Liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and hollow glass microsphere filling device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method.The liquid hydrogen storage tank comprises a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell and an inner shell located in the outer shell, a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the vacuum cavity is filled with the hollow glass microspheres. The hollow glass microsphere filling device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a gasifier, a heater, an HGM storage container, a pressure storage tank, a filter and a water ring pump, an outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with an inlet of the gasifier, an outlet of the gasifier is connected with an inlet of the heater, an outlet of the heater is connected with an inlet of the pressure storage tank, and an outlet of the heater is connected with a gas inlet of the HGM storage container. The device is suitable for heat insulation of the large liquid hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen storage, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method. Background Art

[0002] As an excellent energy carrier, hydrogen energy has the advantages of high efficiency, cleanliness, wide distribution, and sustainability. It is a new energy source with great application prospects. As a key link between production and application, hydrogen storage is a prerequisite for large-scale civilian use of hydrogen energy, and it is also the main bottleneck hindering its efficient application. Among the many forms of hydrogen energy storage, cryogenic liquid storage has the advantages of high purity and high energy density per unit volume. It meets the requirements of "large-scale and long-term" hydrogen storage and is an important research direction in the field of hydrogen energy storage. For ground storage of liquid hydrogen, the main types of storage tanks are cylindrical tanks and spherical tanks. Among them, spherical tanks have a small specific surface area, less steel consumption, and uniform force. They can store more liquid hydrogen with the smallest equipment footprint, and are ideal containers for storing large amounts of liquid hydrogen.

[0003] Hydrogen has an extremely low boiling point and a low latent heat of vaporization, so vaporization losses are inevitable during storage. How to minimize the amount of heat that leaks into the storage tank from the environment and reduce the evaporation loss of liquid hydrogen is one of the main technical challenges in liquid hydrogen storage. Environmental heat generally enters liquid hydrogen through the following three pathways: (1) insulation layer; (2) internal support structure; (3) pipelines. Among them, heat leakage through the insulation layer accounts for more than half of the total heat leakage and needs to be reduced as a priority.

[0004] Chinese patent application with publication number CN113063088A discloses a low-temperature composite insulation layer, a preparation method thereof, and its application in vehicle-mounted low-temperature hydrogen storage tanks. It uses a hollow microsphere layer and a multi-layer insulation layer to form the insulation layer of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank to reduce heat leakage. The hollow microsphere layer includes a support body and a hollow microsphere powder. The hollow microsphere powder is filled inside the support body. The hollow microsphere layer is divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, and is arranged on the outer wall of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank. The three parts are sewn and connected to prepare a hollow microsphere layer. The multi-layer insulation layer is also sewn according to a similar preparation method for the hollow microsphere layer. However, this sewing and wrapping method and the combination of multi-layer insulation materials are only applicable to small liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and are not applicable to fixed large liquid hydrogen storage tanks, because multi-layer insulation materials are difficult to wrap on the surface of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Moreover, multi-layer insulation is only applicable when the tank pressure is extremely low (less than 10 -2 However, it is costly to evacuate large storage tanks to a high vacuum and the vacuum is difficult to maintain, so it is difficult to take advantage of multi-layer insulation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres and a hollow glass microsphere filling device and method, which are suitable for the insulation of large liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres, comprising: a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, wherein the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell and an inner shell located inside the outer shell, a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the vacuum cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres.

[0007] Preferably, at least one steam cooling screen is arranged in the vacuum chamber from inside to outside.

[0008] Furthermore, the vapor cold shield divides the vacuum cavity into at least two layers of separation cavities from the inside to the outside, and each separation cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres; from the inside to the outside, the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each separation cavity increases successively.

[0009] Furthermore, the steam cold shield includes a filter and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline arranged on the filter.

[0010] Furthermore, the filter screen is specifically a stainless steel filter screen.

[0011] The present invention also provides a hollow glass microsphere filling device, comprising: a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a vaporizer, a heater, a HGM storage container, a pressure accumulator, a filter and a water ring pump; the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer, the outlet of the vaporizer is connected to the inlet of the heater, the outlet of the heater is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator through a first valve and a second valve in sequence, and the outlet of the heater is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container through a first valve and a third valve in sequence; the liquid nitrogen storage tank is a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres as described above; When in use, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container is connected to the shell inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the fourth valve, the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank is connected to the shell inlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve, and the water ring pump is connected to the shell outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the filter in turn.

[0012] Preferably, a thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the heater and the first valve.

[0013] Preferably, the pressure accumulator tank is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

[0014] Preferably, a thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump and the filter.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for filling hollow glass microspheres of a liquid hydrogen storage tank. Based on the hollow glass microsphere filling device as described above, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a fourth valve, the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank is connected to the gas inlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a fifth valve, and the water ring pump is connected to the gas outlet of the shell of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via a filter in turn; the method comprises: The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is gasified into nitrogen through a gasifier, and the nitrogen is heated into high-temperature nitrogen through a heater, and the first valve and the third valve are opened, and the high-temperature nitrogen is used to dry the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container, and the third valve and the heater are closed after the drying is completed; Open the second valve to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator and make the pressure in the pressure accumulator reach the first preset pressure, and close the first valve and the second valve; Start the water ring pump, open the eighth valve, reduce the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to the second preset pressure, open the fourth valve, and start filling the hollow glass microspheres. When the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches the third preset pressure, close the fourth valve and the water ring pump, open the fifth valve, and allow high-pressure nitrogen to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to compact the hollow glass microspheres. Repeat this step until the hollow cavity is full of hollow glass microspheres, and then evacuate the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention sets the liquid hydrogen storage tank as a double-layer structure formed by an inner shell and an outer shell, and uses hollow glass microspheres (HGM) as insulation materials. The hollow glass microspheres are directly filled in the vacuum cavity between the outer shell and the inner shell. The hollow glass microspheres are easy to fill, have strong adaptability to vacuum, and have low maintenance costs. They can replace multi-layer insulation for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. The hollow glass microspheres in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be directly filled without sewing and wrapping through a support body, and are suitable for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. In addition, when the vacuum degree is high, the insulation effect of a single hollow glass microsphere is better than that of a multi-layer insulation.

[0017] Furthermore, a vapor cooled shield (VCS) is set in the vacuum chamber. The hydrogen gas after the liquid hydrogen is heated and vaporized passes through the vapor cooled shield and exchanges heat with the hollow glass microspheres before being discharged, thereby utilizing the sensible heat of the evaporated hydrogen to change the temperature distribution of the insulation layer and increase the thermal resistance of the insulation layer, further weakening the heat transfer. The HGM is coupled with the VCS to achieve a better insulation effect.

[0018] Furthermore, because on the low-temperature side, the heat passing through the HGM insulation layer is mainly conducted by heat conduction, and on the high-temperature side it is mainly radiated. Therefore, in the present invention, hollow glass microspheres of different densities are filled in the partition cavity formed by the steam cold screen partition, and the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each partition cavity increases from the inside to the outside. The high-density hollow glass microspheres in the outermost partition cavity have the strongest ability to weaken radiation, and the low-density hollow glass microspheres in the innermost partition cavity have the strongest ability to weaken solid thermal conduction. Therefore, the setting of the variable-density hollow glass microspheres matches the heat conduction of the inner and outer layers, further increasing the thermal resistance of the insulation layer and weakening heat transfer.

[0019] The present invention designs a hollow glass microsphere filling device for the proposed liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres to realize the filling of hollow glass microspheres in the vacuum cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank. By drying the hollow glass microspheres with heated nitrogen, it is possible to avoid bringing moisture into the liquid hydrogen storage tank and affecting the subsequent vacuum pumping; by reducing the pressure in the hollow cavity with a water ring pump to make it present a negative pressure, it is convenient for the hollow glass microspheres to be filled into the hollow cavity; by compacting the hollow glass microspheres with nitrogen in the pressure storage tank, the packing density of the hollow glass microspheres can be increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a model diagram of the liquid hydrogen storage tank and its internal layout in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hollow glass microsphere filling device in the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the new steam cooling shield (hydrogen pipeline plus filter).

[0024] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the implementation of the new vapor cooling shield on the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0025] 1-external support; 2-shell; 3-high-density hollow glass microspheres; 4-second vapor cooling screen; 5-medium-density hollow glass microspheres; 6-first vapor cooling screen; 7-low-density hollow glass microspheres; 8-inner shell; 9-liquid nitrogen storage tank; 10-sixth valve; 11-vaporizer; 12-seventh valve; 13-heater; 14-first thermometer; 15-first pressure gauge; 16-first valve; 17-second valve; 18-pressure accumulator; 19-third valve; 20-second pressure gauge; 21-safety valve; 22-fourth valve; 23-HGM storage container; 24-second thermometer; 25-fifth valve; 26-liquid hydrogen storage tank; 27-eighth valve; 28-filter; 29-third thermometer; 30-third pressure gauge; 31-water ring pump; 32-filter; 33-hydrogen pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the process equipment or devices not specifically specified in the following embodiments are all conventional equipment or devices in the art.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. Moreover, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is only a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or to define the scope of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0029] In addition, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. The orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention; in addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements.

[0030] The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres described in the present invention comprises a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, wherein the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprises an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 8 located inside the outer shell 2, a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8, and the vacuum cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres.

[0031] The present invention sets the liquid hydrogen storage tank as a double-layer structure formed by an inner shell 8 and an outer shell 2, uses hollow glass microspheres as insulation materials, and directly fills the hollow glass microspheres in the vacuum cavity between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8. The hollow glass microspheres are easy to fill, have strong adaptability to vacuum, and have low maintenance costs. They can replace multi-layer insulation for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks. The hollow glass microspheres in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be directly filled without the need for sewing and wrapping through a support body, and are suitable for large liquid hydrogen storage tanks.

[0032] In order to improve the insulation effect, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, at least one vapor cold shield is arranged from the inside to the outside in the vacuum chamber. When the liquid hydrogen is heated and vaporized, the temperature of the evaporated gas is only higher than the saturation temperature. The hydrogen passes through the vapor cold shield and exchanges heat with the hollow glass microspheres before being discharged, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the hollow glass microspheres, reduce the heat exchange temperature difference, and increase the thermal resistance of the hollow glass microspheres, thereby reducing the amount of heat leaking into the liquid hydrogen.

[0033] In order to further improve the thermal insulation effect, hollow glass microspheres of different densities can be filled in each partition cavity formed by the steam cold shield dividing the vacuum cavity. From the inside to the outside, the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each partition cavity increases successively. Preferably, two steam cold shields are provided, that is, the vacuum cavity is divided into three layers of partition cavities from the inside to the outside, the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in the innermost partition cavity is the smallest, and the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in the outermost partition cavity is the largest, that is, from the outside to the inside, they are high-density area, medium-density area, and low-density area. The hollow glass microspheres in the outermost partition cavity have the strongest ability to weaken radiation, and the hollow glass microspheres in the innermost partition cavity have the strongest ability to weaken solid thermal conductivity.

[0034] Preferably, the steam cold shield of the present invention comprises a filter screen 32 and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline 33 arranged on the filter screen 32 .

[0035] The filter 32 is specifically a stainless steel filter. The mesh number of the filter should be selected according to the particle size of HGM, and the mesh number should not be less than 300 meshes. Compared with the stainless steel screen, the filter can be breathable while isolating HGM, while the stainless steel screen can only isolate HGM. Because the interlayer needs to be evacuated during normal use of the storage tank, it is unnecessary to open an additional evacuation port in the interlayer if the filter is used directly here. In addition, the filter is relatively light in weight, and its overall weight is lighter than that of the same type of storage tank with VCS; at the same time, it is easier to install than the stainless steel screen, and the components supporting the VCS are smaller.

[0036] In order to successfully fill the hollow glass microspheres into the vacuum cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank, the present invention provides a hollow glass microsphere filling device.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the hollow glass microsphere filling device includes: a liquid nitrogen storage tank 9, a vaporizer 11, a heater 13, a HGM storage container 23, a pressure accumulator 18, a filter 28, and a water ring pump 31; the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 9 is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer 11 through the sixth valve 10, the outlet of the vaporizer 11 is connected to the inlet of the heater 13 through the seventh valve 12, the outlet of the heater 13 is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container 23 through the first valve 16 and the third valve 19 in sequence, the outlet of the heater 13 is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator 18 through the first valve 16 and the second valve 17 in sequence, the outlet of the pressure accumulator 18 is connected to the gas inlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through the fifth valve 25, and the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container 23 is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through the fourth valve 22. The water ring pump 31 is connected to the gas outlet of the shell 2 of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 through the filter 28 and the eighth valve 27 in sequence.

[0038] A first thermometer 14 and a first pressure gauge 15 are provided on the connecting pipe between the heater 13 and the first valve 16. A second pressure gauge 20 and a safety valve 21 are provided on the pressure accumulator 18. A third thermometer 29 and a third pressure gauge 30 are provided on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump 31 and the filter 28. A second thermometer 24 is provided on the HGM storage container 23.

[0039] The method of filling the hollow glass microspheres into the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 using the hollow glass microsphere filling device of the present invention is as follows: First, the sixth valve 10 is opened to allow the liquid nitrogen to be vaporized into nitrogen through the vaporizer 11, and then the seventh valve 12 is opened to allow the nitrogen to pass through the heater 13 to become high-temperature nitrogen, and the first thermometer 14 and the first pressure gauge 15 are used to detect and control the temperature and pressure of the high-temperature nitrogen, and then the first valve 16 and the third valve 19 are opened to heat, dry and purge the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container 23, during which the second thermometer 24 is used to control the heating temperature, and the third valve 19 and the heater 13 are closed after the drying is completed.

[0040] Open the second valve 17 to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator 18, and make the pressure in the pressure accumulator 18 reach the first preset pressure (for example, 0.3 MPa). Use the second pressure gauge 20 to detect the pressure in the tube. The safety valve 21 prevents accidents caused by excessive pressure. After the pressure accumulation is completed, close the sixth valve 10, the seventh valve 12, the first valve 16, and the second valve 17.

[0041] Start the water ring pump 31, open the eighth valve 27, reduce the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 to the second preset pressure (e.g., 80000Pa (absolute pressure)), open the fourth valve 22, start filling the hollow glass microspheres, during the filling process, the filter 28 plays a filtering role, allowing the gas to pass through and isolate the hollow glass microspheres to prevent the hollow glass microspheres from entering the water ring pump 31, the third thermometer 29 and the third pressure gauge 30 respectively monitor the temperature and pressure at the pump port of the water ring pump 31, when the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 reaches the third preset pressure (e.g., 15000Pa (absolute pressure)), close the fourth valve 22 and the water ring pump 31, open the fifth valve 25, allow high-pressure nitrogen to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26, and compact the hollow glass microspheres. Repeat this step until the hollow cavity is full of hollow glass microspheres, and then vacuum the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0042] Furthermore, a vibrator may be installed outside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 26 to assist in compacting the empty glass microspheres, or a combination of nitrogen compaction and natural sedimentation may be used to allow the empty glass microspheres to reach a preset packing density. During the filling process of the empty glass microspheres, a probe may be used at the top to observe the filling degree of the empty glass microspheres.

[0043] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a specific embodiment of the liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres of the present invention is shown. The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres includes a double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body arranged in a spherical shape. The double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body includes an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 8 located inside the outer shell 2. A vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 8. The first steam cold shield 6 and the second steam cold shield 4 are sequentially arranged in the vacuum cavity from the inside to the outside. The first steam cold shield 6 and the second steam cold shield 4 divide the vacuum cavity into three layers of separation cavities. From the inside to the outside, the three layers of separation cavities are filled with low-density hollow glass microspheres 7, medium-density hollow glass microspheres 5, and high-density hollow glass microspheres 3, respectively.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. The first steam cold shield 6 and the second steam cold shield 4 both include a filter 32 and a hydrogen pipeline 33 fixed on the filter 32. The inner shell 8 of the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body is used to contain liquid hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen generated by the evaporation of liquid hydrogen is discharged through the hydrogen pipeline 33. During the flow of the low-temperature hydrogen, heat is exchanged with the hollow glass microspheres, thereby taking out the heat and preventing the heat from entering the liquid hydrogen, which plays a role of insulation.

[0045] The double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body is placed as a whole on the external support 21, and the external support 21 is used to support the entire liquid hydrogen spherical tank.

[0046] The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres, characterized in that: include: A double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body, the double-layer liquid hydrogen storage tank body comprising an outer shell (2) and an inner shell (8) located inside the outer shell (2), a vacuum cavity is formed between the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (8), and hollow glass microspheres are filled in the vacuum cavity.

2. The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres according to claim 1 is characterized in that: At least one steam cooling screen is arranged in the vacuum chamber from inside to outside.

3. The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The vapor cold screen divides the vacuum cavity into at least two layers of separation cavities from the inside to the outside, and each separation cavity is filled with hollow glass microspheres; from the inside to the outside, the filling density of the hollow glass microspheres in each separation cavity increases successively.

4. The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steam cold shield comprises a filter screen (32) and a serpentine hydrogen pipeline (33) arranged on the filter screen (32).

5. The liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter screen (32) is specifically a stainless steel filter screen.

6. A hollow glass microsphere filling device, characterized in that: include: A liquid nitrogen storage tank (9), a vaporizer (11), a heater (13), a HGM storage container (23), a pressure accumulator (18), a filter (28) and a water ring pump (31); the outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (9) is connected to the inlet of the vaporizer (11), the outlet of the vaporizer (11) is connected to the inlet of the heater (13), the outlet of the heater (13) is connected to the inlet of the pressure accumulator (18) via a first valve (16) and a second valve (17) in sequence, and the outlet of the heater (13) is connected to the gas inlet of the HGM storage container (23) via a first valve (16) and a third valve (19) in sequence; the liquid nitrogen storage tank (9) is a liquid hydrogen storage tank based on hollow glass microspheres as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; When in use, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container (23) is connected to the microsphere inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9) via the fourth valve (22), the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank (18) is connected to the gas inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (9) via the fifth valve (25), and the water ring pump (31) is connected to the gas outlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) via the filter (28).

7. The hollow glass microsphere filling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the heater (13) and the first valve (16).

8. The hollow glass microsphere filling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure accumulator tank (18) is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve (21).

9. The hollow glass microsphere filling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A thermometer and a pressure gauge are provided on the connecting pipe between the water ring pump (31) and the filter (28).

10. The method for filling hollow glass microspheres in a liquid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Based on the hollow glass microsphere filling device described in claim 6, the HGM outlet of the HGM storage container (23) is connected to the inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via the fourth valve (22), the outlet of the pressure accumulator tank (18) is connected to the inlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank via the fifth valve (25), and the water ring pump (31) is connected to the outlet of the shell (2) of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (26) via the filter (28); The method comprises: The liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank (9) is vaporized into nitrogen gas through a vaporizer (11), the nitrogen gas is heated into high-temperature nitrogen gas through a heater (13), the first valve (16) and the third valve (19) are opened, and the high-temperature nitrogen gas is used to dry the hollow glass microspheres in the HGM storage container (23), and the third valve (19) and the heater (13) are closed after the drying is completed; Opening the second valve (17) to allow nitrogen to enter the pressure accumulator (18), and allowing the pressure in the pressure accumulator (18) to reach a first preset pressure, and closing the first valve (16) and the second valve (17); The water ring pump (31) is started, the eighth valve (27) is opened, the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is reduced to a second preset pressure, the fourth valve (22) is opened, and the filling of the hollow glass microspheres is started; when the pressure in the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank reaches a third preset pressure, the fourth valve (22) and the water ring pump (31) are closed, the fifth valve (25) is opened, and high-pressure nitrogen is allowed to enter the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to compact the hollow glass microspheres; this step is repeated until the hollow cavity is filled with the hollow glass microspheres, and then the hollow cavity of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is evacuated.

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