Flame-retardant plate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant board and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite boards. The flame-retardant plate is prepared from the following raw materials: collagen fiber powder and a plate material, the collagenous fiber powder is prepared from the following raw materials: collagenous fibers, protease and a metal salt tanning agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of protease treatment, metal salt treatment, collagen fiber powder preparation and plate preparation. The ignition time of a product plate can be effectively prolonged, so that the flame-retardant effect is exerted, and longer window time is provided to prevent, stop and delay the occurrence of a fire; and when a fire occurs, longer fire extinguishing, rescue and escape time can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of composite panels, and in particular to a flame retardant panel and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Faced with the increasingly troublesome white pollution problem, composite materials such as wood-plastic materials and rice-plastic materials that use natural renewable resources to partially replace plastics have always been considered one of the ideal ways to alleviate white pollution. At the same time, the use of biomass materials including sawdust, peanut shells, crop straw, waste wood and rice husk waste to prepare composite materials that can meet daily life needs has attracted much attention. However, since plastics are flammable and wood cellulose materials are also flammable, the flame retardant modification of wood-plastic materials and rice-plastic materials has attracted much attention.

[0003] Currently, most of the conventional flame retardant modification methods for board materials use expanded graphite, polyphosphate and other materials, which play a flame retardant role by delaying the transfer of heat, cutting off the chain reaction, reducing the release of toxic and harmful gases after the combustion starts. However, there is no effective change in the delay of the material ignition time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a flame-retardant board and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively prolong the ignition time of the product board, thereby exerting its flame retardant effect and providing a longer window time to prevent, stop, and delay the occurrence of fire; when a fire occurs, it can also provide a longer fire extinguishing, rescue, and escape time.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides a flame retardant board, which is prepared from raw materials including the following components: collagen fiber powder, and board material;

[0007] The collagen fiber powder is prepared from raw materials including the following components: collagen fiber, protease, and metal salt tanning agent.

[0008] The present application also provides a method for preparing the flame retardant sheet, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] Protease treatment: Disperse collagen fibers in water, adjust the pH and temperature of the system to the optimal environment for protease, add protease to treat the collagen fibers, and obtain the first fiber material.

[0010] Metal salt treatment: the first fiber material is dispersed in water, the pH of the system is adjusted, a metal salt tanning agent is added and mixed (the mixing time is based on uniform penetration), and then alkali is extracted to obtain a second fiber material;

[0011] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying and crushing the second fiber material to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0012] Board preparation: The prepared collagen fiber powder is mixed with the board material, and the board product is prepared after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0014] In view of the above aspects, the embodiments of the present application provide a flame-retardant board and a preparation method thereof; the product board is prepared from collagen fiber powder and board material; the composite board is modified by introducing collagen fibers to extend the ignition time of the product board (the time from when the material is exposed to the fire source to when it starts to burn continuously), thereby achieving a flame-retardant effect, thereby enabling people to have sufficient reaction time to prevent and stop the fire, and when a fire does occur, it can also provide sufficient time for firefighting and escape, thereby ensuring the safety of life and property.

[0015] In the process, by dispersing collagen fibers in water and treating them with proteases, the three-dimensional multi-level structure of the collagen fibers can be fully exposed, so that they can form a network in the product composite material, thereby better inhibiting the material from being ignited; by modifying the collagen fibers with metal salt tanning agents, the fixation effect of the collagen fibers can be enhanced, the structure can be stable, and the structure will not collapse at the initial stage of the material being heated, thereby extending the winding time of the material; specifically, the collagen fibers after protease dispersion treatment and metal salt fixation treatment have a stable three-dimensional multi-level structure, which can effectively entangle with the grass particles and the polymer as the continuous phase, on the one hand, forming a physical cross-linking effect; on the other hand, the tanning metal will coordinate with the wood cellulose on the grass particles, playing a role of coordination cross-linking. The generation of cross-linking itself helps to improve the thermal stability of the material, making it difficult to ignite. In addition, for the combustion of wood-plastic / grass-plastic materials, the plastic as the continuous phase is generally melted first, then gradually depolymerized, and then decomposed into combustible gas to trigger combustion. Collagen fibers have a certain ability to capture plastic fragments produced by gradual depolymerization (especially plastic macromolecules whose decomposition process is driven by free radicals), delaying their decomposition into small molecular combustible gas levels.

[0016] Therefore, by using the prepared collagen fiber powder to modify the composite board material, a product board with flame retardant effect is obtained. The material has a long ignition time and can provide a longer window time to prevent, stop, and delay the occurrence of fire; when a fire occurs, it can also provide a longer fire extinguishing, rescue, and escape time, which helps to protect the safety of life and property.

[0017] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned collagen fibers come from solid waste leather materials generated during the leather making process.

[0018] In the above embodiments, the solid waste leather materials generated in the leather making process include leather scraps, trimming materials, ground leather materials, leather shavings, etc.; the materials are widely available and easy to obtain, which can effectively reduce the cost of raw materials and achieve a high recovery rate of waste resources. It is green and environmentally friendly and has high economic value.

[0019] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the optimum pH of the above-mentioned protease is 1.0-8.0; preferably, any one of pepsin, papain, and bromelain.

[0020] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned metal salt tanning agent is any one or more of metal salts containing chromium, zirconium, aluminum, or magnesium; preferably any one or more of basic chromium sulfate, zirconyl sulfate, magnesium chloride, and zirconium sulfate.

[0021] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned board material is a wood-plastic / grass-plastic board material, and its raw materials include biomass particles and plastic.

[0022] In the above embodiments, the biomass particles are plant fiber powders such as wood powder, rice husks, straw, etc. that can be used in wood plastic / grass plastic boards, and the plastics are also polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. that can be used in wood plastic / grass plastic boards. Among them, the plastics used can be plastic materials recycled from white pollution garbage, which can also reduce raw material costs, achieve resource recovery, and improve product economic benefits.

[0023] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the mass of the collagen fiber powder used in the raw materials is 1 to 15% of the mass of the board material, preferably 8 to 12%.

[0024] In the above embodiment, the collagen fiber powder used can still exert its flame retardant modification effect when its mass proportion exceeds 15%, but it will make the product sheet difficult to form.

[0025] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, in the above-mentioned protease treatment step: the system pH and temperature are adjusted to the optimal conditions for the protease used; specifically, the pH is adjusted to 3.0-8.0, and the temperature is adjusted to 20-50°C; protease is added to treat the collagen fibers for 0.5-6h to obtain a first fiber material; wherein the amount of protease added is 2-8% of the mass of the collagen fibers.

[0026] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, in the above-mentioned metal salt treatment step: the system pH is adjusted to 0.1-5.0, preferably to 2.0-3.0, a metal salt tanning agent is added for mixing, and then the alkali is extracted to a pH of 3.5-6.5 to obtain a second fiber material; wherein the amount of the added metal salt tanning agent is 2-10% of the mass of the first fiber material.

[0027] In the above embodiments, when the amount of the metal salt tanning agent used exceeds 10%, the modification effect and the flame retardant properties of the product board will basically not be improved, or the improvement is very small.

[0028] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, in the above collagen fiber powder preparation steps: drying until the moisture content of the material is less than 12%; crushing to 24-500 mesh, preferably 32-100 mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0030] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprises" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including its elements.

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other.

[0032] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a flame retardant plate, which is prepared by the following method:

[0035] By mass:

[0036] Protease treatment: 100 parts of collagen fibers from leather solid waste (leather scraps, trimmings, ground leather, leather scraps, etc.) were dispersed in 300 parts of water, the pH of the system was adjusted to 3.0 and the temperature was adjusted to 35°C, 8 parts of pepsin were added to treat the collagen fibers for 3 hours to obtain a first fiber material;

[0037] Metal salt treatment: 100 parts of the first fiber material are dispersed in 200 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 0.1, 2 parts of basic chromium sulfate are added and mixed for a period of time (based on uniform penetration), and then the alkali is raised to a pH of 3.5 to obtain a second fiber material;

[0038] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying the second fiber material to make its water content less than 12%, and then crushing it to 24 meshes to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0039] Board preparation: Take 80 parts of board materials (including miscellaneous wood shavings (biomass particles), PP (plastic); the same ratio as the raw materials of conventional wood-plastic / grass-plastic composite boards), and take 5 parts of collagen fiber powder for mixing, and prepare the board product after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment provides a flame retardant plate, which is prepared by the following method:

[0042] By mass:

[0043] Protease treatment: 100 parts of collagen fibers from leather solid waste (leather scraps, trimmings, ground leather, leather scraps, etc.) are dispersed in 200 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 3.0 and the temperature is 35°C, 5 parts of pepsin are added to treat the collagen fibers for 6 hours to obtain a first fiber material;

[0044] Metal salt treatment: 100 parts of the first fiber material are dispersed in 200 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 2.0, 6 parts of zirconyl sulfate are added and mixed for a period of time (based on uniform penetration), and then the alkali is added to a pH of 6.5 to obtain a second fiber material;

[0045] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying the second fiber material to make its water content less than 12%, and then crushing it to 60 meshes to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0046] Board preparation: Take 85 parts of board materials (including corn stalks (biomass particles) and PP (plastic); the same ratio as the raw materials of conventional wood-plastic / grass-plastic composite boards) and 10 parts of collagen fiber powder for mixing, and prepare the board product after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] This embodiment provides a flame retardant plate, which is prepared by the following method:

[0049] By mass:

[0050] Protease treatment: 100 parts of collagen fibers from leather solid waste (leather scraps, trimmings, ground leather, leather scraps, etc.) were dispersed in 800 parts of water, the pH of the system was adjusted to 6.5 and the temperature was adjusted to 35°C, and 5 parts of papain were added to treat the collagen fibers for 5 hours to obtain a first fiber material;

[0051] Metal salt treatment: 100 parts of the first fiber material are dispersed in 800 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 2.5, 8 parts of magnesium chloride are added and mixed for a period of time (based on uniform penetration), and then the alkali is added to a pH of 4.5 to obtain a second fiber material;

[0052] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying the second fiber material to make its water content less than 12%, and then crushing it to 500 meshes to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0053] Board preparation: Take 70 parts of board materials (including peanut shells (biomass particles) and PP (plastic); the same ratio as the raw materials of conventional wood-plastic / grass-plastic composite boards) and 1 part of collagen fiber powder for mixing, and prepare the board product after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] This embodiment provides a flame retardant plate, which is prepared by the following method:

[0056] By mass:

[0057] Protease treatment: 100 parts of collagen fibers from leather solid waste (leather scraps, trimmings, ground leather, leather scraps, etc.) were dispersed in 500 parts of water, the pH of the system was adjusted to 5.0 and the temperature was 50°C, 5 parts of bromelain were added to treat the collagen fibers for 0.5h to obtain a first fiber material;

[0058] Metal salt treatment: 100 parts of the first fiber material are dispersed in 300 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 1.5, 5 parts of zirconium sulfate are added and mixed for a period of time (based on uniform penetration), and then the alkali is added to a pH of 5.0 to obtain a second fiber material;

[0059] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying the second fiber material to make its water content less than 12%, and then crushing it to 100 meshes to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0060] Board preparation: Take 80 parts of board materials (including eucalyptus sawdust (biomass particles), PET (plastic); the same ratio as conventional wood-plastic / grass-plastic composite board raw materials), and take 10 parts of collagen fiber powder for mixing, and prepare the board product after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] This embodiment provides a flame retardant plate, which is prepared by the following method:

[0063] By mass:

[0064] Protease treatment: 100 parts of collagen fibers from leather solid waste (leather scraps, trimmings, ground leather, leather scraps, etc.) are dispersed in 200 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 3.0 and the temperature is 40°C, 2 parts of pepsin are added to treat the collagen fibers for 4 hours to obtain a first fiber material;

[0065] Metal salt treatment: 100 parts of the first fiber material are dispersed in 500 parts of water, the pH of the system is adjusted to 3.0, 10 parts of basic aluminum sulfate are added and mixed for a period of time (based on uniform penetration), and then the alkali is raised to a pH of 4.0 to obtain a second fiber material;

[0066] Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying the second fiber material to make its water content less than 12%, and then crushing it to 32 meshes to obtain collagen fiber powder;

[0067] Board preparation: Take 80 parts of board materials (including bamboo fiber (biomass particles), PE (plastic); the same ratio as the raw materials of conventional wood-plastic / grass-plastic composite boards), and take 10 parts of collagen fiber powder for mixing, and prepare the board product after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] This comparative example is based on Example 2, and the difference from Example 2 is:

[0070] The protease treatment step was not performed; 100 portions of leather-making solid waste were directly taken for the metal salt treatment step and subsequent steps, and the relevant reagents and relevant process conditions and parameters used were the same as those in Example 2.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] This comparative example is based on Example 2, and the difference from Example 2 is:

[0073] The metal salt treatment step is not performed; after the first fiber material is obtained through the protease treatment step, the collagen fiber powder preparation step and subsequent steps are directly performed, and the relevant reagents and relevant process conditions and parameters used are the same as those in Example 2.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] This comparative example is a blank control group, in which the same board materials (corn stalks, PP) as those in Example 2 are taken without any modification treatment to directly obtain product boards.

[0076] Test example

[0077] When the ignition time of the plate products provided in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 was measured according to the method in the standard GB / T 16172-2007, the results are shown in Table 1:

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080] It can be seen from the results that, in the embodiments of the present application, the ignition time of the solution in embodiment 2 is the longest and the flame retardant effect is the best;

[0081] Compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the final product effect of Example 2 is significantly worse than that of Example 2, regardless of whether only protease treatment or only new metal salt treatment is performed. However, compared with Comparative Example 3 (blank example) with no treatment at all, the flame retardant properties of the products of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are still improved to a certain extent.

[0082] In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a flame retardant sheet and a preparation method thereof, wherein the product sheet is prepared from collagen fiber powder and sheet material; the composite sheet is modified by introducing collagen fibers, thereby extending the ignition time of the product sheet (the time from when the material is exposed to the fire source to when it starts to burn continuously), achieving a flame retardant effect, thereby enabling people to have sufficient reaction time to prevent and stop the fire, and when the fire does occur, sufficient firefighting and escape time can be provided to ensure the safety of life and property. In its process method, by dispersing the collagen fibers in water and treating them with proteases, the three-dimensional multi-level structure of the collagen fibers can be fully exposed, so that they can form a network in the product composite material, thereby better inhibiting the material from being ignited; by modifying the collagen fibers with metal salt tanning agents, the fixation effect of the collagen fibers can be enhanced, making their structure stable, and preventing structural collapse in the early stage of heating the material, thereby achieving the effect of extending the winding time of the material. Therefore, by using the prepared collagen fiber powder to modify the composite board material, a product board with flame retardant effect is obtained. The material has a long ignition time and can provide a longer window time to prevent, stop, and delay the occurrence of fire; when a fire occurs, it can also provide a longer fire extinguishing, rescue, and escape time, which helps to protect the safety of life and property.

[0083] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A flame retardant sheet, characterized in that: It is prepared from raw materials including the following components: collagen fiber powder and plate material; The collagen fiber powder is prepared from raw materials including the following components: collagen fiber, protease, and metal salt tanning agent.

2. The flame retardant sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collagen fibers come from solid waste leather materials generated during the leather making process.

3. The flame retardant sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimum pH of the protease is 1.0-8.

0.

4. The flame retardant sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal salt tanning agent is any one or more of metal salts containing chromium, zirconium, aluminum, or magnesium.

5. The flame retardant sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The board material is a wood-plastic / grass-plastic board material, and its raw materials include biomass particles and plastics.

6. The flame retardant sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among the raw materials, the mass of the collagen fiber powder used is 1-15% of the mass of the board material.

7. A method for preparing a flame retardant sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Protease treatment: Disperse collagen fibers in water, adjust the pH and temperature of the system to the optimal environment for protease, add protease to treat the collagen fibers, and obtain the first fiber material. Metal salt treatment: the first fiber material is dispersed in water, the pH of the system is adjusted, a metal salt tanning agent is added and mixed, and then alkali is extracted to obtain a second fiber material; Preparation of collagen fiber powder: drying and crushing the second fiber material to obtain collagen fiber powder; Board preparation: The prepared collagen fiber powder is mixed with the board material, and the board product is prepared after granulation and thermoplastic processing.

8. The method for preparing a flame retardant sheet according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the protease treatment step: adjusting the system pH and temperature to the optimum conditions for the protease used; adding protease to treat the collagen fibers for 0.5 to 6 hours to obtain the first fiber material; wherein the amount of the added protease is 2 to 8% of the mass of the collagen fibers.

9. The method for preparing a flame retardant sheet according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the metal salt treatment step: the system pH is adjusted to 0.1-5.0, a metal salt tanning agent is added and mixed, and then the alkali is added to a pH of 3.5-6.5 to obtain a second fiber material; wherein the amount of the added metal salt tanning agent is 2-10% of the mass of the first fiber material.

10. The flame retardant sheet material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, characterized in that: The collagen fiber powder preparation steps include: drying until the moisture content of the material is less than 12%; and crushing to 24-500 meshes.

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