Tooth profile machining method for gear honing or gear shaving

Abstract

The invention discloses a tooth profile machining method for gear honing or gear shaving, which solves the problems that in the prior art, the tooth profile machining difficulty of gear honing or gear shaving is large, the feasibility is weak, and a product subjected to gear honing or gear shaving cannot be in a stable and qualified tooth profile state, and specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, judging the tooth part state of a to-be-machined blank tooth; and 2, the corresponding to-be-machined blank tooth is machined according to the tooth part state judgment result. After the tooth part states of the blank teeth are finely classified, different machining parameters are adopted for machining according to the different tooth part states, the feasibility is high, the tooth part precision and the reject ratio of machined products are improved, and the products obtained after gear honing or gear shaving machining can be in the stable and qualified tooth shape state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to gear shaving and gear honing, and in particular to a tooth profile processing method for gear honing or gear shaving. Background Art

[0002] The processing principles of gear shaving and gear honing are basically the same, both of which involve a pair of staggered gears with no gap transmission. Due to defects in the processing principle, when the gear has a low overlap during gear shaving and gear honing, the gear tooth profile will tend to be "S" or "ε" shaped. The greater the processing extrusion deformation force, the greater the deviation from the required ideal tooth profile "|" or "C" shape.

[0003] At present, the tooth shape control strategy mainly adopted by the existing technology is to improve the processing overlap, reduce the processing extrusion deformation, and at the same time combine the control to improve the rough tooth shape accuracy, so that the honing or shaving processing state is as close to the ideal state as possible. Due to the influence of many uncontrollable and unstable factors in the processing process, it is impossible to keep the rough tooth shape in such a state. Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) The ideal state or acceptable relatively stable state is often in the state of Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) shows an asymmetric state which is not conducive to gear honing or gear shaving processing, and, as Figure 3 As shown, the tooth shape of the rough workpiece often changes continuously with the processing time, making the honing or shaving tool repair ineffective; making its tooth shape processing difficult and unfeasible, and unable to make the product after honing or shaving processing in a stable and qualified tooth shape state.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN103231125B discloses "A New Gear Honing Processing Method". The invention utilizes a specially designed honing wheel. The even-numbered tooth surface II on the same side of the honing wheel axis plane is thinner than the odd-numbered tooth surface I. During honing, the overlap between the honing wheel and the processed gear is less than or equal to 1, ensuring that the cutting force from the tooth top to the tooth root remains constant when honing each tooth surface; but its feasibility is still too weak. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the tooth profile processing of gear honing or gear shaving is difficult, has poor feasibility, and cannot ensure that the product after gear honing or gear shaving is in a stable and qualified tooth profile state, the present invention provides a tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A tooth profile processing method for gear honing or gear shaving, which is special in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Determine the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed, the tooth state includes:

[0009] A. The total tooth profile deviation Fa of the blank tooth to be processed is ≤0.015;

[0010] B. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L ≤0.006 and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R ≤0.006;

[0011] C. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |≤0.004, and the vertical distance Δr between the concave point in the left tooth profile shape and the concave point in the right tooth profile shape in the radius direction of the rough tooth to be processed is ≤0.2*H; H is the effective tooth height of the corresponding gear tooth;

[0012] D. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015; the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, and the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |>0.004 or Δr>0.2*H;

[0013] Step 2, processing the corresponding rough teeth to be processed according to the tooth state judgment result;

[0014] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm to 80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev to 0.4 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with the tooth state A is processed;

[0015] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm-80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev-0.4 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with the tooth state B is processed;

[0016] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 140 rpm-160 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.15 mm / rev-0.25 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is 0.02 mm-0.03 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with a tooth state of C is processed;

[0017] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is D, adjust the processing parameters of the previous process to convert its state to A, B or C for further processing.

[0018] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is A, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.025 mm.

[0019] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the cutting speed is set to 70 rpm.

[0020] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is A, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.35 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.01 mm.

[0021] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.045 mm.

[0022] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the cutting speed is set to 70 rpm.

[0023] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is B, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.35 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.01 mm.

[0024] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.045 mm.

[0025] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the cutting speed is set to 150 rpm.

[0026] Further, in step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is C, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.2 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.03 mm.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] 1. The present invention provides a tooth shape processing method for honing or shaving, which classifies the tooth state of the rough tooth into detailed categories and adopts different processing parameters for processing according to different tooth states. It has strong feasibility, improves the tooth accuracy and defective rate of the processed product, and can make the product after honing or shaving processing in a stable and qualified tooth shape state.

[0029] 2. The tooth profile processing method of honing or shaving provided by the present invention does not require a large amount of cost investment. However, in order to obtain better accuracy and yield rate, the existing technology requires that the Fa and ffa errors of the blank teeth be as small as possible, which greatly increases the investment in equipment, tools, manpower, and testing resources for blank processing.

[0030] 3. The ratio of rough processing equipment for blank teeth to shaving and honing equipment on the production line is generally more than 2:1. The blank teeth produced by different rough processing equipment must have different tooth conditions, and there must be asymmetric tooth shapes such as large differences in left and right ffa and large differences in the position of the middle concave. The existing technology cannot effectively deal with this condition. The classification control method proposed in the present invention can effectively solve this problem.

[0031] 4. When the tooth state of the present invention is A, the machining single-side allowance is reduced by 45% compared with the prior art, thereby improving the machining efficiency and tool life in this state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a rough tooth profile diagram of honing or shaving, wherein (a) is a rough tooth profile diagram with symmetrical tooth profiles on the left and right sides, and (b) is a rough tooth profile diagram with approximately symmetrical tooth profiles on the left and right sides;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a tooth profile diagram when honing or shaving is not conducive to processing, among which (a) and (b) are two tooth profile diagrams with completely asymmetrical tooth shapes on the left and right sides respectively;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a graph showing the changing process of the rough tooth shape as the processing time goes by;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of a tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the specific directions of Δr and H in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The principles of gear shaving and gear honing are basically the same, both involve a pair of staggered gears with no gap transmission. When the overlap during processing is less than 1.75, the tooth shape after processing is affected by the tooth shape accuracy and processing parameters before processing in both processing methods, especially in gear shaving. At the same time, with the influence of some processing factors, both processing methods will produce different degrees of "concave" phenomenon. By using this phenomenon and its generation law, when the rough tooth shape is conducive to processing, a strategy of suppressing the "concave" is adopted; when the rough is in a state before shaving and honing, the "concave" phenomenon will be suppressed. Figure 2 and / Figure 3 When the unfavorable and unstable state is reached, the strategy of amplifying the "concave" phenomenon is adopted to make the processing state close to that without tool modification. Figure 1 The acceptable state of (b) is combined with the reverse compensation of the shaving and honing tool to achieve a stable product that meets the precision requirements after shaving and honing.

[0039] This embodiment is based on the above concept. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the following tooth shape control strategy after processing is adopted in the production and processing of gear shaving and gear honing:

[0040] Strategy 1: When the rough tooth shape is in a stable state before processing, no matter what the tooth shape is Figure 1 (a) shows better accuracy or Figure 1 (b) When the tooth profile is poor but the left and right shapes are symmetrical, the processing parameters such as low allowance, low speed, and low feed are used to suppress the generation of "center concave", so that the tooth profile accuracy of the blank before processing becomes the main influencing factor of the accuracy after processing, ensuring that the gear can maintain stable and good tooth profile accuracy after shaving and honing;

[0041] Strategy 2: When the processing Figure 2 , Figure 3 When the tooth profile shown is poor in accuracy, asymmetric, and unstable, large allowance, high speed, and low feed processing parameters are used to amplify the "concave" phenomenon caused by the processing parameters, making it dominant. The resulting "concave" tooth profile covers the irregular and unstable tooth profile before processing. At this time, the processing state changes from unstable to Figure 1 The stability shown in (b), combined with the reverse compensation design of the shaving and honing tool, can ensure that the tooth shape after processing is stable and has qualified tooth shape accuracy.

[0042] The specific processing process includes the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Determine the tooth state of the blank tooth. The tooth state includes:

[0044] A. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank tooth to be processed Fa≤0.015; it is not necessary to judge the correlation of ffa and the position of the concave point (the state is symmetrical, the accuracy is good, and it is accepted);

[0045] B. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L ≤0.006 and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R ≤0.006; no need to judge the FFA difference and the position of the concave point (the state is symmetrical, the accuracy is poor, and it is accepted);

[0046] C. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |≤0.004, and Δr≤0.2*H; Figure 5 As shown, Δr is the vertical distance between the concave point in the left tooth profile shape and the concave point in the right tooth profile shape in the radius direction of the blank tooth to be processed, and H is the effective tooth height of the corresponding gear tooth; (the state is asymmetric, the accuracy is poor, and it is acceptable);

[0047] D. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015; the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, and the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |>0.004 or Δr>0.2*H; (the state is asymmetric, the accuracy is poor, and it is not accepted);

[0048] Step 2, processing the corresponding rough teeth to be processed according to the tooth state judgment result;

[0049] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm-80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev-0.4 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with a tooth state of A is processed; in this embodiment, a smaller processing single-side allowance and processing parameters that are not prone to producing concave can be set, specifically: the processing single-side allowance is 0.025 mm, the cutting speed is 70 rpm, the axial feed speed is 0.35 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is 0.01 mm.

[0050] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm-80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev-0.4 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with a tooth state of B is processed; in this embodiment, more processing single-side allowances and processing parameters that are not prone to producing concave can be set, specifically: the processing single-side allowance is 0.045 mm, the cutting speed is 70 rpm, the axial feed speed is 0.35 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is 0.01 mm.

[0051] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the processing unilateral allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 140 rpm-160 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.15 mm / rev-0.25 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is 0.02 mm-0.03 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with a tooth state of C is processed; in this embodiment, more processing unilateral allowances and processing parameters that are easy to produce concave can be set, specifically: the processing unilateral allowance is 0.045 mm, the cutting speed is 150 rpm, and the axial feed speed is 0.2 mm / rev. The single radial feed amount is 0.03 mm.

[0052] When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is D, honing or shaving is not allowed. The processing parameters of the previous process need to be improved to convert its state to A, B or C before processing.

[0053] For the rough tooth state with poor tooth shape accuracy and asymmetric tooth shape to be processed, this embodiment adopts high speed, small axial feed, and large radial feed, which are easy to produce concave processing parameters, so that the tooth shape of the rough tooth after processing becomes the B state with poor accuracy and symmetry, and cooperates with the reverse compensation processing of the tool tooth shape.

[0054] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tooth profile processing method for gear honing or gear shaving, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Determine the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed, the tooth state includes: A. The total tooth profile deviation Fa of the blank tooth to be processed is ≤ 0.015; B. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L ≤0.006 and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R ≤0.006; C. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015, and the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |≤0.004, and the vertical distance Δr between the concave point in the left tooth profile shape and the concave point in the right tooth profile shape in the radius direction of the rough tooth to be processed is ≤0.2*H; H is the effective tooth height of the corresponding gear tooth; D. The total deviation of the tooth profile of the blank to be processed is Fa>0.015; the shape deviation of the tooth profile on the left side is ffa L and right side tooth profile shape deviation ffa R At least one of them is greater than 0.006, and the difference in tooth shape error between the left and right teeth |ffa L -ffa R |>0.004 or Δr>0.2*H; Step 2, processing the corresponding rough teeth to be processed according to the tooth state judgment result; When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm to 80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev to 0.4 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with the tooth state A is processed; When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 60 rpm-80 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.3 mm / rev-0.4 mm / rev, and the single radial feed amount is less than 0.02 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with the tooth state B is processed; When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the machining single-side allowance is set to 0.04 mm-0.05 mm, the cutting speed is 140 rpm-160 rpm, the workpiece axial feed speed is 0.15 mm / rev-0.25 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is 0.02 mm-0.03 mm, and the rough tooth to be processed with a tooth state of C is processed; When the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is D, adjust the processing parameters of the previous process to convert its state to A, B or C for further processing.

2. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.025 mm.

3. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is A, the cutting speed is set to 70 rpm.

4. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is A, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.35 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.01 mm.

5. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.045 mm.

6. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is B, the cutting speed is set to 70 rpm.

7. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is B, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.35 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.01 mm.

8. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the processing single-side allowance is set to 0.045 mm.

9. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be processed is C, the cutting speed is set to 150 rpm.

10. The tooth profile processing method of gear honing or gear shaving according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 2, when the tooth state of the rough tooth to be machined is C, the axial feed speed of the workpiece is set to 0.2 mm / rev and the single radial feed amount is set to 0.03 mm.

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