Method for artificially cultivating termitomyces albuminosus

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation of termitomyces albuminosus, in particular to a method for artificial cultivation of termitomyces albuminosus, which comprises the following steps: S1, capturing termites: collecting breeding termites at holes of different termitomyces albuminosus nests of the same variety, and performing wing removal treatment on the breeding termites to obtain the breeding termites after wing removal; a structure simulating a natural ant nest is arranged in a breeding box and comprises channels and cavities of different sizes, the termites are put into the breeding box in the step S2, the breeding box is filled with a suitable soil matrix, the soil humidity is controlled to be 15%-20%, and the temperature is controlled to be 25 DEG C-28 DEG C; the termite cultivation method has the beneficial effects that the soil humidity is controlled to be 15-20% and the temperature is 25-28 DEG C during termite cultivation, and the humidity of a soil mixture is kept to be 15-20% and the temperature is kept to be 23-26 DEG C during termite symbiotic cultivation, so that various environmental parameters are accurately controlled in different steps, and a suitable growth environment is created for termites and termite; the success rate of artificial cultivation is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation of Albion mushroom, in particular to a method for artificial cultivation of Albion mushroom. Background Art

[0002] Alstroemeria albuminosa is a rare and delicious edible mushroom, which is loved by consumers for its unique flavor and nutritional value. However, the special ecological relationship between Alstroemeria albuminosa and termites makes its artificial cultivation face many challenges.

[0003] In the natural environment, Alstroemeria and termites are interdependent. Termites provide Alstroemeria with a suitable growth substrate and living environment, while Alstroemeria provides a source of nutrition for termites. However, this complex symbiotic relationship is difficult to accurately simulate under artificial conditions, resulting in a low success rate and unstable yields in previous artificial cultivation attempts.

[0004] Traditional cultivation methods often fail to provide the specific environmental conditions required for the growth of termites and Alternaria albuminosa, including the physical and chemical properties of the soil, temperature, humidity, light and other factors. At the same time, there are many technical difficulties in the cultivation and management of termite populations and the preparation and inoculation techniques of Alternaria albuminosa strains. For example, during the capture and cultivation of termites, if the environment is not properly controlled, the growth and reproduction of termites will be inhibited, thereby affecting the growth of Alternaria albuminosa. In terms of the preparation of Alternaria albuminosa strains, how to obtain pure and highly active strains and ensure that they can be well integrated with the termite symbiotic system after inoculation has always been a difficult point in research. In addition, the prevention and control of pests and diseases is also a major challenge in the process of artificial cultivation. Unreasonable prevention and control measures may destroy the balance of the symbiotic system.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris, and the technical scheme adopted is comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Termite capture: Reproductive termites are collected from the entrances of the same species of different Alstroemeria oleifera nests, and the winged termites are removed to obtain the winged termites, which are then combined with termites from multiple nests to complete reproduction;

[0008] S2, termite cultivation: a structure simulating a natural ant nest is set up in the breeding box, including channels and chambers of different sizes, termites are placed in the breeding box in S2, and a suitable soil matrix is ​​filled. The soil moisture is controlled at 15%-20% and the temperature is controlled at 25℃-28℃. Dry sawdust and weeds of various varieties are placed in the termite breeding box every 3-5 days, and environmental parameters are adjusted to cultivate termite populations;

[0009] S3, preparing culture medium: adding culture matrix raw materials into a culture dish, wherein the culture matrix raw materials consist of 150-250 g of potato, 15-25 g of glucose, 15-25 g of agar and 800-1200 ml of water;

[0010] S4, preparation of Aldrinia albuminii strains: collecting wild Aldrinia albuminii fruiting bodies, isolating mycelium under a sterile environment, and inoculating the mycelium into the culture medium in S3, the culture conditions are 20-24° C., humidity 15-20%, dark environment, and the culture time is 40-50 days to obtain pure Aldrinia albuminii strains;

[0011] S5. Symbiotic cultivation: Inoculate the strain of Aldrinia albuminosa into the soil area where termites are active frequently in the breeding box, with an inoculation amount of 80-120 grams per square meter, and cover it with a layer of 3-7 cm thick disinfected and humus-rich soil mixture, the soil mixture is composed of leaf mold, sawdust, and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1, keep the humidity of the soil mixture at 15%-20%, the temperature at 23°C-26°C, the air humidity at 80%-90%, good ventilation and avoid strong winds, the light intensity is 500-800 lux, the light time is 10 hours a day, check every 2-3 days, and deal with pests and diseases;

[0012] S6. Optimizing the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii: cultivating the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii obtained in S5 in an environment more suitable for the growth of Alstroemeria albuminii under natural conditions, so that the remaining termite nests of Alstroemeria albuminii after elimination are selected as excellent termite nest seedlings of Alstroemeria albuminii;

[0013] S7. Harvesting of Alternaria albuminosa: When the fruiting bodies of Alternaria albuminosa grow to maturity, that is, the caps are unfolded and the spores have not yet been ejected in large quantities, harvest them carefully. Avoid damaging termite nests and surrounding immature Alternaria albuminosa when harvesting. Clean up residual stipes and other debris after harvesting. Continue to manage according to the above-mentioned cultivation conditions to achieve multiple batches of harvesting.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the termites collected are black-winged termites.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2, the soil humidity in the breeding box is maintained at 17% and the temperature is controlled at 26°C.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3, the culture matrix raw materials are composed of 200g potato, 20g glucose, 20g agar and 1000ml water.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S4, the mycelium culture conditions are a temperature of 22° C., a humidity of 17%, and a dark environment, and the culture time is 45 days.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the inoculation amount is 100 grams per square meter, and the covering thickness of the soil mixture is 5 centimeters.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the humidity of the soil mixture is 17%, the temperature is 25° C., the air humidity is maintained at 85%, and the light intensity is 700 lux.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S5, the pest control adopts wiping the mold-infected parts with 75% alcohol cotton balls, and ventilation is enhanced.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0022] 1. Improve the success rate of cultivation: By controlling the soil moisture at 15%-20% and the temperature at 25℃-28℃ during termite cultivation, and keeping the soil mixture moisture at 15%-20% and the temperature at 23℃-26℃ during the symbiotic cultivation of Aldrinia oleifera, various environmental parameters can be accurately controlled in different steps to create a suitable growth environment for termites and Aldrinia oleifera, greatly improving the success rate of artificial cultivation;

[0023] 2. Stable yield and quality: Using 80-120 grams per square meter as the inoculum and a soil mixture consisting of leaf mold, sawdust and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1 provides sufficient nutrition for the growth of Albizia albuminosa. Coupled with scientific management of light, ventilation and other conditions, the yield of Albizia albuminosa is more stable, the fruiting body quality is excellent, and the taste and nutritional value are guaranteed;

[0024] 3. Selection and breeding of excellent seedlings: Place the termite nests of Altissima oleracea under natural conditions for optimized cultivation, eliminate the ant nests that are not adapted to the environment, and select excellent termite nest seedlings of Altissima oleracea, which further improves the adaptability and stability of the entire cultivation system and is conducive to subsequent large-scale cultivation;

[0025] 4. Effective prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: Using 75% alcohol cotton balls to wipe the mold-infected areas and strengthening ventilation to prevent and control diseases and insect pests can effectively control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, avoid chemical pollution to the symbiotic system, and ensure the healthy growth of termites and Alternaria albuminosa.

[0026] 5. Realize multiple batches of harvesting: After the Altissima is harvested, by cleaning up the residual stems and other debris and continuing to manage according to the established cultivation conditions, multiple batches of harvesting can be achieved, which improves the utilization rate of land and resources and increases economic benefits;

[0027] 6. Providing a standardized cultivation process: The present invention specifies in detail the various steps and parameters from capturing termites to harvesting Albion mushrooms, providing a standardized operation process for artificially cultivating termite series Albion mushrooms, facilitating large-scale promotion and application, and promoting the development of the Albion mushroom industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris, and the technical scheme adopted is comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1. Termite capture: black-winged termites are collected from the entrances of the same species of different Alstroemeria fasciata nests as reproductive termites, and the wings of the reproductive termites are removed to obtain the wing-removed reproductive termites;

[0032] S2, termite cultivation: a structure simulating a natural ant nest is set up in the breeding box, including channels and chambers of different sizes, termites are placed in the breeding box in S2, and a suitable soil matrix is ​​filled. The soil moisture is controlled at 15% and the temperature is controlled at 25°C. Dry wood and weeds are placed in the termite breeding box every 3 days, and environmental parameters are adjusted to cultivate termite populations;

[0033] S3, preparing culture medium: adding culture matrix raw materials into a culture dish, wherein the culture matrix raw materials consist of 150g potato, 15g glucose, 15g agar and 800ml water;

[0034] S4, preparation of Aldrinia albuminii strains: collecting wild Aldrinia albuminii fruiting bodies, separating mycelium under a sterile environment, and inoculating the mycelium into the culture medium in S3, the culture conditions are 20° C., 15% humidity, dark environment, and the culture time is 40 days to obtain pure Aldrinia albuminii strains;

[0035] S5. Symbiotic cultivation: Inoculate the strain of Aldrinia albuminosa into the soil area where termites are active frequently in the breeding box, with an inoculation amount of 80 grams per square meter, and cover it with a layer of 3 cm thick disinfected and humus-rich soil mixture, the soil mixture is composed of leaf mold, sawdust, and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1, keep the humidity of the soil mixture at 15%, the temperature at 23°C, the air humidity at 80%, good ventilation and avoid strong winds, the light intensity is 500 lux, the lighting time is 10 hours a day, check once every 2 days, use 75% alcohol cotton balls to wipe the mold infection site to prevent and control pests and diseases, and strengthen ventilation;

[0036] S6. Optimizing the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii: cultivating the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii obtained in S5 in an environment more suitable for the growth of Alstroemeria albuminii under natural conditions, so that the remaining termite nests of Alstroemeria albuminii after elimination are selected as excellent termite nest seedlings of Alstroemeria albuminii;

[0037] S7. Harvesting of Alternaria albuminosa: When the fruiting bodies of Alternaria albuminosa grow to maturity, that is, the caps are unfolded and the spores have not yet been ejected in large quantities, harvest them carefully. Avoid damaging termite nests and surrounding immature Alternaria albuminosa when harvesting. Clean up residual stipes and other debris after harvesting. Continue to manage according to the above-mentioned cultivation conditions to achieve multiple batches of harvesting.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris, and the technical scheme adopted is comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1. Termite capture: black-winged termites are collected from the entrances of the same species of different Alstroemeria fasciata nests as reproductive termites, and the wings of the reproductive termites are removed to obtain the wing-removed reproductive termites;

[0041] S2, termite cultivation: a structure simulating a natural ant nest is set up in the breeding box, including channels and chambers of different sizes, termites are placed in the breeding box in S2, and a suitable soil matrix is ​​filled. The soil moisture is controlled at 17% and the temperature is controlled at 27°C. Dry wood and weeds are placed in the termite breeding box every 4 days, and environmental parameters are adjusted to cultivate termite populations;

[0042] S3, preparing culture medium: adding culture matrix raw materials into a culture dish, wherein the culture matrix raw materials consist of 200 g potato, 20 g glucose, 20 g agar and 1000 ml water;

[0043] S4, preparation of Aldrinia albuminii strains: collecting wild Aldrinia albuminii fruiting bodies, separating mycelium under a sterile environment, and inoculating the mycelium into the culture medium in S3, the culture conditions are 22° C., 17% humidity, dark environment, and the culture time is 45 days to obtain pure Aldrinia albuminii strains;

[0044] S5. Symbiotic cultivation: Inoculate the strain of Alternaria albuminosa into the soil area where termites are active frequently in the breeding box, with an inoculation amount of 100 grams per square meter, and cover it with a layer of 5 cm thick disinfected and humus-rich soil mixture, the soil mixture is composed of leaf mold, sawdust, and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1, keep the humidity of the soil mixture at 17%, the temperature at 25°C, the air humidity at 85%, good ventilation and avoid strong winds, the light intensity is 700 lux, the lighting time is 10 hours a day, check once every 2 days, use 75% alcohol cotton balls to wipe the mold infection site to prevent and control pests and diseases, and strengthen ventilation;

[0045] S6. Optimizing the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii: cultivating the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii obtained in S5 in an environment more suitable for the growth of Alstroemeria albuminii under natural conditions, so that the remaining termite nests of Alstroemeria albuminii after elimination are selected as excellent termite nest seedlings of Alstroemeria albuminii;

[0046] S7. Harvesting of Alternaria albuminosa: When the fruiting bodies of Alternaria albuminosa grow to maturity, that is, the caps are unfolded and the spores have not yet been ejected in large quantities, harvest them carefully. Avoid damaging termite nests and surrounding immature Alternaria albuminosa when harvesting. Clean up residual stipes and other debris after harvesting. Continue to manage according to the above-mentioned cultivation conditions to achieve multiple batches of harvesting.

[0047] Embodiment 3

[0048] The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris, and the technical scheme adopted is comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1. Termite capture: black-winged termites are collected from the entrances of the same species of different Alstroemeria fasciata nests as reproductive termites, and the wings of the reproductive termites are removed to obtain the wing-removed reproductive termites;

[0050] S2, termite cultivation: a structure simulating a natural ant nest is set up in the breeding box, including channels and chambers of different sizes, termites are placed in the breeding box in S2, and a suitable soil matrix is ​​filled. The soil moisture is controlled at 20% and the temperature is controlled at 28°C. Dry wood and weeds are placed in the termite breeding box every 5 days, and environmental parameters are adjusted to cultivate termite populations;

[0051] S3, preparing culture medium: adding culture matrix raw materials into a culture dish, wherein the culture matrix raw materials consist of 250g potato, 25g glucose, 25g agar and 1200ml water;

[0052] S4, preparation of Aldrinia albuminii strains: collecting wild Aldrinia albuminii fruiting bodies, separating mycelium under a sterile environment, and inoculating the mycelium into the culture medium in S3, the culture conditions are temperature 28° C., humidity 20%, dark environment, and the culture time is 50 days to obtain pure Aldrinia albuminii strains;

[0053] S5. Symbiotic cultivation: Inoculate the strain of Aldrinia albuminosa into the soil area where termites are active frequently in the breeding box, with an inoculation amount of 120 grams per square meter, and cover it with a layer of 7 cm thick disinfected and humus-rich soil mixture, the soil mixture is composed of leaf mold, sawdust, and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1, keep the humidity of the soil mixture at 20%, the temperature at 26°C, the air humidity at 90%, good ventilation and avoid strong winds, the light intensity is 800 lux, the lighting time is 10 hours a day, check once every 3 days, use 75% alcohol cotton balls to wipe the mold infection site to prevent and control pests and diseases, and strengthen ventilation;

[0054] S6. Optimizing the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii: cultivating the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii obtained in S5 in an environment more suitable for the growth of Alstroemeria albuminii under natural conditions, so that the remaining termite nests of Alstroemeria albuminii after elimination are selected as excellent termite nest seedlings of Alstroemeria albuminii;

[0055] S7. Harvesting of Alternaria albuminosa: When the fruiting bodies of Alternaria albuminosa grow to maturity, that is, the caps are unfolded and the spores have not yet been ejected in large quantities, harvest them carefully. Avoid damaging termite nests and surrounding immature Alternaria albuminosa when harvesting. Clean up residual stipes and other debris after harvesting. Continue to manage according to the above-mentioned cultivation conditions to achieve multiple batches of harvesting.

[0056] Embodiment 4

[0057] In order to enrich and better the reproduction of termites of Altissima, the design of the perforated plastic plate above the culture soil layer of the culture device can be modified. If more multi-kingdom colonies need to be cultivated, the distance between the plate holes should be designed to be enlarged to appropriately increase the number of reproductive ants released. The termite nests of Altissima bred by such a device artificially imitate the natural conditions of low temperature, day and night temperature difference and low soil humidity in winter to a certain extent, so that the remaining termite nests after elimination are excellent seedlings. The termite nests can adapt to similar environmental measures, and scientific management of cultivation and fruiting:

[0058] The same size of the vessel can be loaded with culture soil in the vessel, and the surface of the soil layer can be leveled, and the ground plane can be overlapped and close to form more uses, or the culture vessel can be constructed as an integral part to level the upper surface of the culture soil in the vessel. The porous plastic plate can be designed to be in the same plane as the non-porous plate, and an upright filament fence can be used to separate the porous plate from the non-porous plate. It can also be designed that multiple porous plates are close together and covered on the leveled culture soil vessel, and the non-porous plate is against the porous plate, and the porous plate and the non-porous plate are separated by an upright filament fence. The non-porous plate can be designed to be a square plane as a whole or multiple pieces are close together to form a plane with an aperture of 5 to 6 mm. When used, the amount of release is 2 to 3 cm between the holes, and the number of releases is twice the number of holes. If it is necessary to culture multiple queen colonies, the number of breeding ants released and the distance between the holes should be appropriately increased. The design and use of the appropriate number of sources is for the reproduction of breeding ants of the same variety combined in multiple mushroom nests.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the non-porous plate and the perforated plate are of the same color to assist the vision of the reproductive ants so that the released reproductive ants can more advantageously use the holes on the plate as shelters to evenly make holes in the plate holes to build nests. The non-porous plate and the perforated plate are separated by an upright fence to maintain a plane when in use. The perforated plate is designed to have upright pillars and crossbeams to fix fence-like thin wires. The pillars and crossbeams are required to have a thinner diameter and the same color as the perforated plate or be transparent. Transparent plastic cloth strips are pasted on the crossbeams to form a plane to prevent the reproductive termites from escaping.

[0060] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, each group of breeding devices has a hair-thin wire on the edge of the perforated plate, and a wire of the same color or transparent is vertically designed on the edge of the plate to form a fence. The gaps between the wires are of a size that the breeding ants cannot drill out. The breeding ants released can come from the same mushroom nest or from multiple mushroom nests of the same variety.

[0061] Components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0062] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge of ordinary technicians in this field without departing from the purpose of the present invention, and modifications or deformations without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating Albizia albuminata, characterized in that, The steps include: S1. Termite capture: collecting reproductive termites at the entrances of the nests of different Alstroemeria species, and performing wing removal treatment on the reproductive termites to obtain the wing-removed reproductive termites; S2, termite cultivation: a structure simulating a natural ant nest is set up in the breeding box, including channels and chambers of different sizes, termites are placed in the breeding box in S2, and a suitable soil matrix is ​​filled. The soil moisture is controlled at 15%-20% and the temperature is controlled at 25℃-28℃. Dry wood and weeds of various species are placed in the termite breeding box every 3-5 days to enrich the termites' nutrition, and the environmental parameters are adjusted to cultivate the termite population; S3, preparing culture medium: adding culture matrix raw materials into a culture dish, wherein the culture matrix raw materials consist of 150-250 g of potato, 15-25 g of glucose, 15-25 g of agar and 800-1200 ml of water; S4, preparation of Aldrinia albuminii strains: collecting wild Aldrinia albuminii fruiting bodies, isolating mycelium under a sterile environment, and inoculating the mycelium into the culture medium in S3, the culture conditions are 20-24° C., humidity 15%-20%, dark environment, and the culture time is 40-50 days to obtain pure Aldrinia albuminii strains; S5. Symbiotic cultivation: Inoculate the strain of Aldrinia albuminosa into the soil area where termites are active frequently in the breeding box, with an inoculation amount of 80-120 grams per square meter, and cover it with a layer of 3-7 cm thick disinfected and humus-rich soil mixture, the soil mixture is composed of leaf mold, sawdust, and cow dung in a ratio of 3:2:1, keep the humidity of the soil mixture at 15%-20%, the temperature at 23°C-26°C, the air humidity at 80%-90%, good ventilation and avoid strong winds, the light intensity is 500-800 lux, the light time is 10 hours a day, check every 2-3 days, and deal with pests and diseases; S6. Optimizing the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii: cultivating the termite nest of Alstroemeria albuminii obtained in S5 in an environment more suitable for the growth of Alstroemeria albuminii under natural conditions, so that the remaining termite nests of Alstroemeria albuminii after elimination are selected as excellent termite nest seedlings of Alstroemeria albuminii; S7. Harvesting of Alternaria albuminosa: When the fruiting bodies of Alternaria albuminosa grow to maturity, that is, the caps are unfolded and the spores have not yet been ejected in large quantities, harvest them carefully. Avoid damaging termite nests and surrounding immature Alternaria albuminosa when harvesting. Clean up residual stipes and other debris after harvesting. Continue to manage according to the above-mentioned cultivation conditions to achieve multiple batches of harvesting.

2. The method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S1, the collected termites are black-winged termites.

3. The method for artificially cultivating Album albuminum according to claim 2, wherein: In step S2, the soil humidity in the breeding box is maintained at 17°C and the temperature is controlled at 26°C.

4. The method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris according to claim 3, wherein: In step S3, the culture matrix raw materials consist of 200 g of potatoes, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar and 1000 ml of water.

5. The method for artificially cultivating Album albuminum according to claim 4, wherein: In step S4, the mycelium culture conditions are a temperature of 22° C., a humidity of 17%, and a dark environment, and the culture time is 45 days.

6. The method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris according to claim 5, wherein: In step S5, the inoculation amount is 100 grams per square meter, and the covering thickness of the soil mixture is 5 centimeters.

7. The method for artificially cultivating Album albuminum according to claim 6, wherein: In step S5, the humidity of the soil mixture is 17%, the temperature is 25° C., the air humidity is maintained at 85%, and the light intensity is 700 lux.

8. The method for artificially cultivating Alpinia terrestris according to claim 7, wherein: In step S5, the pest control is to wipe the mold-infected area with 75% alcohol cotton balls and enhance ventilation.