Dosing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a metering device (9) for applying a cooling medium (6) to a cooler (7), comprising at least one supply line (11) for conveying the cooling medium (6), which supply line has at least one orifice nozzle (12) for applying the cooling medium (6) to the cooler (7). It is essential for the invention that the nozzle (12) is designed such that a laminar cooling medium jet can be output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a metering device according to the preamble of claim 1 for applying a cooling medium to a cooler and having at least one supply line for conveying the cooling medium. The invention also relates to a cooling device for a fuel cell system, having a cooler through which air can flow and such a metering device arranged upstream thereof. The invention also relates to a fuel cell system having a fuel cell and such a cooling device. Technical Background

[0002] A similar metering device is known from DE 10 2017 209 735 A1, which is used to apply a cooling medium to a cooler and has at least one supply line for conveying the cooling medium, wherein the supply line has at least one orifice nozzle for distributing the cooling medium to the cooler. The metering device also has a grid structure surrounding the cooler, in which at least one supply line is integrated. In the grid structure, at least one metering area is also provided, which is used to distribute the cooling medium to the cooler. This should provide a robust and reliable possibility for applying the cooling medium to the cooling network.

[0003] DE 10 2017 002 741 A1 discloses a fuel cell vehicle having a cooling system for at least one fuel cell, which comprises a heat exchanger and a device for supplying water into the region of the heat exchanger. A condenser for supplying water is also provided in the exhaust air and / or exhaust gas of the fuel cell. The condenser has a housing, which has a grid or a mesh through which moist exhaust gas and / or moist exhaust gas flows, wherein, when used as intended, a collection area for condensed water is arranged below the grid or the mesh in the direction of gravity, which is connected to a storage container via at least one condensation line for supplying water into the region of the heat exchanger.

[0004] DE 10 2016 106 919 A1 discloses a method for injecting a fluid onto a charge air cooler of a motor vehicle.

[0005] DE 10 2010 036 502 A1 discloses a cooling device for increasing the cooling effect of a radiator of a motor vehicle, which has a nozzle and is arranged upstream of the radiator in the air passage, so that the spray water flowing out of the nozzle can mix with the air flow before reaching the radiator. This should make it possible to easily provide a higher cooling capacity in a short time.

[0006] DE 10 2008 051 368 A1 discloses a cooling system for transferring a heat flow from a heat source to a heat sink formed by an air flow, which system has a closed coolant circuit and an evaporation stage.

[0007] Other cooling devices with an injection function to increase the cooling capacity of the cooler are known, for example, from US 5 101 775 A, US 6 298 809 B1, DE 23 58 631 A1, US 4 771 822 A, US 4 215 753 A and DE 196 37926 A1, KR 100634870 B1 and FR 2 833 803 A1.

[0008] Compared to conventional engine cooling of reciprocating piston engines, the cooling of fuel cells places significantly higher demands, since even at lower process temperatures, significantly more energy must be dissipated via the cooling medium. Even a slight excess of the maximum temperature can cause serious damage. With the same driving performance, up to twice the amount of energy must be dissipated as waste heat via the cooling medium cooler in a vehicle powered by a fuel cell. Add to that the fact that the required cooling medium temperature in a fuel cell system is about 10K to 15K lower, and it is difficult to imagine increasing the corresponding performance simply by enlarging the cooling medium cooler.

[0009] Increasing the cooling capacity by means of a higher cooling air flow rate in turn requires a disproportionately higher drive power for the radiator fan. In fuel cell vehicles, it is not possible to drive a mechanical fan drive via the crankshaft, so in this case an electric motor is used, the energy consumption of which is however closely linked to the available battery charge or the vehicle range.

[0010] Furthermore, in both cases, the possible solutions to the problem are greatly restricted by installation space, accident protection, weight, design and cost constraints in motor vehicles and trucks.

[0011] From the above-mentioned prior art, it has long been known that charging a cooling medium cooler with water can increase the cooling capacity by direct cooling (spraying) of the applied water or by evaporative cooling or by both effects.

[0012] In this case, the water is usually distributed onto the surface of the cooler by means of a spray grid, the water application being carried out in the form of drops.

[0013] A disadvantage here is that the formation and shedding of the droplets is highly dependent on surface influences, such as the material, surface treatment and contamination of the dropper tube, which can result in the droplets initially flowing along the tube if there is a slope and accumulating at local disturbing contours and detaching. This is associated with an increasing inhomogeneity of the water load, which can lead to losses during evaporation. Summary of the invention

[0014] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved or at least alternative embodiment for a generic metering device, by means of which the disadvantages known from the prior art can be overcome.

[0015] This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0016] The invention is based on the general idea that, instead of applying the cooling medium by dripping, which is associated with the above-mentioned disadvantages, the cooling medium is applied to the cooler in the form of a laminar jet, without increasing the local delivery rate compared to the prior art. In the case of the metering device according to the invention, this is achieved by a correspondingly designed diameter of the orifice nozzle. In the metering device according to the invention for applying the cooling medium to the cooler, at least one supply line for conveying the cooling medium is provided, which has at least one, preferably a plurality of orifice nozzles for distributing / applying the cooling medium to the cooler. With the metering device according to the invention, a laminar delivery of the cooling medium can be achieved, whereby an optimized cooling of the cooler can be achieved.

[0017] In an advantageous development of the invention, at least one, preferably all, of the orifice nozzles now have a diameter which is determined according to the following formula:

[0018]

[0019] in:

[0020] Orifice nozzle flow coefficient

[0021] Evaporated water density

[0022] Pressure range in the orifice nozzle area Approx. 30 mbar ~ 200 mbar

[0023] Output of evaporated water / time (per nozzle): = 0.08 ml / s ~ 0.2 ml / s.

[0024] By means of a diameter of at least one orifice nozzle selected or calculated to this size, the local water output can be carried out virtually independently of the above-mentioned factors, such as the material, surface treatment and / or contamination of the drip tube which influence the surface tension. Likewise, compared to a drip-type solution in which the cooling medium / water is output to the cooler by means of a drip spray, the sensitivity to external acceleration influences is almost eliminated. It is also no longer necessary to compensate for the earth pressure between the individual drip tubes, for example, using a throttle valve. This has the effect that the metering device itself can be realized with very few components, which not only saves resources but is also extremely inexpensive. Compared to jet atomization, the water that cools the cooler is output not in the form of drops but in the form of a spray, requiring only a very small amount of energy for water distribution. The pressure required for this depends on the technical implementation of the supply line and is determined according to the pressure. Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure is in the range of 30 mbar to 70 mbar, or in the range of Figure 3 The meandering supply line is located in the range of 50 mbar to 200 mbar.

[0025] In meandering supply lines, the diameter of the line plays a special role, because the pressure loss along the supply line must be limited in order to keep the inlet pressure of the orifice nozzle within the desired range. It has proven to be advantageous here if the inner diameter of the supply line is 4 mm to 8 mm, depending on the total number of orifice nozzles. Depending on the pressure drop and the ground height in the supply line, the diameter of the orifice nozzle can also be varied and adapted to the existing pressure level. Thus, the diameter d of the orifice nozzle can be calculated relatively simply using the metering device according to the invention, depending on the required volume flow, ground height and line pressure loss. Here, even in the case of deviations from the operating point due to external influences, the diameter d of the orifice nozzle calculated in this way always leads to a laminar jet ejection.

[0026] In an advantageous development of the metering device according to the invention, the diameter d is in the range of 0.2 mm ≤ d ≤ 0.4 mm. This makes it possible to achieve a wetting amount which optimizes cooling on the one hand and completely evaporates on the other hand.

[0027] In a further advantageous embodiment of the metering device according to the invention, the supply line has at least two orifice nozzles with a horizontal spacing A of between 9.0 mm and 40.0 mm, wherein the spacing is preferably matched to the tube row spacing of the downstream (falling flow) cooler or corresponds to a multiple of the tube row spacing. This makes it possible to reliably avoid overlaps when discharging water via two adjacent orifice nozzles even in the event of external influences in the actual driving mode, thereby reliably avoiding the occurrence of special areas where two adjacent orifice nozzles are double loaded with water. This makes it possible to optimize the cooling capacity while reducing the water consumption.

[0028] The metering device expediently has two supply lines arranged one above the other, each of which has at least one orifice nozzle, wherein the two orifice nozzles in the two supply lines have a vertical spacing B of between 30 mm and 100 mm. If the two supply lines are arranged one above the other, the orifice nozzle in the upper line has a vertical spacing B of between 30 mm and 100 mm from the matching orifice nozzle in the lower line. Expediently, the orifice nozzles in the superimposed supply lines are staggered such that all tube rows in the downstream (falling flow) cooler are uniformly charged with evaporated water. This also makes it possible to reliably avoid partial areas being double charged with water from two orifice nozzles arranged one above the other, thereby achieving optimized cooling while reducing water consumption.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, at least one orifice nozzle is introduced into the associated supply line by means of a non-mechanical method, for example by means of laser drilling. With non-cutting laser drilling, in which a large amount of energy is locally introduced into the workpiece by means of a laser beam, so that the material melts and partially vaporizes, the diameter d of between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm, which is usually optimized for the metering device according to the invention, can be produced without any problems. Such small hole diameters cannot be produced with standard mechanical drills or can only be produced with great difficulty, wherein drilling with a laser provides a reliable, high-quality and at the same time inexpensive solution.

[0030] In a simple embodiment, the laminar jet from the orifice nozzle is oriented directly orthogonally in the direction of the downstream cooler network. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the supply line has two orifice nozzles on a circumferential section, which enclose a radial angle α between 65° and 85°, preferably an angle α between 70° and 80°, and particularly preferably an angle α of about 75°. Here, the axis of the supply line is orthogonal to the radius or radial plane where the two orifice nozzles are located. The central axis between the orifice nozzles is orthogonal to the cooling plane. It is feasible within the angle range to use the supply line to load a relatively large surface of the cooler with a cooling medium (e.g., condensed water from a fuel cell) without the occurrence of a partially overlapping area where water is simultaneously loaded by two adjacent orifice nozzles. Here, on a circumferential section, it means that at least two orifice nozzles are arranged on the circumference of a generally circular supply line. In addition, at least two orifice nozzles arranged on a circumferential section of a matching supply line also provide a significant advantage, namely, better turbulence of the ejected cooling medium (e.g., water) and the inflowing air is achieved, thereby enabling a further improved cooling capacity. In this case, the orifice nozzles can be arranged on the associated supply line so as to point both upward and downward on a circumferential section or can be arranged alternatingly in different outflow directions over the length of the supply line.

[0031] The invention is also based on the general idea of ​​describing a cooling device for a fuel cell system, which has a cooler through which air can flow and a metering device arranged upstream thereof according to the preceding paragraph. In this case, the individual orifice nozzles in at least one supply line of the metering device are directed to the surface of the cooler arranged downstream, so that the water does not have to be sprayed against the air flow. Instead, the air flowing around the supply line carries away the ejected water / cooling medium and facilitates its transport to the cooler surface.

[0032] The invention is also based on the general concept of describing a fuel cell system for a fuel cell vehicle, the fuel cell system having a fuel cell, a cooling device according to the preceding paragraph, and a condenser, the condenser being arranged in the exhaust gas line and / or exhaust gas line of the fuel cell and providing at least a portion of the cooling medium for the cooling device. This makes it possible to realize a fuel cell vehicle, which can be extremely individualized and therefore adapted to the required cooling capacity, depending on the loading of water onto the cooler surface by the metering device according to the invention of the cooling device according to the invention. At the same time, the cooler of the cooling device can be kept relatively small, because water can be output to the cooler by the metering device to meet the higher cooling requirements that only occur for a short period of time. A smaller cooler not only saves costs, but also reduces weight, which has a long-term positive effect on the range of such a fuel cell vehicle.

[0033] Further important features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the figures in conjunction with the drawings.

[0034] It should be understood that the above-mentioned features and the features to be described below can be used not only in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The components of the superordinate unit (e.g., devices, mechanisms or systems) mentioned above and mentioned below and marked separately can form independent components or assemblies of the unit, or be integral regions or sections of the unit, even if this is shown with different markings in the figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein identical reference numerals designate identical or similar or functionally identical components.

[0036] In the figure, schematically,

[0037] Figure 1 A sectional view showing a cooling device according to the invention for a fuel cell system according to the invention of a fuel cell vehicle having a metering device according to the invention;

[0038] Figure 2 Shown as Figure 1 The view shown, however, shows that the supply line of the metering device has two orifice nozzles arranged on a circumferential section;

[0039] Figure 3 A possible embodiment of a supply line in the form of a serpentine is shown;

[0040] Figure 4 A metering device is shown having a plurality of supply lines arranged one above the other;

[0041] Figure 5 A diagram is shown which illustrates the pressure versus volume flow for different diameters of the orifice nozzle of a metering device according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] according to Figures 1 to 4 The fuel cell system 1 according to the invention of a fuel cell vehicle 2, which is not shown separately, comprises a fuel cell 3, a cooling device 4 and a condenser 5, wherein the condenser 5 is arranged in an exhaust gas line and / or an exhaust gas line and provides at least a portion of water as a cooling medium 6 for the cooling device 4. Here, the cooling device 4 comprises a cooler 7, in particular a cooling medium cooler, through which air 8 can flow and which is equipped with a metering device 9 according to the invention upstream. A fan 10 is provided for conveying the air 8. Here, the fuel cell 3 and the condenser 5, for example, are arranged in a Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is only shown in principle and can also be arranged at other positions, such as in front of or behind the drawing plane.

[0043] Here, the metering device 9 according to the invention is used to apply a cooling medium 6, here water, to the cooler 7 or to its surface, wherein the metering device 9 has at least one supply line 11 for conveying the cooling medium 6. The at least one supply line 11 has at least one orifice nozzle 12 (see Figure 1 ) or at least two orifice nozzles 12 (see Figure 2 ), the orifice nozzles are used to distribute the cooling medium 6 to the cooler 7. In order to promote optimal cooling of the cooler 7, instead of a previously known drip-type cooling medium distribution, the diameter d of the orifice nozzles 12 on the supply line 11 is specifically dimensioned in such a way that the cooling medium 6 (ie, water in the specific case) is ejected from the orifice nozzles 12 in the form of a laminar jet, without having to increase the local output in comparison with the prior art. In order to compensate for line losses and ground pressure in the distribution line 11, it is advantageous to variably adjust the diameter d of the orifice nozzles 12 and thereby achieve a cooling medium output that is as constant as possible.

[0044] Here, the orifice nozzle 12 may have a diameter d determined according to the following formula.

[0045]

[0046] in:

[0047] Orifice nozzle flow coefficient

[0048] Evaporated water density

[0049] Pressure range in the orifice nozzle area Approx. 30 mbar ~ 200 mbar

[0050] Output of evaporated water / time (per nozzle): = 0.08 ml / s ~ 0.2 ml / s.

[0051] The fact that the diameter d of the orifice nozzle 12 is dimensioned virtually independently of surface influences (e.g., the material, surface treatment, or contamination of the supply line 11, which usually influences the surface tension) provides a great advantage. Likewise, in the dosing device 9 according to the invention, the sensitivity to external acceleration influences is almost eliminated compared to the drip-type solution. It is also no longer necessary to compensate the earth pressure between the individual supply lines 11 using the throttle valve previously used. Thus, the dosing device 9 according to the invention can be implemented using significantly fewer components and more cheaply. In addition, the energy required for water distribution is significantly less compared to the spray previously used. Depending on the technical embodiment of the dosing device 9, the pressure required for this is in the range between 20 mbar and 120 mbar.

[0052] At least one orifice nozzle 12 is also configured such that the cooling medium is ejected by a laminar jet having an average flow velocity in the range of 1 m / s to 2.5 m / s, wherein the diameter d of the orifice nozzle (12) is configured such that the Reynolds number In the range of 300 ~1800.

[0053]

[0054] in: = kinematic viscosity.

[0055] The laminar operating range is thus clearly delineated. At lower Re values, it drips, while at higher values, the jet breaks up in an undefined manner and transitions into the region of the jet jet.

[0056] The at least one supply line 11 may also have a slope greater than 2%, thereby enabling relatively easy emptying to avoid frost damage. The at least one supply line 11 may also have a clear inner diameter of 4 mm to 8 mm.

[0057] The diameter d is preferably in the range between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. This allows optimized cooling of the cooler 7 to be achieved while achieving complete evaporation of the local spray water volume. Thus, on the one hand, optimized cooling can be achieved while on the other hand, the required amount of water can be reduced.

[0058] If you observe Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the orifice nozzle 12 is directed approximately in the direction of the air 8 or obliquely to the direction of the air 8 in the direction of the cooler 7. In this way, not only can the cooling medium 6 delivered from the orifice nozzle 12 obtain optimized turbulence and achieve optimized cooling before it hits the surface of the cooler 7, but the cooling medium 6 can also be discharged at a relatively low pressure.

[0059] If you observe Figure 2 , it can be seen that the supply line 11 has two orifice nozzles 12 on a circumferential section, which enclose an angle α of between 65° and 85°, preferably only between 70° and 80°, most preferably about 75°, with each other, the angle α extending in a drawing plane oriented perpendicularly to the axis of the supply line 11. This allows a further improved turbulence of the cooling medium 6 emerging from the orifice nozzles 12 and thus an improved mixing with the air 8. The orifice nozzles 12 can be arranged both upward and downward on the supply line 11, as in accordance with Figure 2 As shown, or alternatively arranged alternatingly with respect to different outflow directions over the length of the distribution line 11 .

[0060] In this case, the metering device 9 according to the invention can in principle have a Figure 3 and Figure 4 Two different hydraulic systems are shown. Figure 3 , a single-pipe system is shown here, which is designed in a meandering manner and usually has four to six superimposed pipe channels. Here, the supply line 11 is designed to be continuous from the inlet to the outlet and has a meandering direction. It can be designed as a single flow type with water entering from above or as a double flow type with water entering from above and below, such as Figure 3 In order to prevent the cooling medium 6 (ie water) still present in the supply line 11 from freezing after the shutdown, the supply line 11 can be drained via a drain valve located at a lower position.

[0061] The pressure required for this depends on the technical design of the supply line. Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure is in the range of 30 mbar to 70 mbar, or in the range of Figure 3 The meandering supply line is located in the range of 50 mbar to 200 mbar.

[0062] according to Figure 4A dosing device 9 according to the invention with a multi-tube system is shown, which has a distribution system on only one side (left side). Figure 4 The metering device 9 has eight supply lines 11 arranged one above the other and having corresponding orifice nozzles 12 .

[0063] The formula according to the invention for determining the diameter d of the orifice nozzle 12 can be obtained by Figure 5 Here, in Figure 5 The pressure in the region of the orifice nozzle 12 is plotted on the abscissa of the diagram, while the volume flow through such an orifice nozzle 12 is plotted on the ordinate in ml / min. The individual characteristic curves represent diameters d of different sizes, the largest diameter being d1 and the smallest diameter being d4. What all characteristic curves have in common is that they first have a dripping region (indicated by the dashed line) and then transition into a laminar flow region (indicated by the solid line).

[0064] For a given volume flow rate per orifice nozzle 12, an optimal diameter d of the orifice nozzle 12 can be found here, which always leads to a laminar jet discharge even in the case of deviations from the operating point due to external influences. Compared to the dripping area shown by the dashed line, it is characterized by a flatter characteristic curve, i.e. due to external influences that may influence the pressure in the supply line 11. Here, the amount of water discharged (i.e. the volume flow) remains almost constant. For typical cooling networks and operating conditions in trucks, local coolant separation or water separation of each orifice nozzle 12 in the range of 3 ml to 10 ml per minute is aimed at. In this area, it has been proven that the local spray water volume can be completely evaporated. Typically, at an optimized water discharge, the diameter d is in the range between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.

[0065] If the supply line 11 has a plurality of orifice nozzles 12, they should have a horizontal spacing A of between 9.0 mm and 40.0 mm. If the metering device 9 has a plurality of supply lines 11 arranged one above the other, each of which has at least one orifice nozzle 12, then two orifice nozzles 12 in two supply lines 11 arranged directly one above the other have a vertical spacing B of between 40 mm and 100 mm. This makes it possible to avoid an overlap of the individual laminar flows of the individual orifice nozzles 12, since due to external influences a larger area would be wetted when using the water jet in actual driving mode.

[0066] If we observe again according to Figure 3If the metering device 9 has a meandering supply line 11, the inner diameter of the supply line 11 should be selected such that the flow losses, in particular at the inlet, do not exceed 2 to 2.5 times the pressure losses at the orifice nozzle 12. This makes it possible to achieve a favorable pressure distribution over the entire length of the meander curve and thus a uniform coolant discharge. A further homogenization of the pressure at the orifice nozzle 12 can be achieved in the meander type (see Figure 3 ) is obtained, specifically, the inclination and the spacing are matched to the line pressure loss in the supply line 11.

[0067] In this case, the individual orifice nozzles 12 can be provided by non-mechanical methods, for example by means of laser drilling, which can easily achieve particularly small diameters d between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. In this case, the distribution line 11 itself can be made of metal (e.g. aluminum), thermoplastic (e.g. polypropylene) or a composite component with metal and plastic components.

[0068] In summary, the metering device 9 according to the invention having the orifice nozzle 12 according to the invention can achieve laminar spraying of the cooling medium 6, thereby achieving optimized cooling of the cooler 7 and thus, for example, optimized cooling of the fuel cell 3 of the fuel cell vehicle 2, while at the same time achieving extremely low water or cooling medium consumption.

Claims

1. A metering device (9) for applying a cooling medium (6) to a cooler (7) and having at least one supply line (11) for conveying the cooling medium (6), the supply line having at least one orifice nozzle (12) for applying the cooling medium (6) to the cooler (7), It is characterized in that The orifice nozzle (12) is configured to output a laminar cooling medium jet.

2. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The orifice nozzle (12) has a diameter d determined according to the following formula, in: Orifice nozzle flow coefficient Evaporated water density Pressure range in the orifice nozzle area 30 mbar ~ 200 mbar Output of evaporated water / time (per nozzle): = 0.08 ml / s ~ 0.2 ml / s.

3. The dosing device according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that At least one orifice nozzle (12) is configured such that the cooling medium is ejected by a laminar jet having an average flow velocity in the range of 1 m / s to 2.5 m / s, wherein the diameter d of the orifice nozzle (12) is configured such that the Reynolds number In the range between 300 and 1800 in: = kinematic viscosity.

4. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The diameter d is in the range of 0.2 mm ≤ d ≤ 0.4 mm.

5. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The supply line (11) has at least two orifice nozzles (12) having a horizontal spacing A of 9.0 mm ≤ A ≤ 40.0 mm.

6. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The metering device (9) has two supply lines (11) arranged one above the other, each of which has at least one orifice nozzle (12), wherein the two orifice nozzles (12) in the two supply lines (11) have a vertical spacing B of 30.0 mm ≤ B ≤ 100.0 mm.

7. The dosing device according to claim 6, It is characterized in that At least one supply line (11) has a slope greater than 2%.

8. The dosing device according to claim 6 or 7, It is characterized in that At least one supply line (11) has a clear inner diameter of 4 mm to 8 mm.

9. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that At least one orifice nozzle (12) is introduced into the associated supply line (11) by means of a non-mechanical method, in particular by means of laser drilling.

10. The dosing device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The supply line (11) has two orifice nozzles (12) on a circumferential section, which enclose a radial angle α of 65°≤α≤85° with one another.

11. The metering device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The supply line (11) has two orifice nozzles (12) on a circumferential section, which enclose a radial angle α of 70°≤α≤80° with one another.

12. The metering device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The supply line (11) has two orifice nozzles (12) on a circumferential section, which enclose a radial angle α of approximately 75° with one another.

13. A cooling device (4) for a fuel cell system (1), comprising a cooler (7) through which air (8) can flow, and a metering device (9) arranged upstream thereof according to one of the preceding claims.

14. A fuel cell system (1) for a fuel cell vehicle (2), the fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell (3), a cooling device (4) according to claim 13, and a condenser (5), the condenser being arranged in an exhaust gas line and / or an exhaust gas line of the fuel cell (3) and providing at least a portion of a cooling medium (6) for the cooling device (4).

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