Highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission, in particular to an expressway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget, which comprises the following steps: dividing engineering projects by using a hierarchical structure from top to bottom according to an engineering budget file, including three levels of unit projects, branch projects and subitem projects; determining the types of carbon emission estimation projects in the sub-projects based on the project budget, wherein the carbon emission estimation projects comprise artificial carbon emission, material carbon emission, transport vehicle carbon emission and construction mechanical equipment carbon emission; calculating each carbon emission estimation project, and estimating the sub-project carbon emission according to each carbon emission estimation project; and summing from bottom to top, and calculating the carbon emission of the branch engineering, the carbon emission of the unit engineering and the total carbon emission of the engineering project. According to the method, hierarchical structure division is performed based on the project budget file, and the carbon emission distribution of the whole project is dynamically adjusted and optimized by calculating the estimated project carbon emission of each sub-project, so that the carbon emission is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission, and in particular to a method for estimating carbon emission of a highway based on an engineering budget. Background Art

[0002] Highway carbon emissions refer to the total amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide released directly or indirectly into the atmosphere by human activities such as energy consumption (such as construction machinery, vehicle fuel, power supply, etc.), material production and transportation, land occupation and change during the construction, operation and maintenance of highways. These emissions not only exacerbate the trend of global warming, but also have a profound impact on the ecological environment. The environmental costs of highway projects can be quantified through estimation, thereby promoting the adoption of more environmentally friendly design, construction and operation strategies and reducing the contribution of transportation infrastructure to climate change.

[0003] In the existing technology, there are many methods for calculating carbon emissions generated during highway construction, including on-site measurement method, model calculation method, etc. However, these estimation methods often rely on a large number of assumptions and simplifications, as well as emission factor data that may not be accurate or comprehensive enough. Calculating carbon emissions from energy consumption using the above data can only be used as a subsequent evaluation method, and cannot guide and optimize the construction plan at the construction drawing stage.

[0004] Therefore, in order to more effectively promote the low-carbon development of highway projects, it is necessary to develop more sophisticated, dynamic and practical estimation methods so that targeted adjustments and optimizations can be made during the project planning, design and construction stages to achieve a substantial reduction in carbon emissions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget, which improves production efficiency by automatically cutting head and tail waste.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for estimating carbon emissions of a highway based on an engineering budget, comprising the following steps:

[0007] According to the project budget documents, the project is divided into three levels: unit project, sub-project and sub-project using a top-down hierarchical structure;

[0008] Determine the types of carbon emission estimation items in the sub-projects based on the project budget, including: carbon emissions from labor, carbon emissions from materials, carbon emissions from transportation vehicles, and carbon emissions from construction machinery and equipment;

[0009] Calculate each of the carbon emission estimation items, and estimate the carbon emission of the sub-project according to each of the carbon emission estimation items;

[0010] The carbon emissions of the sub-project, the carbon emissions of the unit project and the total carbon emissions of the project are calculated by bottom-up summation.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the estimation formula of artificial carbon emissions is:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, E p is artificial carbon emissions, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; p,i EF is the labor quota consumption of the i-th project, with the unit of man-day / project quantity; p is the artificial carbon emission factor, the unit is kgCO2 / man-day; i is the type of project; p is the labor; n is the number of projects;

[0014] The artificial carbon emission factor EF p The formula is:

[0015]

[0016] Wherein, N is the number of construction workers from whom samples were collected, in units of persons; CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the gas exhaled by N when performing the same type of work, in units of kgCO2.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission of the material is estimated by:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, E m is the carbon emission of the material, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m,i,k The quota consumption of the kth material of the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Tabular units in engineering quantities; EF k is the carbon emission factor of the kth material, in kgCO2 / kg or kgCO2 / m 3 ; i is the type of project; k is the material type; n is the number of projects; m is the number of material types.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the estimation formula of the carbon emissions of the transport vehicle is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, Et is the carbon emission of transport vehicles, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m,i,k is the quota consumption of the k-th type of transport vehicle in the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Units listed in the engineering quantity table; L k is the transport distance of the k-th transport vehicle, in km; EF k is the carbon emission factor per unit turnover of the k-th type of transport vehicle, in kg / ((kg or m 3 )·km); i is the type of project; k is the type of transport vehicle; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of transport vehicles.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission factor EF per unit turnover of the transport vehicle is k The calculation formula is:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, E n is the energy consumption per unit turnover, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF r NCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment include carbon emissions of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment and carbon emissions of electric power construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment E q The calculation formula is:

[0027] E q =E e +E d

[0028] Among them, E q is the carbon emission of construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E e is the carbon emission of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E d Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission estimation formula of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e,i,j The quota unit-shift consumption of the jth fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units-shift / unit listed in the quota standard; EF j is the carbon emission factor of the j-th fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2 / shift; i is the type of project; j is the type of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission factor calculation formula of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, E l is the energy consumption per unit shift, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF r NCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission estimation formula of the electric power construction machinery and equipment is:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e,i,j The quota consumption of the jth type of electric construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units / project quantity table unit; B e,j EF is the power consumption per unit shift of the j-th type of electric construction machinery and equipment, in kWh / unit shift; d is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in kgCO2 / kWh; i is the type of project; j is the type of power construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of power construction machinery and equipment.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation formula of the average carbon emission factor of the power grid is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, FC m,r is the consumption of fossil fuel m for electricity generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r, in t or m 3 ; NCV m is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel m, in GJ / t or GJ / m 3 ; m is the type of fossil fuel consumed in power generation; CC m is the carbon content per unit calorific value of fossil fuel m, in tC / TJ; m is the carbon oxidation rate of fossil fuel m, in %; EF r,j is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of the grid j that net supplies electricity to the grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,j,r EF is the net amount of electricity sent from grid j to grid r, in MWh; k is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of electricity generation in country k that net exports electricity to grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,k,r is the net amount of electricity exported from country k to grid r, in MWh; E r is the total annual electricity generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r, in MWh; is the conversion factor between carbon dioxide and carbon; r is one of the regional power grids of Northeast, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, South China and Southwest China; j is other regional power grids that net export electricity to power grid r; k is other countries that net export electricity to power grid r.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: based on the hierarchical structure division of the engineering budget file, the engineering project is divided into three levels: unit engineering, sub-project, and sub-item engineering. Through the detailed division of the levels, the carbon emissions can be more carefully decomposed, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission estimation; then, by estimating the total carbon emissions of the project through the engineering category carbon emission estimation project in the sub-project, the carbon footprint in the highway construction process can be more comprehensively evaluated; the top-down project division and the bottom-up summation calculation method are adopted, which not only facilitates the carbon emission estimation of sub-items, sub-sections and overall projects, but also provides opportunities for dynamic adjustment and optimization for each stage of the project, and can optimize carbon emissions in the early stage of construction, and monitor carbon emissions during the construction process. The present invention improves the operability and practicality of the highway estimation process, especially the convenience in actual engineering applications, and can help the design and construction team make more environmentally friendly decisions in the early stages of project planning and implementation, thereby reducing carbon emissions, promoting the goals of green construction and sustainable development, and not only enhancing the accuracy and comprehensiveness of highway carbon emission estimation, but also improving the feasibility of environmental protection management and low-carbon development in the construction stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps of a highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A diagram for dividing engineering projects in a method for estimating carbon emissions of a highway based on engineering budget in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A diagram showing the types of carbon emission estimation items in a highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of carbon emission calculation in a highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0048] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 4 The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget shown in the figure includes the following steps:

[0051] According to the project budget documents, the project is divided into three levels: unit project, sub-project and sub-project using a top-down hierarchical structure;

[0052] Determine the types of carbon emission estimation items in the sub-projects based on the project budget, including: labor carbon emissions, material carbon emissions, transportation vehicle carbon emissions and construction machinery and equipment carbon emissions;

[0053] Calculate each carbon emission estimation item, and estimate the carbon emissions of each sub-project based on each carbon emission estimation item;

[0054] The carbon emissions of the sub-projects, the carbon emissions of the unit projects and the total carbon emissions of the engineering projects are calculated by bottom-up summation.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, before the implementation of the project, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown in the figure, in order to estimate the carbon emissions of the entire project and optimize and adjust the carbon emissions in the actual implementation process according to the estimated values, firstly, according to the project budget document, the overall project is divided into several unit projects, each unit project is divided into several sub-projects, and each sub-project is divided into several sub-projects; by estimating the types of projects that need to be estimated in each sub-project, including: artificial carbon emissions, material carbon emissions, transportation vehicle carbon emissions and construction machinery and equipment carbon emissions; Figure 4 As shown, the types of projects that need to be estimated are added together to obtain the carbon emissions of each sub-project that needs to be estimated, the estimated results of each sub-project are added together to obtain the carbon emissions of each sub-project, the results of each sub-project are added together to obtain each unit project, and then each unit project is added together to obtain the total carbon emissions of the overall project. The present invention makes up for the problem of large amount of data and difficulty in statistics during the construction of highways, optimizes and guides the design of highway construction drawings, and will help reduce carbon emissions during highway construction and promote the sustainable development of the transportation industry.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, the overall engineering project can be divided into sub-projects such as roadbed engineering, pavement engineering, bridge and culvert engineering, traffic engineering and facilities along the line, traffic engineering and facilities along the line, greening and environmental protection engineering; each unit project can be divided into several sub-projects; each sub-project can be divided into several sub-projects, and the specific division method is shown in the following table.

[0057] Table 1 Classification of highway projects

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] The present invention is based on the hierarchical structure division of the engineering budget file, and divides the engineering project into three levels: unit engineering, sub-project, and sub-item engineering. Through the detailed division of the levels, carbon emissions can be more carefully decomposed, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission estimation; then, by estimating the total carbon emissions of the project through the engineering category carbon emission estimation project in the sub-project, the carbon footprint in the highway construction process can be more comprehensively evaluated; the top-down project division and the bottom-up summation calculation method are adopted, which not only facilitates the carbon emission estimation of sub-items, sub-sections and overall projects, but also provides opportunities for dynamic adjustment and optimization for each stage of the project, and can optimize carbon emissions in the early stage of construction, and monitor carbon emissions during construction. The present invention improves the operability and practicality of the estimation process, especially the convenience in actual engineering applications, and can help the design and construction team make more environmentally friendly decisions in the early stages of project planning and implementation, thereby reducing carbon emissions, promoting the goals of green construction and sustainable development, and not only enhancing the accuracy and comprehensiveness of highway carbon emission estimation, but also improving the feasibility of environmental management and low-carbon development in the construction stage.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, the estimation formula of artificial carbon emissions is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, E p is artificial carbon emissions, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; p,i EF is the labor quota consumption of the i-th project, with the unit of man-day / project quantity; p is the artificial carbon emission factor, the unit is kgCO2 / man-day; i is the type of project; p is the labor; n is the number of projects;

[0064] Artificial carbon emission factor EF p The formula is:

[0065]

[0066] Where N is the number of construction workers from whom samples were collected, in units of persons; CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the gas exhaled by N when performing the same type of work, in units of kgCO2.

[0067] The estimation formula for artificial carbon emissions can estimate artificial carbon emissions more accurately based on the number of projects, labor quota consumption and artificial carbon emission factors, which helps to quantify the carbon emissions generated by labor in different engineering projects and facilitate management and control. At the same time, by measuring the carbon dioxide emissions of construction workers in a specific working environment, the artificial carbon emission factor is calculated, which increases the reality and scientificity of carbon emission estimates, reduces errors caused by assumed data, and helps to optimize and adjust at different construction stages, thereby reducing carbon emissions in the actual construction process.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, the formula for estimating the carbon emissions of materials is:

[0069]

[0070] Among them, E m is the carbon emission of the material, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m,i,k The quota consumption of the kth material of the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Tabular units in engineering quantities; EF k is the carbon emission factor of the kth material, in kgCO2 / kg or kgCO2 / m 3 ; i is the type of project; k is the material type; n is the number of projects; m is the number of material types.

[0071] The formula for material carbon emissions calculates the material carbon emissions item by item based on the project quantity, the material quota consumption and the material carbon emission factor. Through the double summation structure in the formula, multiple engineering projects and material categories can be processed at the same time. It has strong adaptability and is suitable for the material carbon emission assessment needs of different projects. The material carbon emissions in the present invention use the material consumption data in the quota standard combined with the material carbon emission factor to calculate the carbon emissions, which not only increases the flexibility of the formula, but also facilitates dynamic adjustment according to the carbon emission characteristics of different materials. It should be pointed out here that the value of the material carbon emission factor can be calibrated and adjusted according to relevant standards and actual conditions.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present invention, the estimation formula for the carbon emissions of transport vehicles is:

[0073]

[0074] Among them, E t is the carbon emission of transport vehicles, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m,i,kis the quota consumption of the k-th type of transport vehicle in the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Units listed in the engineering quantity table; L k is the transport distance of the k-th transport vehicle, in km; EF k is the carbon emission factor per unit turnover of the k-th type of transport vehicle, in kg / ((kg or m 3 )·km); i is the type of project; k is the type of transport vehicle; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of transport vehicles.

[0075] The formula for carbon emissions of transport vehicles estimates the carbon emissions of each vehicle through the number of projects, the quota consumption of transport vehicles, the transport distance and the carbon emission factor of the unit turnover of transport vehicles. Through the double summation structure, it can be classified and calculated for different types of transport vehicles and engineering projects. It is suitable for the transportation carbon emission assessment needs in various engineering scenarios, and reasonable planning can be carried out before the implementation of the project. Adjustment and optimization can be carried out at any time during the implementation of the project. According to the carbon emissions of different modes of transportation, low-carbon emission transportation solutions can be selected to reduce the total carbon emissions of the project.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission factor EF per unit turnover of transport vehicles is k The calculation formula is:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, E n is the energy consumption per unit turnover, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF r NCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0079] The formula for the carbon emission factor per unit turnover of transport vehicles is calculated through the unit turnover energy consumption, the calorific value content of fossil fuels, the carbon oxidation rate of the fossil fuel combustion process, the average lower calorific value of fossil fuels, and the conversion factor between carbon dioxide and carbon. It can be calculated more accurately to calculate the carbon emission factors of different transport vehicles.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment include carbon emissions of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment and carbon emissions of electric power construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment E q The calculation formula is:

[0081] E q =E e +E d

[0082] Among them, E q is the carbon emission of construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E e is the carbon emission of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E d Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emissions of fuel and electricity are taken into account at the same time, which can more comprehensively and accurately estimate the overall carbon emissions of construction machinery, reduce estimation errors, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the estimation.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission estimation formula of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e,i,j The quota unit-shift consumption of the jth fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units-shift / unit listed in the quota standard; EF j is the carbon emission factor of the j-th fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2 / shift; i is the type of project; j is the type of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment.

[0087] The estimation formula for carbon emissions of chemical fuel construction machinery and equipment uses a double summation structure, based on the number of projects, the standard unit-shift consumption of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, and the unit-shift carbon emission factor of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment. This allows carbon emissions estimation to be based on actual workload and consumption, reducing estimation errors and improving the accuracy of carbon emissions calculations.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission factor calculation formula of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is:

[0089]

[0090] Among them, E l is the energy consumption per unit shift, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF rNCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0091] The carbon emission factors of chemical fuel construction machinery and equipment are adjusted according to different fuel types to ensure the scientificity and reliability of the data, so that the calculation results have a high degree of credibility. By quantifying the carbon emission factors of different fuels, it is possible to identify and optimize energy use strategies, thereby minimizing carbon emissions while ensuring construction progress and quality, and facilitating the combination with other energy management measures to achieve more comprehensive carbon emission management during the construction phase.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon emission estimation formula of electric construction machinery and equipment is:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e,i,j The quota consumption of the jth type of electric construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units / project quantity table unit; B e,j EF is the power consumption per unit shift of the j-th type of electric construction machinery and equipment, in kWh / unit shift; d is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in kgCO2 / kWh; i is the type of project; j is the type of power construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of power construction machinery and equipment.

[0095] The carbon emissions of electric construction machinery and equipment are estimated based on the number of projects, the standard unit-shift consumption of electric construction machinery and equipment, the unit-shift electricity consumption of electric construction machinery and equipment, and the average carbon emission factor of the power grid. The carbon emission intensity of power supply in different regions is different. By using the carbon emission factor of the local power grid, more actual carbon emission data can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of the data. No matter how many types of electric construction equipment are used in the project, this formula can be used to calculate them item by item, which is suitable for large-scale engineering projects with a diversified combination of construction equipment.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present invention, the average carbon emission factor of the power grid is calculated as follows:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, FC m,rNCV is the consumption of fossil fuel m for power generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r, in tons or m3; m is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel m, in GJ / t or GJ / m3; m is the type of fossil fuel consumed for power generation; CC m is the carbon content per unit calorific value of fossil fuel m, in tC / TJ; m is the carbon oxidation rate of fossil fuel m, in %; EF r,j is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of the grid j that net supplies electricity to the grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,j,r EF is the net amount of electricity sent from grid j to grid r, in MWh; k is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of electricity generation in country k that net exports electricity to grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,k,r is the net amount of electricity exported from country k to grid r, in MWh; E r is the total annual power generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r,

[0099] The unit is MWh; is the conversion factor between carbon dioxide and carbon; r is one of the regional power grids of Northeast, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, South China and Southwest China; j is other regional power grids that net export electricity to power grid r; k is other countries that net export electricity to power grid r.

[0100] The formula for the average carbon emission factor of the power grid subdivides the carbon emission factors of different regions (such as East, North China, East China, etc.) and imported electricity, which can reflect the differences in power supply structures between regions. It is suitable for projects involving cross-regional power transmission, and can be adjusted according to local conditions to reflect the carbon emission characteristics of power grids in different regions. By combining the characteristics of fossil fuels (such as carbon content, oxidation rate, low calorific value, etc.), a scientific and detailed calculation method is provided. The calculation method based on specific data reduces the reliance on assumptions and simplifications, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the carbon emission factor. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the invention claimed for protection. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the project budget documents, the project is divided into three levels: unit project, sub-project and sub-project using a top-down hierarchical structure; Determine the types of carbon emission estimation items in the sub-projects based on the project budget, including: carbon emissions from labor, carbon emissions from materials, carbon emissions from transportation vehicles, and carbon emissions from construction machinery and equipment; Calculate each of the carbon emission estimation items, and estimate the carbon emission of the sub-project according to each of the carbon emission estimation items; The carbon emissions of the sub-project, the carbon emissions of the unit project and the total carbon emissions of the project are calculated by bottom-up summation.

2. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The estimation formula for artificial carbon emissions is: Among them, E p is artificial carbon emissions, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; p，i EF is the labor quota consumption of the i-th project, with the unit of man-day / project quantity; p is the artificial carbon emission factor, the unit is kgCO2 / man-day; i is the type of project; p is the labor; n is the number of projects; The artificial carbon emission factor EF p The formula is: Wherein, N is the number of construction workers from whom samples were collected, in units of persons; CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the gas exhaled by N when performing the same type of work, in units of kgCO2.

3. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The formula for estimating the carbon emissions of the materials is: Among them, E m is the carbon emission of the material, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m，i，k The quota consumption of the kth material of the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Tabular units in engineering quantities; EF k is the carbon emission factor of the kth material, in kgCO2 / kg or kgCO2 / m 3 ; i is the type of project; k is the material type; n is the number of projects; m is the number of material types.

4. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The estimation formula for the carbon emissions of transport vehicles is: Among them, E t is the carbon emission of transport vehicles, in kgCO2; A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; m，i，k is the quota consumption of the k-th type of transport vehicle in the i-th project, in kg or m 3 / Units listed in the engineering quantity table; L k is the transport distance of the kth transport vehicle, in km; EF k is the carbon emission factor per unit turnover of the k-th type of transport vehicle, in kg / ((kg or m 3 )·km); i is the type of project; k is the type of transport vehicle; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of transport vehicles.

5. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The carbon emission factor EF per unit turnover of transport vehicles k The calculation formula is: In the formula, E n is the energy consumption per unit turnover, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF r NCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

6. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment include carbon emissions of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment and carbon emissions of electric power construction machinery and equipment. The carbon emissions of construction machinery and equipment E q The calculation formula is: AND q =And e +E d Among them, E q is the carbon emission of construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E e is the carbon emission of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2; E d Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2.

7. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The carbon emission estimation formula of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is: Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e，i，i The quota unit-shift consumption of the jth fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units-shift / unit listed in the quota standard; EF j is the carbon emission factor of the j-th fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment, in kgCO2 / shift; i is the type of project; j is the type of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment.

8. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for the carbon emission factor of fossil fuel construction machinery and equipment is: Among them, E l is the energy consumption per unit shift, in kg / shift; r is the type of fossil fuel; CC r is the unit calorific value content of fossil fuel r, in C / TJ; OF r NCV is the carbon oxidation rate during the combustion of fossil fuels, in %. r is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel r, in KJ / kg or KJ / m 3 ; is the conversion factor of carbon dioxide to carbon.

9. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The carbon emission estimation formula of electric construction machinery and equipment is as follows: Among them, A i N is the quantity of the i-th project, in the units listed in the quota standard; e，i，j The quota consumption of the jth type of electric construction machinery and equipment in the i-th project, in units of units / project quantity table unit; B e，j EF is the power consumption per unit shift of the j-th type of electric construction machinery and equipment, in kWh / unit shift; d is the average carbon emission factor of the power grid, in kgCO2 / kWh; i is the type of project; j is the type of power construction machinery and equipment; n is the number of projects; and m is the number of power construction machinery and equipment.

10. The highway carbon emission estimation method based on engineering budget according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the average carbon emission factor of the power grid is as follows: Among them, FC m，r is the consumption of fossil fuel m for electricity generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r, in t or m 3 ; NCV m is the average lower calorific value of fossil fuel m, in GJ / t or GJ / m 3 ; m is the type of fossil fuel consumed in power generation; CC m is the carbon content per unit calorific value of fossil fuel m, in tC / TJ; m is the carbon oxidation rate of fossil fuel m, in %; EF r,j is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of the grid j that net supplies electricity to the grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,j,r EF is the net amount of electricity sent from grid j to grid r, in MWh; k is the average carbon dioxide emission factor of electricity generation in country k that net exports electricity to grid r, in kgCO2 / kWh; E imp,k,r is the net amount of electricity exported from country k to grid r, in MWh; E r is the total annual electricity generation within the geographical area covered by the grid r, in MWh; is the conversion factor between carbon dioxide and carbon; r is one of the regional power grids of Northeast, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China, South China and Southwest China; j is other regional power grids that net export electricity to power grid r; k is other countries that net export electricity to power grid r.

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