square hole electrospark machining device also includes a second clamping assembly (7), which includes a second movable rod (71), a support block (72) and a second compression spring (73). A support plate (51) is arranged on the sliding block (52). The second movable rod (71) is used to be movably arranged on the support plate (51), and the second movable rod (71) is located below the first movable rod (61). The support block (72) is arranged on a side of the second movable rod (71) close to the support member (2), and the second compression spring (73) is pressed between the support plate (51) and the support block (72).

7. The deep small square hole electrospark machining device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of limiting grooves (21) are provided at intervals on the support member (2), and the limiting grooves (21) are used to limit the support block (72).

8. A deep small square hole electrospark machining method, characterized in that: Using the deep small square hole electrospark machining device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the deep small square hole electrospark machining method comprises the following steps: S100, according to the width H1 of the deep small square hole (2000), a round hole with a diameter smaller than H1 is drilled at the bottom of the central round hole (1000) using a drill bit; S200, connecting the electrode (100) and the electrode rod (200) by threading and assembling them together on an electric spark machine, wherein the electrode (100) is divided into a rough machining electrode and a fine machining electrode; S300, first perform rough machining: use a rough machining electrode to feed the center circular hole (1000) along the Z axis axially to rough machine the deep small square hole (2000), and leave a margin of not less than 0.03mm on one side of the deep small square hole (2000); S400, based on the rough-machined deep small square hole (2000), a fine machining electrode is used for fine machining, and a circular translation mode is used for fine machining to form a deep small square hole (2000).

9. A deep small square hole electrospark machining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length of the electrode rod (200) satisfies the following formula: L4 ≥ L4 + L1 (1) Where: L4 is the length of the electrode rod (200), L1 is the depth of the deep small square hole (2000) (mm); The length of the finishing electrode satisfies the following formula: L32=L1+2 (2) Where: L3 is the length of the finishing electrode (mm); The length of the rough machining electrode L31 = (4 to 6) mm.

10. The deep small square hole electrospark machining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S400, three circular translation mode finishing processes are performed successively, and the circular translation radius R (mm) of the finishing electrode each time satisfies the following formula: The radius of the first circular translation R1: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.01 (3) The radius of the second circular translation R2: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005 (4) The radius of the third circular translation R3: R1 = (H1-H2) / 2-D-0.005+△H / 2(5) In the above formula: H1 is the width of the deep small square hole (2000) (mm), H2 is the width of the finishing electrode (mm), △H is the difference in width size allowance of the deep small square hole (2000) after the first circular translation and the second circular translation (mm), and D is the spark point gap (mm).

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