Rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method, and belongs to the field of train electric whistles. The method comprises the following steps: S1, appearance size inspection: inspecting the appearance, the size and a surface treatment layer of the electric whistle; s2, performing an electric whistle performance test; S3, performing an insulating property and dielectric strength test; S4, performing a sound frequency test; S5, performing a voltage fluctuation test; the sound pressure of the electric whistle can be well tested and detected, the working state of the electric whistle in severe working environments such as rain, dust and salt mist can be known, safe use of the electric whistle is ensured, the safety of the electric whistle in various follow-up environments is facilitated, the electric whistle of a rail transit vehicle can work normally in various environments, people can be reminded to pay attention conveniently, and the electric whistle is safe and reliable. And people are reminded to avoid and leave away from the train track in time, so that the safety around the running of the track traffic vehicle is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of train electric whistles, and in particular to a test method for detecting sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles for rail transit vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Electric whistle refers to an electrically driven audio device used for communication and alarm of locomotives, rail cars and EMUs. The sound of the electric whistle is concentrated forward and has almost no effect on the two sides. This can minimize the noise interference of train whistles in the urban area. The train whistle is similar to that of a car, and can serve as a reminder and warning. The essence is to prevent traffic accidents. At the same time, in the management of train operation, the train driver must always communicate with the station attendant and other relevant driving personnel to ensure the safety of train driving. The whistle must be sounded when the train starts, enters the station, leaves the station, bends, bridges, tunnels, curves, bad weather and other times that may endanger personal safety. There is generally a whistle sign in front of the crossing, bridge, tunnel and places with poor visibility. When the train driver sees this sign, he must blow the whistle for a long time to strengthen the warning.

[0003] After the electric whistle is manufactured, it is necessary to conduct a sound pressure test on it to ensure the normal use of the electric whistle during the operation of the rail transit vehicle. The existing sound pressure effects of the electric whistle in various environments affect the safety of the use of the electric whistle. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of some existing problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a test method for the sound pressure level requirement of electric whistle of rail transit vehicles to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A test method for the sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles of rail transit vehicles, the method steps are as follows:

[0007] S1. Appearance and size inspection: Check the appearance, size and surface treatment layer of the electric flute;

[0008] S2. Electric flute performance test:

[0009] Electric whistle assembly test device, controller input voltage DC77V, DC110V, DC137.5V for testing; the electric whistle is blown continuously for 3s, the sound pressure level of the electric whistle facing the center and both sides is measured, the maximum value of the continuous whistle blowing for 3s should be read, at least 3 measurements are made at each measuring point, the arithmetic mean of the 3 measurement values ​​is taken as the measurement result of the point, and the integer decibel is taken; if the maximum difference between the 3 measurement data under the same measurement conditions is less than 3dB(A), it meets the conditions; if the maximum difference between the 3 measurement data under the same measurement conditions is greater than 3dB(A), it should be measured again;

[0010] S3. Insulation performance and dielectric strength test:

[0011] Use a DC 500V megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between the power input terminal and the metal shell of the electric flute. If the insulation resistance is not less than 50MΩ, the electric flute is qualified.

[0012] A voltage of 1500V.AC / min is applied between the power input line and the metal casing. The electric flute is qualified when there is no breakdown or flickering and the leakage current is not greater than 10mA.

[0013] S4. Sound frequency test:

[0014] Connect the electric flute in a normal way, turn on the power supply, the power supply voltage is 70% to 125% of the nominal voltage, collect the electric flute sound output signal for spectrum analysis, and measure the sound frequency; for a single electric flute, the sound frequency is a combination of 630Hz±15Hz, 1000Hz±15Hz and 1600Hz±15Hz, with the sound frequency of 1000Hz±15Hz as the reference, and the amplitude deviation of the three sound frequencies is within 3dB(A);

[0015] S5. Voltage fluctuation test:

[0016] Measure and record the sound pressure level and frequency of the electric flute at 70% and 125% of the nominal voltage of the electric flute. The difference between the sound pressure level and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 6dB(A), and the difference between the sound frequency and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 100Hz.

[0017] S6. Rain test:

[0018] Place the electric whistle in a normal working position and conduct a rain test for 30 minutes; the rainfall intensity of the rain test is 100mm / h±20mm / h, and the tilt angle is 60°; after the test, restore it under standard atmospheric conditions for 1 hour, and conduct appearance, structure and function inspections; conduct an electric whistle performance test according to step S2 and a sound frequency test according to step S3 to test whether it meets the standards;

[0019] S7. Dust test:

[0020] Place the unpowered electric whistle in a dust test chamber in a normal working position. The chamber temperature should be maintained at 10°C to 35°C and the relative humidity should be 45% to 75%. Keep 5kg of cement or talcum powder in the chamber and raise dust for 2s every 15min. Take it out after 2h. Let it recover for 1h under normal temperature and pressure conditions, check its appearance and function, and perform the electric whistle performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard.

[0021] S8. Salt spray test:

[0022] The electric whistle is placed in a test chamber for a neutral salt spray test (NSS test) for 48 hours. After the test, the prototype should have no obvious corrosion, and all parts should have no mechanical damage. If it can work normally, it meets the standard;

[0023] S9, continuous operation test:

[0024] Under the conditions of 25℃±5℃ and 10m / s forced air cooling, turn on the power of the electric flute, power on for 4s, rest for 2s, and cycle for 8h, then perform the electric flute performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard;

[0025] S10, Reverse polarity resistance performance:

[0026] The electric flute is subjected to a polarity reversal test under the test voltage for 1 minute, and a performance test of the electric flute is carried out according to step S2 and a sound frequency test is carried out according to step S4 to test whether it meets the standard.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: the step S1 is specifically:

[0028] a) Check whether all interfaces and dimensions of the electric flute meet the requirements;

[0029] b) Check the surface of the outer shell of each component of the electric horn for cracks, scratches, burrs, sand holes, and welding slag defects;

[0030] c) Check whether the surface of each component of the electric flute has been treated with anti-corrosion. The surface spray-coated layer or paint layer treated with anti-corrosion should be uniform without bubbles, accumulation or overflow;

[0031] As a further solution of the present invention: the electric flute measuring points are divided into measuring point A directly opposite to the measuring point A and measuring points B and C on the sides symmetrically of the measuring point A.

[0032] As a further solution of the present invention: the sound level of the electric flute at the measuring point A during the day is not less than 94dB(A), the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 85dB(A), the sound level at the measuring point A at night is not less than 80dB(A), and the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 70dB(A).

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention: the measuring point A of the electric whistle is located on the center line of the railway track, 30m away from the electric whistle, and the measuring points B and C are in a straight line with A, located outside the railway track, 30m away from the center line of the track.

[0034] As a further solution of the present invention:

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention can well test and detect the sound pressure of the electric whistle, which is conducive to understanding the working state of the electric whistle in severe working environments such as rain, dust, salt spray, etc., ensuring the safe use of the electric whistle, facilitating the safety of the subsequent electric whistle in various environments, and facilitating the normal operation of the electric whistle of the rail transit vehicle in various environments, and conveniently reminding people to pay attention, reminding humans to avoid and stay away from the train track in time, and ensuring the safety of the surrounding area of ​​the rail transit vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a test method for the sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles of rail transit vehicles.

[0038] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the test position for the sound pressure level requirement in a test method for the sound pressure level requirement of electric whistle of rail transit vehicles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense; for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown: The requirements for the electric whistle of rail transit vehicles are that the controller cooperates with the electric whistle to sound the whistle, and the sound pressure level requirements are: when the electric whistle is working, the sound level at the measuring point A during the day is not less than 94dB(A), and the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 85dB(A); the sound level at the measuring point A at night is not less than 80dB(A), and the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 70dB(A); the measuring point A is located on the center line of the railway track, 30m away from the electric whistle,

[0042] Measuring points B and C are in a straight line with A, located on the outside of the railway track, 30m away from the center line of the track. After other environmental tests, the sound pressure level change at each measuring point should not be greater than 3dB (A).

[0043] Sound frequency requirements: For a single electric flute, the sound frequency is a combination of 630Hz±15Hz, 1000Hz±15Hz and 1600Hz±15Hz. Taking the sound frequency of 1000Hz±15Hz as the reference, the amplitude deviation of the three sound frequencies is within 3dB(A). The amplitude of the sound frequency of other noise frequency arms is 30dB(A) lower. After other environmental tests, the sound frequency change should not be greater than 50Hz.

[0044] The controller can be developed with expanded functions to add data monitoring of electric whistle whistling, and a communication interface can be added to upload data to provide data support for the supervision and management of whistle noise pollution prevention and control.

[0045] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , a test method for the sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles of rail transit vehicles, the method steps are as follows:

[0046] S1. Appearance and size inspection:

[0047] a) All interfaces and dimensions shall comply with the requirements of the attached drawings;

[0048] b) The surface of the outer shell of each component is not allowed to have cracks, scratches, burrs, sand holes, and welding slag defects;

[0049] c) The surface of each component must be treated with anti-corrosion, and the surface spray-coated layer or paint layer should be uniform, without bubbles, accumulation or overflow;

[0050] S2. Electric flute performance test:

[0051] The electric whistle assembly test device is tested under the controller input voltage of DC77V, DC110V, and DC137.5V; the electric whistle is sounded continuously for 3s, and the sound pressure levels of reference points A, B, and C are measured. The maximum value of the continuous whistle for 3s should be read, and at least 3 measurements should be made at each measuring point. The arithmetic mean of the 3 measurement values ​​is taken as the measurement result of the point, and the integer decibel number is taken; if the maximum difference between the 3 measurement data under the same measurement conditions is less than 3dB(A), it meets the conditions; if the maximum difference between the 3 measurement data under the same measurement conditions is greater than 3dB(A), it should be re-measured; the electric whistle measurement results meet the sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles for rail transit vehicles;

[0052] The output voltage of the electric whistle amplifier should be AC0V-AC40V; because the electric whistle needs to work in a sealed environment of the train, the decibel value of the electric whistle detection should be greater than the iron standard value.

[0053] S3. Insulation performance and dielectric strength test:

[0054] Use a DC 500V megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between the power input terminal and the metal shell of the electric flute. If the insulation resistance is not less than 50MΩ, the electric flute is qualified.

[0055] A voltage of 1500V.AC / min is applied between the power input line and the metal casing. The electric flute is qualified when there is no breakdown or flickering and the leakage current is not greater than 10mA.

[0056] S4. Sound frequency test:

[0057] Connect the electric flute in a normal way, turn on the power supply, the power supply voltage is 70% to 125% of the nominal voltage, collect the electric flute sound output signal for spectrum analysis, and measure the sound frequency; for a single electric flute, the sound frequency is a combination of 630Hz±15Hz, 1000Hz±15Hz and 1600Hz±15Hz, with the sound frequency of 1000Hz±15Hz as the reference, and the amplitude deviation of the three sound frequencies is within 3dB(A);

[0058] S5. Voltage fluctuation test:

[0059] Measure and record the sound pressure level and frequency of the electric flute at 70% and 125% of the nominal voltage of the electric flute. The difference between the sound pressure level and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 6dB(A), and the difference between the sound frequency and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 100Hz.

[0060] S6. Rain test:

[0061] Place the electric whistle in a normal working position and conduct a rain test for 30 minutes; the rainfall intensity of the rain test is 100mm / h±20mm / h, and the tilt angle is 60°; after the test, restore it under standard atmospheric conditions for 1 hour, and conduct appearance, structure and function inspections; conduct an electric whistle performance test according to step S2 and a sound frequency test according to step S3 to test whether it meets the standards;

[0062] S7. Dust test:

[0063] Place the unpowered electric whistle in a dust test chamber in a normal working position. The chamber temperature should be maintained at 10°C to 35°C and the relative humidity should be 45% to 75%. Keep 5kg of cement or talcum powder in the chamber and raise dust for 2s every 15min. Take it out after 2h. Let it recover for 1h under normal temperature and pressure conditions, check its appearance and function, and perform the electric whistle performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard.

[0064] S8. Salt spray test:

[0065] The electric whistle is placed in a test chamber for a neutral salt spray test (NSS test) for 48 hours. After the test, the prototype should have no obvious corrosion, and all parts should have no mechanical damage. If it can work normally, it meets the standard;

[0066] S9, continuous operation test:

[0067] Under the conditions of 25℃±5℃ and 10m / s forced air cooling, turn on the power of the electric flute, power on for 4s, rest for 2s, and cycle for 8h, then perform the electric flute performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard;

[0068] S10, Reverse polarity resistance performance:

[0069] The electric flute is subjected to a polarity reverse connection test for 1 minute under the test voltage, and a performance test of the electric flute is performed according to step S2 and a sound frequency test is performed according to step S4 to test whether it meets the standard;

[0070] Before the electric horn is installed on the vehicle, it is necessary to complete the starting current curve test (hot and cold) of different voltage levels for the purchaser to analyze the circuit. The test content includes:

[0071] 1) Minimum voltage starting current curve;

[0072] 2) Rated working voltage starting current curve;

[0073] 3) Maximum operating voltage starting current curve.

[0074] Starting current test report requirements: The starting current test must be completed before the first inspection and a formal report must be issued. During the first inspection, retesting may be performed as required by the purchaser.

[0075] The present invention can well test and detect the sound pressure of the electric whistle, which is conducive to understanding the working state of the electric whistle in severe working environments such as rain, dust, salt spray, etc., ensuring the safe use of the electric whistle, facilitating the safety of the subsequent electric whistle in various environments, and facilitating the normal operation of the electric whistle of the rail transit vehicle in various environments, and conveniently reminding people to pay attention, reminding humans to avoid and stay away from the train track in time, and ensuring the safety of the surrounding area of ​​the rail transit vehicle.

[0076] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0077] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in accordance with implementation methods, not every implementation method includes only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A test method for the sound pressure level requirements of electric whistles of rail transit vehicles, characterized in that: The method steps are as follows: S1. Appearance and size inspection: Check the appearance, size and surface treatment layer of the electric flute; S2. Electric flute performance test: The electric whistle assembly test device is tested under the input voltage of DC77V, DC110V and DC137.5V of the controller. The electric whistle is blown continuously for 3 seconds, and the sound pressure level of the electric whistle facing the center and both sides is measured. The maximum value of the continuous blowing of the whistle for 3 seconds should be read. At least 3 measurements should be made at each measuring point, and the arithmetic mean of the 3 measured values ​​is taken as the measurement result of the point, and the integer decibel is taken; If the maximum difference between the three measurement data under the same measurement conditions is less than 3dB(A), the condition is met; if the maximum difference between the three measurement data under the same measurement conditions is greater than 3dB(A), the measurement should be repeated; S3. Insulation performance and dielectric strength test: Use a DC 500V megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance between the power input terminal and the metal shell of the electric flute. If the insulation resistance is not less than 50MΩ, the electric flute is qualified. A voltage of 1500V.AC / min is applied between the power input line and the metal casing. The electric flute is qualified when there is no breakdown or flickering and the leakage current is not greater than 10mA. S4. Sound frequency test: Connect the electric flute in a normal way, turn on the power supply, the power supply voltage is 70% to 125% of the nominal voltage, collect the electric flute sound output signal for spectrum analysis, and measure the sound frequency; for a single electric flute, the sound frequency is a combination of 630Hz±15Hz, 1000Hz±15Hz and 1600Hz±15Hz, with the sound frequency of 1000Hz±15Hz as the reference, and the amplitude deviation of the three sound frequencies is within 3dB(A); S5. Voltage fluctuation test: Measure and record the sound pressure level and frequency of the electric flute at 70% and 125% of the nominal voltage of the electric flute. The difference between the sound pressure level and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 6dB(A), and the difference between the sound frequency and the nominal voltage test value should not exceed 100Hz. S6. Rain test: Place the electric whistle in a normal working position and conduct a rain test for 30 minutes; the rainfall intensity of the rain test is 100mm / h±20mm / h, and the tilt angle is 60°; after the test, restore it under standard atmospheric conditions for 1 hour, and conduct appearance, structure and function inspections; conduct an electric whistle performance test according to step S2 and a sound frequency test according to step S3 to test whether it meets the standards; S7. Dust test: Place the unpowered electric whistle in a dust test chamber in a normal working position. The chamber temperature should be maintained at 10°C to 35°C and the relative humidity should be 45% to 75%. Keep 5kg of cement or talcum powder in the chamber and raise dust for 2s every 15min. Take it out after 2h. Let it recover for 1h under normal temperature and pressure conditions, check its appearance and function, and perform the electric whistle performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard. S8. Salt spray test: The electric whistle is placed in a test chamber for a neutral salt spray test for 48 hours. After the test, the prototype should have no obvious corrosion, and all parts should have no mechanical damage. If it can work normally, it meets the standard. S9, continuous operation test: Under the conditions of 25℃±5℃ and 10m / s forced air cooling, turn on the power of the electric flute, power on for 4s, rest for 2s, and cycle for 8h, then perform the electric flute performance test in step S2 and the sound frequency test in step S4 to test whether it meets the standard; S10, Reverse polarity resistance performance: The electric flute is subjected to a polarity reversal test under the test voltage for 1 minute, and a performance test of the electric flute is carried out according to step S2 and a sound frequency test is carried out according to step S4 to test whether it meets the standard.

2. A rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 is specifically as follows: a) Check whether all interfaces and dimensions of the electric flute meet the requirements; b) Check the surface of the outer shell of each component of the electric horn for cracks, scratches, burrs, sand holes, and welding slag defects; c) Check whether the surface of each component of the electric flute has been treated with anti-corrosion treatment. The surface spray-coated layer or paint layer treated with anti-corrosion treatment should be uniform and free of bubbles, accumulation and overflow.

3. A rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The measuring points of the electric flute are divided into measuring point A directly opposite to the measuring point A and measuring points B and C on the sides of the measuring point A which are symmetrical.

4. A rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sound level of the electric flute at the measuring point A during the day is not less than 94dB(A), and the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 85dB(A); the sound level at the measuring point A at night is not less than 80dB(A), and the sound levels at the measuring points B and C should not be higher than 70dB(A).

5. A rail transit vehicle electric whistle sound pressure level requirement test detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The measuring point A of the electric whistle is located on the center line of the railway track, 30m away from the electric whistle, and the measuring points B and C are in a straight line with A, and are located outside the railway track, 30m away from the center line of the track.

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