Special fertilizer for rhizoma polygonati and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for polygonatum sibiricum and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polygonatum sibiricum planting. The special fertilizer for the rhizoma polygonati is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 130 to 180 parts of cow dung, 90 to 110 parts of corn straw, 20 to 30 parts of soybean meal, 15 to 25 parts of turf, 5 to 9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 7 to 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.5 to 1 part of borax, 0.5 to 1 part of brassinolide and 1 to 3 parts of trace elements. Compared with other fertilizer schemes in the field, the special fertilizer for the polygonatum sibiricum can increase the growth speed of the polygonatum sibiricum in the early growth stage to a greater extent, the root systems of seedlings are more developed, the healthy growth state of the polygonatum sibiricum can be kept, and therefore the problems that in the existing rhizome planting field, seedling emergence is uneven, and tubers are prone to rot are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polygonatum planting, in particular to a special fertilizer for polygonatum and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polygonatum sibiricum is sweet and flat in nature, and enters the spleen, lung and kidney meridians. It is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum sibiricum or Polygonatum sibiricum of the Liliaceae family, and is a medicinal and edible plant. Polygonatum sibiricum has multiple functions such as lowering blood sugar, regulating immunity, regulating blood lipids, and antibacterial. It contains polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements. Among them, Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide is an important active ingredient of Polygonatum sibiricum and is also the most significant ingredient in medicinal effects.

[0003] In recent years, due to the increasing market demand for Polygonatum sibiricum, relying solely on wild Polygonatum sibiricum can no longer meet the actual demand, and artificial cultivation has gradually become the main way to obtain Polygonatum sibiricum. However, although the current artificial cultivation technology can guarantee the output of Polygonatum sibiricum, the content of effective ingredients such as Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides in the product still does not reach the level of wild Polygonatum sibiricum, and the medicinal properties are insufficient. Due to the limitations of the growth environment, the root system of wild Polygonatum sibiricum is more developed, which can absorb more natural nutrients, has higher nutritional value, and tastes sweeter; in contrast, although the appearance of cultivated Polygonatum sibiricum is uniform and full, the nutritional value may be slightly lower and the taste is relatively poor. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the cultivation process of Polygonatum sibiricum to further enhance the medicinal efficacy of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0004] The existing Polygonatum sibiricum planting technology can be mainly divided into seed planting, rhizome planting, and seedling planting according to different seedling raising methods. The advantages of seed planting are low cost, large reproduction volume, and high genetic diversity, which helps to screen out better varieties. However, more time and management costs are required in the process from seed planting to maturity. The advantages of seedling planting are high seedling quality, good growth conditions, high survival rate and growth rate, but the cost is relatively higher. The field management methods of rhizome planting are relatively simple, but it is prone to problems such as uneven emergence and easy rot of tubers. It can be seen that different planting methods have different characteristics, and what kind of seedling raising scheme should be selected for improvement is also a problem that needs to be considered. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a special fertilizer for polygonatum and a preparation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background technology. Compared with other fertilizer solutions in the field, the special fertilizer for polygonatum of the present invention can greatly improve the growth rate of polygonatum in the early growth stage, and the root system of the seedling is more developed, which helps polygonatum to maintain a healthy growth state, thereby solving the problems of uneven seedlings and easy rot of tubers that are easy to occur in the existing rhizome planting field.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a special fertilizer for polygonatum, wherein the raw materials, calculated by weight, include:

[0008] 130-180 parts of cow dung, 90-110 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of peat, 5-9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.5-1 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of brassinolide and 1-3 parts of trace elements.

[0009] Preferably, the trace element is one or more of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate.

[0010] Preferably, the special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0011] 160 parts of cow dung, 107 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean meal, 21 parts of peat, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.8 parts of borax, 1 part of brassinolide, 1.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.2 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0012] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned special fertilizer for polygonatum, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Cow dung, corn stalks and soybean meal are mixed, crushed and fermented to obtain fermentation components, which are mixed with remaining raw materials to obtain the special fertilizer for polygonatum.

[0014] Preferably, the fermentation time is 28-35 days.

[0015] Preferably, the pulverizing is pulverizing until the powder passes through a 25-60 mesh sieve.

[0016] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum in the field of Polygonatum sibiricum cultivation.

[0017] Preferably, the special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum is used as the base fertilizer during the planting process of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0018] The technical principles of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] When the rhizome planting method is adopted, in the seedling stage of polygonatum, especially in the stage just unearthed, the nutrients required mainly come from the nutrients stored in the tubers during transplantation, and the root system of polygonatum is not yet fully developed, and the absorption capacity of fertilizer is limited. Therefore, the base fertilizer applied at this time under normal circumstances is not only difficult to be effectively absorbed by the root system of polygonatum, but also may cause a burden on the seedlings, affecting their normal growth. The present invention, by adding brassinolide to the base fertilizer of polygonatum, can make crops contact with brassinolide in the early growth stage, and exert its growth-promoting effect earlier, thereby further improving the fertilizer efficiency. The brassinolide added by the present invention can stimulate the rapid division and elongation of polygonatum cells, increase the number and length of the root system, make the root system more developed, thereby promoting the absorption and conversion of nutrients by crops. At the same time, brassinolide can also comprehensively regulate the balance of various hormones in polygonatum, and promote the healthy growth of plants.

[0020] The borax added by the present invention can promote the growth of leaves of the polygonatum sibiricum seedlings, increase the number of leaves and the leaf area, thereby improving the photosynthetic efficiency of the seedlings and promoting the synthesis and accumulation of sugars; it can improve the supply of organic matter in the seedlings, accelerate the growth rate of the seedlings, and enable the seedlings to reach a higher growth state in a shorter time.

[0021] Ammonium polyphosphate can form complexes with trace elements in the soil that are difficult for plants to absorb directly, making these trace elements easier to be absorbed and utilized by plants.

[0022] Peat contains a lot of organic matter and humic acid, which can provide nutrients for Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings and promote their growth and development. The addition of peat can enhance the soil's aggregate structure, making the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the growth and expansion of the seedlings' roots.

[0023] The present invention designs a fertilizer solution for efficiently improving the planting quality of Polygonatum sibiricum by optimizing the types of raw materials and the addition ratio in the fertilizer. The fertilizer solution can provide a variety of minerals and nutrients required for the growth of Polygonatum sibiricum, which is conducive to the healthy growth of plants, thereby increasing the polysaccharide content. The fertilizer solution is also green and pollution-free, has a long fertilizer effect, and does not cause soil acidification.

[0024] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] Compared with other fertilizer solutions in the field, the special fertilizer for polygonatum of the present invention can improve the growth rate of polygonatum in the early growth stage to a greater extent, and the root system of the seedlings is more developed, which helps polygonatum to maintain a healthy growth state, thereby solving the problems of uneven seedlings and easy rot of tubers that are easy to occur in the existing rhizome planting field. After applying the special fertilizer for polygonatum designed by the present invention, in addition to increasing the content of nutrients such as polygonatum polysaccharides in the produced polygonatum, it can also further increase crop yields, and has good application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and this detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in the present invention are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] All raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention are commercially available products.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A special fertilizer for polygonatum, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0033] 160 parts of cow dung, 107 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean meal, 21 parts of peat, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.8 parts of borax, 1 part of brassinolide, 1.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.2 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0034] Preparation of special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum:

[0035] The cow dung, corn stalks and soybean meal are mixed evenly, poured into a grinder and crushed to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, then piled into a pile, the moisture content is adjusted to 45-50wt%, and then covered with a plastic film for fermentation. The fermentation time is 35 days, during which the pile is turned once every 10 days to obtain a fermentation component;

[0036] The fermented components are sent to a dryer, dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of less than 10 wt %, and then mixed with the remaining raw materials and stirred evenly to obtain a special fertilizer for polygonatum.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A special fertilizer for polygonatum, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0039] 130 parts of cow dung, 95 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of peat, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 1 part of borax, 0.6 parts of brassinolide, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.7 parts of manganese sulfate.

[0040] Preparation of special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum:

[0041] The cow dung, corn stalks and soybean meal are mixed evenly, poured into a grinder and crushed to pass through a 40-mesh sieve, then piled into a pile, the moisture content is adjusted to 45-50wt%, and then covered with a plastic film for fermentation. The fermentation time is 35 days, during which the pile is turned once every 10 days to obtain a fermentation component;

[0042] The fermented components are sent to a dryer, dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of less than 10 wt %, and then mixed with the remaining raw materials and stirred evenly to obtain a special fertilizer for polygonatum.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of brassinolide is omitted.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of peat is omitted.

[0047] Comparative Example 3

[0048] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of ammonium polyphosphate is omitted and an equal mass of diammonium hydrogen phosphate is supplemented.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of borax is omitted.

[0051] Comparative Example 5

[0052] The only difference from Example 1 is that the addition of soybean meal is omitted and an equal mass of corn straw is supplemented.

[0053] Comparative Example 6 (conventional base fertilizer)

[0054] A polygonatum fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0055] 160 parts of cow dung, 107 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean meal and 10 parts of diammonium phosphate.

[0056] Preparation of Polygonatum odoratum fertilizer:

[0057] The cow dung, corn stalks and soybean meal are mixed evenly, poured into a grinder and crushed until they pass through a 25-mesh sieve, then piled into a pile, the moisture content is adjusted to 45-50wt%, and then covered with a plastic film for fermentation. The fermentation time is 35 days, during which the pile is turned once every 10 days to obtain a fermentation component;

[0058] The fermented components are sent to a dryer, dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of less than 10 wt %, and then mixed with diammonium hydrogen phosphate to obtain a polygonatum fertilizer.

[0059] Effect verification

[0060] Planting test:

[0061] A plot of land previously planted with Polygonatum sibiricum was selected as the experimental plot, and 8 50m 2 In mid-March, the products of the embodiments and comparative examples were used as base fertilizers and applied by broadcasting and tilling, with an application rate of 2200 kg / mu and a tilling depth of about 30 cm. Subsequently, the purchased rhizomes (Yunnan Polygonatum) were cut into rhizomes with 3-4 nodes as planting materials, and planted at a row spacing of 20-25 cm, a plant spacing of 15-20 cm, and a depth of 6-10 cm. Other field management methods were carried out according to local conventional methods.

[0062] At the end of May of the second year after planting, the survival rate (%) of Polygonatum sibiricum was counted, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1. At the end of November of the third year, the harvest was carried out, the yield was counted, and the content of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide was determined according to the test method recorded in the [Content Determination] item of Polygonatum sibiricum in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1

[0064] Survival rate (%) Polysaccharide content (%) Output(kg) Example 1 91.7 16.4 242.8 Example 2 89.4 15.8 237.9 Comparative Example 1 76.5 8.7 206.5 Comparative Example 2 83.0 9.3 221.2 Comparative Example 3 85.2 10.2 224.1 Comparative Example 4 79.1 8.4 208.3 Comparative Example 5 85.4 9.1 220.7 Comparative Example 6 62.8 6.2 165.4

[0065] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for polygonatum, characterized in that: Raw materials, calculated by mass, include: 130-180 parts of cow dung, 90-110 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of peat, 5-9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 7-10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.5-1 parts of borax, 0.5-1 parts of brassinolide and 1-3 parts of trace elements.

2. The special fertilizer for Polygonatum sibiricum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements are one or more of zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate.

3. The special fertilizer for polygonatum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for polygonatum is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 160 parts of cow dung, 107 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of soybean meal, 21 parts of peat, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.8 parts of borax, 1 part of brassinolide, 1.1 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.2 parts of manganese sulfate.

4. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for polygonatum according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cow dung, corn stalks and soybean meal are mixed, crushed and fermented to obtain fermentation components, which are mixed with remaining raw materials to obtain the special fertilizer for polygonatum.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fermentation time is 28-35 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pulverizing step is pulverizing until the powder passes through a 25-60 mesh sieve.

7. Use of the special fertilizer for polygonatum according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of polygonatum cultivation.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for polygonatum is used as base fertilizer in the process of planting polygonatum.