Elastic side bearing and method for adjusting abrasion limit

Abstract

The invention discloses an elastic side bearing and a method for adjusting abrasion limit, the elastic side bearing comprises a side bearing main body, a support plate arranged at the top of the side bearing main body and a side bearing abrasion plate arranged on the support plate, the side bearing abrasion plate comprises an abrasion plate main body and a fixing ring, the wearing plate main body comprises a wearing layer and a non-wearing layer arranged at the bottom of the wearing layer, the fixing ring sleeves the outer side wall of the non-wearing layer and is in interference fit with the non-wearing layer, the upper surface of the fixing ring is in contact with the lower surface of the wearing layer, the fixing ring is pressed in a groove in the top of the supporting plate, and the upper surface of the wearing layer is higher than the upper surface of the supporting plate in elevation. The composite side bearing wearing plate structure combining the metal wearing layer and the non-wearing layer is introduced, and meanwhile, the thickness-adjustable fixing ring is introduced, so that a more efficient and convenient side bearing maintenance mechanism is realized. In this way, not only can the durability and reliability of the side bearing system be greatly improved, but also the maintenance cost during operation can be remarkably reduced, and substantial improvement is brought to the railway transportation industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of railway freight car side bearings, and in particular relates to an elastic side bearing and a method for adjusting a wear limit. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the railway transportation industry, the requirements for the safety and stability of freight car operation are increasing day by day. In the structural design of railway freight cars, the side bearing is one of the key components connecting the bogie and the car body. It not only bears the role of transmitting vertical loads, but also generates friction to suppress the lateral swing and snaking movement of the vehicle during operation, thereby ensuring the driving stability of the train. Traditional elastic side bearings are mainly made of metal or nylon. Although these materials can meet the use requirements to a certain extent, they each have some difficult-to-overcome problems.

[0003] First, for the traditional side bearing system that uses nylon as the wear plate, although nylon has a certain self-lubricating property and can reduce the friction coefficient and reduce wear to a certain extent, it is exposed to the external environment for a long time, especially under high-speed operation conditions, and will be affected by continuous mechanical stress and temperature changes, which will cause the nylon material to age faster and its mechanical properties to gradually decline. This not only shortens the service life of the nylon side bearing wear plate and increases the maintenance frequency, but also, as time goes by, the aging of the nylon material will cause changes in the friction coefficient, which in turn affects the dynamic performance of the vehicle. In addition, when the nylon wear plate reaches a certain degree of wear, the replacement operation is relatively complicated and requires a lot of manpower and time costs.

[0004] On the other hand, if metal material is selected as the side bearing wear plate, the wear resistance and stability of the friction coefficient can be significantly improved. However, due to the high hardness of metal materials, in practical applications, they are often installed in the side bearing body by interference fit. Although this installation method ensures a good fixing effect, it also brings the problem of difficulty in disassembly. Once the side bearing wear plate needs to be replaced, it is often necessary to use special tools or even destructive means to remove it from the side bearing body, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of maintenance work and is easy to cause damage to the side bearing body, reducing the reliability and economy of the entire system.

[0005] In order to overcome the above problems, it is particularly important to develop a new type of side bearing wear plate that can maintain good wear resistance and stable friction coefficient, and is easy to install, disassemble and maintain. The ideal side bearing wear plate should have the following characteristics: First, it should be made of materials with good wear resistance and stable friction coefficient to meet the performance requirements under long-term high-load working environment; second, the design of the wear plate should take into account the need for easy replacement, so that the replacement operation can be completed quickly when the wear reaches the predetermined limit; finally, it is also necessary to consider how to effectively extend the overall service life of the side bearing assembly and reduce the cost increase caused by frequent replacement. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the above background, the present invention innovatively provides an elastic side bearing and a method for adjusting the wear limit, that is, a composite side bearing wear plate structure that combines a metal wear layer and a non-wear layer, and introduces a fixed ring design with adjustable thickness, thereby realizing a more efficient and convenient side bearing maintenance mechanism. In this way, not only can the durability and reliability of the side bearing system be greatly improved, but also the maintenance cost during operation can be significantly reduced, bringing substantial improvements to the railway transportation industry.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0008] An elastic side bearing, the elastic side bearing comprising a side bearing body, a support plate arranged on the top of the side bearing body, and a side bearing wear plate arranged on the support plate, the side bearing wear plate comprising a wear plate body and a fixing ring, the wear plate body comprising a wear layer and a non-wear layer arranged at the bottom of the wear layer, the fixing ring is sleeved on the outer side wall of the non-wear layer and interference fits therewith, the upper surface of the fixing ring contacts the lower surface of the wear layer, the fixing ring is press-fitted into a groove at the top of the support plate, and the upper surface of the wear layer has a higher elevation than the upper surface of the support plate.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the height difference between the upper surface of the wear layer and the upper surface of the support plate is set as a wear limit, and the thickness of the wear layer is greater than the wear limit.

[0010] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, there is a gap between the outer wall of the wear layer and the inner wall of the groove.

[0011] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the diameter of the non-wear layer is smaller than the diameter of the wear layer.

[0012] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the wear layer and the non-wear layer are designed to be integrally formed.

[0013] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the wear layer is made of powder metallurgy or other wear-resistant metals with a stable friction coefficient, and the non-wear layer is made of other metals.

[0014] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the fixing ring is made of nylon or rubber.

[0015] A method for adjusting the wear limit using the elastic side bearing, the method comprising:

[0016] When the wear limit decreases with wear, the upper surface of the wear layer can be made higher than the upper surface of the support plate by replacing a fixing ring with increased thickness, thereby regenerating the height difference to increase the wear limit.

[0017] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, when the wear layer is worn to a limit, the wear plate body can be replaced and the fixing ring can be reused.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages and beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The elastic side bearing includes a side bearing body, a support plate, a side bearing wear plate and other components. Among them, the side bearing wear plate is one of the core components of the present invention. It adopts a design method of a metal wear plate body and a fixing ring. The wear plate body includes a wear layer and a non-wear layer arranged at the bottom of the wear layer. The fixing ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the non-wear layer and has an interference fit with it. This design method not only ensures the performance stability and service life of the side bearing wear plate, but also makes its installation and removal more convenient and quick. Specifically, the fixing ring is made of a material with a certain amount of deformation such as nylon or rubber. This material can be pre-pressed with the wear plate body and then pressed onto the elastic side bearing as a whole. During the installation process, the side bearing wear plate can be installed in the groove of the support plate by manual knocking or the like. Since the fixing ring has a certain amount of deformation, it can adapt well to the shape and size of the groove, thereby achieving a close fit. During the disassembly process, the side bearing wear plate can also be removed from the support plate by knocking or the like. Since the fixing ring has a certain elastic recovery ability, its integrity can be maintained during the disassembly process, thereby realizing the reusability of the side bearing wear plate.

[0020] 2. The main body of the side bearing wear plate is metal. Compared with the previous nylon material, it has stable performance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and long storage time. Specifically, the wear layer is made of materials such as powder metallurgy, with a stable friction coefficient, which can ensure that the vehicle has a stable rotation torque; materials such as powder metallurgy are more wear-resistant than nylon materials, which can extend the replacement cycle and service life of the side bearing wear plate and reduce the cost of inspection and maintenance; materials such as powder metallurgy have good thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance. When the vehicle runs at high speed, the wear plate will not melt due to the heating of the friction surface. The non-wear layer uses other common metals with lower costs. This design effectively reduces the overall manufacturing cost.

[0021] 3. The present invention also proposes a method for adjusting the wear limit. When the wear limit decreases with wear, the height difference can be regenerated by replacing the fixing ring with increased thickness to increase the wear limit. This method can not only extend the service life of the side bearing wear plate, but also flexibly adjust the wear limit according to actual needs, thereby ensuring the operational stability and safety of railway freight cars. When the side bearing wear plate body is worn to the limit, only the side bearing wear plate body can be replaced, and the fixing ring can be reused. This design further reduces the operation and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the elastic side bearing of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partial structural cross-section of the elastic side bearing of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the side bearing wear plate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the wear plate main body of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fixing ring of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1-side bearing body; 2-support plate; 21-groove; 3-side bearing wear plate; 31-wear plate body; 32-fixing ring; 311-wear layer; 312-non-wear layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the preferred implementation scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the drawings are only used for exemplary description and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent. In order to better illustrate this embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, the omission of some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings is understandable. The positional relationship described in the drawings is only used for exemplary description and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent.

[0029] This embodiment provides an elastic side bearing and a method for adjusting the wear limit thereof, and the specific structure and technical features are as follows:

[0030] The elastic side bearing of this embodiment mainly includes a side bearing body 1, a support plate 2 and a side bearing wear plate 3. The side bearing body 1 is the basic structure of the elastic side bearing and is responsible for connecting and supporting other components. The support plate 2 is arranged on the top of the side bearing body 1, and the top surface of the support plate 2 has a groove 21 for installing the side bearing wear plate 3. The side bearing wear plate 3: This is the core component of this embodiment, including a wear plate body 31 and a fixing ring 32.

[0031] Specifically, the wear plate body 31 includes a wear layer 311 and a non-wear layer 312. The wear layer 311 is made of powder metallurgy material or other wear-resistant metals with a stable friction coefficient, and has excellent wear resistance and a stable friction coefficient. Among them, the powder metallurgy material can be selected from copper-based alloys, iron-based alloys and stainless steel-based alloys. Copper-based alloys: such as copper-tin (bronze), copper-lead, etc., these materials are not only wear-resistant but also have good corrosion resistance. Iron-based alloys: such as iron-copper-carbon, iron-nickel-molybdenum, etc., these materials have high hardness and relatively low cost. Stainless steel-based alloys: such as 304L or 316L stainless steel powder metallurgy products, they provide excellent corrosion resistance while maintaining good wear resistance. Other wear-resistant metals with a stable friction coefficient can be selected from cemented carbide, titanium alloy, etc.

[0032] Specifically, there is a gap between the outer wall of the wear layer 311 and the inner wall of the groove 21, and the gap size is 1 mm. The upper surface elevation of the wear layer 311 is higher than the upper surface elevation of the support plate 2, and is used for friction with the contact surface of the bogie or the car body. The non-wear layer 312 is located at the bottom of the wear layer 311, and is made of other common metals with lower costs, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the wear layer 311. The main function of the non-wear layer 312 is to serve as the installation base of the fixing ring 32 and provide a certain mechanical strength. Among them, the material of the non-wear layer 312 can be selected from low-carbon steel, aluminum alloy, etc.

[0033] Specifically, the fixing ring 32 is made of a material with a certain amount of deformation, such as nylon or rubber. The fixing ring 32 is sleeved on the outer wall of the non-wear layer 312 and has an interference fit therewith. The upper surface of the fixing ring 32 contacts the lower surface of the wear layer 311 to ensure the stable installation of the wear plate body 31 on the support plate 2. Since the fixing ring 32 has a certain amount of deformation, it can adapt well to the shape and size of the groove. The design of the fixing ring 32 allows it to be installed in the groove 21 on the top of the support plate 2 by a simple knocking operation.

[0034] The installation method of the side bearing wear plate is as follows:

[0035] Preparation stage: First, select a wear plate body 31 of appropriate size and a fixing ring 32 of corresponding thickness.

[0036] Assembly process: insert the fixing ring 32 into the non-wear layer 312 of the wear plate body 31, and ensure that the two are tightly fitted. Then place the assembled side bearing wear plate in the preset groove 21 position on the top of the support plate 2. Use a soft tool such as a rubber hammer to gently tap the wear plate until it is completely embedded in the groove 21. At this time, the fixing ring 32 is slightly deformed due to the force, thereby achieving a stable installation.

[0037] Inspection and adjustment: After installation, it is necessary to check whether the upper surface of the wear layer 311 is higher than the upper surface of the support plate 2 to ensure that the predetermined height difference, i.e., the wear limit H, is reached.

[0038] The method for adjusting the wear limit is as follows:

[0039] Initial setting: When the elastic side bearing is initially installed, the height difference between the upper surface of the wear layer 311 and the upper surface of the support plate 2 is set to the wear limit H. The thickness of the wear layer 311 is greater than the wear limit H to ensure that there is still enough remaining thickness when it is worn to a certain extent.

[0040] Wear limit adjustment: As wear progresses, the thickness of the wear layer 311 gradually decreases, and the wear limit H also decreases accordingly. When the wear limit needs to be increased, a fixing ring 32 with increased thickness can be replaced to make the height of the upper surface of the wear layer 311 higher than the upper surface of the support plate 2 again, thereby regenerating the height difference to increase the wear limit.

[0041] Replacement of the wear plate body: When the wear layer 311 is worn to a limit, only the wear plate body 31 can be replaced, while the fixing ring 32 can continue to be used due to its reusability, further reducing the maintenance cost.

[0042] Through the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the technical solutions and implementation steps of the present invention, and ensure that the elastic side bearings and the method for adjusting the wear limit thereof can be effectively implemented. Specifically, the present invention achieves a balance between cost control and performance improvement by adopting a composite side bearing wear plate structure, combining a high-performance wear layer with an economical non-wear layer. The adjustable fixing ring design makes the maintenance of the side bearing system more flexible and efficient, and the service life can be extended without frequent replacement of the entire side bearing device. The overall solution not only improves the safety and stability of railway freight car operation, but also effectively reduces maintenance costs in long-term operations.

[0043] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to professionals in the field. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An elastic side bearing, comprising a side bearing body (1), a support plate (2) arranged on the top of the side bearing body (1), and a side bearing wear plate (3) arranged on the support plate (2), characterized in that: The side bearing wear plate (3) comprises a wear plate body (31) and a fixing ring (32); the wear plate body (31) comprises a wear layer (311) and a non-wear layer (312) arranged at the bottom of the wear layer (311); the fixing ring (32) is sleeved on the outer side wall of the non-wear layer (312) and is interference fit therewith; the upper surface of the fixing ring (32) contacts the lower surface of the wear layer (311); the fixing ring (32) is pressed into the groove (21) at the top of the support plate (2); the upper surface of the wear layer (311) has a higher elevation than the upper surface of the support plate (2).

2. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height difference between the upper surface of the wear layer (311) and the upper surface of the support plate (2) is set as a wear limit, and the thickness of the wear layer (311) is greater than the wear limit.

3. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the outer wall of the wear layer (311) and the inner wall of the groove (21).

4. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the non-wear layer (312) is smaller than the diameter of the wear layer (311).

5. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear layer (311) and the non-wear layer (312) are integrally formed.

6. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear layer (311) is made of powder metallurgy or other metals that are wear-resistant and have a stable friction coefficient, and the non-wear layer (312) is made of other metals.

7. The elastic side bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (32) is made of nylon or rubber.

8. A method for adjusting the wear limit using the elastic side bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises: When the wear limit decreases with wear, the upper surface of the wear layer (311) can be made higher than the upper surface of the support plate (2) by replacing a fixing ring (32) with increased thickness, thereby regenerating the height difference to increase the wear limit.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the wear layer (311) is worn to a limit, the wear plate body (31) can be replaced and the fixing ring (32) can be reused.

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