Printing ink probe for non-setting adhesive printing machine
By designing an ink probe including a shaft pull rod, a slide plug plate and a multi-sensor, the problem of insufficient detection accuracy and functional expansion of ink probes in the prior art is solved, and accurate layered detection and multi-dimensional monitoring of ink are realized, and detection accuracy and management efficiency are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411453579.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
The existing ink probes for self-adhesive printing machines have limitations in detection accuracy and functional expansion, and cannot effectively distinguish the ink liquid conditions of different heights or levels, and are affected by changes in the external environment, so the detection error is relatively large.
An ink probe including a stylus tube, a shaft pull rod, a detection sensor group and a piston chamber is designed. The rotational movement of the shaft pull rod and the sliding coordination of the slide plug plate are achieved to achieve layered detection and multi-dimensional monitoring of the ink. The probe is equipped with a capacitive liquid level sensor, density sensor and temperature sensor, which can detect the liquid level, density and temperature of the ink in real time and detect impurity content through an ultrasonic detector.
Accurate layered detection and multi-dimensional monitoring of ink are realized, detection errors caused by temperature or stratification are reduced, the accuracy of ink quality monitoring is improved, and remote monitoring and data analysis are realized through wireless communication modules.
Smart Images

Figure CN119509609A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of self-adhesive printing machines, in particular to an ink probe for self-adhesive printing machines. Background Art
[0002] During the printing process of a self-adhesive printer, the state of the ink directly affects the final printing quality and production efficiency. In order to ensure the stability and quality of the ink supply, ink probes are widely used in liquid level detection and quality monitoring in ink cartridges. At present, traditional ink probes for self-adhesive printers usually adopt a simple structural design, and their basic function is to reflect the overall state of the ink by detecting parameters such as the ink level and resistance in the ink cartridge. However, the ink probes in the prior art have many limitations in terms of detection accuracy and functional extensibility.
[0003] The structure of the ink probe is relatively simple, and usually only reflects the ink status in the entire ink cartridge through resistance measurement. This type of traditional probe can usually only roughly evaluate the liquid level or quality of the entire ink, and cannot effectively distinguish the liquid conditions of the ink at different heights or levels. In addition, the structure of the traditional probe design is single and lacks multi-dimensional sensing detection methods. Especially when the ink is stratified, the temperature changes, or the impurity content is high, the measurement results are often not accurate enough. This detection method may not be able to identify the stratification problem in the ink in time, and due to the limitation of a single detection method, the sensor is easily affected by changes in the external environment (such as temperature), resulting in large detection errors.
[0004] Traditional probes usually rely on the change in the overall resistance value of the ink to infer the quality and liquid level of the ink, and lack the ability to finely detect the different layers of liquid inside the ink. This not only affects the use and management of the ink, but may also lead to the failure to promptly detect problems in the ink during the printing process, such as impurities in the ink, temperature changes, etc., thus affecting the final printing effect.
[0005] Therefore, in response to these problems in the prior art, it is necessary to provide an improved ink probe structure that can perform layered detection and multi-dimensional monitoring of the ink, and at the same time have remote monitoring and data transmission functions to improve detection accuracy and optimize usage management. Summary of the invention
[0006] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technology.
[0007] To this end, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine, comprising: a probe tube, an axial draw rod, a detection sensor group and a piston chamber fixed to the bottom end of the axial draw rod, a rotary guide groove is provided on the inner side of the probe tube, the axial draw rod is rotatably sleeved on the inner side of the probe tube, a rotary guide vane is provided on the surface of the axial draw rod, and a sliding plug plate equal to the number of liquid inlets is fixedly installed on the surface of the rotary guide vane, the outer periphery of the sliding plug plate is slidably abutted against the inner side of the rotary guide groove, a plurality of sliding plug plates are evenly distributed on the surface of the axial draw rod and the rotary guide vanes are evenly segmented, and a plurality of detection sensor groups are evenly distributed on the inner side of the probe tube and arranged one by one between each adjacent liquid inlet. In this structure, through the rotation of the axial draw rod and the sliding cooperation of the sliding plug plate in the rotary guide groove, the effective introduction of ink can be realized, ensuring that ink liquids of different heights can be introduced into different detection areas, and layered detection can be realized.
[0008] In a possible implementation, the detection sensor group is arranged along the axial direction of the ink probe needle tube, and is used to detect the ink level and ink characteristics at different heights in the ink cartridge; the detection sensor group includes a capacitive level sensor, a density sensor, and a temperature sensor, which can detect the ink level, density, and temperature changes respectively. Through this sensor combination, not only the ink level can be detected, but also the ink stratification and ink temperature changes can be monitored, effectively avoiding detection errors caused by temperature or stratification.
[0009] In a possible implementation, the piston chamber is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mass measuring chamber, and a lifting pipe is provided at the bottom end of the mass measuring chamber for introducing ink from the bottom end of the ink cartridge, a sealing film is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the piston chamber, and an ultrasonic detector is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the piston chamber. The piston chamber can slide along the mass measuring chamber, and oscillate the ink through the ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonic detector, effectively detecting the impurity content in the ink, and further improving the monitoring accuracy of the ink quality.
[0010] In a possible implementation, the capacitive liquid level sensor detects the ink level through capacitance changes and transmits the signal to the signal conditioning circuit for amplification and filtering. The density sensor in the detection sensor group determines the stratification state of the ink through density detection and outputs a corresponding density signal. This comprehensive detection method of liquid level and density can ensure that the liquid level and stratification state of the ink are accurately identified, and the detection results are transmitted to the central processing unit for data processing.
[0011] In a possible implementation, the temperature sensor is installed outside each detection sensor group to detect the ink temperature and output a temperature signal to correct the density and liquid level detection results. By real-time temperature detection, it is possible to prevent the temperature change from affecting the ink level and density detection results, thereby improving the overall detection accuracy.
[0012] In a possible implementation, the output signal of the detection sensor group is transmitted to the central processing unit (CPU) through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for data processing, and the changes in the ink level, density and temperature are determined according to the detection results. The central processing unit (CPU) is connected to a display screen and an alarm module for real-time display of the ink level, density and temperature data, and sends an alarm signal when the ink is insufficient or the detection is abnormal. The central processing unit is equipped with a wireless communication module for transmitting the detection results to an external device for remote monitoring and data analysis. The detection results can not only be displayed in real time, but also can be remotely monitored through the wireless transmission module, so that the operator can understand the ink status in time, thereby improving the management efficiency of the equipment.
[0013] In a possible implementation, a steering gear is provided at the top of the shaft draw rod for driving the shaft draw rod to rotate, the guide vanes and the sliding plug plate on the shaft draw rod surface have the same specifications and shapes, and the outer periphery of the shaft draw rod is in sliding contact with the inner side of the measuring needle tube. The shaft draw rod can be effectively rotated by the steering gear, thereby ensuring uniform introduction of ink at different heights.
[0014] In a possible implementation, a sealing sleeve sleeved on the surface of the shaft withdrawal rod is fixedly mounted on the top of the measuring needle tube. The sealing sleeve structure can ensure good sealing with the inner side of the measuring needle tube when the shaft withdrawal rod rotates to prevent ink leakage.
[0015] In a possible implementation, a piston ring is provided on the outside of the piston cabin for sliding cooperation with the inside of the mass measuring cabin. The sealing film is an oscillating film structure for improving the vibration conduction effect between the ultrasonic detector and the ink and improving the detection accuracy. The oscillating film structure ensures the effective transmission of ultrasonic waves and further improves the sensitivity and accuracy of impurity detection.
[0016] In a possible implementation, the sliding plug plate is made of a wear-resistant material with a low friction coefficient, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene or a similar material, and the rotary guide vane is a spiral channel for guiding the ink into different detection areas. The use of wear-resistant materials ensures that the sliding plug plate slides smoothly for a long time, while the spiral channel ensures that the ink is efficiently introduced into each detection area. The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:
[0017] 1. In the present invention, through the rotational movement of the shaft draw rod and the spiral channel and sliding cooperation of the rotary guide vane and the sliding plug plate, effective introduction and layered detection of ink are achieved, ensuring that ink liquids at different heights can be accurately detected. The shaft draw rod can slide smoothly when rotating, and at the same time, the spiral channel rotary guide vane is used to guide the flow, so that the ink liquid can be efficiently introduced into different detection areas.
[0018] 2. In the present invention, the capacitive liquid level sensor, density sensor and temperature sensor included in the multi-sensor combination detection sensor group can effectively monitor the ink level, density and temperature in multiple dimensions, prevent detection errors caused by ink stratification or temperature changes, and ensure that the ink characteristics are accurately evaluated.
[0019] 3. In the present invention, through the application of the wireless communication module, the detection results of the ink probe can be transmitted to an external device, realizing remote monitoring and data analysis functions, which is convenient for operators to understand the equipment status and ink conditions in a timely manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a measuring needle tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a measuring needle tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the surface structure of the shaft draw rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the shaft withdrawal rod and piston chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] Reference numerals:
[0026] 100, measuring needle tube; 110, mass measuring chamber; 120, liquid inlet; 130, rotary guide groove; 111, lifting tube;
[0027] 200, shaft extraction rod; 210, rotary guide vane; 220, sliding plug plate; 300, detection sensor group; 400, piston chamber; 410, sealing membrane; 420, ultrasonic detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in combination with specific implementations and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0029] It is to be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
[0030] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 5 An ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine is described in some embodiments of the present invention.
[0031] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine, comprising: a probe tube 100 , an axial withdrawal rod 200 , a detection sensor group 300 and a piston chamber 400 fixed to the bottom end of the axial withdrawal rod 200 .
[0032] The specific structure is as follows:
[0033] The measuring needle tube 100 is provided with a rotary guide groove 130 for accommodating the rotary structure of the shaft withdrawal rod 200. The shaft withdrawal rod 200 is connected to the inner side of the measuring needle tube 100 by rotation, and a plurality of rotary guide vanes 210 are provided on the surface of the shaft withdrawal rod 200, and a sliding plug plate 220 is fixedly installed on the surface of each rotary guide vane 210, and the number of these sliding plug plates 220 is equal to the number of the liquid inlet 120. The outer periphery of the sliding plug plate 220 is in sliding contact with the inner side of the rotary guide groove 130, and is evenly distributed along the surface of the shaft withdrawal rod 200, ensuring that the ink is introduced into different detection areas from different heights.
[0034] In this embodiment, the detection sensor group 300 is arranged axially along the inner side of the probe tube 100, and multiple detection points are set to detect the liquid level, density and temperature of the ink. Each detection sensor group 300 includes a capacitive liquid level sensor, a density sensor and a temperature sensor. Through these sensors, the ink state at different heights in the ink cartridge can be accurately detected to prevent detection errors caused by stratification or temperature changes. The capacitive liquid level sensor detects the ink level through capacitance changes, the density sensor determines the ink stratification by measuring the density changes of different layers of ink, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the ink temperature.
[0035] The piston chamber 400 is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mass measuring chamber 110, and a lifting pipe 111 is provided at the bottom end of the mass measuring chamber 110 for introducing the ink at the bottom of the ink cartridge. A sealing film 410 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the piston chamber 400, and an ultrasonic oscillator and ultrasonic detector 420 are installed on the inner side thereof. When the piston chamber 400 slides on the inner side of the mass measuring chamber 110, the ink enters the piston chamber 400 through the lifting pipe 111, and is ultrasonically oscillated under the action of the ultrasonic detector 420, thereby detecting the impurity content in the ink. The ultrasonic oscillator enhances the vibration conduction effect on the impurities in the ink through the oscillating membrane structure in the sealing film 410, thereby ensuring the detection accuracy.
[0036] The characteristic of this embodiment is that the ink can be introduced from different heights of the ink cartridge by the rotating shaft draw rod 200 and the sliding of the sliding plug plate 220, and accurate liquid level, density and temperature detection can be achieved through multi-level sensor detection. The ultrasonic oscillator is used to detect impurities in the ink entering the mass measuring chamber 110 to ensure the quality of the ink.
[0037] Embodiment 2:
[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ink probe further improves the ink introduction and detection structure, and is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring more precise detection.
[0039] In this embodiment, a steering gear is provided at the top of the shaft draw rod 200 for driving the shaft draw rod 200 to rotate, and the steering gear realizes uniform introduction of ink by rotating the shaft draw rod 200. The outer surface guide vane 210 of the shaft draw rod 200 is designed as a spiral channel, and the sliding plug plate 220 is made of wear-resistant material such as polytetrafluoroethylene to ensure smooth sliding during rotation. Through this spiral channel structure, the ink can be introduced into different detection areas in a more stable manner, preventing uneven ink flow from causing detection errors.
[0040] In order to prevent ink leakage, in this embodiment, a sealing sleeve is fixedly installed on the top of the measuring needle tube 100, and the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the shaft withdrawal rod 200, and through sliding fit, it is ensured that the shaft withdrawal rod 200 still maintains good sealing when it rotates, thereby preventing ink from leaking during the introduction process. At the same time, the outer side of the piston chamber 400 is provided with a piston ring that slides with the inner side of the mass measuring chamber 110, so as to ensure that the piston chamber 400 can smoothly introduce ink when sliding, while maintaining good sealing.
[0041] The improved design in this embodiment makes the ink probe more stable during the ink introduction process, and ensures smoother sliding between the shaft draw rod 200 and the rotary guide groove 130 through the spiral channel structure and wear-resistant materials. The optimization of the sealing structure also improves the reliability of the device and the stability of ink introduction. In addition, the ultrasonic oscillator ultrasonic detector 420 continues to oscillate the ink through the oscillation membrane in the sealing membrane 410, ensuring that impurities in the ink can be efficiently detected.
[0042] This embodiment further improves the introduction efficiency and detection accuracy of the ink probe by improving the servo drive and sealing structure, and is suitable for printing scenarios with higher requirements for ink quality and detection.
[0043] The working principle and use process of the present invention:
[0044] The working principle of the ink probe for the self-adhesive printer of the present invention is based on the detection of the liquid level, density and temperature of the ink by multiple sensors, and the detection of impurities in the ink is realized by ultrasonic vibration. The ink is introduced from different heights in the ink box into various detection areas inside the probe tube 100 through the rotation of the shaft draw rod 200. During the introduction process, the ink enters the layered detection area through the sliding cooperation of the sliding plug plate 220 and the rotary guide groove 130.
[0045] Ink introduction: When the shaft draw rod 200 rotates inside the measuring needle tube 100, the rotary guide vane 210 provided on the surface guides the ink into the inside of the measuring needle tube 100. Through the sliding action of the sliding plug plate 220 in the rotary guide groove 130, the ink is introduced into the detection positions of the multiple detection sensor groups 300 in layers. Since the material of the sliding plug plate 220 has low friction characteristics, the smooth introduction of the ink is ensured.
[0046] Liquid level, density, and temperature detection: The introduced ink is detected at various heights by the detection sensor group 300. Specifically, the capacitive liquid level sensor detects the liquid level, the density sensor detects the density of the ink at different heights, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the ink. These sensors work together to ensure the multi-dimensional accuracy of the detection and prevent detection errors caused by temperature or ink stratification.
[0047] Impurity detection: After the ink is introduced to the bottom of the mass measuring chamber 110, it enters the interior of the piston chamber 400 through the lifting pipe 111. Here, the ultrasonic oscillator ultrasonic detector 420 is started, and the ink is vibrated through the oscillation membrane of the sealing film 410. The presence of impurities will interfere with the propagation of ultrasonic waves, thereby detecting the impurity content in the ink.
[0048] Signal processing and feedback: The detected liquid level, density, temperature and impurity information are output through the detection sensor group 300, and the signal is transmitted to the central processing unit CPU through the analog-to-digital converter for data processing and judgment. When the ink level is insufficient or an abnormality is detected, the system will prompt through the display screen or alarm module to ensure timely intervention.
[0049] Usage Process
[0050] Initialization: Start the self-adhesive printing machine. The control system first starts the central processing unit CPU of the ink probe to detect whether it is correctly connected to the ink cartridge to ensure that the probe is in place.
[0051] Ink introduction: The steering gear drives the shaft draw rod 200 to rotate. At this time, the ink is guided into the inside of the measuring needle tube 100 through the spiral guide channel of the rotary guide vane 210 and the sliding plug plate 220, and enters the detection areas at different heights along the axial direction of the probe. After flowing through the sliding plug plate 220, the ink is introduced into each corresponding detection area.
[0052] Sensor detection: After the ink reaches the detection sensor group 300, the capacitive liquid level sensor starts to detect the ink level, the density sensor detects the density difference of the ink, and the temperature sensor detects the current temperature of the ink. The data of each sensor is transmitted to the central processing unit in real time for comprehensive analysis of the liquid level, density and temperature.
[0053] Impurity detection: When the ink enters the piston chamber 400 through the lifting tube 111, the ultrasonic oscillator ultrasonic detector 420 starts to work, and performs oscillation detection on the ink through the oscillating membrane of the sealing membrane 410. Impurities in the ink are identified through the interference of the vibration signal, and the detection results are then transmitted to the central processing unit.
[0054] Data analysis and feedback: After all the sensor data such as liquid level, density, temperature and impurity content are collected, the central processing unit will analyze them. If an abnormal ink state is detected, such as insufficient liquid level, ink stratification, abnormal temperature or excessive impurities, the system will issue an alarm signal, and the operator can view the detailed data on the display and make adjustments.
[0055] Remote monitoring: Through the wireless communication module, the detection data can be transmitted to the external device in real time, so that the operator can check the ink status in the remote monitoring system for easy management and regulation.
[0056] Maintenance and end: When the ink is finished or maintenance is required, the system will notify the operator. At this time, turn off the steering gear to stop the shaft draw rod 200 from rotating. The system will automatically record the current ink status and prompt the operator to clean the equipment or replace the ink.
[0057] Summarize
[0058] The ink probe for the self-adhesive printer of the present invention introduces ink from different heights through a rotating structure, and uses multiple sensors to accurately monitor the liquid level, density and temperature of the ink, while detecting ink impurities through an ultrasonic oscillator. The system combines a central processing unit and a wireless communication module to achieve comprehensive monitoring of the ink state, ensuring the high efficiency of the printing process and the reliability of the ink quality.
[0059] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.
[0060] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine, characterized in that: include: A measuring needle tube (100), an axial withdrawal rod (200), a detection sensor group (300) and a piston chamber (400) fixed to the bottom end of the axial withdrawal rod (200), wherein a rotary guide groove (130) is provided on the inner side of the measuring needle tube (100), the axial withdrawal rod (200) is rotatably sleeved on the inner side of the measuring needle tube (100), a rotary guide vane (210) is provided on the surface of the axial withdrawal rod (200), and the surface of the rotary guide vane (210) is fixedly installed There are sliding plug plates (220) equal in number to the liquid inlets (120), the outer periphery of the sliding plug plates (220) is in sliding contact with the inner side of the sliding plug plates (220), a plurality of sliding plug plates (220) are evenly distributed on the surface of the shaft draw rod (200) and evenly divide the rotary guide vane (210), and a plurality of detection sensor groups (300) are evenly distributed on the inner side of the measuring needle tube (100) and are arranged one by one between each adjacent liquid inlet (120); The detection sensor group (300) is arranged along the axial direction of the ink probe needle tube (100) and is used to detect the ink liquid level and ink characteristics at different heights in the ink box; the detection sensor group (300) comprises: Capacitive liquid level sensor, used to detect the liquid level of ink at different heights; Density sensor, used to detect density changes of different ink layers to determine the stratification of ink; Temperature sensor, used to detect the temperature of ink to prevent the fluidity of ink and the test results from being affected by temperature changes; The piston chamber (400) is slidably mounted on the inner side of the mass measuring chamber (110), and a lifting pipe (111) is provided at the bottom end of the mass measuring chamber (110) for introducing ink from the bottom end of the ink cartridge. A sealing film (410) is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the piston chamber (400), and an ultrasonic detector (420) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the piston chamber (400).
2. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitive liquid level sensor detects the ink liquid level through capacitance changes and transmits the signal to the signal conditioning circuit for amplification and filtering. The density sensor in the detection sensor group (300) determines the stratification state of the ink through density detection and outputs a corresponding density signal.
3. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is installed outside each detection sensor group (300) and is used to detect the ink temperature and output a temperature signal to correct the density and liquid level detection results.
4. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output signal of the detection sensor group (300) is transmitted to a central processing unit (CPU) through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for data processing, and the changes in ink level, density and temperature are determined based on the detection results. The central processing unit (CPU) is connected to a display screen and an alarm module, and is used to display ink level, density and temperature data in real time, and to send out an alarm signal when the ink is insufficient or the detection is abnormal. The central processing unit is equipped with a wireless communication module, which is used to transmit the detection results to an external device for remote monitoring and data analysis.
5. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steering gear for driving the shaft withdrawal rod (200) to rotate is provided at the top end of the shaft withdrawal rod (200); the rotating guide vanes (210) and the sliding plug plate (220) on the surface of the shaft withdrawal rod (200) have the same specifications and shapes, and the outer periphery of the shaft withdrawal rod (200) is in sliding contact with the inner side of the measuring needle tube (100).
6. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing sleeve which is sleeved on the surface of the shaft withdrawal rod (200) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the measuring needle tube (100).
7. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the piston chamber (400) is provided with a piston ring that is slidably matched with the inner side of the mass measuring chamber (110); the sealing film (410) is an oscillating film structure, which is used to improve the vibration conduction effect between the ultrasonic detector (420) and the ink, thereby improving the detection accuracy.
8. The ink probe for a self-adhesive printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding plug plate (220) is made of a wear-resistant material with a low friction coefficient, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene or a similar material, and the rotary guide vane (210) is a spiral channel for guiding ink into different detection areas.