Relay culture and rapid fattening method for oysters

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for relay culture and rapid fattening of oysters, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The method includes the following steps that to-be-fattened oysters are fattened and bred in an idle deepwater net cage feeding type fish breeding sea area in winter or / and spring through a buoyant raft longline cage, and during the fattening breeding period, when the meat percentage of the to-be-fattened oysters does not meet the marketing requirement and new shells of the to-be-fattened oysters grow vigorously, the to-be-fattened oysters are fed into the deepwater net cage feeding type fish breeding sea area through the buoyant raft longline cage. And washing and rolling the breeding cage of the buoyant raft longline hanging cage, and then continuing fattening breeding until the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened meets the marketing requirement. According to the method, a relay breeding mode is constructed by integrating ecological alternate breeding, offshore sea area longline hanging breeding technologies and a cross-region breeding mode, the advantage conditions of different stages and different regions are fully utilized, the defects in an existing oyster fattening technology are overcome, rapid and efficient fattening of oysters is achieved, and breeding benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the oyster farming industry has shown a booming development trend, and the scale of farming has continued to expand in coastal areas across the country. Oysters have attracted more and more farmers to join the industry due to their rich nutritional value, delicious taste and broad market demand. The farming area has increased year by year, and the farming density has also continued to rise. Taking my country's coastal areas as an example, from Fujian, Guangdong to Guangxi and other traditional oyster farming advantage production areas, farmers have expanded the scope of farming and increased the number of stockings in pursuit of higher production and economic benefits, and many new farming areas have also emerged.

[0003] However, with the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the problem of aquaculture capacity has become increasingly prominent and has had a serious negative impact on the quality of oyster products. In terms of bait supply, excessive oysters gather in a limited water space, making the originally relatively sufficient natural bait resources in short supply. Oysters are filter-feeding organisms that mainly rely on filtering plankton, organic debris, etc. in the water to obtain nutrients for growth. As the scale of aquaculture expands, the number of oysters in a unit of water is too large, resulting in a sharp decrease in the share of bait that each oyster can obtain, a slowdown in growth rate, limited individual development, uneven specifications, and obvious lack of fatness, which seriously affects the appearance and quality of the product and reduces market competitiveness.

[0004] In the aquaculture industry, oysters are important economic shellfish, and their fattening efficiency and quality improvement have always been the focus of farmers. Traditional oyster farming methods are often limited by multiple factors in terms of fattening speed, yield and product quality, and it is difficult to meet the market demand for high-quality oyster products. In view of this, the present invention provides a method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay farming. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture. The purpose is to build a relay culture model by integrating ecological rotation culture, offshore longline culture technology and cross-regional culture methods, make full use of the advantages of different stages and different regions, solve the shortcomings of existing oyster fattening technology, achieve rapid and efficient fattening of oysters, and improve the breeding benefits.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A method for fast fattening of oysters by relay culture comprises the following steps: fattening oysters to be fattened in a deep-water cage feeding fish culture sea area idle in winter or / and spring by means of a floating raft and longline cage; during the fattening culture period, when the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened does not meet the requirements for market launch and the new shells of the oysters to be fattened grow vigorously, washing and rolling the culture cages of the floating raft and longline cages, and then continuing the fattening culture until the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened meets the requirements for market launch.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0009] Furthermore, the oysters to be fattened are semi-finished oysters originating from sea areas with high aquaculture density, with a weight specification of more than 100g, a meat yield of less than 10%, and a fatness that does not meet the requirements for marketing.

[0010] Furthermore, the length of the longline in the floating raft longline cage is 100m-120m, the number of buoys is 100-120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 10m-12m, and each longline hangs 100-160 breeding cages.

[0011] Furthermore, the length of the longline of the floating raft longline cage is 120m, the number of buoys is 120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 12m, and each longline can hold 120 breeding cages.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the breeding cages has a height of 1.5m-2.0m, and is provided with 8-10 layers of trays from top to bottom, and the initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each of the breeding cages is 12kg-15kg.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the breeding cages has a height of 2.0 m and is provided with 10 layers of trays from top to bottom, and the initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each of the breeding cages is 15 kg.

[0014] Furthermore, the specific method of flushing and rolling the culture cages of the floating raft longline cage is: flushing and rolling the culture cages of the floating raft longline cage using the ship crane until the newly grown shell edges of the oysters to be fattened are worn away and the fouling organisms attached to the culture cages are removed.

[0015] Further, when the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline cage is washed and rolled by the ship crane, a high-pressure water pump is used to wash and roll the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline cage, and the water flow rate is 15-25m 3 / h, the tumbling frequency of the breeding cage is 20-30 circles / minute.

[0016] Furthermore, the fouling organisms include at least one of barnacles and mussels.

[0017] Furthermore, when the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened is greater than 15%, the requirements for marketability are met.

[0018] The present invention optimizes oyster fattening and aquaculture from multiple dimensions such as resource utilization, fattening efficiency and product quality improvement, as follows:

[0019] (1) Resource Utilization

[0020] Existing technologies mostly rely on conventional bait resources in natural sea areas or require additional purchase of artificial bait to meet the growth needs of oysters, and insufficiently utilize the rich nutrients contained in idle sea areas after other aquaculture has been carried out, resulting in waste of resources and increased costs. The present invention cleverly utilizes a large amount of phytoplankton nourished by fish excrement and residual bait in the idle sea areas after deep-water cage feeding and breeding of golden pomfret as natural bait for oysters, realizing efficient secondary utilization of idle sea area resources, while reducing dependence on external bait resources, effectively reducing breeding costs and improving overall resource utilization efficiency.

[0021] (2) Fattening efficiency

[0022] Traditional oyster farming methods lack effective and rapid fattening strategies for semi-finished oysters that do not meet market specifications, and often rely on natural growth conditions, resulting in a long fattening cycle that is difficult to meet the market's demand for timely supply. The present invention adopts a floating raft longline cage farming method, combined with precise farming management methods. For example, half a month after seedlings are planted, the ship's crane is used to flush and roll the farming cages in a timely manner according to the growth status of the oysters, and the newly grown shell edges (secondary shells) are worn away, prompting the oysters to concentrate their feeding energy on the growth of the soft part, significantly accelerating the fattening speed. Compared with the existing technology, oysters can reach the market fatness requirements (meat yield > 15%) in a shorter time (only about one month), greatly shortening the fattening cycle, improving the farming output efficiency, and providing the market with high-quality oyster products in a more timely manner.

[0023] (3) Breeding space and environment

[0024] In existing aquaculture technologies, some aquaculture models have problems such as unreasonable aquaculture space layout, poor control of aquaculture density, and lack of effective treatment methods for fouling organisms attached to aquaculture cages, which results in excessive oyster aquaculture capacity, limited individual growth space, and deterioration of the feeding environment, thus affecting the fattening effect and product quality. The present invention optimizes the spatial layout of floating raft and longline cage aquaculture, reasonably determines various aquaculture parameters, ensures that individual oysters have suitable growth space and sufficient opportunities to obtain bait, and avoids excessive competition between individuals. At the same time, by means of regular flushing and tumbling of aquaculture cages, it is possible to effectively remove fouling organisms such as barnacles and mussels attached, improve the feeding environment for oyster growth, ensure a good aquaculture environment, improve the fattening effect of oysters, and make product quality better, such as individual oysters that are enlarged, fuller, and more delicious, which are more competitive in the market and help farmers obtain higher economic benefits.

[0025] Combining the above advantages, the present invention optimizes oyster fattening and breeding from multiple dimensions such as resource utilization, fattening efficiency and product quality improvement, which not only improves the economic benefits of current breeding, but also lays a good foundation for the long-term sustainable development of oyster breeding by rationally utilizing idle resources and reducing environmental pressure during breeding. Compared with the existing technology, it is more in line with the development trend of green, efficient and sustainable modern aquaculture.

[0026] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that compared with the relatively slow fattening process and long growth cycle of traditional oysters, the present invention scientifically and rationally plans the breeding environment, breeding methods and management measures at different stages, breaking the limitations of conventional breeding, so that oysters can reach the ideal fatness in a relatively shorter time, speeding up the fattening process, effectively shortening the entire breeding cycle, and thus improving the output efficiency of breeding, allowing farmers to harvest more high-quality oyster products per unit time, improving breeding efficiency, and promoting high-quality development of the industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific technology or conditions are specified in the embodiments, the technology or conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions are used. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.

[0028] The present embodiment relates to a method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture, comprising the following steps: fattening oysters to be fattened in a deep-water cage feeding fish culture area idle in winter and / or spring by means of a floating raft and longline cage; during the fattening period, when the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened does not meet the requirements for market launch and the new shells of the oysters to be fattened grow vigorously, flushing and rolling the culture cages of the floating raft and longline cages, and then continuing the fattening culture until the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened meets the requirements for market launch.

[0029] Preferably, in this embodiment, the oysters to be fattened are semi-finished oysters originating from sea areas with high aquaculture density, with a weight specification of more than 100g, a meat yield of less than 10%, and a fatness that does not meet the requirements for marketing.

[0030] In this embodiment, the length of the longline in the floating raft longline hanging cage is preferably 100m-120m, the number of buoys is 100-120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 10m-12m, and each longline hangs 100-160 breeding cages. For example, the length of the longline of the floating raft longline hanging cage is 120m, the number of buoys is 120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 12m, and each longline hangs 120 breeding cages.

[0031] In this embodiment, each of the breeding cages is preferably 1.5m-2.0m high, and is provided with 8-10 layers of trays from top to bottom, and the initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each of the breeding cages is 12kg-15kg. For example, each of the breeding cages is 2.0m high, and is provided with 10 layers of trays from top to bottom, and the initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each of the breeding cages is 15kg.

[0032] In this embodiment, the specific method of flushing and rolling the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline hanging cage is: flushing and rolling the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline hanging cage by using the ship crane until the newly grown shell edge of the oysters to be fattened is worn away and the fouling organisms attached to the breeding cage are removed. For example, when flushing and rolling the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline hanging cage by using the ship crane, a water pressure pump is used to flush and roll the breeding cage of the floating raft and longline hanging cage, and the water flow rate is 15-25m 3 / h, and the rolling frequency of the culture cage is 20-30 times / minute. The fouling organisms include at least one of barnacles and mussels.

[0033] Preferably, in this embodiment, when the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened is greater than 15%, the requirements for marketing are met.

[0034] This embodiment specifically describes the selection of fattening sea area (cultivation environment), oysters to be fattened, cultivation method and cultivation density setting, and cultivation management:

[0035] (1) Selection of fattening sea area (breeding environment):

[0036] We choose deep-water cage-feeding fish farming areas that are idle in winter and / or spring. The large amount of fish excrement, leftover bait, organic particles and other substrates in the early stage nourish the massive reproduction of phytoplankton in this sea area, and the types and quantities of phytoplankton are very rich. Diatoms, green algae and other phytoplankton are rich in nutrients such as protein and fat, which constitute the high-quality natural bait required for the rapid fattening of oysters, laying a good material foundation for the growth and fattening of oysters.

[0037] (2) Oysters to be fattened:

[0038] Oyster semi-finished products that come from sea areas with high aquaculture density, weigh more than 100g, have a meat yield of less than 10%, and whose fatness does not meet the requirements for listing.

[0039] (3) Breeding method and breeding density setting:

[0040] The raft longline cage culture is adopted, with a longline length of 120m, 120 floats, and a raft rope spacing of 10-12m; the culture cage is 1.5-2.0m high, with 8-10 layers of trays, each cage holds 12-15kg of oysters, an average of about 1.5kg per layer, and 120 cages are suspended on each rope. Through such a culture space layout and hanging density design, the culture water space can be fully utilized, and each oyster individual can be guaranteed to have a relatively suitable growth space and the opportunity to obtain bait during the fattening process, so as to achieve the optimal use of the culture space.

[0041] (4) Breeding management:

[0042] The unique algae resource advantage of the feeding and breeding sea area is an important guarantee for the relay fattening of oysters. After the oysters that meet the above requirements are caged according to the above breeding density, they are hung in the above sea area for fattening. Half a month after the seedlings are released, the fatness and growth status of the oysters are checked. When the oyster meat yield does not meet the market requirements and the new shells grow vigorously. Perform the following key operations: Use the ship crane to flush the tumbling breeding cages. Its main functions are to wear off the newly grown shell edges (secondary shells) so that the main energy of the oysters' feeding is concentrated on the growth of the soft part, accelerating the fattening efficiency; second, clean the breeding cages and effectively remove the fouling organisms (barnacles, mussels, etc.) attached to the cages, providing a good feeding environment for fattening oysters. After this operation and another month of breeding, the fatness of the oysters can meet the market requirements (meat yield > 15%).

[0043] This embodiment optimizes oyster fattening and aquaculture from multiple dimensions such as resource utilization, fattening efficiency and product quality improvement, which not only improves the economic benefits of current aquaculture, but also lays a good foundation for the long-term sustainable development of oyster aquaculture by rationally utilizing idle resources and reducing environmental pressure during aquaculture. Compared with the existing technology, it is more in line with the development trend of green, efficient and sustainable modern aquaculture. The following is further explained with specific embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment 1:

[0045] On November 10, 2023, 20,000 kilograms of thin oysters were purchased from the high-density breeding area in Zhao'an, Fujian for fattening breeding. The average specifications of the sampled oysters were: shell height 10.3 cm, wet weight 134.5 g, soft weight 12.2 g, and meat yield 9.1% (Table 1); the specific method of sampling measurement was: randomly sampling 30 oysters, measuring the shell height of the oysters with a vernier caliper, weighing the wet weight and soft weight of the oysters with an electronic balance, and calculating the meat yield using statistical data; Meat yield (%) = soft weight / wet weight × 100%.

[0046] The fattening oysters were placed in a 2.0m high breeding cage with 10 layers of trays, 15kg of oysters per cage, and an average of about 1.5kg per layer. After the cages were filled, the oysters were suspended in the idle golden pomfret breeding sea area of ​​the cooperative enterprise in Bailong Pearl Bay, Fangchenggang, Guangxi. The floating raft longline cage was used for breeding. The longline was 120m long, 120 cages per rope, and the spacing between raft ropes was 12m. After half a month of fattening, the fatness and growth status of the oysters were measured by sampling inspection. The average specifications were: shell height 10.8, wet weight 143.7, soft weight 16.7, and meat yield 11.7% (Table 2). The results showed that the fatness of the oysters had been significantly improved, but it had not yet reached the requirements for market specifications. At this time, the new shell side of the oysters grew vigorously, and the key operation of rapid fattening was performed: using the ship crane to wash and roll the breeding cages. Wear off the newly grown shell edge (secondary shell) so that the main energy of the oysters' feeding is concentrated on the growth of the soft part, accelerating the fattening efficiency. This operation also cleans the breeding cages, effectively removing fouling organisms such as barnacles and mussels attached to the cages, and providing a good feeding environment for fattening oysters. After this operation, the oysters were cultured for another month, and the fatness and growth status of the oysters were measured by sampling and inspection. The average specifications were: shell height 11.0cm, wet weight 158.5g, soft weight 27.7g, and meat yield 17.5% (Table 3). The fatness of the oysters reached the market requirements and could be put on the market for sale.

[0047] Table 1 Sampling test data of fattening oyster specifications

[0048] Serial number Shell height (cm) Wet weight(g) Soft weight(g) Meat yield 1 9.0 131.6 12.2 9.3％ 2 9.8 159.8 15.0 9.4％ 3 10.3 130.5 11.3 8.7％ 4 10.4 138.0 14.0 10.1％ 5 9.9 122.3 10.5 8.6％ 6 7.2 126.7 12.3 9.7％ 7 10.3 121.8 13.1 10.8％ 8 12.0 141.2 11.6 8.2％ 9 10.8 144.6 13.4 9.3％ 10 9.8 148.1 12.4 8.4％ 11 10.3 123.2 12.2 9.9％ 12 7.3 121.4 11.7 9.6％ 13 9.6 137.9 14.1 10.2％ 14 9.3 127.0 11.4 9.0％ 15 9.7 153.6 11.8 7.7％ 16 10.5 129.7 12.8 9.9％ 17 11.2 123.5 11.5 9.3％ 18 10.3 131.1 11.1 8.5％ 19 11.4 131.0 11.1 8.5％ 20 7.9 129.8 11.4 8.8％ 21 13.2 127.0 11.2 8.8％ 22 11.8 154.3 11.4 7.4％ 23 11.4 132.1 13.5 10.2％ 24 11.1 124.8 10.7 8.6％ 25 12.3 141.7 16.0 11.3％ 26 8.6 141.5 10.4 7.3％ 27 12.3 127.4 11.0 8.6％ 28 10.0 135.0 12.4 9.2％ 29 11.4 140.1 13.1 9.4％ 30 8.6 138.4 12.8 9.2％ Mean 10.3 134.5 12.2 9.1％

[0049] Table 2 Sampling test data of oyster specifications after half a month of fattening

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Table 3 Sampling and testing data of oyster size after one month of fattening with key operations

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] This comparative example has the same steps as Example 1 except that the onboard crane is not used to flush and tumble the breeding cages.

[0057] On November 10, 2023, 20,000 jin of thin oysters were purchased from the high-density breeding area in Zhao'an, Fujian for fattening breeding. The average specifications of the oysters sampled and measured were: shell height 10.3cm, wet weight 134.5g, soft weight 12.2g, and meat yield 9.1% (Table 1). The fattening oysters were placed in a 2.0m high breeding cage with 10 layers of trays, each cage containing 15kg of oysters, and an average of about 1.5kg per layer. After the cage was loaded, the oysters were suspended in the idle golden pomfret breeding area of ​​the cooperative enterprise in Bailong Pearl Bay, Fangchenggang, Guangxi. The floating raft longline cage was used for breeding. The longline was 120m long, with 120 cages per rope, and the raft rope spacing was 12m. After half a month of fattening, the fatness and growth of oysters were measured by sampling inspection. The average specifications were: shell height 10.8, wet weight 143.7, soft weight 16.7, and meat yield 11.7% (Table 2). The results showed that the fatness of oysters had been significantly improved, but it had not yet reached the requirements for market specifications, and the new shells of oysters were growing vigorously at this time. Continue to cultivate for another month, and sample inspection to measure the fatness and growth of oysters. The average specifications were: shell height 11.9cm, wet weight 155.7g, soft weight 19.8g, and meat yield 12.7% (Table 4). The fatness of oysters did not meet the requirements for market specifications, and the breeding cages were full of fouling organisms such as barnacles and mussels. The service life of the breeding cages was reduced, the breeding costs increased, and the benefits decreased.

[0058] Table 4 Sampling and testing data of oyster size after continuous fattening for one month without key operations

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Comparative Example 2:

[0062] This comparative example adopts in situ breeding monitoring.

[0063] On November 10, 2023, the average specifications of oysters sampled and measured in the high-density aquaculture area of ​​Zhao'an, Fujian Province were: shell height 10.3cm, wet weight 134.5g, soft weight 12.2g, and meat yield 9.1% (Table 1), and the fatness was far from meeting the requirements for market specifications. After continuing to culture in situ and in the same way for one and a half months, the average specifications of oysters sampled and measured again were: shell height 11.3cm, wet weight 145.5g, soft weight 16.4g, and meat yield 11.2% (Table 5), and the fatness did not meet the requirements for market specifications.

[0064] Table 5 Oyster size sampling data after one and a half months of continuous culture in situ method

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: fattening oysters to be fattened in a deep-water cage feeding fish culture sea area idle in winter or / and spring by means of a floating raft and longline cage; during the fattening culture period, when the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened does not meet the requirements for marketing and the new shells of the oysters to be fattened grow vigorously, flushing and rolling the culture cages of the floating raft and longline cages, and then continuing the fattening culture until the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened meets the requirements for marketing.

2. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oysters to be fattened are semi-finished oysters originating from sea areas with high aquaculture density, with a weight specification of more than 100g, a meat yield of less than 10%, and a fatness that does not meet the requirements for marketing.

3. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the longline in the floating raft longline hanging cage is 100m-120m, the number of buoys is 100-120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 10m-12m, and each longline hangs 100-160 breeding cages.

4. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the longline of the floating raft longline cage is 120m, the number of buoys is 120, the distance between two adjacent raft ropes is 12m, and each longline hangs 120 breeding cages.

5. A method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The height of each breeding cage is 1.5m-2.0m, and 8-10 layers of trays are arranged from top to bottom. The initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each breeding cage is 12kg-15kg.

6. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of each of the breeding cages is 2.0 m, and there are 10 layers of trays from top to bottom. The initial weight of the oysters to be fattened in each of the breeding cages is 15 kg.

7. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method of flushing and rolling the culture cage of the floating raft longline cage is: using the ship crane to flush and roll the culture cage of the floating raft longline cage until the newly grown shell edges of the oysters to be fattened are worn away and the fouling organisms attached to the culture cage are removed.

8. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the onboard crane is used to wash and roll the breeding cages of the floating raft and longline cage, a high-pressure water pump is used to wash and roll the breeding cages of the floating raft and longline cage, and the water flow rate is 15-25m 3 / h, the tumbling frequency of the breeding cage is 20-30 circles / minute.

9. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fouling organisms include at least one of barnacles and mussels.

10. The method for rapid fattening of oysters by relay culture according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the meat yield of the oysters to be fattened is greater than 15%, the requirements for marketing are met.

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