Special oil for machining of precision automatic lathe and preparation method of special oil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of special oil for metal processing, in particular to special oil for precision automatic lathe processing and a preparation method thereof. The special oil for machining the precision automatic lathe is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 86%-92% of base oil, 3%-8% of polyester, 2%-6% of an anti-wear reagent at extreme pressure, 0.1%-0.5% of an antioxidant and 0.2%-0.6% of a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor comprises a benzotriazole derivative and a thiodiazole derivative. The special oil for machining the precision automatic lathe can meet the high-strength machining requirement of the precision automatic lathe, and has the advantages of being good in lubricity, good in cooling effect, good in equipment compatibility, excellent in high-temperature safety, not prone to volatilization of oil products, low in odor and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of special oil for metal processing, and in particular to special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Swiss-type lathes are precision machining equipment that can complete multiple machining processes such as turning, milling, drilling, boring, tapping, and engraving at one time. They are particularly suitable for complex, high-precision, multi-batch precision machining of small, slender shaft parts. Therefore, Swiss-type lathes are widely used in the precision parts machining of 3C, medical equipment, automobile and other industries.

[0003] Since Swiss-type lathes are high-speed, precision processing equipment, the lubricating properties of the oil used must be excellent to reduce the wear of mechanical parts and extend the service life of tools and machine tools. Swiss-type lathes require special processing oils during processing, but conventional metal processing oils are not suitable for long-term processing of Swiss-type lathes due to many limitations such as insufficient lubrication, slow thermal conductivity, poor equipment compatibility, and high temperature safety. In order to meet the needs of the use of Swiss-type lathes, the special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing needs to have the following characteristics: (1) good lubricity and high oil film strength. During the processing, it can effectively suppress the increase of mechanical friction to reduce tool wear and ensure the surface accuracy requirements of the processed workpiece; (2) good cooling effect. The machine oil should have good cooling performance, especially during long-term processing. It can effectively control the temperature, prevent the machine tool from overheating, and extend the service life of the machine tool; (3) good equipment compatibility, compatible with different materials of Swiss-type lathes (such as metals and guide tubes), to ensure that there will be no chemical corrosion or adverse reactions to the equipment or workpiece; (4) excellent high-temperature safety. During the production process, long-term and large-scale processing may cause electric sparks or overheating. In this case, the special processing oil needs to remain stable and safe; (5) the oil is not easy to volatilize and has low odor. Swiss-type lathes usually run for a long time, and workers need to work near the machine tool for a long time. Some machine oils contain volatile chemical components. If the odor is too strong, it will cause headaches, nausea or other health problems for workers. Low-odor oil can reduce this risk. Currently, the commonly used special oils for metal processing mainly include stamping oil, cutting oil and grinding oil, but the performance of these types of special oils for processing cannot meet the above requirements well. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the comprehensive performance of special oil for metal processing cannot meet the use requirements of Swiss-type lathes.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes. The raw materials for its preparation include, by mass percentage: 86% to 92% of base oil, 3% to 8% of polymer ester, 2% to 6% of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 0.1% to 0.5% of antioxidant, and 0.2% to 0.6% of corrosion inhibitor; the corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives.

[0007] The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing, wherein the base oil includes at least one of 150N, 100N, 70N, Lu'an 3#, cyclohexane oil, and PAO.

[0008] The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes, wherein the polymer ester includes at least one of trimethylolpropane oleate, tetrapolyricinoleate, isooctyl stearate, isooctyl cocoate, and dioctyl terephthalate.

[0009] The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing, wherein the extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes one or two of phosphate ester and borate ester.

[0010] The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes, wherein the phosphate ester includes at least one of oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate ester, triphenyl phosphate ester, and isooctylphenyl phosphate ester.

[0011] The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes, wherein the boric acid ester includes one or both of triethanolamine boric acid ester and monoethanolamine boric acid ester.

[0012] The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes, wherein the antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 4,4-dioctyldiphenylamine.

[0013] The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes, wherein the mass ratio of the benzotriazole derivative to the thiadiazole derivative is (1-2):1.

[0014] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a special machining oil, which is used to prepare the special machining oil for Swiss-type lathes as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S001. Mix the base oil and polymer and stir at room temperature until they become homogeneous and transparent;

[0016] S002. Slowly add antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor and stir until the solution is clear and transparent;

[0017] S003. Further add extreme pressure anti-wear agent and stir until uniform to obtain transparent special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing.

[0018] The method for preparing the special processing oil, wherein, in S002, the stirring temperature is 55-60°C.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The first aspect of the present invention provides a special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes. The special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes aims to solve the problems of the special oil for machining in the prior art, such as insufficient lubricity, cooling performance, compatibility, safety and reliability, and strong odor. The special oil adopts a high proportion of high flash point and low odor base oil and a low volatility extreme pressure anti-wear agent. A certain amount of polymer is added for compounding. This ensures that a high strength lubricating film can be formed while ensuring a low odor. The viscosity is controlled within a reasonable range, so that the special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes has good cooling performance. In addition, the present invention also effectively protects the copper, aluminum, and iron parts used in the machine from corrosion and protects the machine tool by reasonably adding functional substances such as corrosion inhibitors. Swiss-type lathes can achieve high-efficiency and high-precision safe production.

[0020] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing special processing oil, which is used to prepare the special processing oil for Swiss-type lathes as described above. The preparation method has simple process, good quality controllability, and can be produced and applied on a large scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a special oil for machining a Swiss-type lathe and a preparation method thereof. In order to make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] The first aspect of the present invention provides a special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes. The raw materials for its preparation include, by mass percentage: 86% to 92% of base oil, 3% to 8% of polymer ester, 2% to 6% of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 0.1% to 0.5% of antioxidant, and 0.2% to 0.6% of corrosion inhibitor; the corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives.

[0023] The special oil for machining central machining of the present invention adopts a high proportion of base oil and extreme pressure anti-wear agent, and is compounded with polymerized fat, so that a high-strength lubricating film can be formed during use, and the viscosity is controlled within a reasonable range, so that the special oil for machining central machining has good lubricity and cooling properties. In addition, in order to avoid using additives that have a strong corrosive effect on copper, aluminum, and iron, the present invention also selects a suitable proportion of corrosion inhibitors to protect metal parts without damaging the machine tool.

[0024] Base oil is the main component of special oil for Swiss-type machining, which is usually obtained from crude oil through refining or synthesis processes. They are divided into three categories: mineral base oil, synthetic base oil and bio-base oil. The quality of base oil determines the key properties of special oil for Swiss-type machining, such as lubricity, thermal stability, oxidation stability and fluidity. In addition, base oil can also cover the metal surface to form a protective layer to reduce the risk of oxidation and corrosion. Depending on the application scenario, the base oil can be further used in combination with other components to improve the overall performance. In addition, a more thorough refining process can be used to remove impurities such as sulfides and aromatic hydrocarbons to achieve a base oil with significantly less odor, and its low volatility is not easy to produce odor.

[0025] Preferably, the base oil includes at least one of 150N, 100N, 70N, Lu'an 3#, cyclohexane oil, and PAO.

[0026] Polyester is a synthetic ester base oil synthesized by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid and diol. Compared with traditional mineral oil base oil, polymer ester has many superior properties. First, it has good viscosity-temperature characteristics and a high viscosity index, which can ensure that the appropriate viscosity can be maintained under temperature changes. Secondly, polymer ester has excellent fluidity at low temperatures and is suitable for extreme low temperature environments. In addition, polymer ester has good stability at high temperatures. As the molecular weight increases, its flash point increases and volatility decreases. The polarity of polymer ester also makes it have excellent lubricity, which can form a strong boundary oil film on the friction surface, thereby reducing wear and abrasion.

[0027] Preferably, the polymer ester includes at least one of trimethylolpropane oleate, tetrapolyricinoleate, isooctyl stearate, isooctyl cocoate, and dioctyl terephthalate.

[0028] The base oil and polymer ester selected in the present invention are both substances with relatively high flash points, which can ensure the high-temperature safety of the special oil for machining Swiss-type lathes.

[0029] Extreme pressure anti-wear agents are a class of additives used in lubricants to improve their performance under high load and extreme friction conditions. Extreme pressure anti-wear agents usually reduce metal contact by forming a protective film on the friction surface, thereby effectively reducing wear and extending the service life of equipment. Common extreme pressure anti-wear agents include phosphate esters, sulfides and chlorides, which form a strong oil film on the friction interface through chemical reactions to ensure lubrication stability under high temperature and high pressure.

[0030] Preferably, the extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes one or both of phosphate ester and borate ester.

[0031] Preferably, the phosphate ester includes at least one of oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and isooctylphenyl phosphate.

[0032] Preferably, the borate ester includes one or both of triethanolamine borate and monoethanolamine borate.

[0033] Antioxidants are additives used in metal products. Their main function is to prevent metals from oxidizing and rusting during production and use. Antioxidants slow down the oxidation reaction of metals by forming a protective film on the metal surface to isolate air and moisture. The choice of antioxidants affects the quality and durability of the film. Common types include phenols, amines, and organic acid salts. By properly selecting antioxidants, the corrosion resistance of metal materials can be significantly improved and their service life can be extended.

[0034] Preferably, the antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 4,4-dioctyldiphenylamine.

[0035] In some cutting machines, parts often contain metals such as copper, aluminum and iron, and these metals may be corroded due to the influence of certain chemical components in special processing oil. Corrosion inhibitors can slow down the rate of corrosion of metal materials in specific environments. They prevent the invasion of corrosive media by forming a protective film on the metal surface, or neutralize corrosive substances through chemical reactions to improve the durability and reliability of equipment and structures. Different types of corrosion inhibitors can be optimized for different metals and corrosive environments to achieve the best protection effect. The benzotriazole derivatives used in the present invention can have a good corrosion inhibition effect in an alkaline environment, while the thiadiazole derivatives have a good corrosion inhibition effect in an acidic environment. The selection of benzotriazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives for compounding can cope with complex processing environments.

[0036] Preferably, the mass ratio of the benzotriazole derivative to the thiadiazole derivative is (1-2):1.

[0037] In addition, the base oil and other additives specifically selected in the present invention are all low-volatility and low-odor substances, which will not cause headaches, nausea or other health problems to workers due to excessive odor, and deteriorate the production environment.

[0038] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a special machining oil, which is used to prepare the special machining oil for Swiss-type lathes as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S001. Mix the base oil and polymer and stir at room temperature until they become homogeneous and transparent;

[0040] S002. Slowly add antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor and stir until the solution is clear and transparent;

[0041] S003. Further add extreme pressure anti-wear agent and stir until uniform to obtain transparent special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing.

[0042] Preferably, in S002, the stirring temperature is 55-60°C.

[0043] The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples and comparative examples.

[0044] The sources of some of the raw materials used in the preparation of the special processing oils in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0045] 150N: CNOOC Huizhou Petrochemical Co., Ltd.;

[0046] Trimethylolpropane oleate: Jiangsu Pulex Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0047] Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate: Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical;

[0048] Triethanolamine borate: Dexu New Materials (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.

[0049] 2,6-di-tert-butylamino-p-cresol: Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0050] Benzotriazole derivatives: Shanghai Hongze Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0051] Thiadiazole derivatives: Shanghai Hongze Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0052] The preparation methods of the processing special oils of the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0053] A001. Mix the base oil and polymer ester and stir until they are homogeneous and transparent;

[0054] A002. Add antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor in sequence, maintain the temperature at 50-55°C, and stir until uniform and transparent;

[0055] A003. Add extreme pressure anti-wear agent and stir until uniform to obtain transparent oil.

[0056] The special processing oil formulas of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-12 are as follows:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] The various properties of the processing oils of the above embodiments and comparative examples were tested.

[0060] Among them, kinematic viscosity (40℃, mm 2 / s) is tested in accordance with GB / T 265, ASTM D445;

[0061] The flash point (open cup, °C) test is carried out in accordance with GB / T 3536, ASTM D92;

[0062] The pour point (℃) test is carried out in accordance with GB / T 3535, ASTM D97;

[0063] The copper sheet corrosion (grade) test is carried out in accordance with GB / T 5096, ASTM D130;

[0064] The test of saponification value (mgKOH / g) shall be carried out in accordance with GB / T 5530;

[0065] The detection of aluminum sheet corrosion (ADC12) is carried out in accordance with GB / T 6144;

[0066] The detection of cast iron sheet corrosion (HT300) is carried out in accordance with GB / T 6144;

[0067] The test method for extreme pressure lubrication performance is carried out in accordance with GB / T12583-1998, and the tester model is Xiamen Tianji MS-10A.

[0068] The corresponding test results are as follows:

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074] Table 3

[0075]

[0076] Table 4

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Table 5

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] It can be seen from the results in Tables 1 to 4 that, compared with the comparative examples, the comprehensive performance of Examples 1 to 4 is better and meets the use requirements of special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing.

[0083] Further referring to Table 2, compared with Example 1, the lubrication performance of Comparative Examples 1-3 is inferior to that of Example 1, but is also close to that of Example 1, and Comparative Example 3 is the worst. This shows that a certain concentration of polymer grease can effectively improve the oil film strength of the processing oil and improve the lubrication performance, but when the concentration of polymer grease reaches a certain limit, the improvement in the lubrication effect is no longer obvious. Among the four oil samples, the kinematic viscosity of Comparative Example 3 is the lowest, which is 24.72 mm 2 / s, and then as the content of polymer fat in the formula increases, the viscosity of the oil sample also increases successively, among which the viscosity of Example 1 is 28.38mm 2 / s, comparative example 1 is 31.46mm 2 / s, comparative example 2 is 34.8mm 2 / s, and for the selection of special processing oil, the viscosity is 15-30mm 2 / s (40°C) is usually a suitable range. This viscosity level of machining oil can achieve a good balance between lubrication and cooling performance. Low viscosity machining oil can provide sufficient cooling in the high speed environment of the Swiss machine, while ensuring the rapid flow of lubricating oil, reducing heat accumulation and tool wear. Therefore, Example 1 can have good lubrication performance under the premise of satisfying cooling performance.

[0084] Further referring to Table 3, compared with Example 2, Example 2 has the smallest odor, and is basically odorless, while Comparative Examples 4-6 have obvious irritating odors. This is because Example 2 uses a base oil with low volatility and light odor, which can effectively reduce the emission of odor. The extreme pressure anti-wear agent of Example 2 also selects a type with light odor, avoiding the use of components with strong odors such as sulfides and chlorides. On the basis of ensuring the performance of the cutting oil, the impact of the odor on workers is effectively reduced.

[0085] Further referring to Table 4, compared with Example 3, Example 3 has the best metal corrosion test results, and copper sheet corrosion, aluminum sheet corrosion, and cast iron corrosion are all at the optimal level. The aluminum sheet corrosion and cast iron corrosion of Example 7-9 are also at the optimal level, but the copper sheet corrosion is 1b. This is because the polar groups of base oil, polymer ester, phosphate ester, and borate ester themselves will be adsorbed on the metal surface, isolating water and other substances in the air and playing a certain protective role, protecting aluminum corrosion and iron rust. The discoloration tendency of copper is generally more obvious than that of iron and aluminum, especially at high temperatures or in contact with specific additives (such as sulfur-containing or chlorine-containing extreme pressure anti-wear agents). The active compounds in some additives will react with copper to form products with color changes, such as dark brown or green copper soap precipitation. Therefore, in order to prevent copper from discoloring, corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole compounds are often added to the oil to protect the copper surface. The experimental results show that the corrosion inhibition effect of mixing benzotriazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives in equal proportions is better than that of using them alone, which can effectively prevent copper from discoloring.

[0086] Further referring to Table 5, compared with Comparative Examples 10-12 and Example 4, Example 4 has the highest flash point. This is because the base oil and other components used in Example 4 are all high-flash-point ingredients, and the overall flash point of the formula is high, which can maintain stable and safe production even when electric sparks or overheating are generated during the production process.

[0087] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing, characterized in that: The raw materials for its preparation include, by mass percentage, 86% to 92% of base oil, 3% to 8% of polymer ester, 2% to 6% of extreme pressure anti-wear agent, 0.1% to 0.5% of antioxidant, and 0.2% to 0.6% of corrosion inhibitor; the corrosion inhibitor includes benzotriazole derivatives and thiadiazole derivatives.

2. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base oil includes at least one of 150N, 100N, 70N, Lu'an 3#, cyclohexane oil, and PAO.

3. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymeric ester includes at least one of trimethylolpropane oleate, tetrapolyricinoleate, isooctyl stearate, isooctyl cocoate, and dioctyl terephthalate.

4. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extreme pressure anti-wear agent includes one or both of phosphate ester and borate ester.

5. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phosphate ester includes at least one of oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and isooctylphenyl phosphate.

6. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The borate ester includes one or both of triethanolamine borate and monoethanolamine borate.

7. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant includes at least one of 2,6-di-tert-butylamino-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 4,4-dioctyldiphenylamine.

8. The special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the benzotriazole derivative to the thiadiazole derivative is (1-2):

1.

9. A method for preparing special processing oil, characterized in that: The method for preparing the special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S001. Mix the base oil and polymer and stir at room temperature until they become homogeneous and transparent; S002. Slowly add antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor and stir until the solution is clear and transparent; S003. Further add extreme pressure anti-wear agent and stir until uniform to obtain transparent special oil for Swiss-type lathe processing.

10. The method for preparing the special processing oil according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step S002, the stirring temperature is 55-60°C.

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