Dendrobium nobile cultivation compound substrate as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a dendrobium nobile cultivation compound substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.The dendrobium nobile cultivation compound substrate is prepared from miscellaneous tree sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer through the procedures of fermentation, decomposition, solarization and the like, the compound substrate can effectively promote growth of dendrobium nobile seedlings, the yield of dendrobium nobile seedlings is increased, and the survival rate of the dendrobium nobile seedlings is increased. The growth factors such as plant height and stem diameter are effectively improved, the material weight can be increased, a foundation is laid for formulating seedling production technical regulations, and the method has important practical significance for standard production of high-quality dendrobium nobile seedlings.

Description

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention relates to a Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium nobile is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Dendrobium in the family Orchidaceae. Its dried stems are used as medicine (Lavarack et al, 2002). It is a rare and precious Chinese medicinal material under Class II protection in China. It is rich in active substances such as polysaccharides and alkaloids, and has the effects of improving immunity, lowering blood sugar, and anti-tumor, and has extremely high medicinal value. The artificial cultivation of Dendrobium nobile in Chishui City, Guizhou Province, China has a long history. Relying on the unique geological conditions of Danxia stone and the high temperature and high humidity climate environment, Chishui City has gradually become the main source of raw medicinal materials in the market. At present, the area of ​​Dendrobium nobile cultivated in the original ecology of Danxia stone under the forest in Chishui has reached 96,000 mu, accounting for more than 90% of the planting area and commodity volume of Dendrobium nobile in the country.

[0003] The most important factor for the cultivation of Dendrobium nobile under the forest is the cultivation matrix, which is the factor for the successful cultivation and high quality and high yield of Dendrobium nobile. At present, the cultivation matrix used for Dendrobium nobile mainly includes pine bark, sphagnum moss, coconut husk, peat soil and fungus residue. Based on the previous research work, the present invention carries out the research on the matrix for cultivating high-quality seedlings of Dendrobium nobile, lays the foundation for formulating the technical regulations for seedling production, and has important practical significance for standardizing the production of high-quality seedlings of Dendrobium nobile. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite substrate for cultivating Dendrobium nobile, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to cultivate high-quality Dendrobium nobile seedlings by using the best substrate ratio, so as to lay a foundation for formulating technical regulations for the production of Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a preparation method of a composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile, wherein the planting method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] (1) mixing Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 40-60:20-40:3-5:3-5:3-5:3-5:3-5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust;

[0007] (2) Mix 25-75 kg of wood sawdust, 25-75 kg of pine bark and 1-10 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer evenly, and place in a greenhouse for fermentation for 50-70 days until the wood sawdust turns from white to brown, the pine bark turns from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turns darker, and thus a mature substrate is obtained;

[0008] (3) The decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 2 to 4 days from February to April, and then placed on the greenhouse seedling bed. Watering is performed to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 50 to 70%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 2 to 4 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivating Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0009] In the above step (1), Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 45-55:25-35:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0010] Specifically, in the aforementioned step (1), Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0011] In the above step (2), 50-75 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25-50 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the miscellaneous wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the color of pine bark changes from brown to black, and the color of rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, a mature substrate is obtained.

[0012] Specifically, in the above step (2), 75 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the miscellaneous wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the color of pine bark changes from brown to black, and the color of rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, a mature matrix is ​​obtained.

[0013] In the above step (2), the particle size of the wood sawdust is 20-50 mesh, and the size of the pine bark is 1-3 cm.

[0014] In the above step (3), the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days in March, and then placed on a greenhouse seedling bed, and watered to maintain a relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate of 55-65%, so that water can be seen between fingers when the decomposed substrate is grasped, but does not drip, and falls to the ground. After 3 days of equilibrium, a composite substrate for cultivating Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0015] The application of the aforementioned composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile, the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile can be used for cultivating Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

[0016] The cultivation of the aforementioned Dendrobium nobile seedlings is carried out according to the following steps:

[0017] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 90 to 110 days, have a seedling height of 3.5 to 6.5 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0018] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them to the greenhouse seedling bed with the composite matrix for Dendrobium nobile cultivation. The light intensity should be 70-80% relative to natural light. The seedling bed should be 1-1.5m wide, the group length should be 28-32m, the small area length should be 2.5-3.5m, there should be 0.8-1.2m protection rows at both ends of the seedling bed, and the row spacing should be 8-12cm×8-12cm.

[0019] Specifically, the cultivation of the aforementioned Dendrobium nobile seedlings is carried out according to the following steps:

[0020] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 100 days, have a seedling height of 4 to 6 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0021] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them to the greenhouse seedling bed with the composite matrix for Dendrobium nobile cultivation. The light intensity is 75% of the natural light. The seedling bed is 1.2m wide, the group length is 30m, the plot length is 3m, there are 1m protection rows at both ends of the seedling bed, and the row spacing is 10cm×10cm.

[0022] The greenhouse includes sunshade, timed sprinkler irrigation, cooling ventilation and environmental monitoring facilities.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention adopts miscellaneous wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer as a matrix to cultivate high-quality Dendrobium nobile seedlings. The rapeseed cake fertilizer promotes the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings, and a certain proportion of miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark is beneficial to the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

[0025] 2. According to the quality grading standard of Dendrobium nobile seedlings, the Dendrobium nobile seedlings of treatments 8, 6 and 4 of the present invention all reached the Class I seedling standard, while the Dendrobium nobile seedlings of treatments 5 (lack of rapeseed cake fertilizer), 7 (lack of rapeseed cake fertilizer) and 10 (lack of pine bark) could only reach the Class II seedling standard, and the Dendrobium nobile seedlings of treatments 1 (lack of miscellaneous wood sawdust and rapeseed cake fertilizer), 2 (lack of miscellaneous wood sawdust), 3 (lack of rapeseed cake fertilizer) and 9 (lack of pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer) were unqualified seedlings. It can be seen that the Dendrobium nobile seedlings that did not use the three composite matrices could only reach the Class II seedling standard or were unqualified seedlings.

[0026] 2. The composite matrix treatment of the present invention is conducive to improving the quality of Dendrobium nobile, especially the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings cultivated for 12 months in treatment 8 (composite matrix of 75kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25kg of pine bark and 5kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer) is the best, with plant height reaching 22.80cm, stem thickness reaching 11.14mm, number of nodes greater than 9, number of branches (buds) greater than 4, and root width reaching 31.37cm. And treatment 1 with only pine bark as the matrix has a plant height of only 9.40cm, stem thickness of only 4.56mm, number of nodes of only 4, number of branches (buds) of only 1, and root width of only 12.77cm. The plant height with only miscellaneous wood sawdust as the matrix is ​​only 15.60cm, stem thickness of only 6.28mm, number of nodes of only 7, number of branches (buds) of only 2, and root width of only 24.23cm. Therefore, the plant height, stem thickness, number of nodes, branches (buds) and root width of the composite matrix cultivation are about twice that of the single matrix cultivation.

[0027] 3. The composite matrix treatment has a relatively large effect on the dry matter weight of Dendrobium nobile, and can effectively increase the material weight of Dendrobium nobile, especially the treatment 8 (composite matrix of 75kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25kg of pine bark and 5kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer) cultivated for 12 months, the above-ground fresh weight of Dendrobium nobile seedlings reached 40.07g, the underground fresh weight reached 32.27g, and the total fresh weight reached 72.34g, which were higher than those of other groups, especially the treatment 1 with only pine bark as the matrix, the above-ground fresh weight was only 8.30g, the underground fresh weight was only 12.10g, and the total fresh weight was only 20.40g. The above-ground fresh weight of the matrix with only miscellaneous wood sawdust was only 17.57g, the underground fresh weight was only 11.60g, and the total fresh weight was only 29.17g. Therefore, the material weight of the composite matrix cultivation reached about 2 to 3 times that of the single matrix cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 : miscellaneous wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer before fermentation;

[0029] Figure 2 : Experimental site of 10 treatment groups of Dendrobium nobile seedlings;

[0030] Figure 3 : Treatment 8 Dendrobium nobile after 6 months of growth;

[0031] Figure 4 : Treatment 6 of Dendrobium nobile after 6 months of growth;

[0032] Figure 5 : Treatment 3 of Dendrobium nobile after 6 months of growth;

[0033] Figure 6 : Measurement of plant height of single Dendrobium nobile plant in treatment 8 after 6 months of growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] Example 1.

[0036] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0037] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0038] (2) Mix 75 kg of wood sawdust, 25 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer evenly, and place them in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the pine bark changes from brown to black, and the cake fertilizer becomes darker, the decomposed substrate is obtained; the particle size of the wood sawdust is 20-50 mesh, and the size of the pine bark is 1-3 cm;

[0039] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 55-65%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 3 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0040] Example 2.

[0041] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0042] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0043] (2) 50 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 50 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer were mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days until the miscellaneous wood sawdust turned from white to brown, the pine bark turned from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turned darker, thus obtaining a mature substrate;

[0044] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 55-65%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 3 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0045] Example 3.

[0046] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0047] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0048] (2) Mix 25 kg of wood sawdust, 75 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer evenly, and place in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days until the wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the pine bark changes from brown to black, and the cake fertilizer becomes darker, and thus a mature substrate is obtained;

[0049] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 55-65%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 3 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0050] Example 4.

[0051] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0052] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 40:20:5:5:5:5:3 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0053] (2) Mix 25 kg of wood sawdust, 75 kg of pine bark and 10 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer, and place them in a greenhouse for fermentation for 70 days until the wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the pine bark changes from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, and thus a mature substrate is obtained;

[0054] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 2 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 50-60%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 4 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0055] Example 5.

[0056] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0057] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 60:40:3:3:3:3:5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0058] (2) 50 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25 kg of pine bark and 1 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer were mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 50 days until the miscellaneous wood sawdust turned from white to brown, the pine bark turned from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turned darker, thus obtaining a mature substrate;

[0059] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 4 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 60-70%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After balancing for 2 days, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0060] Example 6.

[0061] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0062] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 45:35:3.5:4.5:4.5:4.5:3.5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0063] (2) 75 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 50 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer were mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 55 days until the miscellaneous wood sawdust turned from white to brown, the pine bark turned from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turned darker, thus obtaining a mature substrate;

[0064] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 55-65%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 4 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0065] Example 7.

[0066] Preparation of composite matrix for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile:

[0067] (1) Mix Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 55:25:4.5:3.5:3.5:3.5:4.5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

[0068] (2) 30 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 70 kg of pine bark and 8 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer were mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 55 days until the miscellaneous wood sawdust turned from white to brown, the pine bark turned from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turned darker, thus obtaining a mature substrate;

[0069] (3) After the decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 3 days, it is placed on the greenhouse seedling bed and watered to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 55-65%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 4 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivation of Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

[0070] Example 8.

[0071] Cultivation of Dendrobium nobile seedlings:

[0072] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 100 days, have a seedling height of 4 to 6 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0073] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them on the greenhouse seedbed with the Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix (Example 1), the light intensity is 75% relative to natural light, the seedbed is 1.2m wide, the area group length is 30m, the small area length is 3m, there are 1m protection rows at both ends of the seedbed, and the row spacing is 10cm×10cm.

[0074] Example 9.

[0075] Cultivation of Dendrobium nobile seedlings:

[0076] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 100 days, have a seedling height of 4 to 6 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0077] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them on the greenhouse seedbed with the Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix (Example 2), the light intensity is 75% relative to natural light, the seedbed is 1.2m wide, the area group length is 30m, the small area length is 3m, there are 1m protection rows at both ends of the seedbed, and the row spacing is 10cm×10cm.

[0078] Example 10.

[0079] Cultivation of Dendrobium nobile seedlings:

[0080] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth trend, which have been hardened for 90 days, with a seedling height of 6.5 cm, 3 buds / clump, and no diseases or insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0081] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them on the greenhouse seedbed with the Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix (Example 1), the light intensity is 80% relative to natural light, the seedbed is 1.5m wide, the area group length is 32m, the small area length is 3.5m, there are 1.2m protection rows at both ends of the seedbed, and the row spacing is 8cm×12cm.

[0082] Example 9.

[0083] Cultivation of Dendrobium nobile seedlings:

[0084] S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth trend, which have been hardened for 110 days, have a seedling height of 6.5 cm, 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use;

[0085] S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them on the greenhouse seedbed with the Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix (Example 2), the light intensity is 70% relative to natural light, the seedbed is 1m wide, the area group length is 28m, the small area length is 2.5m, there are 0.8m protection rows at both ends of the seedbed, and the row spacing is 12cm×8cm.

[0086] The present invention has carried out a lot of experimental studies, and the following are the results of the experimental studies of the present invention:

[0087] 1 Materials and methods

[0088] 1.1 Test materials

[0089] Dendrobium nobile seedlings were provided by Chishui Xintian Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., Ltd., and selected tissue culture rooted seedlings with consistent growth, which had been hardened for 100 days, with a seedling height of 4-6 cm, 3-5 buds / clump, and no diseases and insect pests. Miscellaneous wood sawdust 20-50 mesh, pine bark 1-3 cm, rapeseed cake fertilizer (purchased on the market).

[0090] 1.2 Experimental design

[0091] Take fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, rhus chinensis sawdust, privet sawdust, camphor tree sawdust and paper mulberry sawdust in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust. Figure 1 .

[0092] The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the teaching experimental field of Guizhou University from 2020 to 2022. The three factors of the experiment were miscellaneous wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer. The sum of miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark in each treatment remained unchanged, according to 100% pine bark, 25% miscellaneous wood sawdust + 75% pine bark, 50% miscellaneous wood sawdust + 50% pine bark, 75% miscellaneous wood sawdust + 25% pine bark, 100% miscellaneous wood sawdust, and then combined with rapeseed cake fertilizer, according to the addition of 5kg rapeseed cake fertilizer per 100kg substrate, a total of 10 treatments, see Table 1. Randomized block arrangement, three replications, 30 plots, random arrangement.

[0093] Table 1 Treatment of Dendrobium nobile seedlings with wood sawdust, pine bark, and rapeseed cake fertilizer as the cultivation medium

[0094]

[0095] In December 2020, miscellaneous wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer were mixed evenly according to the treatments and put into the greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the miscellaneous wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the color of pine bark changes from brown to black, and the color of rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, it means that it is well decomposed. In March 2021, the decomposed substrate was exposed to the sun for 3 days, and the substrate was placed on the greenhouse seedling bed. It was watered to keep the relative moisture content of the substrate at about 60% (mix the materials with your hands, and water should be visible between your fingers without dripping, and it will disperse as soon as it hits the ground). After 3 days of balancing, the rooted tissue culture seedlings were transplanted. The greenhouse is equipped with facilities such as sunshade, timed sprinkler irrigation, cooling and ventilation, and environmental monitoring. Figure 2 . The light intensity is 75% relative to natural light, the seedbed is 1.2m wide, the group length is 30m, the plot length is 3m, there are 1m protection rows at both ends of the seedbed, and the row spacing is 10cm×10cm. In April 2022, 30 plants were randomly selected from each plot by random sampling method for apparent index determination; 200 plants were selected from each plot for classification and statistics according to the classification standards for Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

[0096] 1.3 Data Statistical Analysis

[0097] SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis of experimental data.

[0098] 2 Results and analysis

[0099] 2.1 Effects of different substrate treatments on the growth of Dendrobium nobile

[0100] The effects of different substrate treatments on plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches (buds), root length and root width of Dendrobium nobile are shown in Table 2. The coefficients of variation of the two growth indicators of root width and root length of Dendrobium nobile in each treatment were relatively small, indicating that the two indicators were not much different among the treatments; the number of branches (buds) and stem diameter varied greatly, indicating that different substrates had a greater impact on the growth of the number of branches (buds) and stem diameter of Dendrobium nobile. The number of branches (buds) in treatment 8 with wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer of 75, 25 and 5 respectively and treatment 6 with wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizer of 50, 50 and 5 respectively were all greater than 4, indicating that rapeseed cake fertilizer was conducive to the growth of new branches and buds. Plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches (buds) and root width were all larger in treatment 8, followed by treatment 6; root length was longest in treatment 1 with pine bark 100% and treatment 3 with miscellaneous wood sawdust 25% and pine bark 75%. Pine bark has poor water retention and good air permeability, which is conducive to root growth. In summary, rapeseed cake fertilizer promoted the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings, and a certain ratio of miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark was conducive to the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

[0101] Table 2 Effects of different substrate treatments on the growth of Dendrobium nobile

[0102]

[0103] 2.2 Effects of different matrix treatments on the dry matter weight of Dendrobium nobile

[0104] As shown in Table 3, the coefficients of variation of aboveground fresh weight, total fresh weight and underground fresh weight were large. The overall performance was that the treatments with rapeseed cake fertilizer and miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark at 75:25 and 50:50 were significantly higher than other treatments; the coefficient of variation of root-crown ratio was the smallest. As the proportion of miscellaneous wood sawdust increased, the root-crown ratio gradually decreased. This may be due to the air permeability of pine bark, which led to low moisture content in the substrate, which was conducive to root growth. In summary, it shows that the treatments with rapeseed cake fertilizer and miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark at 75:25 and 50:50 are conducive to the growth of Dendrobium nobile.

[0105] Table 3 Effects of different substrate treatments on the root-shoot ratio of dry matter weight of Dendrobium nobile

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] 2.3 Principal component analysis of the effects of different substrate treatments on Dendrobium nobile seedlings

[0109] Principal component analysis was performed on 10 growth indices of Dendrobium nobile treated with different miscellaneous wood sawdust, pine bark and rapeseed cake fertilizers. There were two principal components (that is, two categories) with eigenvalues ​​greater than and close to 1.0000. The first principal component was the first category: plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches and buds, root width, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight and total fresh weight; the second principal component was the second category: root-to-crown ratio, underground fresh weight and total fresh weight.

[0110] It can be seen from Table 4 that the variance contribution rates of the two principal components are 89.3993% and 9.1778% respectively, and the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components has reached 98.5772%, that is, the two principal components represent 98.5772% information of the 10 growth indicators of the 10 treatments.

[0111] Table 4 Eigenvalues, variance contributions and cumulative contribution rates

[0112]

[0113] The eigenvalue of the first principal component is 8.9399, and the variance contribution rate is 89.3993%. It can be seen from Table 5 that plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches and buds, root width, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight and total fresh weight have higher loadings on the first principal component, indicating that the first principal component mainly reflects the information of indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches and buds, root width and fresh weight; the eigenvalue of the second principal component is 0.9178, and the variance contribution rate is 9.1778%. Root-to-crown ratio, underground fresh weight and total fresh weight have higher loadings on the second principal component, which shows that the second principal component mainly reflects the information of root-to-crown ratio, underground fresh weight and total fresh weight; according to the loadings of different indicators on each factor, it can be determined that plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of branches and buds, root width, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, total fresh weight and root-to-crown ratio can represent the growth information of Dendrobium nobile.

[0114] Table 5 Eigenvectors of the principal components of each index

[0115]

[0116] 2.4 Comprehensive evaluation of different substrate treatments on the growth of Dendrobium nobile

[0117] Two principal components were used to comprehensively evaluate the 10 growth indicators of Dendrobium nobile under different treatments. The comprehensive evaluation function was F = 0.8940 × F1 + 0.0918 × F2. The principal component values, comprehensive component scores and rankings of the growth physiological indicators of Dendrobium nobile under different treatments calculated by the comprehensive evaluation function are shown in Table 6. The top three of the 10 treatments were treatments 8, 6 and 4, all of which contained rapeseed cake fertilizer, and ranked in order with the decrease of miscellaneous wood sawdust; the miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark ranked first were 75 and 25 respectively, and the miscellaneous wood sawdust and pine bark ranked second were 50 and 50 respectively. The comprehensive scores of the first and second treatments were much higher than those of the other treatments. The comprehensive scores of the components of the top five treatments were all positive, while the comprehensive scores of the other treatments were negative; it can be seen that the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings first requires relatively good fertility, and the proportion of miscellaneous wood sawdust in the substrate is higher, which is more suitable for the growth of Dendrobium nobile.

[0118] Table 6 Comprehensive scores and rankings of components

[0119]

[0120] 2.5 Effects of different substrate treatments on the quality of Dendrobium nobile seedlings

[0121] According to the quality grading standard of Dendrobium nobile seedlings, the plant height is not less than 17 cm, the number of branches (buds) is not less than 3, which is the grade I seedling; the plant height is not less than 11 cm, the number of branches (buds) is not less than 2, which is the grade II seedling; the seedlings that do not meet the grade II seedling standard are unqualified. In this study, the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 8, 6 and 4 all reached the grade I seedling standard, the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 5, 7 and 10 all reached the grade II seedling standard, and the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 9 were unqualified seedlings.

[0122] 3. Summary

[0123] The mixed fermentation of 75kg-50kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25kg-50kg of pine bark, and 5kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer in the production matrix of Dendrobium nobile seedlings is conducive to the growth of Dendrobium nobile seedlings. In particular, the plant height of treatment 8 (the matrix ratio is 75kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25kg of pine bark, and 5kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer) reached 22.80cm, the stem diameter reached 11.14mm, the number of nodes is greater than 9, the number of branches (buds) is greater than 4, and the root width reaches 31.37cm. These indicators are higher than those of other groups, especially only pine bark (treatment 1) and only miscellaneous wood sawdust (treatment 10). The plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, branches (buds), and root width of the composite matrix cultivation are about twice that of the single matrix cultivation.

[0124] The composite matrix treatment had a significant effect on the dry matter weight of D. nobile. The aboveground fresh weight of D. nobile seedlings in treatment 8 reached 40.07 g, the underground fresh weight reached 32.27 g, and the total fresh weight reached 72.34 g, which was about 2 to 3 times that of D. nobile seedlings cultivated in two single matrixes, treatment 1 (only pine bark) and treatment 10 (only miscellaneous wood sawdust).

[0125] In this study, the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 8, 6 and 4 all reached the Class I seedling standard, the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 5, 7 and 10 all reached the Class II seedling standard, and the Dendrobium nobile seedlings in treatments 1, 2, 3 and 9 were unqualified seedlings.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile, characterized in that: The planting method is carried out according to the following steps: (1) mixing Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust in a weight ratio of 40-60:20-40:3-5:3-5:3-5:3-5:3-5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust; (2) Mix 25-75 kg of wood sawdust, 25-75 kg of pine bark and 1-10 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer evenly, and place in a greenhouse for fermentation for 50-70 days until the wood sawdust turns from white to brown, the pine bark turns from brown to black, and the rapeseed cake fertilizer turns darker, and thus a mature substrate is obtained; (3) The decomposed substrate is exposed to the sun for 2 to 4 days from February to April, and then placed on the greenhouse seedling bed. Watering is performed to maintain the relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate at 50 to 70%. When the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between the fingers without dripping, and it will fall apart when it hits the ground. After 2 to 4 days of equilibrium, the composite substrate for cultivating Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

2. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step (1), Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 45-55:25-35:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5:3.5-4.5 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

3. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 2, wherein: In the step (1), Chinese fir sawdust, bamboo wood chips, paulownia sawdust, Rhus chinensis sawdust, Ligustrum lucidum sawdust, Cinnamomum camphora sawdust and Broussonetia papyrifera sawdust are mixed in a weight ratio of 50:30:4:4:4:4:4 to obtain miscellaneous wood sawdust.

4. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step (2), 50-75 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25-50 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the miscellaneous wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the color of pine bark changes from brown to black, and the color of rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, a mature matrix is ​​obtained.

5. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), 75 kg of miscellaneous wood sawdust, 25 kg of pine bark and 5 kg of rapeseed cake fertilizer are mixed evenly and placed in a greenhouse for fermentation for 60 days. When the miscellaneous wood sawdust changes from white to brown, the color of pine bark changes from brown to black, and the color of rapeseed cake fertilizer becomes darker, a mature matrix is ​​obtained.

6. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the particle size of the wood sawdust is 20-50 mesh, and the size of the pine bark is 1-3 cm.

7. The method for preparing the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the decomposed substrate is exposed to sunlight for 3 days in March, and then placed on a greenhouse seedling bed, and watered to maintain a relative moisture content of the decomposed substrate of 55-65%, so that when the decomposed substrate is grasped by hand, water can be seen between fingers without dripping, and it will disperse when it hits the ground. After 3 days of equilibrium, a composite substrate for cultivating Dendrobium nobile is obtained.

8. The use of the composite matrix for cultivating Dendrobium nobile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The Dendrobium nobile cultivation composite matrix can be used for cultivating Dendrobium nobile seedlings.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cultivation of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings is carried out according to the following steps: S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 90 to 110 days, have a seedling height of 3.5 to 6.5 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use; S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them to the greenhouse seedling bed with the composite matrix for Dendrobium nobile cultivation. The light intensity should be 70-80% relative to natural light. The seedling bed should be 1-1.5m wide, the group length should be 28-32m, the small area length should be 2.5-3.5m, there should be 0.8-1.2m protection rows at both ends of the seedling bed, and the row spacing should be 8-12cm×8-12cm.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The cultivation of the Dendrobium nobile seedlings is carried out according to the following steps: S1: Take the tissue culture rooted seedlings with the same growth, which have been hardened for 100 days, have a seedling height of 4 to 6 cm, 3 to 5 buds / clump, and are free of diseases and insect pests, and obtain the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings for use; S2: Take the treated tissue culture rooted seedlings and transplant them to the greenhouse seedling bed with the composite matrix for Dendrobium nobile cultivation. The light intensity is 75% of the natural light. The seedling bed is 1.2m wide, the group length is 30m, the plot length is 3m, there are 1m protection rows at both ends of the seedling bed, and the row spacing is 10cm×10cm. The greenhouse includes sunshade, timed sprinkler irrigation, cooling ventilation and environmental monitoring facilities.

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