Standby power supply control protection circuit based on acquisition terminal and acquisition terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a standby power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal and the acquisition terminal. The control protection circuit is used for performing switching protection control on a standby power supply of an electricity utilization information acquisition terminal, and comprises a monitoring sub-circuit for monitoring the standby power supply and sending voltages of a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery to a control sub-circuit; the control sub-circuit controls the super-capacitor or the rechargeable battery to supply power to the electricity utilization information acquisition terminal according to the voltage of the super-capacitor and the rechargeable battery, and controls the super-capacitor to supply power to the electricity utilization information acquisition terminal when the voltage of the super-capacitor is higher than a first threshold value; and when the voltage of the super capacitor is lower than a second threshold value and the voltage of the rechargeable battery is higher than a third threshold value, controlling the rechargeable battery to supply power to the power utilization information acquisition terminal. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the reliability of the standby power supply switching circuit of the electricity utilization information acquisition terminal is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to circuit technology, and in particular to a backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal and an acquisition terminal. Background Art

[0002] The power consumption information collection terminal (hereinafter referred to as the collection terminal) is a common device in the power industry, which is used to collect power consumption information at the user terminal in the power grid. The stable operation of the collection terminal is an important part of ensuring the safe operation of the power grid.

[0003] In order to ensure the long-term stable operation of the acquisition terminal, it is necessary to configure a backup power supply and corresponding control circuit for the acquisition terminal so that when the main power supply of the acquisition terminal is insufficient or disappears, the backup power supply can be automatically put into use to maintain the continuous operation of the acquisition terminal and the normal communication of the remote communication module.

[0004] The backup power supply of the acquisition terminal generally uses a combination of supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries as the backup power supply. The supercapacitor can release a large amount of energy in a short time, and the rechargeable battery can store more energy to extend the use time of the acquisition terminal. The combination of the two can meet the use requirements of the acquisition terminal when the main power supply fails. The rechargeable battery in the backup power supply of the acquisition terminal mainly uses nickel-metal hydride batteries. Nickel-metal hydride batteries have low cost and high safety, but the voltage is relatively low and they are more sensitive to charging conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to design a backup power supply switching control circuit to control the switching strategy of supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.

[0005] At present, the switching control circuit of the backup power supply of the acquisition terminal is mainly controlled by a power management chip and corresponding power control software. However, this control method is costly on the one hand, and on the other hand, if the power management chip or the corresponding software fails, it will affect the use of the backup power supply, thereby affecting the normal operation of the acquisition terminal. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a backup power supply control protection circuit based on a collection terminal and a collection terminal, which improves the reliability of the backup power supply switching circuit of the power consumption information collection terminal.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a backup power supply control protection circuit based on a collection terminal, which is used to switch and protect the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal, wherein the backup power supply includes a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery, and the control protection circuit includes:

[0008] monitoring subcircuit and control subcircuit;

[0009] The monitoring subcircuit is used to monitor the backup power supply and send the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery to the control subcircuit;

[0010] The control subcircuit is used to control the supercapacitor or the rechargeable battery to power the power consumption information collection terminal according to the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery; wherein, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a first threshold, the supercapacitor is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal, and when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than a second threshold and the voltage of the rechargeable battery is higher than a third threshold, the rechargeable battery is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the monitoring subcircuit is further configured to control the power consumption information collection terminal to shut down when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a fourth threshold value.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the monitoring subcircuit includes a supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit and a rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit, and the control subcircuit includes a supercapacitor control subcircuit and a rechargeable battery control subcircuit.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a first supercapacitor control subcircuit and a second supercapacitor control subcircuit, and the rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a first rechargeable battery control subcircuit and a second rechargeable battery control subcircuit;

[0014] The first supercapacitor control subcircuit is used to control the output of the supercapacitor to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the supercapacitor monitored by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit;

[0015] The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit is used to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery monitored by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit;

[0016] The second supercapacitor control subcircuit is used for controlling the output of the supercapacitor to remain on when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a fifth threshold and the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a sixth threshold, wherein the fifth threshold is lower than the third threshold and higher than the fourth threshold, and the sixth threshold is lower than the second threshold and higher than the fourth threshold;

[0017] The second rechargeable battery control subcircuit is used to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned off when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a first threshold, and to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned on when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than a second threshold.

[0018] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a first high-power field effect transistor and a first voltage monitoring chip, the first high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current passing through the rechargeable battery, the first monitoring chip is used to monitor the voltage of the supercapacitor and control the on and off of the first high-power field effect transistor based on the voltage of the supercapacitor, the first voltage monitoring chip has a hysteresis function, and a first resistor is connected in series between the reset pin and the reference pin of the first voltage monitoring chip.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, a trigger pin of the first voltage monitoring chip is grounded through a first capacitor.

[0020] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the second supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a first diode and a second high-power field effect transistor connected in parallel, and the second high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current passing through the supercapacitor.

[0021] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a third high-power field effect transistor, and the third high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current on and off of the supercapacitor according to the voltage of the supercapacitor sent by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit;

[0022] The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a fourth high-power field effect transistor, and the fourth high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current on and off of the rechargeable battery according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery sent by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit.

[0023] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit and the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit are used to monitor the voltages of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery, respectively, and the detection action value of the rechargeable battery by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit is above the minimum allowable voltage of the rechargeable battery.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a collection terminal, including a power consumption information collection terminal body, a backup power supply, and a backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal as in any implementation of the first aspect, wherein the backup power supply includes a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery;

[0025] The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal is used to switch and protect the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal body.

[0026] The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal and the collection terminal provided in the embodiment of the present invention are composed of a monitoring subcircuit and a control subcircuit realized by a hardware circuit. The monitoring subcircuit is used to monitor the backup power supply. When the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal fails, the control subcircuit merges the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery into the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal. The control subcircuit is used to control the supercapacitor or the rechargeable battery to power the power consumption information collection terminal according to the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery; wherein, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a first threshold value, the supercapacitor is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal, and when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than a second threshold value and the voltage of the rechargeable battery is higher than a third threshold value, the rechargeable battery is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal, thereby realizing the switching control of the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal, and the circuit design is simple, easy to build, low cost, and effectively reduces the control of the software, thereby increasing the reliability and safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of another backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a second rechargeable battery control subcircuit in a backup power supply control and protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a second supercapacitor control subcircuit in a backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a first rechargeable battery control subcircuit in a backup power supply control and protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a first supercapacitor control subcircuit in a backup power supply control and protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit in a backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit in a backup power supply control and protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.10 A functional schematic diagram of a backup power supply control protection circuit based on a collection terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application when the power consumption information collection terminal is powered normally;

[0037] Fig.11 A functional schematic diagram of a backup power supply control protection circuit based on a collection terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application when the power consumption information collection terminal is powered off. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Both the hardware and software of the electricity consumption information collection terminal must comply with the technical requirements of the power grid. During the hardware development process, the terminal hardware equipment must also meet the requirements of using supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries as backup power supplies to ensure that when the terminal's main power supply is insufficient or disappears, the backup power supply can be automatically put into use to keep the terminal working continuously and the remote communication module communicating normally.

[0040] The main advantages of supercapacitors as a backup power source are that they can release a large amount of energy in a short time, are suitable for instantaneous high-power occasions, have a long service life, a wide operating temperature range, and are widely used in various aspects such as power grids, radars, lasers, elevators, and brakes. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are widely selected as one of the most popular backup battery solutions in the power industry due to their many advantages. Its significant advantages include high energy density, which enables more energy to be stored in the same volume and weight, thereby extending the service life of the equipment; low self-discharge rate, which ensures that the battery loses very little power during non-use, making it suitable for long-term storage; environmentally friendly, free of harmful substances, and conducive to sustainable development; high charging efficiency, supporting fast charging, and reducing waiting time; strong temperature adaptability, able to work normally in a wide temperature range, and adapt to various environments; long cycle life, usually up to 500-1000 charge and discharge cycles, economical and practical; relatively low cost, with cost advantages in large-scale applications; good power performance, suitable for high-power discharge needs, and widely used in fields such as power tools and hybrid vehicles; and high safety. Compared with some other types of batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries have a lower risk of thermal runaway or explosion in overheating or overcharging. However, nickel-metal hydride batteries are not without disadvantages. Their relatively low voltage may limit their application in certain high-voltage applications; their capacity will gradually decay after long-term use, affecting battery performance; they are sensitive to charging conditions and require specific charging conditions to ensure optimal performance; their performance will be limited at extremely low temperatures, affecting their use; in power systems, a combination of the above two methods is usually used as a backup power source to ensure that the backup power source can be quickly switched in the event of a loss of main power to the terminal product, and to keep the terminal working stably within a specified time.

[0041] In order to ensure that the backup power supply can respond quickly and efficiently, a common strategy is to connect the backup power supply circuit directly in parallel to the main power line and implement a series of carefully designed protection measures. These measures are designed to ensure that the stable operation of the main power system is not disturbed, and to ensure that the backup power supply can be started immediately when needed to provide seamless power support.

[0042] With the development of integrated circuit technology, the current backup power supply switching mainly uses integrated power management chips and power management software to switch and control the backup power supply. The integrated power management chip has high integration and saves space, but it requires additional development of power management software. The combined control strategy of hardware and software requires more development workload on the one hand, and there are additional reliability risks on the other hand. Whether the hardware part of the power management chip or the software part of the power management software fails, it will affect the normal switching of the backup power supply. In addition, whether the hardware or software fails, the supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries that make up the backup power supply may not be used as backup power supplies, affecting the reliability of the entire backup power supply.

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the backup power supply control and protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a monitoring subcircuit 11 and a control subcircuit 12. The monitoring subcircuit 11 and the control subcircuit 12 are both implemented by hardware circuits.

[0044] The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal provided in this embodiment is used to perform switching protection control on the backup power supply 14 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 . The backup power supply 14 includes a super capacitor 15 and a rechargeable battery 16 .

[0045] The monitoring subcircuit 11 is used to monitor the backup power supply 14 and send the voltages of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 to the control subcircuit 12 .

[0046] The control subcircuit 12 is used to control the supercapacitor 14 or the rechargeable battery 15 to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13 according to the voltages of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16; wherein, when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than a first threshold, the supercapacitor 15 is controlled to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13; and when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than a second threshold and the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is higher than a third threshold, the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13.

[0047] The normal working state of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 is powered by the main power supply 17, which is the conventional power supply in the power grid. The power consumption information collection terminal 13 monitors the power grid by collecting various parameters in the connected power grid. However, when the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 fails and causes insufficient power supply or even power failure, in order to use the power information collection terminal 13 to continue to monitor the power grid, it is necessary to switch to the backup power supply 14 to power the power consumption information collection terminal 13. The power information collection terminal 13 can continue to record the monitoring log and feedback the monitoring log to the server through the wireless communication module. The backup power supply 14 is composed of a super capacitor 15 and a rechargeable battery 16. The super capacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 have different characteristics. How to switch and control the super capacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 under different circumstances is the key to maintaining the normal use of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 for a long time.

[0048] Therefore, the backup power supply 14 is monitored by the monitoring subcircuit 11. When the main power supply 17 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 fails, the control subcircuit 12 merges the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 into the main power supply 17. The control subcircuit 12 includes two different processing methods according to the received voltage, that is, according to the different voltages of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16, the supercapacitor 15 or the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13. Since the supercapacitor 15 can release a large amount of energy in a short time, when the supercapacitor 15 is fully charged, the supercapacitor 15 is preferentially used as a backup power supply to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13, and when the supercapacitor 15 is insufficiently charged, the rechargeable battery 16 should be used to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13. Therefore, when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than the preset first threshold, the control subcircuit 12 controls the supercapacitor 15 to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13, and when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than the preset second threshold, the control subcircuit 12 controls the rechargeable battery 16 to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13.

[0049] The first threshold and the second threshold are both voltage thresholds of the supercapacitor 15, wherein the first threshold is a preset working voltage of the supercapacitor 15, and the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 exceeding the first threshold means that the supercapacitor 15 meets the conditions for supplying power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13. The second threshold is a voltage threshold at which the supercapacitor 15 cannot supply power, and the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 lower than the second threshold means that the supercapacitor 15 cannot supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13 and the power consumption information collection terminal 13 works normally.

[0050] When the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than the second threshold and the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is higher than the third threshold, the control subcircuit 12 controls the rechargeable battery 16 to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13. The third threshold is the voltage threshold of the rechargeable battery 16. The voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 being higher than the third threshold means that the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 can supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13 and the power consumption information collection terminal 13 can work normally.

[0051] In addition, the monitoring subcircuit 12 is also used to control the power consumption information collection terminal 13 to shut down when the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is lower than a fourth threshold value. The fourth threshold value is a voltage at which the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 cannot normally supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13.

[0052] The backup power control protection circuit based on the collection terminal, which is composed of the monitoring subcircuit 11 and the control subcircuit 12, can realize the switching control of the backup power supply of the power information collection terminal 13, and the power information collection terminal 13 can still work normally when the main power supply 17 fails. Moreover, the monitoring subcircuit 11 and the control subcircuit 12 are both implemented by hardware circuits, without the need for additional switching control software or high-end control chips. Only by using hardware to monitor the voltage and switching control based on the voltage, the switching control of the backup power supply of the power information collection terminal 13 can be realized. The circuit design is simple and easy to build. The cost of the entire control circuit is low, and the software control is effectively reduced, which increases the reliability and safety of the system.

[0053] The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal provided in this embodiment is composed of a monitoring subcircuit and a control subcircuit realized by a hardware circuit. The monitoring subcircuit is used to monitor the backup power supply. When the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal fails, the control subcircuit merges the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery into the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal. The control subcircuit is used to control the supercapacitor or the rechargeable battery to power the power consumption information collection terminal according to the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery; wherein, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a first threshold value, the supercapacitor is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal, and when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than a second threshold value and the voltage of the rechargeable battery is higher than a third threshold value, the rechargeable battery is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal, thereby realizing the switching control of the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal, and the circuit design is simple, easy to build, low cost, and effectively reduces the control of the software, thereby increasing the reliability and safety of the system.

[0054] In addition, the control subcircuit 12 is used to control the supercapacitor 15 or the rechargeable battery 16 as a backup power supply 14 to connect to the power supply circuit of the electricity consumption information collection terminal 13 according to the voltage information of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16, wherein when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than the first threshold, the output of the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to be disconnected, and when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than the second threshold, the output of the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to be turned on.

[0055] When the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 are used as the backup power supply 14 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 and both are fully charged, it is necessary to determine which one is used as the backup power supply 14 as the main power supply 17 for backup. Therefore, when the main power supply 17 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 is normally powered, the monitoring subcircuit 11 always monitors the voltage information of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16, and sends the voltage information of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 to the control subcircuit 12. The control subcircuit 12 determines which one is used as the backup power supply 14 according to the voltage information of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16. Since the supercapacitor 15 has a fast response speed and can accumulate and output energy in a short time, the supercapacitor 15 is generally used as the backup power supply 14. In this embodiment, when the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than the first threshold, the output of the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to be disconnected, that is, the supercapacitor 15 is only used as the backup power supply 14. When the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than the second threshold and the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is higher than the third threshold, the output of the rechargeable battery 16 is controlled to be turned on.

[0056] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of another backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention is Figure 1 On the basis of, the monitoring subcircuit 11 includes a supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit 21 and a rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit 22, and the control subcircuit 12 includes a supercapacitor control subcircuit 23 and a rechargeable battery control subcircuit 24.

[0057] In this embodiment, the monitoring subcircuit and control subcircuit for the supercapacitor 15 are separated from the monitoring subcircuit and control subcircuit for the rechargeable battery 16, and independent monitoring subcircuit and control subcircuit are respectively used to perform voltage monitoring and switching control on the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16. In this way, the switching control subcircuit of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 are separated, so that when the switching control subcircuit corresponding to either the supercapacitor 15 or the rechargeable battery 16 fails, the other switching control subcircuit can still work normally, thereby ensuring that the backup power supply 14 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 can still work normally in most cases.

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a structure of a backup power supply control protection circuit based on a data acquisition terminal provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention is Figure 2 On the basis of, the supercapacitor control subcircuit 23 includes a first supercapacitor control subcircuit 31 and a second supercapacitor control subcircuit 32, and the rechargeable battery control subcircuit 24 includes a first rechargeable battery control subcircuit 33 and a second rechargeable battery control subcircuit 34.

[0059] In this embodiment, the supercapacitor control subcircuit 23 and the rechargeable battery control subcircuit 24 are further divided into two groups of sub-control circuits, one group of sub-control circuits is used to control charging and discharging according to the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16, and the other group of sub-control circuits is used to control the mutual backup of the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16, and to protect the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 from over-discharge.

[0060] Specifically, the first supercapacitor control subcircuit 31 is used to control the output of the supercapacitor 15 to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 monitored by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit 21. The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit 33 is used to control the output of the rechargeable battery 16 to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 monitored by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit 22.

[0061] The second supercapacitor control subcircuit 32 is used to control the output of the supercapacitor 15 to remain on when the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is lower than a fifth threshold and the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than a sixth threshold, wherein the fifth threshold is lower than the third threshold and higher than the fourth threshold, and the sixth threshold is lower than the second threshold and higher than the fourth threshold.

[0062] When the supercapacitor 15 and the rechargeable battery 16 are configured at the same time, due to the presence of the components in the supercapacitor control subcircuit 23, the output voltage of the supercapacitor 15 will have a certain voltage drop, resulting in a certain decrease in the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 monitored by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit 21, that is, when the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit 21 detects that the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is too low, the actual supercapacitor 15 still has the power supply capacity for the power consumption information collection terminal 13. If the backup power supply 14 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 is completely switched to the rechargeable battery 16 at this time, the remaining power in the supercapacitor 15 will be wasted. Therefore, when the voltage of the rechargeable battery 16 is lower than the fifth threshold and the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than the sixth threshold, the second supercapacitor control subcircuit 32 controls the output of the supercapacitor 15 to remain turned on. In this way, the power stored in the supercapacitor 15 can be fully utilized, the working efficiency of the supercapacitor is improved, and unnecessary energy waste is reduced.

[0063] When the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is lower than the sixth threshold, it means that the power of the supercapacitor 15 is insufficient and needs to be charged. When the power of the rechargeable battery 16 is higher than the third threshold, it means that the power of the rechargeable battery 16 is sufficient and does not need to be charged. At this time, the output of the rechargeable battery 16 can be controlled to be turned on by the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit 34. At this time, since the power supply priority of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than that of the rechargeable battery 16, when the main power supply 17 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13 fails, the supercapacitor 15 will still be used as the backup power supply 14 to supply the power consumption information collection terminal 13 first, and since the output of the rechargeable battery 16 is turned on, after the power of the supercapacitor 15 is exhausted, it can be switched to the rechargeable battery 16 to supply power to the power consumption information collection terminal 13 in time. When the voltage of the supercapacitor 15 is higher than the first threshold, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit 34 controls the output of the rechargeable battery 16 to be turned off. At this time, since the power of the supercapacitor 15 is full, it can provide power for a long time. Therefore, turning off the output of the rechargeable battery 16 will not affect the power supply of the backup power supply 14 of the power consumption information collection terminal 13, and can also protect the service life of the rechargeable battery 16.

[0064] The structure and working principle of the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application are schematically explained below with specific circuit structures.

[0065] Figure 4 The circuit structure diagram of the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the second charging battery control subcircuit includes:

[0066] Voltage monitoring chip U4, high-power field effect transistor Q16, transistor D12, diode D11, resistor R44, resistor R45, resistor R48, resistor R50, capacitor C16, capacitor C17, capacitor C18, capacitor C13. Port VDD of voltage monitoring chip U4 is provided by the rechargeable battery voltage VBAT1, port GND is grounded, port MR is a low voltage reset port, port Sense uses the voltage of the super capacitor as the reference voltage FL_REF, and port Reset outputs a high level or a low level after comparing the voltage of port Sense with the internal reference voltage of U4, thereby controlling whether port 2 of transistor D12 outputs the switch control signal of high-power field effect transistor Q16. High-power field effect transistor Q16 controls the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned on or off according to the switch control signal sent by transistor D12. If high-power field effect transistor Q16 is turned on, the output end of the rechargeable battery is connected to the confluence output end Bat_Cap_Confluence of the rechargeable battery and super capacitor through diode D11. In this embodiment, the detection reset pin port Reset of the voltage monitoring chip U4 is cleverly used as the input reference pin of the sensor. Under normal circumstances, the low-level signal of the reset pin is realized by configuring the peripheral resistor R44 of the port Sense of the voltage monitoring chip U4. The voltage obtained by the voltage division of R44 and R48 is compared with the internal reference voltage of the voltage detection chip U4. Since the received value of the port Sense after the voltage division is lower than the internal reference value of U4, the port Reset outputs a low level, so the first pin resistor R45 of the high-power field effect tube Q16 is connected in parallel with R48, resulting in a decrease in resistance and an increase in voltage division, so as to realize a group of circuits that are turned on and off using different thresholds. However, after resetting, since the reset pin is set low, the resistor R45 is automatically incorporated into the peripheral resistor ratio of the port Sense, thereby increasing the control voltage of the next shutdown of the high-power field effect tube Q16, which can better ensure the protection work of preventing the power consumption information collection terminal from accidentally shutting down when the power is suddenly lost during the power-on process. The capacitor C18 connected to the trigger pin port CT of the voltage monitoring chip U4 can be used to change the response time of the voltage monitoring chip U4. The response time can be delayed by changing the capacitance of C18.

[0067] Figure 5 The circuit structure diagram of the second supercapacitor control subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the second supercapacitor control subcircuit includes:

[0068] High-power field effect tube Q12, diode D7, resistor R36, wherein the high-power field effect tube Q12 and the diode D7 are connected in parallel and are equivalent to an ideal diode. Due to the voltage drop of the unidirectional diode D7, the supercapacitor still has some power remaining when the rechargeable battery is put into operation. In order to ensure that the power of the supercapacitor can be effectively utilized, when it is detected that the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a certain threshold, the ideal diode composed of the high-power field effect tube Q12 and the diode D7 is triggered to conduct, so that the remaining power of the supercapacitor is fully utilized, thereby improving the working efficiency of the supercapacitor and reducing unnecessary energy waste.

[0069] Figure 6 The circuit structure diagram of the first rechargeable battery control subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the first charging battery control subcircuit includes:

[0070] High power field effect transistor Q18, diode DJ2, resistor R40, high power field effect transistor Q18 controls BAT_CON through the voltage monitoring pin of the rechargeable battery to determine whether the discharge output of the rechargeable battery is turned on / off.

[0071] Figure 7 The circuit structure diagram of the first supercapacitor control subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the first supercapacitor control subcircuit includes:

[0072] High power field effect transistor Q13, diode DJ1, resistor R34, high power field effect transistor Q13 controls SCP_CON through the voltage monitoring pin of the super capacitor to determine whether the discharge output of the super capacitor is turned on / off and charged.

[0073] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The circuit structure and principle of the first rechargeable battery control subcircuit and the first supercapacitor control subcircuit shown are consistent. The only difference is that one serves as a power control switch for the rechargeable battery and the other serves as a power control switch for the supercapacitor. The working principle of both is to control the gate level of the high-power field effect transistor to be high to turn off the power.

[0074] Figure 8 The circuit structure diagram of the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the charging battery monitoring subcircuit includes:

[0075] Power monitoring chip U3, field effect transistor Q19, transistor Q20, transistor Q21, transistor Q17, diode D10, diode D13, diode D14, resistor R39, resistor R41, resistor R42, resistor R46, resistor R47, resistor R49, capacitor C12, capacitor C14, capacitor C15. The circuit of this embodiment includes low-voltage shutdown, button power-on, power clamping and system control. The power monitoring chip U3 is used to detect the voltage of the rechargeable battery, and the voltage value is fixed. Since the rechargeable battery has an over-discharge limit requirement, the action value of the power monitoring chip U3 is above the minimum voltage allowed by the rechargeable battery, thereby protecting the stable operation of the rechargeable battery. When the power consumption information collection terminal is powered on normally, the transistor Q21 is turned on due to the clamping of 5V_POWER, which ensures that the power is turned on. Figure 6 The normal conduction of the first charging battery control subcircuit shown in the figure not only forces the MIC_CS of the system to be turned off, but also prevents the power consumption information collection terminal from shutting down due to misoperation under power. When the power is off, the circuit is locked to ensure the stable operation of the backup power supply. Only when the backup power supply triggers the monitoring threshold of the power monitoring chip U3, will the transistor Q21 be used to force the backup power supply to work. Figure 6 The high-power field effect tube Q18 is pulled up, thereby turning off the backup power supply output. At this time, the backup power supply can also be manually turned off by controlling the action of MIC_CS by the power consumption information collection terminal. The key-press startup is to actively send a signal to the switch K1 and trigger the high-power field effect tube Q18 to achieve the purpose of startup. The key-press startup process is only useful when the power consumption information collection terminal is powered off. It does not affect the normal operation of the power consumption information collection terminal when it is powered on.

[0076] Fig. 9 The circuit structure diagram of the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit in the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit includes:

[0077] Power monitoring chip U2, field effect transistor Q11, transistor Q15, transistor Q14, transistor Q10, diode D5, diode D6, diode D8, resistor R29, resistor R30, resistor R31, resistor R33, resistor R35, resistor R37, capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10. The circuit of this embodiment includes low-voltage shutdown, button power-on, power clamping and system control. The power monitoring chip U2 is used to detect the voltage of the supercapacitor, and the voltage value is fixed. Since the supercapacitor has no over-discharge limit requirements, the voltage value of the power monitoring chip U2 can be within a reasonable range. When the power consumption information collection terminal is powered on normally, the transistor Q15 is turned on due to the clamping of 5V_POWER, which ensures that the power is turned on. Figure 7The first supercapacitor control subcircuit shown in the figure is normally turned on. It not only forces the MIC_CS of the system to be turned off, but also prevents the power consumption information collection terminal from shutting down due to misoperation under power. When the power is off, the circuit is locked to ensure the stable operation of the backup power supply. Only when the backup power supply triggers the monitoring threshold of the power monitoring chip U2, will the lower transistor Q15 be used to force the backup power supply to work. Figure 7 The high-power field effect tube Q13 is pulled up, thereby turning off the backup power supply output. At this time, the backup power supply can also be manually turned off by controlling the action of MIC_CS by the power consumption information collection terminal. The key-press power-on is to actively send a signal to the switch K2 and trigger the high-power field effect tube Q13 to achieve the purpose of power-on. The key-press power-on process is only useful when the power consumption information collection terminal is powered off. It does not affect the normal operation of the power consumption information collection terminal when it is powered on.

[0078] from Figure 4-Figure 9 It can be seen that the backup power control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application uses two groups of circuit branches with similar functions to manage different backup power supplies respectively. In order to achieve effective protection of low-priority power supplies, a resistor with appropriate resistance is configured in the control loop of the low-priority power supply (i.e., the rechargeable battery) to ensure that the discharge voltage of the low-priority power supply can be accurately controlled within a safe and acceptable range. In this way, the safety and reliability of the power consumption information acquisition terminal are significantly improved, and the goal of protecting the low-priority power supply from over-discharge or other potential damage is effectively achieved.

[0079] Fig.10 The functional schematic diagram of the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application when the power consumption information acquisition terminal is powered normally, such as Fig.10 As shown, when the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal is normally powered, the backup power supply charging judgment is first performed, and the main power supply is used to charge the rechargeable battery and the supercapacitor respectively, and the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the supercapacitor is monitored respectively. The first supercapacitor control subcircuit controls the output opening and closing of the supercapacitor, and the second capacitor control subcircuit is connected to the first supercapacitor control subcircuit as a supercapacitor output ideal diode, and finally connected to the voltage-stabilized power supply output interface as the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal. The rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit monitors whether the rechargeable battery has electricity (i.e., whether the power is sufficient). If the rechargeable battery is insufficient, no judgment is made. If the rechargeable battery is sufficient, the first rechargeable battery control subcircuit controls the rechargeable battery output to be turned on, and the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit determines whether the supercapacitor voltage is higher than the preset threshold value. If so, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit turns off the output of the rechargeable battery. If not, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit turns on the output of the rechargeable battery, and finally connects to the voltage-stabilized power supply output interface as the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal.

[0080] Fig.11 The functional schematic diagram of the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application when the power consumption information collection terminal is powered off is as follows: Fig.11 As shown, when the main power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal fails, the backup power supply is connected, the first super capacitor control subcircuit controls the output of the super capacitor to turn on, and the second super capacitor control subcircuit is connected to the first super capacitor control subcircuit as a super capacitor output ideal diode, and finally connected to the voltage stabilized power supply output interface as the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal to power the power consumption information collection terminal. If the voltage of the super capacitor is lower than the preset voltage threshold U0, the first super capacitor control subcircuit controls the output of the super capacitor to turn off. The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit controls the output of the rechargeable battery to turn on, and the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit determines whether the voltage of the super capacitor is higher than the opening threshold U2. If it is, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit controls the output of the rechargeable battery to turn off. If not, the second rechargeable battery control subcircuit controls the output of the rechargeable battery to turn on and finally connects to the voltage stabilized power supply output interface as the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal to power the power consumption information collection terminal. If the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than the preset voltage threshold U1, the first rechargeable battery control subcircuit controls the output of the rechargeable battery to turn off. If the outputs of the rechargeable battery and the super power supply are both turned off, the power consumption information collection terminal is shut down.

[0081] Combination Fig.10 and Fig.11 , when the power consumption information collection terminal is equipped with a backup battery and the supercapacitor is in a power-free state, the normal boot process will automatically start the charging process of the supercapacitor. During this process, the charging voltage of the supercapacitor will be continuously monitored, and it will be determined whether it is necessary to shut down the charging battery power supply circuit in time. This design is intended to prevent sudden power outages that may be encountered by the power consumption information collection terminal, because if such incidents are not properly handled, it will directly cause the power consumption information collection terminal to shut down within a short period of time after being accidentally turned on, and then in the absence of necessary protective measures, key log information cannot be saved in time, causing inconvenience and trouble for subsequent problem troubleshooting. Only when the supercapacitor is fully charged, or its charging voltage reaches the preset threshold level, will the power consumption information collection terminal actively cut off the battery power supply circuit to ensure that in the event of emergencies such as power outages, there will be enough time and resources to save important data, providing a solid basis for subsequent problem tracking and analysis.

[0082] When the power consumption information collection terminal normally executes the power-off process, the backup power supply management shows a high degree of intelligence and efficiency. Specifically, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is maintained above the preset threshold, the power supply circuit of the rechargeable battery will be intelligently locked through the power MOS device, thereby effectively curbing unnecessary power loss and maximizing energy utilization. However, once the voltage of the supercapacitor falls below the specified threshold, the power supply circuit of the rechargeable battery will respond quickly, automatically turn on and guide the electric energy to smoothly merge into the supercapacitor power supply circuit to ensure the continuity and stability of the power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal. At this time, since the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than that of the rechargeable battery, it will no longer undertake the discharge task, further consolidating the reliability of the system power supply. This design not only optimizes the energy management strategy, but also significantly improves the ability of the power consumption information collection terminal to cope with sudden power outages.

[0083] Whether the backup power control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal can operate stably and reliably is directly related to whether the entire power consumption information acquisition terminal has a safe and feasible emergency response mechanism to ensure the continuous storage of logs and the timely reporting of fault information in response to sudden power outages. As an indispensable key node in the power system, the power consumption information acquisition terminal has the primary task of immediately reporting fault information once a power outage occurs, which plays a vital role in the power grid to quickly locate the root cause of the problem and efficiently carry out troubleshooting. Therefore, a high-performance and high-reliability backup power supply system is not only an important guarantee for the stable operation of the equipment, but also a strong backing for the safety and stable operation of the power grid. Therefore, the protection measures of the backup power supply are particularly critical. In order to ensure that the backup power supply can operate continuously and effectively, the embodiment of the present application has carefully designed multiple protection mechanisms, including an over-discharge protection system for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. The core role of this mechanism is to effectively curb the irreversible damage suffered by the battery due to excessive discharge, especially under extreme conditions close to the temperature sensitivity threshold, the protection effect is more significant, and the risk of battery damage can be greatly reduced. A major highlight of the embodiment of the present application is that it does not require complex program control, achieves structural simplicity and optimization, thereby reducing manufacturing costs and making the overall solution more economical and efficient. At the same time, the modular design of the circuit makes replacement and maintenance extremely convenient, and users can easily add or remove functional modules according to actual needs, greatly improving flexibility and operability. In summary, the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal provided by the embodiment of the present application not only ensures the stable operation of the equipment, but also becomes the preferred solution in many application scenarios with its low cost and high flexibility.

[0084] In addition, the embodiment of the present application also provides a collection terminal, including a power consumption information collection terminal body, a backup power supply, and a backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal, wherein the backup power supply includes a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery; the backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal is used to switch and protect the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal body. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal can be Figure 1-Figure 9 The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal shown in any embodiment. The collection terminal can be a power consumption information collection terminal, and its specific backup power supply charging and power-off protection process has been Fig.10 and Fig.11 Detailed description is given in .

[0085] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A backup power supply control protection circuit based on an acquisition terminal, characterized in that: Used to switch and protect the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal, the backup power supply includes a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery, and the control protection circuit includes: monitoring subcircuit and control subcircuit; The monitoring subcircuit is used to monitor the backup power supply and send the voltage of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery to the control subcircuit; The control subcircuit is used to control the supercapacitor or the rechargeable battery to power the power consumption information collection terminal according to the voltages of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery; wherein, when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a first threshold, the supercapacitor is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal; and when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than a second threshold and the voltage of the rechargeable battery is higher than a third threshold, the rechargeable battery is controlled to power the power consumption information collection terminal.

2. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring subcircuit is further used to control the power consumption information collection terminal to shut down when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a fourth threshold.

3. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The monitoring subcircuit includes a supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit and a rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit, and the control subcircuit includes a supercapacitor control subcircuit and a rechargeable battery control subcircuit.

4. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a first supercapacitor control subcircuit and a second supercapacitor control subcircuit, and the rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a first rechargeable battery control subcircuit and a second rechargeable battery control subcircuit; The first supercapacitor control subcircuit is used to control the output of the supercapacitor to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the supercapacitor monitored by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit; The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit is used to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned on or off according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery monitored by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit; The second supercapacitor control subcircuit is used for controlling the output of the supercapacitor to remain on when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than a fifth threshold and the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than a sixth threshold, wherein the fifth threshold is lower than the third threshold and higher than the fourth threshold, and the sixth threshold is lower than the second threshold and higher than the fourth threshold; The second rechargeable battery control subcircuit is used to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned off when the voltage of the supercapacitor is higher than the first threshold, and to control the output of the rechargeable battery to be turned on when the voltage of the supercapacitor is lower than the second threshold.

5. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The second rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a first high-power field effect transistor and a first voltage monitoring chip. The first high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current passing through the rechargeable battery. The first monitoring chip is used to monitor the voltage of the supercapacitor and control the on and off of the first high-power field effect transistor based on the voltage of the supercapacitor. The first voltage monitoring chip has a hysteresis function. A first resistor is connected in series between the reset pin and the reference pin of the first voltage monitoring chip.

6. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A trigger pin of the first voltage monitoring chip is grounded through a first capacitor.

7. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The second supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a first diode and a second high-power field effect transistor connected in parallel, and the second high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current passing through the supercapacitor.

8. The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The first supercapacitor control subcircuit includes a third high-power field effect transistor, and the third high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current on and off of the supercapacitor according to the voltage of the supercapacitor sent by the supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit; The first rechargeable battery control subcircuit includes a fourth high-power field effect transistor, and the fourth high-power field effect transistor is used to control the current on and off of the rechargeable battery according to the voltage of the rechargeable battery sent by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit.

9. The backup power supply control and protection circuit based on the acquisition terminal according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supercapacitor monitoring subcircuit and the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit are used to monitor the voltages of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable battery respectively, and the detection action value of the rechargeable battery by the rechargeable battery monitoring subcircuit is above the minimum allowable voltage of the rechargeable battery.

10. A collection terminal, characterized in that: It comprises a power consumption information collection terminal body, a backup power supply and a backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the backup power supply comprises a super capacitor and a rechargeable battery; The backup power supply control protection circuit based on the collection terminal is used to perform switching protection control on the backup power supply of the power consumption information collection terminal body.

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