Short-process preparation method of nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal layered composite materials, and particularly relates to a short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material. Nickel oxide powder is evenly laid on the lower layer of a square nickel boat, the nickel oxide powder layer is evenly covered with a layer of copper oxide powder, finally, the copper oxide powder layer is evenly covered with a layer of nickel oxide powder, and the top and the bottom of the square nickel boat are each of a porous structure so that gas circulation can be facilitated; and the nickel boat is placed in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace to be subjected to reduction sintering, a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite plate blank is obtained, rolling is directly conducted after sintering is completed, and finally the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material foil is obtained through cold rolling machining. The superfine nickel oxide powder and the copper oxide powder are subjected to hydrogen reduction sintering to obtain the superfine grain nickel layer and the superfine grain copper layer, and the foil is excellent in mechanical property; the nickel layer and the copper layer are sintered and diffused to realize atomic-level strong metallurgical bonding, and the interface bonding strength is high; and rolling is directly carried out after sintering is completed, plate blanks do not need to be preheated again, and the production efficiency can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal layered composite materials, and in particular relates to a short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material. Technical Background

[0002] The positive and negative electrodes of new energy batteries need to be electrically connected to the battery shell through the tabs, and the tab materials need to meet the requirements of high conductivity, high stability and high safety. Nickel has good conductivity, good weldability and processability, which can meet the manufacturing process requirements of the tabs. At the same time, it has good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and can withstand large current and temperature changes during battery charging and discharging. On the whole, nickel is the only choice for tab materials for new energy batteries. With the increase of battery energy density, the performance requirements for tab materials are further improved. The tab materials are manufactured by the nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite design concept, which can improve the conductivity. Generally, cold rolling composite technology is used to prepare nickel-copper-nickel layered composite materials. The increase in temperature during service will cause the grain structure of the composite material to recrystallize and grow, resulting in performance degradation. At the same time, the interface bonding strength of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite materials manufactured by cold rolling composite is low. Cyclic thermal stress during service is easy to cause interlayer separation, affecting the safety of battery use. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a short-process preparation method for a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material. The nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material prepared by the present invention has high strength and strong interface bonding force, which can not only solve the problem that the mechanical properties and interface bonding properties of traditional laminated composite foils do not meet the use requirements, but also shorten the processing cycle and improve the manufacturing efficiency.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is: A short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material comprises the following steps: (1) Evenly spread nickel oxide powder on the lower layer of a square nickel boat, evenly cover the nickel oxide powder layer with a layer of copper oxide powder, and evenly cover the copper oxide powder layer with a layer of nickel oxide powder. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; (2) placing a square nickel boat containing nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab; (3) The sintered nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite sheet is directly rolled, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil is obtained by cold rolling.

[0005] Furthermore, the average particle size of the nickel oxide powder and the copper oxide powder in step (1) is 0.2-5 μm.

[0006] Furthermore, in step (1), the thickness ratio of the single-layer nickel oxide powder layer to the copper oxide powder layer is 1:1 to 5:1.

[0007] Furthermore, the hydrogen flow rate in step (2) is 1-5 L / min.

[0008] Furthermore, the reduction sintering temperature in step (2) is 500-900°C, and the holding time is 30-180 minutes.

[0009] Furthermore, the thickness of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material foil in step (3) is 0.05-0.5 mm.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention reduces and sinters ultrafine nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder through hydrogen to obtain ultrafine-grained nickel layer and copper layer, so that the product has excellent mechanical properties; the nickel layer and the copper layer are metallurgically bonded at the atomic level through sintering diffusion, and the nickel-copper interface bonding strength is high.

[0011] 2. The process flow of the present invention is short, and rolling can be carried out directly after sintering is completed, without the need to preheat the slab, thus saving energy consumption, shortening the production cycle, and greatly improving production efficiency. It has important application prospects in the field of layered composite materials such as new energy battery tabs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0013] Example 1 A short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material comprises the following steps: (1) Nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 50 mm and an average particle size of 0.2 μm is evenly laid on the lower layer of the square nickel boat, and a layer of copper oxide powder with a thickness of 50 mm and an average particle size of 1.5 μm is evenly covered on the nickel oxide powder layer. Finally, a layer of nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 50 mm and an average particle size of 0.2 μm is evenly covered on the copper oxide powder layer. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; (2) Placing a square nickel boat filled with nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering, the hydrogen flow rate is 1 L / min, the reduction sintering temperature is 500°C, and the holding time is 180 min to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab; (3) The sintered nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite sheet is directly rolled, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil is obtained by multiple cold rolling processes. The thickness of the nickel layer, copper layer and nickel layer in the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil are 0.02 mm, 0.01 mm and 0.02 mm respectively. According to the mechanical property test, the tensile strength of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil reaches 695 MPa, and the interlayer bonding is tight, which meets the technical requirements for layered composite materials in the fields of new energy battery pole pieces.

[0014] Example 2 A short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material comprises the following steps: (1) Nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 100 mm and an average particle size of 2 μm is evenly laid on the lower layer of the square nickel boat, and a layer of copper oxide powder with a thickness of 20 mm and an average particle size of 0.2 μm is evenly covered on the nickel oxide powder layer. Finally, a layer of nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 100 mm and an average particle size of 5 μm is evenly covered on the copper oxide powder layer. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; (2) Placing a square nickel boat filled with nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering, the hydrogen flow rate is 5 L / min, the reduction sintering temperature is 700°C, and the holding time is 90 min to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab; (3) The sintered nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite sheet is directly rolled, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel laminated composite foil is obtained by multiple cold rolling processes. The thickness of the nickel layer, copper layer and nickel layer in the nickel-copper-nickel laminated composite foil are 0.2 mm, 0.06 mm and 0.2 mm respectively. According to the mechanical property test, the tensile strength of the nickel-copper-nickel laminated composite foil reaches 492 MPa, and the interlayer bonding is tight, which meets the technical requirements for laminated composite materials in the fields of new energy battery pole pieces.

[0015] Example 3 A short-process preparation method of a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material comprises the following steps: (1) Nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 60 mm and an average particle size of 5 μm is evenly laid on the lower layer of the square nickel boat, and a layer of copper oxide powder with a thickness of 20 mm and an average particle size of 5 μm is evenly covered on the nickel oxide powder layer. Finally, a layer of nickel oxide powder with a thickness of 60 mm and an average particle size of 2 μm is evenly covered on the copper oxide powder layer. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; (2) Placing a square nickel boat filled with nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering, the hydrogen flow rate is 3 L / min, the reduction sintering temperature is 900°C, and the holding time is 30 min to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab; (3) The sintered nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite sheet is directly rolled, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil is obtained by multiple cold rolling processes. The thickness of the nickel layer, copper layer and nickel layer in the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil are 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm respectively. According to the mechanical property test, the tensile strength of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil reaches 580 MPa, and the interlayer bonding is very tight, which meets the technical requirements for layered composite materials in the fields of new energy battery pole pieces.

[0016] The present invention evenly spreads nickel oxide powder on the lower layer of a square nickel boat, evenly covers a layer of copper oxide powder on the nickel oxide powder layer, and finally evenly covers a layer of nickel oxide powder on the copper oxide powder layer. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; the square nickel boat is placed in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab, which is directly rolled after sintering, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material foil is obtained through cold rolling. The present invention reduces and sinters ultrafine nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder through hydrogen to obtain an ultrafine-grained nickel layer and a copper layer, and the nickel layer and the copper layer are strongly metallurgically bonded at the atomic level through sintering diffusion. After sintering, rolling is directly performed without re-preheating the slab, saving energy consumption, shortening the production cycle, and greatly improving production efficiency.

[0017] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific implementation methods are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-process preparation method for a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Evenly spread nickel oxide powder on the lower layer of a square nickel boat, evenly cover the nickel oxide powder layer with a layer of copper oxide powder, and evenly cover the copper oxide powder layer with a layer of nickel oxide powder. The top and bottom of the square nickel boat are porous structures to facilitate gas circulation; (2) placing a square nickel boat containing nickel oxide powder and copper oxide powder in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace for reduction sintering to obtain a nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite slab; (3) The sintered nickel-copper-nickel three-layer composite sheet is directly rolled, and finally a nickel-copper-nickel layered composite foil is obtained by cold rolling.

2. The short-process preparation method of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The average particle size of the nickel oxide powder and the copper oxide powder in step (1) is 0.2-5 μm.

3. The short-process preparation method of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness ratio of the single-layer nickel oxide powder layer to the copper oxide powder layer in step (1) is 1:1 to 5:

1.

4. The short-process preparation method of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen flow rate in step (2) is 1-5 L / min.

5. The short-process preparation method of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reduction sintering temperature in step (2) is 500-900°C, and the holding time is 30-180 min.

6. The short-process preparation method of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the nickel-copper-nickel layered composite material foil in step (3) is 0.05-0.5 mm.