Novel liquid metal and water interaction experiment device

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel liquid metal and water interaction experiment device in the field of neutron value-added reactors, and the device comprises a reaction assembly which provides an experiment environment for the interaction of liquid metal and water; the water passing assembly is positioned above the reaction assembly; the liquid metal assembly is connected with the reaction assembly; the recovery assembly is connected with the bottom of the reaction assembly; the pressurizing assembly is arranged on the reaction assembly, the water passing assembly, the liquid metal assembly and the recovery assembly; the device has the beneficial effects that reacted liquid metal can be recycled by arranging the recycling assembly, the situation that unreacted liquid metal is polluted due to the fact that the liquid metal after an experiment flows back into the liquid metal assembly is avoided, and the device is safer to use due to the arrangement of the discharging assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of neutron breeder reactors, and in particular to a novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device. Background Art

[0002] According to the World Energy Statistical Yearbook 2023, total primary energy consumption increased by 1.1% in 2022, while global electricity generation increased by 2.3% in 2022. This shows that with the increase in global energy consumption and the increasing demand for power generation, the low-carbon transformation of energy and the development of non-fossil energy utilization technologies are essential to ensure the safe and stable supply of energy in the future. Nuclear energy has the characteristics of cleanliness, high efficiency and good economy, and nuclear power should be actively, safely and orderly developed.

[0003] The lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor (BBR) is a fast breeder reactor that uses liquid lead-bismuth metal as the main coolant and is considered to be one of the preferred reactor types in the fourth generation of reactors. However, since the primary circuit of liquid metal reactors such as the lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor adopts a pool-type atmospheric pressure structure, there will be a large temperature and pressure difference on both sides of the heat transfer tube during the heat exchange between the high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth on the primary side of the steam generator and the pressurized water on the secondary side, which is easy to produce mechanical stress and thermal stress. Combined with the corrosion effect of the fluid and the flow-induced vibration effect, it may cause a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident. In the early stage of the SGTR accident, the high-pressure supercooled water in the secondary circuit will be sprayed into the high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth in the primary circuit in the form of a jet, and the direct contact between water and liquid lead-bismuth alloy will bring about an instantaneous release of energy, resulting in a strong coolant-coolant interaction (CCI). Steam explosion may occur during the process, which will threaten the integrity of the reactor vessel. Therefore, it is of great value and significance to study the energy conversion and interaction between liquid lead-bismuth alloy and water.

[0004] In order to study the CCI phenomenon under SGTR accidents, some experimental systems have been designed. In some existing experimental systems, lead and bismuth are injected into the reaction vessel directly from the bottom of the reaction vessel, and after the experiment is completed, the liquid lead and bismuth in the reaction vessel are directly returned to the lead-bismuth storage tank; the problem with this is that the return of the liquid lead and bismuth after the experiment to the lead-bismuth storage tank may contaminate the liquid lead and bismuth in the lead-bismuth storage tank that has not been subjected to the experiment, affecting the accuracy of the experiment.

[0005] To this end, we propose a new experimental device for the interaction between liquid metal and water. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A novel liquid metal-water interaction experimental device comprises: a reaction component, which provides an experimental environment for the liquid metal-water interaction;

[0009] A water supply assembly is located above the reaction assembly and provides constant temperature water to the reaction assembly;

[0010] A liquid metal component is connected to the reaction component and provides liquid metal to the reaction component;

[0011] A recovery component connected to the bottom of the reaction component and used to recover the liquid metal after the reaction;

[0012] The pressurizing component is arranged on the reaction component, the water flow component, the liquid metal component and the recovery component. The pressurizing component is used to pressurize the container of the component to discharge the fluid in the container and prevent the liquid metal in the device from oxidizing.

[0013] By setting up a recovery component to recover the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction in the reaction component, it is possible to avoid the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction from flowing back into the liquid lead bismuth component, and effectively prevent the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction from contaminating the unreacted liquid lead bismuth in the liquid lead bismuth component. By setting up a pressurizing component, the device can not only send the reacted liquid lead bismuth in the recovery component back to the reaction component for further reaction through the pressurizing component, but also send the unreacted liquid lead bismuth in the liquid lead bismuth component into the reaction component for reaction, which not only ensures the experimental effect but also ensures the reuse of materials.

[0014] It is further defined that the reaction assembly includes a reaction tank, a safety valve is provided on the top of the reaction tank, and a constant temperature structure is provided outside the tank body of the reaction tank; providing the constant temperature structure outside the reaction tank can enable the reaction tank to always maintain the working condition during the reaction process, thereby improving the experimental effect.

[0015] It is further defined that the water flow component includes a water storage tank, a constant temperature water tank and a first heating rod; the bottom of the water storage tank and the top of the constant temperature water tank are connected by a pipe, the bottom of the constant temperature water tank and the top of the reaction tank are connected by a first pipeline, the first heating rod is arranged in the constant temperature water tank, and a safety valve is also arranged on the top of the constant temperature water tank; deionized water is stored in the water storage tank, and the deionized water is sent into the constant temperature water tank through a pipe, and the constant temperature water tank heats the deionized water inside through the first heating rod to reach the required temperature for the experiment, with a simple structure and convenient operation.

[0016] It is further defined that the liquid metal component includes a molten metal tank and a second heating rod; the bottom of the molten metal tank is connected to the top of the reaction tank through a second pipeline, the end of the second pipeline extends into the reaction tank and is located at the lower part of the reaction tank, and the second heating rod is arranged in the molten metal tank.

[0017] It is further defined that the recovery component includes a recovery liquid tank, and the recovery liquid tank is connected to the bottom of the reaction tank through a third pipeline.

[0018] It is further defined that the pressurizing component includes an argon tank and a pressure reducing valve. There are multiple argon tanks, which are connected to the reaction tank, the constant temperature water tank, the metal liquid tank, and the recovery liquid tank through pressurizing pipelines respectively, and the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the pressurizing pipeline. By setting the pressure reducing valve to control the pressure of the argon tank entering each container, the pressure in each container can meet the requirements of the experiment, and the pressure in each container can be regulated separately, which is more accurate.

[0019] It is further defined that it also includes a discharge component, which includes a discharge pipeline, an activated carbon tank and an acetic acid tank; the discharge pipeline is connected from the top of the reaction tank, and the activated carbon tank and the acetic acid tank are arranged on the discharge pipeline in sequence along the discharge direction; by setting the activated carbon tank and the acetic acid tank, not only the internal moisture can be removed, but also the liquid lead and bismuth vapor that endangers human safety can be effectively removed, thereby improving the safety of the use of the device.

[0020] It is further limited to include a sensing component, which includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a liquid level gauge; the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are both arranged on the metal liquid tank, the constant temperature water tank, the reaction tank and the recovery liquid tank, and the liquid level sensor is arranged on the reaction tank and the constant temperature water tank; by setting the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, the pressure and temperature in the metal liquid tank and the constant temperature water tank can be well monitored, and by setting the liquid level gauge, the liquid level in the reaction tank and the constant temperature water tank can be well monitored, so as to facilitate the recording of liquid level changes.

[0021] It is further defined that it also includes a vacuum pump, which is connected to the first pipeline through a branch pipe; by setting up a vacuum pump, the inside of the first pipeline can be evacuated before the experiment to prevent air from being sprayed into the reaction tank when water is sprayed into the reaction tank, causing oxidation of lead and bismuth, and affecting the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0022] It is further defined that a solenoid valve, a check valve and a nozzle are sequentially arranged on the first pipeline between the branch pipe and the reaction tank, the check valve is arranged outside the reaction tank, and the nozzle is arranged on the end of the first pipeline inside the reaction tank.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting up a recovery component, the liquid metal after the reaction can be recovered, so that the liquid metal after the experiment is prevented from flowing back into the liquid metal component and causing pollution to the unreacted liquid metal, and a discharge component is provided, making the device safer to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a system schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0025] The symbols of the components are as follows:

[0026] Reaction component 1, water flow component 2, water storage tank 21, constant temperature water tank 22, first heating rod 23, liquid metal component 3, metal liquid tank 31, second heating rod 32, recovery component 4, pressurizing component 5, argon tank 51, pressure reducing valve 52, pressurizing pipeline 53, discharge component 6, discharge pipeline 61, activated carbon tank 62, acetic acid tank 63, pressure relief valve 64, sensor component 7, pressure sensor 71, temperature sensor 72, liquid level gauge 73, vacuum pump 8, safety valve 9, first pipeline 10, solenoid valve 101, check valve 102, nozzle 103, second pipeline 11, third pipeline 12, on-off valve 13. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Example:

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, a novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device comprises a reaction component 1, a water-passing component 2, a liquid metal component 3, a recovery component 4, a pressurizing component 5, a discharge component 6, a sensor component 7 and a vacuum pump 8; the reaction component 1 provides an experimental environment for the interaction between liquid metal and water; the reaction component 1 comprises a reaction tank, a safety valve 9 is arranged on the top of the reaction tank, and a constant temperature structure is arranged outside the tank body of the reaction tank; the water-passing component 2 is located above the reaction component 1 and provides constant temperature water for the reaction component 1; the water-passing component 2 comprises a water storage tank 21, a constant temperature water tank 22 and a first heating rod 23; the bottom of the water storage tank 21 and the top of the constant temperature water tank 22 are connected by a pipeline, and the bottom of the constant temperature water tank 22 and the reaction tank are connected by a pipeline. The top of the reaction tank is connected through the first pipeline 10, the first heating rod 23 is arranged in the constant temperature water tank 22, and the top of the constant temperature water tank 22 is also provided with a safety valve 9; the liquid metal component 3 provides liquid metal for the reaction component 1; the liquid metal component 3 includes a metal liquid tank 31 and a second heating rod 32; the bottom of the metal liquid tank 31 is connected to the top of the reaction tank through the second pipeline 11, the end of the second pipeline 11 extends into the reaction tank and is located at the lower part of the reaction tank, and the second heating rod 32 is arranged in the metal liquid tank 31; the recovery component 4 is used to recover the liquid metal after the reaction; the recovery component 4 includes a recovery liquid tank, which is connected to the bottom of the reaction tank through the third pipeline 12, and the second pipeline 11 and the third pipeline 1 2 are provided with an on-off valve 13 for controlling the on-off; the pressurizing component 5 is used to pressurize the container of the component to discharge the fluid in the container and prevent the liquid lead and bismuth in the device from oxidizing; the pressurizing component 5 includes an argon tank 51 and a pressure reducing valve 52, and the argon tank 51 is provided with multiple ones, which are connected with the reaction tank, the constant temperature water tank 22, the metal liquid tank 31, and the recovery liquid tank through the pressurizing pipeline 53, and the pressure reducing valve 52 is arranged on the pressurizing pipeline 53; the discharge component 6 includes a discharge pipeline 61, an activated carbon tank 62 and an acetic acid tank 63; the discharge pipeline 61 is connected from the top of the reaction tank, the activated carbon tank 62 and the acetic acid tank 63 are arranged on the discharge pipeline 61 in sequence along the discharge direction, and the discharge between the activated carbon tank 62 and the reaction tank A pressure relief valve 64 is provided on the pipeline 61; the sensing assembly 7 includes a pressure sensor 71, a temperature sensor 72 and a liquid level gauge 73; the pressure sensor 71 and the temperature sensor 72 are both provided on the metal liquid tank 31, the constant temperature water tank 22, the reaction tank and the recovery liquid tank, and the liquid level sensor is provided on the reaction tank and the constant temperature water tank 22; the vacuum pump 8 is connected to the first pipeline 10 through a branch pipe; the first pipeline 10 between the branch pipe and the reaction tank is provided with a solenoid valve 101, a check valve 102 and a nozzle 103 in sequence, the check valve 102 is provided outside the reaction tank, and the nozzle 103 is provided on the end of the first pipeline 10 in the reaction tank; each tank body, pipeline and valve in the experimental device are covered with a thermal insulation structure.

[0030] By setting up a recovery component 4 to recover the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction in the reaction component 1, it is possible to avoid the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction from flowing back into the liquid lead bismuth component, and effectively prevent the liquid lead bismuth after the reaction from contaminating the unreacted liquid lead bismuth in the liquid lead bismuth component. By setting up a pressurizing component 5, the device can not only send the reacted liquid lead bismuth in the recovery component 4 back to the reaction component 1 for re-reaction through the pressurizing component 5, but also send the unreacted liquid lead bismuth in the liquid lead bismuth component into the reaction component 1 for reaction, which not only ensures the experimental effect but also ensures the reuse of materials; a constant temperature structure is set outside the reaction tank so that the reaction tank can always maintain the working condition during the reaction process, thereby improving the experimental effect; deionized water is stored in the water storage tank 21, and the deionized water is sent into the constant temperature water tank 22 through a pipeline. The constant temperature water tank 22 heats the deionized water inside through the first heating rod 23 to reach the required temperature for the experiment, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate; the bottom of the metal liquid tank 31 is connected to the second pipeline 11 is connected to the top of the reaction tank, and the second heating rod 32 is arranged in the metal liquid tank 31; by setting a pressure reducing valve 52 to control the pressure of the argon tank 51 entering each container, the pressure in each container can reach the experimental requirements, and the pressure in each container can be regulated respectively, which is more accurate; by setting an activated carbon tank 62 and an acetic acid tank 63, not only the internal moisture can be removed, but also the liquid lead bismuth vapor that endangers human safety can be effectively removed, thereby improving the safety of the device; by setting a pressure sensor 71 and a temperature sensor 72, the pressure and temperature in the metal liquid tank 31 and the constant temperature water tank 22 can be well monitored, and the liquid level gauge 73 can be well monitored for the liquid level in the reaction tank and the constant temperature water tank 22, so as to facilitate the recording of the liquid level change; by setting a vacuum pump 8, the inside of the first pipeline 10 can be evacuated before the experiment to prevent air from being sprayed into the reaction tank when water is sprayed into the reaction tank, thereby causing oxidation of lead bismuth and affecting the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0031] When conducting the experiment, the following steps are included:

[0032] S1: Before the experiment starts, the deionized water from which the non-condensable gas is removed after multiple distillations is transported from the water storage tank 21 to the constant temperature water tank 22, and the release and discharge of argon is controlled by the pressure reducing valve 52 to control the pressure of the deionized water so that it reaches the pressure working condition that meets the experimental requirements. At the same time, the water is heated by the first heating rod 23 to control the water temperature in the constant temperature water tank 22 at the required level; at the same time, before the experiment starts, the lead-bismuth alloy required for multiple times is loaded into the liquid metal tank 31 and heated and melted by the second heating rod 32; in addition, the pressure reducing valve 52 of the reaction tank is opened before the experiment starts, and argon is first introduced into the reaction tank for a certain period of time;

[0033] S2: When the liquid lead-bismuth reaches the temperature required for the experiment through the temperature sensor 72, the on-off valve 13 on the second pipeline 11 is opened, and the metal liquid tank 31 is pressurized using an argon gas bottle to press the liquid lead-bismuth into the reaction tank, and the amount of lead-bismuth transported is monitored by the liquid level meter 73 until the amount required for the experiment is reached, and then the on-off valve 13 on the second pipeline 11 is closed, and argon gas is always introduced during the lead-bismuth transport process;

[0034] S3: Turn on the vacuum pump 8 to extract the air between the valve at the outlet of the constant temperature water tank 22 and the solenoid valve 101 and the water remaining in the pipeline in the last experiment, and at the same time close the pressure reducing valve 52 opened in step S1, and close the argon gas bottle connected to the reaction tank;

[0035] S4: First, open the valve under the thermostatic water tank 22. Through the monitoring of the temperature sensor 72 and the pressure sensor 71, it can be known that the high-pressure supercooled water required for the experiment is first passed to the solenoid valve 101 through the first pipeline 10. Then, the solenoid valve 101 is controlled by the delay relay to open and close the solenoid valve 101 quickly, so that the deionized water is sprayed into the reaction container through the first pipeline 10.

[0036] S5: When the experiment is finished, the pressure relief valve 64 on the discharge pipeline 61 is opened first, and the high-pressure and high-temperature gas in the reaction tank that may carry lead and bismuth vapor is discharged into the activated carbon tank 62 and the acetic acid tank 63 through the pressure relief valve 64 to eliminate the lead and bismuth in the gas, and finally discharged into the upper atmosphere;

[0037] S6: When the pressure in the reaction vessel reaches normal pressure, the pressure relief valve 64 on the discharge pipeline 61 is closed, and at the same time, the argon gas bottle at the recovery tank is opened to pass argon gas to discharge the air in the recovery tank, and then the on-off valve 13 on the third pipeline 12 is opened to discharge the lead-bismuth alloy after the experiment in the reaction tank into the recovery tank by gravity, and the argon gas bottle is opened appropriately to pass argon gas to ensure that the lead-bismuth alloy after the experiment in the reaction vessel is completely discharged, and finally the on-off valve 13 on the third pipeline 12 is closed;

[0038] S7: Argon gas is continuously injected into the reaction tank so that the small droplets remaining in the reaction tank after the experiment can be discharged with the argon gas as much as possible. When the liquid lead and bismuth in the recovery liquid tank needs to be sent to the reaction tank for another experiment, the recovery liquid tank needs to be insulated and heated.

Claims

1. A new type of liquid metal and water interaction experimental device, characterized in that: include: A reaction component (1) provides an experimental environment for the interaction between liquid metal and water; A water supply component (2), located above the reaction component (1) and providing constant temperature water to the reaction component (1); A liquid metal component (3) connected to the reaction component (1) and providing liquid metal to the reaction component (1); A recovery component (4), connected to the bottom of the reaction component (1) and used for recovering the liquid metal after the reaction; A pressurizing component (5) is arranged on the reaction component (1), the water flow component (2), the liquid metal component (3) and the recovery component (4), and the pressurizing component (5) is used to pressurize the container of the component to discharge the fluid in the container and prevent the liquid metal in the device from oxidizing.

2. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reaction assembly (1) comprises a reaction tank, a safety valve (9) is provided on the top of the reaction tank, and a constant temperature structure is provided outside the tank body of the reaction tank.

3. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water-passing assembly (2) comprises a water storage tank (21), a constant temperature water tank (22) and a first heating rod (23); the bottom of the water storage tank (21) and the top of the constant temperature water tank (22) are connected via a pipeline, the bottom of the constant temperature water tank (22) and the top of the reaction tank are connected via a first pipeline (10), the first heating rod (23) is arranged in the constant temperature water tank (22), and a safety valve (9) is also arranged on the top of the constant temperature water tank (22).

4. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The liquid metal component (3) comprises a molten metal tank (31) and a second heating rod (32); the bottom of the molten metal tank (31) is connected to the top of the reaction tank via a second pipeline (11), the end of the second pipeline (11) extends into the reaction tank and is located at the bottom of the reaction tank, and the second heating rod (32) is arranged in the molten metal tank (31).

5. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The recovery component (4) comprises a recovery liquid tank, and the recovery liquid tank is connected to the bottom of the reaction tank through a third pipeline (12).

6. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The pressurizing component (5) comprises an argon tank (51) and a pressure reducing valve (52). The argon tank (51) is provided with a plurality of argon tanks (51), which are respectively connected to the reaction tank, the constant temperature water tank (22), the metal liquid tank (31), and the recovery liquid tank through pressurizing pipelines (53). The pressure reducing valve (52) is provided on the pressurizing pipeline (53).

7. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises a discharge assembly (6), wherein the discharge assembly (6) comprises a discharge pipeline (61), an activated carbon tank (62) and an acetic acid tank (63); the discharge pipeline (61) is connected from the top of the reaction tank, and the activated carbon tank (62) and the acetic acid tank (63) are arranged on the discharge pipeline (61) in sequence along the discharge direction.

8. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The invention also comprises a sensing component (7), wherein the sensing component (7) comprises a pressure sensor (71), a temperature sensor (72) and a liquid level meter (73); the pressure sensor (71) and the temperature sensor (72) are both arranged on the metal liquid tank (31), the constant temperature water tank (22), the reaction tank and the recovery liquid tank, and the liquid level sensor is arranged on the reaction tank and the constant temperature water tank (22).

9. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: It also includes a vacuum pump (8), which is connected to the first pipeline (10) via a branch pipe.

10. The novel liquid metal and water interaction experimental device according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The first pipeline (10) between the branch pipe and the reaction tank is provided with a solenoid valve (101), a check valve (102) and a nozzle (103) in sequence, the check valve (102) is arranged outside the reaction tank, and the nozzle (103) is arranged on the end of the first pipeline (10) inside the reaction tank.

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