Priority protection area identification method for Uussurijiang river basin

Abstract

The invention discloses a preferential protection zone identification method for a Uussuriensis River basin, and the method comprises the steps: firstly, carrying out the research and quantification of the spatial distribution of five ecological system services and landscape connectivity of the Uussuriensis River basin, and integrating the spatial distribution into Zonalization software, and enabling the spatial distribution to serve as feature data; and then, superposing the human interference degree and the human footprint into Zonalization as habitat condition data, and finally calculating the spatial distribution of the preferential protection area so as to support a decision maker to formulate a more scientific and efficient protection strategy. According to the method, ecological system services, landscape connectivity and human activity interference factors are integrated, and Zonalization software is utilized to identify the preferential protection area, so that a scientific basis is provided for ecological protection of the Uussurijiang river basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of priority protection area planning, and relates to but is not limited to a priority protection area identification method in the Ussuri River basin. Background Art

[0002] Protected areas are not only habitats for endangered species, but also maintain biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services. In addition, protected areas provide places for tourists to relax and visit, while reducing the risk of natural disasters, bringing economic benefits, and improving human well-being. Traditional protected area selection relies mainly on expert judgment and subjective assessment, and decisions are usually made based on regional characteristics, species distribution or historical data. However, this method has the defect of inefficiency. Especially in the context of climate change and increasing human interference, more efficient protected area decision-making methods are urgently needed.

[0003] The Spatial Conservation Prioritization (SCP) method can provide efficient decision support and has been widely used in the study of protected areas at different scales (global, regional) and ecosystems (such as oceans, forests, rivers and cities).

[0004] In previous studies, the SCP method often integrates multiple ecological factors such as species distribution, ecosystem services, and landscape connectivity in the planning of priority protected areas. For example, Ma et al. combined SCP, Maxent model, InVEST, and Fragstats software in the Sanjiangyuan region of China to identify areas with suitable habitats for species, high ecosystem service values, and high landscape diversity, and optimized the conservation planning in the region. However, although these studies have made significant progress in integrating ecosystem services and landscape connectivity, they have rarely considered interference from human activities. Frequent human activities, such as agricultural expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure construction, often have a negative impact on the planning and effectiveness of protected areas. Therefore, existing studies rarely consider ecosystem services, landscape connectivity, and human interference in a comprehensive manner.

[0005] The Wusuli River Basin (WRB) covers a vast wetland ecosystem. The basin occupies an important position in the global wetland ecosystem, providing ecosystem services such as water conservation, carbon storage, and biodiversity maintenance. As a key area of ​​the East Asian-Australasian migration route, the Wusuli River wetlands are of great significance to the reproduction, stay and migration of waterbirds, with up to 4 million waterbirds passing through this area every year. Landscape connectivity also plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological health, especially for migratory species. Connected landscapes can ensure their movement and diffusion between habitats, thereby maintaining the ecological balance of the region. In addition, the Wusuli River Basin is also a major grain production base in Northeast China, and wetlands play a vital role in regulating water resources and supporting agricultural production. The continued development of tourism not only provides opportunities for economic development, but also becomes an important link for the interaction between ecology and economy in the region.

[0006] Despite the important role of the Ussuri River Basin in ecological protection and economic development, human activities in the basin have increasingly impacted the ecosystem in recent years. Agricultural expansion and deforestation are gradually destroying habitats in the region, weakening landscape connectivity, and thus hindering species migration and the sustainability of ecological processes. Infrastructure construction, especially in border areas, has further exacerbated habitat fragmentation. Although the development of tourism has brought economic benefits, it has also increased ecological pressure in the basin, especially the overuse and pollution of resources, which have adversely affected ecosystem services. In addition, resource development plans in the Far East have also brought potential risks to the ecological balance of the Ussuri River Basin. These challenges make it difficult for existing conservation planning methods to cope with increasingly complex ecological threats, so more comprehensive and scientific strategies are needed to balance the needs of ecological protection and economic development. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for identifying priority protection areas in the Ussuri River Basin, aiming to identify priority protection areas by integrating ecosystem services, landscape connectivity and human disturbance using the SCP method, in order to formulate a more feasible protection strategy on the basis of balancing ecological protection and the impact of human activities.

[0008] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a priority protection area in the Wusuli River Basin, the method comprising:

[0010] Five ecosystem services in the Wusuli River Basin were selected for quantitative assessment. Conefor software was used to assess landscape connectivity in the basin. The quantified ecosystem services and assessed landscape connectivity data were integrated into feature data for the Zonation software. Human footprint data and human disturbance index were obtained and superimposed into the Zonation software as habitat status data to reflect the impact of human activities on the ecosystem. The algorithm of the Zonation software was used to calculate the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin and identify priority protection areas in combination with the feature data and the habitat status data.

[0011] Furthermore, the five ecosystem services include water yield, flood regulation, soil and water conservation, carbon storage and biodiversity maintenance services, among which: the water yield is calculated by deducting actual evapotranspiration from precipitation; the flood regulation is quantified by the SCS-CN model; the soil and water conservation service is evaluated by the modified soil erosion model; the carbon storage service is spatially quantified by the carbon storage module in the InVEST model; and the biodiversity maintenance service is evaluated by the habitat quality module in the InVEST model.

[0012] Furthermore, the use of Conefor software to evaluate landscape connectivity within a watershed includes: collecting spatial distribution data within the area, selecting major ecological patches of forests, grasslands and water bodies with patch areas greater than a preset threshold; based on the major ecological patches, calculating the possible connectivity PC index using Conefor software; wherein the PC index evaluates the overall connectivity of the landscape by quantifying the probability of connection between ecological patches.

[0013] Furthermore, the human footprint data includes eight variables: built environment, population density, night lights, farmland, pasture, roads, railways, and navigable waterways.

[0014] Furthermore, the algorithm using the Zoneation software, combined with the characteristic data and the habitat status data, calculates the protection priority of each area in the Wussuri River Basin and identifies the priority protection areas, including: normalizing the quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services into a characteristic layer, with the same weight for each service, and using the landscape connectivity data as another characteristic layer; assigning different weights to the landscape connectivity data and the quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services according to the entropy weight method; inputting the habitat status layer generated by superimposing the human disturbance index and the human footprint data; and determining the protection priority of each area in the Wussuri River Basin and identifying the priority protection areas according to the marginal loss principle.

[0015] Furthermore, the method also includes: generating a priority ranking map through map visualization technology, each grid cell has a ranking value from 0 to 1, showing the spatial distribution of priority protection areas.

[0016] Furthermore, the method also includes: based on the identification results of priority protection areas, proposing targeted ecological protection strategies, and regularly updating data and algorithm models to monitor protection effects and adjust protection measures.

[0017] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application include at least:

[0018] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of spatial protection prioritization (SCP) for the Ussuri River Basin, by integrating ecosystem services, landscape connectivity and human disturbance data, areas that are critical to the sustainable development of the basin's ecology can be effectively identified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work, among which:

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for identifying priority protection areas in the Wusuli River Basin provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall architecture of a method for identifying priority protection areas in the Ussuri River Basin provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the following description, reference is made to “some embodiments”, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it will be understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0024] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art in the field to which the embodiments of the present invention belong. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with those in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless specifically defined as here.

[0025] The Ussuri River Basin also provides ecosystem services such as water conservation, carbon storage and soil conservation, and has important ecological value.

[0026] Ecosystem services refer to the natural environmental conditions and utilities formed and maintained by ecosystems and on which human beings depend for survival, and refer to the various benefits that humans obtain directly or indirectly from them.

[0027] Spatial Conservation Prioritization (SCP) is a set of computational tools for determining spatial priorities for conservation actions. It aims to support the efficient allocation of priority areas for conservation actions, but many uncertainties need to be considered in the process. At the national level, SCP methods are used to develop clear spatial implementation plans to determine which areas will be protected and analyze the differences in benefits under different conservation scenarios. SCP analysis is usually performed by special software such as Marxan, C-Plan and Zonation, which were originally designed to solve the problem of protected area selection.

[0028] Ecosystem services can be input as standalone supply maps in SCP analyses, but this approach is not entirely satisfactory because connectivity requirements and ideal spatial priority patterns may vary between different ecosystem services.

[0029] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for identifying a priority protection area in the Ussuri River Basin provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises at least the following steps:

[0030] Step S110, selecting five ecosystem services in the Wusuli River Basin for quantitative assessment.

[0031] Here, considering the availability of data and the characteristics of the study area, the embodiment of the present invention selects 5 ecosystem services (ES) that can reflect the importance of the ecological environment: including supply services such as water yield (WY), regulation services such as flood regulation (FR), soil and water conservation (SC) and carbon storage (CS), as well as support services such as biodiversity maintenance. Collect ecosystem service data for the Wusuli River Basin, including water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity protection, etc. Areas with higher ecosystem service values ​​will be given higher priority values.

[0032] Step S120, using Conefor software to evaluate landscape connectivity within the watershed.

[0033] Here, spatial distribution data of landscape connectivity are obtained through GIS and remote sensing technology, which may include vegetation coverage, water system connectivity, etc. Maintaining connectivity between protected areas is essential for the continued existence of species because it affects species dispersal, source-sink dynamics, colonization, and gene flow. In practical applications, appropriate indices can be selected according to the research purpose and available data, and combined with GIS software and professional landscape ecology software (such as Conefor) for calculation and analysis.

[0034] Step S130 , integrating the quantified ecosystem services and the assessed landscape connectivity data into feature data for the Zonation software.

[0035] Step S140, obtaining human footprint data and human disturbance index, and superimposing them into the Zonation software as habitat status data to reflect the impact of human activities on the ecosystem.

[0036] Here, in the Zonation software, the habitat condition represents the deterioration of the local habitat and its impact on the biodiversity characteristics or characteristic groups, which is represented by 0-1 raster data. A pixel value of 0 indicates that all its habitat values ​​(such as construction land) have been lost, and 1 indicates that the grid unit is in an ecologically original or ideal state. The present invention uses two indicators, human footprint (HFI) and human interference (HII), to characterize the habitat condition data. These data can be quantified by factors such as population density, land use change, and infrastructure construction. Among them, the human footprint data comes from the published global annual human footprint data set, which contains 8 variables such as built environment, population density, night lights, farmland, pasture, highway, railway, and navigable waterways to reflect human pressure. Since the higher the human footprint value, the worse the habitat condition, it is reverse normalized. At the same time, the impact of human activities on the ecosystem in the basin, such as land use change, water resource development, pollution emissions, etc., is comprehensively considered to construct a human interference index. The data used in the embodiment of the present invention are shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1 Data description

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Step S150, using the algorithm of the Zonation software, combined with the characteristic data and the habitat status data, calculate the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin and identify the priority protection area.

[0041] Here, taking the Zonation5 software as an example, the specific implementation process is as follows: First, set the goals and parameters. Set the protection goals in Zonation5, such as protecting specific species, ecosystems, or providing specific ecosystem services. Then run the model: Using the Zonation5 algorithm, based on the feature data (features) and habitat condition data (condition), gradually remove the least valuable grids from the edge of the landscape, retain the core area, and generate a sequence of priority protection areas. Zonation5 will output a map of priority protection areas and performance curves, showing the protection effect under different protection levels.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of spatial protection prioritization (SCP) for the Ussuri River Basin, by integrating ecosystem services, landscape connectivity and human disturbance data, areas that are critical to the sustainable development of the basin's ecology can be effectively identified.

[0043] Furthermore, the five ecosystem services include water yield, flood regulation, soil and water conservation, carbon storage and biodiversity maintenance services, among which: the water yield is calculated by deducting actual evapotranspiration from precipitation; the flood regulation is quantified by the SCS-CN model; the soil and water conservation service is evaluated by the modified soil erosion model; the carbon storage service is spatially quantified by the carbon storage module in the InVEST model; and the biodiversity maintenance service is evaluated by the habitat quality module in the InVEST model.

[0044] Here, the ecosystem provides water resources to humans through natural processes and functions. Based on existing research, the water yield in the embodiment of the present invention is calculated by subtracting the actual evapotranspiration from the precipitation. The actual evapotranspiration reflects the sum of the water evaporated from the land surface by vegetation and soil and the transpiration of plants. Therefore, the net water supply in a region can be accurately evaluated. The specific calculation is as shown in formula (1):

[0045] WY=P-ET formula (1);

[0046] Where WY is the water yield (mm), P is the annual precipitation (mm), and ET is the annual actual evapotranspiration (m).

[0047] Flood regulation service refers to the ability of an ecosystem to mitigate water flow peaks during floods through its natural characteristics (such as vegetation cover and soil structure), thereby reducing the negative impact of floods on ecosystems and human activities. By buffering runoff caused by rainfall, ecosystems can reduce downstream flood risks to a certain extent and reduce the damage of water flow to farmland and other economic activity areas. The embodiment of the present invention uses the SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service Curve Number) model to quantify flood regulation. The specific calculation is as shown in formula (2):

[0048]

[0049] Where Q is surface runoff (mm), P is precipitation (mm), S is the maximum potential water absorption of plants (mm), and CN is a hydrological performance parameter (1-100), which is determined by soil type, land use type and moisture conditions.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention uses the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to evaluate soil and water conservation services. The RUSLE model comprehensively considers factors such as rainfall intensity, soil type, terrain slope, vegetation cover, and management measures to quantify the potential and actual soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation is as follows:

[0051] A=R×K×LS×(1–CP) Formula (3);

[0052] Where A is soil conservation, R is precipitation erosion factor, K is soil erodibility factor, LS is slope length and steepness factor, C is cover and management factor, and P is erosion control practice factor.

[0053] The assessment of carbon storage services uses the carbon storage module in the InVEST model. This module spatially quantifies the carbon absorption and storage capacity based on different vegetation types and land use patterns. It can be calculated using formula (4):

[0054] C i =C i-above +C i-below +C i-soil +C i-dead Formula (4);

[0055] In the formula, C i is the total carbon storage, C i-above is the aboveground carbon stock, C i-below is the underground carbon storage, C i-soil is the soil carbon storage, C i-dead It refers to the carbon storage of dead organic matter.

[0056] Biodiversity maintenance services are assessed through the Habitat Quality (HQ) module in the InVEST model, which combines the quality and threat factors of habitats. By assessing the impact of different land uses on biodiversity and ecosystem health, areas that need priority protection and restoration can be identified. The calculation formula for habitat quality is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, Q xs is the habitat quality corresponding to land use type s, D xs is the degree of habitat degradation, H xs is the habitat suitability, k and z are the half-saturation constant and normalization constant, which are usually set to 0.5 and 2.5.

[0059] After calculating the supply of each ecosystem service, the supply of each ecosystem service was normalized to a value between 0 and 1 and then superimposed to obtain the total assessment amount of the five ecosystem services.

[0060] In some embodiments, the above step S120 "using Conefor software to evaluate landscape connectivity within the watershed" is further implemented through the following process: collecting spatial distribution data within the field, selecting major ecological patches such as forests, grasslands and water bodies whose patch areas are greater than a preset threshold; based on the major ecological patches, calculating the possible connectivity PC index through Conefor software; wherein the PC index evaluates the overall connectivity of the landscape by quantifying the connection probability between ecological patches.

[0061] Here, the PC index (Probability of Connectivity) is a probability connectivity index, which is an extension of the integral connectivity index (IIC) based on graph theory in landscape connectivity. It is based on the probability of species transmission and can more comprehensively reflect the connectivity of the landscape.

[0062] The PC index is defined as the sum of the number of habitat patches and the links between them (p ij ) is the probability that two animals randomly placed in the landscape will fall into habitats that are reachable (connected) to each other. This index can assess the overall connectivity of the landscape by quantifying the probability of connection between ecological patches, providing a scientific basis for ecological protection and management. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, a i and a j represent the areas of patches i and j respectively, represents the maximum dispersion probability on all possible paths between patches i and j, is the total area of ​​the landscape.

[0065] For example, taking Conefor 2.6 software as an example, when calculating the PC index, it is necessary to input the node file (containing the patch ID and attribute information) and the connection file (containing the distance or connection probability between patches) of the ecological patches. During the calculation process, a distance threshold or probability threshold must also be specified to determine whether there is a connection between patches. Then, the software will calculate the PC index based on graph theory methods and probability models. The value range of the PC index is 0 to 1, and the larger the value, the better the connectivity of the landscape. In practical applications, the connectivity status of the landscape can be judged according to the size of the PC index, and corresponding protection and management measures can be formulated accordingly. The PC index calculated by this method can reflect the connection probability between these ecological patches and the overall connectivity of the landscape. This is of great significance for evaluating the stability and resilience of ecological networks and formulating ecological protection strategies.

[0066] In some embodiments, the human footprint data includes eight variables: built environment, population density, night lights, farmland, pasture, roads, railways, and navigable waterways.

[0067] Here, the human footprint data comes from the published global annual human footprint dataset, which includes eight variables reflecting human pressure, including built environment, population density, night lights, farmland, pasture, roads, railways, navigable waterways, etc. Since higher human footprint values ​​represent worse habitat conditions, they are reverse normalized.

[0068] At the same time, the impact of human activities on the ecosystem in the basin, such as land use change, water resource development, pollution emissions, etc., is comprehensively considered to construct a human interference index. The human interference index is calculated by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Where D i,j is the distance between the pixel to be evaluated and the adjacent pixel (i, j), and are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the interference level of pixel (i, j), respectively; is the normalized leaf area index LAI of pixel (i, j); FVC i,j It is the vegetation coverage of the (i, j)th pixel, which is inverted from the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI data. When the land use type is vegetation (Vegetation), the coverage is expressed by (FractionalVegetation Cover, FVC); otherwise, when the land use type is non-vegetation (Non-Vegetation), it is expressed by 1-FVC.

[0071] The disturbance range for each land cover type is shown in Table 2:

[0072] Table 2 Maximum and minimum values ​​of interference levels for different land use types

[0073] LULC Minimum Maximum Construction land 0.8 1.0 farmland 0.4 0.6 Water 0.2 0.4 Forest, grassland 0.0 0.2 Bare Land 0.0 0.0

[0074] Furthermore, the algorithm using the Zoneation software, combined with the characteristic data and the habitat status data, calculates the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin and identifies the priority protection area, including: normalizing the quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services into a characteristic layer, with the same weight for each service, and using the landscape connectivity data as another characteristic layer; assigning different weights to the landscape connectivity data and the quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services according to the entropy weight method; inputting a conditional layer generated by superimposing the human disturbance index and the human footprint data; and determining the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin and identifying the priority protection area according to the marginal loss principle.

[0075] Here, since the dimensions and numerical range of each service may be different, normalization is required to convert the value of each service to the range of 0-1 for comparison and weighting. Each service has the same weight, so the normalized values ​​of the five services can be equally weighted and averaged to obtain a comprehensive ecosystem service layer.

[0076] The entropy weight method is a weight determination method based on information entropy, which can objectively reflect the importance of each indicator in the comprehensive evaluation. In the implementation, PC and ecosystem services were given different weights according to the entropy weight method, and then the two sets of data were input into the Zonation5 software as feature data using the "weight group" function of zonation5.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, five quantified ecosystem services, soil conservation, flood regulation, water yield, habitat quality, and carbon storage, are first normalized into a feature layer (such as feature layer 1), and each service has the same weight. Landscape connectivity is another feature layer (such as feature layer 2), and the entropy weight method is used to set its weight and ecosystem service weight to 0.79 and 0.21, respectively, which means that in the subsequent Zonation5 analysis, landscape connectivity will occupy a larger proportion. Subsequently, the human footprint index and human disturbance data are used to generate a layer (condition layer) that comprehensively reflects the degree of human activity disturbance through overlay analysis. This layer will be used as habitat condition data in the Zonation5 analysis to reflect the degree of human activity disturbance. Finally, the protection priority of the Wusuli River Basin is determined according to the marginal loss principle, and the CAZ2 rule is selected to ensure a higher average coverage without significantly affecting the poorer features. The CAZ2 rule is an analysis method based on marginal loss, which can ensure that areas with higher protection priorities receive higher protection while minimizing the negative impact on poorer features.

[0078] Through this process, the Zoneation5 software can help decision makers identify key priority protection areas in the Ussuri River Basin and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and sustainable development.

[0079] Furthermore, the method also includes: generating a priority ranking map through map visualization technology, each grid cell has a ranking value from 0 to 1, showing the spatial distribution of priority protection areas.

[0080] Here, the analysis results will be presented in the form of a map showing the protection priorities of different areas. Based on the analysis results, areas that are critical to the sustainable development of the basin ecology can be identified, namely priority protection areas. These areas should be the focus of ecological protection and targeted protection measures should be taken, such as establishing nature reserves and implementing ecological restoration projects.

[0081] Furthermore, the method also includes: based on the identification results of priority protection areas, proposing targeted ecological protection strategies, and regularly updating data and algorithm models to monitor protection effects and adjust protection measures.

[0082] Here, based on the output of the Zonation software, decision makers can formulate targeted ecological protection strategies, such as establishing nature reserves, implementing ecological restoration projects, and strengthening environmental supervision. At the same time, combined with the needs of regional economic development, explore ecological compensation mechanisms, green industry development and other paths to achieve a win-win situation for ecological protection and economic development, thereby balancing the needs of ecological protection and economic development.

[0083] It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present invention. The serial numbers of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0085] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed methods can be implemented in other ways. The methods disclosed in the several method embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments. The features disclosed in the several method embodiments provided by the present invention can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new method embodiments.

[0086] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying priority protection areas in the Wusuli River Basin, characterized in that: include: Five ecosystem services in the Wusuli River Basin were selected for quantitative assessment; Conefor software was used to assess landscape connectivity within the watershed; Integrate quantified ecosystem services and assessed landscape connectivity data into Zonation software feature data; Obtain human footprint data and human disturbance index, and overlay them into the Zonation software as habitat status data to reflect the impact of human activities on the ecosystem; By using the algorithm of the Zonation software and combining the characteristic data with the habitat status data, the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin was calculated and the priority protection areas were identified.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The five ecosystem services include water production, flood regulation, soil and water conservation and carbon storage, and biodiversity maintenance services, among which: The water yield is calculated by subtracting the actual evapotranspiration from the precipitation; The flood regulation is quantitatively calculated using the SCS–CN model; The soil and water conservation services are evaluated by modifying the soil erosion model; The carbon storage service is spatially quantified through the carbon storage module in the InVEST model; The biodiversity maintenance service is assessed using the habitat quality module in the InVEST model.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Conefor software was used to assess landscape connectivity within the watershed, including: Collect spatial distribution data within the domain and select major ecological patches of forests, grasslands and water bodies with patch areas larger than a preset threshold; Based on the main ecological patches, the possible connectivity PC index was calculated using Conefor software; wherein the PC index evaluated the overall connectivity of the landscape by quantifying the connection probability between ecological patches.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The algorithm using the Zonation software, combined with the characteristic data and the habitat status data, calculates the protection priority of each area in the Wusuli River Basin and identifies the priority protection areas, including: The quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services were normalized into one feature layer with the same weight for each service, and the landscape connectivity data was used as another feature layer; Different weights are assigned to the landscape connectivity data and the quantitative assessment values ​​of the five ecosystem services according to the entropy weight method; Input a habitat condition layer generated by superimposing the human disturbance index and the human footprint data; Based on the marginal loss principle, the protection priorities of various areas in the Ussuri River Basin are determined and priority protection areas are identified.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Through map visualization technology, a priority ranking map is generated, in which each grid cell has a ranking value from 0 to 1, showing the spatial distribution of priority protection areas.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Based on the identification results of priority protection areas, targeted ecological protection strategies are proposed, and data and algorithm models are regularly updated to monitor protection effects and adjust protection measures.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The human footprint data includes eight variables: built environment, population density, night lights, farmland, pasture, roads, railways, and navigable waterways.

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