Nickel-metal hydride battery management system based on full temperature compensation algorithm

Abstract

The invention discloses a nickel-metal hydride battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm. The nickel-metal hydride battery management system comprises a data acquisition module, a full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, an interface display module, a communication module, a balance management module, a temperature sensor module connected with a nickel-metal hydride battery, a control module and a voltage and current monitoring sensor. According to the method, the state of the nickel-metal hydride battery can be accurately estimated under different temperature conditions through a full-temperature compensation algorithm, and the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-metal hydride battery are adjusted according to the estimation result, so that the temperature compensation effect is achieved, and the nickel-metal hydride battery can adapt to different temperature conditions; the application range, the use performance and the use safety of the nickel-metal hydride battery are improved, in addition, the voltage or capacity difference of the single batteries in the nickel-metal hydride battery can be adjusted in cooperation with the arrangement of the balance management module, the consistency of the single batteries in the nickel-metal hydride battery is ensured, and the use performance and the use safety of the nickel-metal hydride battery are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nickel-hydrogen battery management, and in particular to a nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm. Background Art

[0002] Nickel-hydrogen batteries are a kind of high-energy green rechargeable batteries that are developing rapidly today. With the advantages of high energy density, fast charge and discharge, long cycle life and no pollution, they have been widely used in the fields of laptop computers, portable cameras, digital cameras and electric bicycles. As a secondary battery, improper use and management of nickel-hydrogen batteries will reduce the service life of the battery. Therefore, for the safety of battery use, it is necessary to monitor battery information in real time, manage the battery safely, and ensure the reliability of the battery. When managing the battery safely, a nickel-hydrogen battery management system is needed. For example, a nickel-hydrogen battery management system disclosed in application number: 201620086270.3 can realize the monitoring and management of overcharge and over-discharge of nickel-hydrogen batteries;

[0003] The existing nickel-hydrogen battery management system can only manage the nickel-hydrogen battery based on the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery itself, and cannot effectively manage the nickel-hydrogen battery based on the combination of the external ambient temperature and the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery itself. The temperature of the external environment still has a great impact on the performance of the nickel-hydrogen battery, and its external ambient temperature will affect the internal resistance and capacity of the nickel-hydrogen battery. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system in the prior art cannot accurately compensate for the impact of temperature changes on parameters such as the internal resistance and capacity of the nickel-hydrogen battery based on the external ambient temperature and the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery itself, resulting in a relatively limited applicable environment for the nickel-hydrogen battery. For this reason, the present application proposes a nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm.

[0005] The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm proposed in the present invention includes a data acquisition module, a full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, an interface display module, a communication module, a balancing management module, a temperature sensor module connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery, a control module and a voltage and current monitoring sensor, the communication module is connected to a remote monitoring terminal, the data acquisition module is connected to the temperature sensor module, the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the voltage and current monitoring sensor and the balancing management module, the control module is connected to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the interface display module, the communication module and the balancing management module, wherein:

[0006] The temperature sensor module is used to monitor the temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the temperature of the environment where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located in real time. The data acquisition module is used to collect and record the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor module, and transmit the data to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module. The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module is used to calculate and compensate in real time the influence of the change of the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery with temperature according to the received temperature data. The specific operation logic steps are as follows:

[0007] S101: Denoise and calibrate the received temperature data;

[0008] S102: Divide the temperature range into multiple intervals according to the temperature data, including low temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature;

[0009] S103: Calculate the actual values of the internal resistance and capacity of the battery at the current temperature;

[0010] S104: Perform dynamic compensation calculation according to the actual values of the internal resistance and capacity of the battery calculated in S103. The compensation of the internal resistance of the battery is the actual internal resistance of the battery at the current temperature. Update the upper limit of the charge and discharge current. When the temperature is low, the internal resistance increases, and the maximum charge and discharge current is limited to reduce heat generation;

[0011] S105: The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module outputs the compensated internal resistance and capacity parameter values to the control module.

[0012] Preferably, the temperature sensor for the temperature sensor module to monitor the temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery is one of a thermistor and a thermocouple, which is installed on the surface of the nickel-metal hydride battery. The temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the environment where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located is a digital temperature sensor, which is installed in the external area near the nickel-metal hydride battery to provide the overall environmental temperature information where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located.

[0013] Preferably, in step S102, the low temperature range: T < 0 °C, the medium temperature range: 0 °C < T < 40 °C, the high temperature range: T > 40 °C, and determine the interval where the current temperature is located;

[0014] In step S103, the formula for calculating the internal resistance of the battery is:

[0015] R int (T) = R0 * (1 + k * (T ref - T)),

[0016] where R0 represents the internal resistance at the reference temperature, k represents the temperature coefficient, T ref represents the reference temperature, and R int (T) represents the internal resistance of the battery at the current temperature;

[0017] The formula for its capacity is:

[0018] C cap (T) = C nom *(1-α*(T nom -T)),

[0019] Among them C nom represents the standard capacity, α represents the capacity temperature coefficient, T nom Indicates the reference temperature, C cap (T) represents the capacity at the current temperature;

[0020] In step S104, the capacity compensation is to correct the state of charge SOC according to the current temperature, and the calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] Where Q used Indicates the power used, C cap (T) represents the battery capacity at the current temperature.

[0023] Preferably, the control module adjusts the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-hydrogen battery according to the output result of the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module;

[0024] In addition, operators can also adjust the charging and discharging strategies through the interface display module operation control module. The charging strategies include reducing the charging current at low temperatures to extend the charging time; reducing the charging cut-off voltage at high temperatures to avoid thermal runaway; the discharging strategies include limiting the discharge current at low temperatures to prevent excessive polarization of the battery; and monitoring the heat generation of the battery at high temperatures to prevent the battery from failing due to excessive self-discharge.

[0025] Preferably, the data information received by the control module is displayed through an interface display module, and the interface display module is used to display the status, power and operating temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery;

[0026] The communication module can communicate with the remote monitoring end through one of a USB interface, an Ethernet interface, a 4G module interface and a 5G network interface, and the data of the control module is transmitted to the remote monitoring end through the communication module, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery can be remotely monitored and managed.

[0027] Preferably, the nickel-hydrogen battery includes a plurality of single cells, the voltage and current monitoring sensors are used to monitor the voltage and current of each single cell, the temperature sensor module is also installed on the plurality of single cells, and is used to monitor the temperature of each single cell, and the monitored voltage and current data and temperature data are also transmitted to the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module transmits the temperature and voltage data of the single cell to the equalization management module;

[0028] The balancing management module analyzes the temperature data and the voltage and current data to adjust the voltage or capacity difference of each single cell in the nickel-hydrogen battery to ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery. The specific operation logic steps are as follows:

[0029] S201: Calculate the current state of charge (SOC) of each single cell based on the voltage of the single cell and the known relationship between the voltage and the state of charge. i ;

[0030] The formula used in the calculation process is: V cell =OCV(SOC)+R*I+η*I;

[0031] Where V cell represents the current single cell voltage, OCV(SOC) represents the open circuit voltage calculated based on SOC, R represents the internal resistance of the single cell, I represents the charge and discharge current, and η represents the polarization voltage correction factor;

[0032] Where V min Indicates the lowest open circuit voltage of a single cell, V max It indicates the maximum open circuit voltage of a single cell, and SOC is the state of charge without considering the temperature;

[0033] SOC i =f(V cell ,T), where T represents the current temperature of the single cell, f(V cell ,T) represents the relationship between OCV, SOC and temperature. There is a nonlinear relationship between OCV and SOC. OCV=f(SOC), SOC i Indicates the current state of charge of each single battery;

[0034] S202: Compare the voltage values ​​of each single cell and determine the SOC of each single cell i Difference, if the difference exceeds the set threshold, go to S203;

[0035] S203: The balancing management module transmits the information to the control module, and the control module controls a balancing hardware in the capacitor, inductor or DC converter to transfer the excess energy of the high-voltage single battery to the low-voltage single battery;

[0036] S204: When the balancing trigger threshold is reached, the balancing hardware is automatically controlled to stop the balancing operation.

[0037] Preferably, in said S203, when the energy transfer between the single cells is realized by utilizing the charge and discharge characteristics of the capacitor, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the high-voltage single cell battery in the charging stage, and the capacitor is quickly charged from the high-voltage single cell battery through the control circuit to store excess energy, and in the discharging stage, the control circuit switches the capacitor to the low-voltage single cell battery, and the capacitor discharges to the low-voltage single cell battery to transfer energy;

[0038] When using inductance for energy transfer, the inductor is connected to a high-voltage single battery. When the switch is turned on, the inductor obtains energy from the high-voltage single battery and stores it as magnetic field energy. When the switch is switched on, the inductor is connected to a low-voltage single battery, and the magnetic field is released and converted into electrical energy, which is transferred to the low-voltage single battery.

[0039] When using a DC converter for energy transfer, the DC converter works according to the voltage difference between the input and output. The control circuit converts the energy of the high-voltage single battery into an energy form suitable for the low-voltage battery, and efficiently transfers the energy to the low-voltage single battery through the control circuit.

[0040] Preferably, in said S202, when comparing the voltage values ​​of each single battery, the program code used is as follows:

[0041] # Input the voltage value of each single cell (unit: V)

[0042] cell_voltages = [3.85, 3.82, 3.90, 3.78, 3.88] # Sample data

[0043] voltage_threshold=0.02#Set voltage difference threshold (unit: V)

[0044] #Calculate the voltage difference and determine whether it exceeds the threshold

[0045] imbalanced_cells=[]

[0046] for i,viin enumerate(cell_voltages):

[0047] for j,vj in enumerate(cell_voltages):

[0048] if i! =j and abs(vi-vj)>voltage_threshold:imbalanced_cells.append((i,j,abs(vi-vj)))

[0049] if imbalanced_cells:

[0050] print("Single cell pairs that need to be balanced:",imbalanced_cells)

[0051] else:

[0052] print("The voltage difference of all single cells is within the threshold range, no balancing is required.");

[0053] Determine the SOC of each battery i The program code used for the difference is as follows:

[0054] #The relationship between open circuit voltage OCV and SOC is nonlinear

[0055] def voltage_to_soc(voltage,v_min=3.6,v_max=4.2):

[0056] return(voltage-v_min) / (v_max-v_min)*100

[0057] #Convert voltage to SOC i

[0058] cell_socs=[voltage_to_soc(v)for v in cell_voltages]

[0059] soc_threshold=5.0#Set SOC i Difference threshold (unit: percentage)

[0060] #Calculate SOC i Difference and determine whether it exceeds the threshold

[0061] imbalanced_soc_cells=[]

[0062] for i,soc_iin enumerate(cell_socs):

[0063] for j,soc_j in enumerate(cell_socs):

[0064] if i! =j and abs(soc_i-soc_j)>soc_threshold:

[0065] imbalanced_soc_cells.append((i,j,abs(soc_i-soc_j)))

[0066] if imbalanced_soc_cells:

[0067] print("Single battery SOC that needs to be balanced i For: ",imbalanced_soc_cells)

[0068] else:

[0069] print("SOC of all single cells i The difference is within the threshold and no equalization is required. ").

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0071] The present invention can accurately estimate the state of the nickel-hydrogen battery under different temperature conditions through a full temperature compensation algorithm, and adjust the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-hydrogen battery according to the estimation result, so as to achieve the effect of temperature compensation, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery can adapt to different temperature conditions, improve the application range, performance and safety of the nickel-hydrogen battery, and in addition, with the setting of the balancing management module, it can adjust the voltage or capacity difference of each single cell in the nickel-hydrogen battery, ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery, and further improve the performance and safety of the nickel-hydrogen battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 A block diagram of a nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm proposed by the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0075] Example

[0076] Reference Figure 1-2 ,This embodiment proposes a nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm, including a data acquisition module, a full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, an interface display module, a communication module, a balancing management module, a temperature sensor module connected to the nickel-hydrogen battery, a control module and a voltage and current monitoring sensor, and the communication module is connected to a remote monitoring terminal;

[0077] The data acquisition module is connected with the temperature sensor module, the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the voltage and current monitoring sensor and the equalization management module;

[0078] The temperature sensor module is used to monitor the temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the temperature of the environment where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located in real time. The temperature sensor used to monitor the temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery is one of a thermistor and a thermocouple, which is installed on the surface of the nickel-metal hydride battery. The temperature sensor used to monitor the temperature of the environment where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located is a digital temperature sensor, which is installed in the external area near the nickel-metal hydride battery to provide the overall environmental temperature information where the nickel-metal hydride battery is located.

[0079] The data acquisition module is used to collect and record the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor module and transmit the data to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module.

[0080] The control module is connected to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the interface display module, the communication module, and the equalization management module; the data information received by the control module is displayed through the interface display module, and the interface display module is used to display the status, power, and operating temperature of the nickel-metal hydride battery.

[0081] The communication module can communicate with the remote monitoring end through one of a USB interface, an Ethernet interface, a 4G module interface, and a 5G network interface. The data of its control module is transmitted to the remote monitoring end through the communication module, so that the nickel-metal hydride battery can be remotely monitored and managed.

[0082] Among them, the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module is used to calculate and compensate the influence of the battery's internal resistance and capacity parameters caused by temperature changes in real time according to the received temperature data. The specific operation logic steps are as follows:

[0083] S101: Denoise and calibrate the received temperature data.

[0084] S102: According to the temperature data, divide the temperature range into multiple intervals, including low temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature. The low temperature range: T < 0 °C, the medium temperature range: 0 °C < T < 40 °C, the high temperature range: T > 40 °C, and determine the interval where the current temperature is located.

[0085] S103: Calculate the actual values of the battery's internal resistance and capacity at the current temperature.

[0086] The formula for the battery's internal resistance is:

[0087] R int (T) = R0 * (1 + k * (T ref - T));

[0088] Among them, R0 represents the internal resistance at the reference temperature, k represents the temperature coefficient, T ref represents the reference temperature, and R int (T) represents the battery's internal resistance at the current temperature;

[0089] The formula for its capacity is:

[0090] C cap (T) = C nom *(1-α*(T nom -T)),

[0091] Among them C nom represents the standard capacity, α represents the capacity temperature coefficient, T nom Indicates the reference temperature, C cap (T) represents the capacity at the current temperature;

[0092] S104: Perform dynamic compensation calculation according to the actual values ​​of the battery internal resistance and capacity calculated in S103;

[0093] The compensation of the battery internal resistance is the actual battery internal resistance at the current temperature, and the upper limit of the charge and discharge current is updated. The internal resistance increases at low temperatures, and the maximum charge and discharge current is limited to reduce heat generation;

[0094] The capacity compensation is based on the current temperature corrected SOC (state of charge), the calculation formula is:

[0095]

[0096] Where Q used Indicates the power used, C cap (T) represents the battery capacity at the current temperature;

[0097] S105: The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module outputs the compensated internal resistance and capacity parameter values ​​to the control module;

[0098] The control module adjusts the charging and discharging parameters of the NiMH battery according to the output result of the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module;

[0099] In addition, operators can also adjust the charging and discharging strategies through the interface display module. The charging strategies include reducing the charging current at low temperatures to extend the charging time; reducing the charging cut-off voltage at high temperatures to avoid thermal runaway; the discharging strategies include limiting the discharge current at low temperatures to prevent excessive polarization of the battery; and monitoring the heat generated by the battery at high temperatures to prevent the battery from failing due to excessive self-discharge.

[0100] The nickel-hydrogen battery includes a plurality of single cells. The voltage and current monitoring sensors are used to monitor the voltage and current of each single cell. The temperature sensor module is also installed on the plurality of single cells to monitor the temperature of each single cell. The monitored voltage and current data and temperature data are also transmitted to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module transmits the temperature and voltage data of the single cell to the equalization management module.

[0101] The balancing management module analyzes the temperature data and the voltage and current data to adjust the voltage or capacity difference of each single cell in the nickel-hydrogen battery to ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery. The specific operation logic steps are as follows:

[0102] S201: Calculate the current state of charge (SOC) of each single cell based on the voltage of the single cell and the known relationship between the voltage and the state of charge. i );

[0103] The formula used in the calculation process is: V cell =OCV(SOC)+R*I+η*I,

[0104] Where V cell represents the current single cell voltage, OCV(SOC) represents the open circuit voltage calculated based on SOC, R represents the internal resistance of the single cell, I represents the charge and discharge current, and η represents the polarization voltage correction factor;

[0105] Where V min Indicates the lowest open circuit voltage of a single cell, V max It indicates the maximum open circuit voltage of a single cell, and SOC is the state of charge without considering the temperature;

[0106] SOC i =f(V cell ,T), where T represents the current temperature of the single cell, f(V cell ,T) represents the relationship between OCV, SOC and temperature. There is a nonlinear relationship between OCV and SOC. OCV=f(SOC), SOC i Indicates the current state of charge of each single battery;

[0107] S202: Compare the voltage values ​​of each single cell and determine the SOC of each single cell i Difference, if the difference exceeds the set threshold, go to S203;

[0108] When comparing the voltage values ​​of each single battery, the program code used is as follows:

[0109] # Input the voltage value of each single cell (unit: V)

[0110] cell_voltages = [3.85, 3.82, 3.90, 3.78, 3.88] # Sample data

[0111] voltage_threshold=0.02#Set voltage difference threshold (unit: V)

[0112] #Calculate the voltage difference and determine whether it exceeds the threshold

[0113] imbalanced_cells=[]

[0114] for i,viin enumerate(cell_voltages):

[0115] for j,vj in enumerate(cell_voltages):

[0116] if i! =j and abs(vi-vj)>voltage_threshold:imbalanced_cells.append((i,j,abs(vi-vj)))

[0117] if imbalanced_cells:

[0118] print("Single cell pairs that need to be balanced:",imbalanced_cells)

[0119] else:

[0120] print("The voltage difference of all single cells is within the threshold range, no balancing is required.");

[0121] Determine the SOC of each battery i The program code used for the difference is as follows:

[0122] #The relationship between open circuit voltage OCV and SOC is nonlinear

[0123] def voltage_to_soc(voltage,v_min=3.6,v_max=4.2):

[0124] return(voltage-v_min) / (v_max-v_min)*100

[0125] #Convert voltage to SOC i

[0126] cell_socs=[voltage_to_soc(v)for v in cell_voltages]

[0127] soc_threshold=5.0#Set SOC i Difference threshold (unit: percentage)

[0128] #Calculate SOC i Difference and determine whether it exceeds the threshold

[0129] imbalanced_soc_cells=[]

[0130] for i,soc_iin enumerate(cell_socs):

[0131] for j,soc_j in enumerate(cell_socs):

[0132] if i! =j and abs(soc_i-soc_j)>soc_threshold:

[0133] imbalanced_soc_cells.append((i,j,abs(soc_i-soc_j)))

[0134] if imbalanced_soc_cells:

[0135] print("Single battery SOC that needs to be balanced i For: ",imbalanced_soc_cells)

[0136] else:

[0137] print("SOC of all single cells i The difference is within the threshold range and no equalization is required. ");

[0138] S203: The balancing management module transmits the information to the control module, and the control module controls a balancing hardware in the capacitor, inductor or DC converter to transfer the excess energy of the high-voltage single battery to the low-voltage single battery;

[0139] When utilizing the charge and discharge characteristics of the capacitor to realize energy transfer between single cells, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the high-voltage single cell battery during the charging stage, and the capacitor is quickly charged from the high-voltage single cell battery through the control circuit to store excess energy. During the discharging stage, the control circuit switches the capacitor to the low-voltage single cell battery, and the capacitor discharges to the low-voltage single cell battery to transfer energy.

[0140] When using inductance for energy transfer, the inductor is connected to a high-voltage single battery. When the switch is turned on, the inductor obtains energy from the high-voltage single battery and stores it as magnetic field energy. When the switch is switched on, the inductor is connected to a low-voltage single battery, and the magnetic field is released and converted into electrical energy, which is transferred to the low-voltage single battery.

[0141] When using a DC converter for energy transfer, the DC converter works according to the voltage difference between the input (high voltage single cell) and the output (low voltage single cell). The control circuit converts the energy of the high voltage single cell into an energy form suitable for the low voltage battery (boost or buck), and efficiently transfers the energy to the low voltage single cell through the control circuit.

[0142] S204: When the balancing trigger threshold is reached, the balancing hardware is automatically controlled to stop the balancing operation;

[0143] This embodiment can accurately estimate the state of the nickel-hydrogen battery under different temperature conditions through the full temperature compensation algorithm, and adjust the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-hydrogen battery according to the estimation results, so as to achieve the effect of temperature compensation, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery can adapt to different temperature conditions, improve the application range, performance and safety of the nickel-hydrogen battery, and in addition, with the setting of the balancing management module, it can adjust the voltage or capacity difference of each single cell in the nickel-hydrogen battery, ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery, and further improve the performance and safety of the nickel-hydrogen battery.

[0144] In this embodiment, during the operation of the nickel-hydrogen battery, the temperature sensor module monitors the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery and the temperature of the environment in which the nickel-hydrogen battery is located in real time. The monitored data is collected by the data acquisition module, and the collected data is transmitted to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module. The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module uses the full temperature compensation algorithm to calculate and compensate for the influence of the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery changing with temperature in real time according to the received temperature data. The calculation result is transmitted to the control module, and the control module adjusts the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-hydrogen battery. The temperature compensation effect is achieved by adjusting the parameters, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery can adapt to different temperature conditions;

[0145] At the same time, the voltage and current monitoring sensors monitor the voltage and current of each single cell in real time. The temperature sensor module installed on multiple single cells monitors the temperature of each single cell. The monitored voltage and current data and temperature data are also transmitted to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module transmits the temperature and voltage data of the single cell to the balancing management module. The balancing management module analyzes and compares the temperature data and the voltage and current data, compares the voltage values ​​of each single cell and determines the SOC of each single cell. i When the difference exceeds the threshold, the excess energy of the high-voltage single cell is transferred to the low-voltage single cell through an active balancing strategy to ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery, thereby improving the performance and safety of the nickel-hydrogen battery.

[0146] In addition, during use, the data received by the control module can be transmitted to the interface display module and the communication module. The interface display module displays the various states of the nickel-hydrogen battery. At the same time, the communication module transmits the information to the remote monitoring terminal, and personnel can perform remote monitoring and management through the remote monitoring terminal.

[0147] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on a full temperature compensation algorithm, characterized in that: It includes a data acquisition module, a full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, an interface display module, a communication module, a balancing management module, a temperature sensor module connected to a nickel-hydrogen battery, a control module and a voltage and current monitoring sensor. The communication module is connected to a remote monitoring terminal. The data acquisition module is connected to the temperature sensor module, the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the voltage and current monitoring sensor and the balancing management module. The control module is connected to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module, the interface display module, the communication module and the balancing management module. The temperature sensor module is used to monitor the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery and the temperature of the environment in which the nickel-hydrogen battery is located in real time. The data acquisition module is used to collect and record the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor module, and transmit the data to the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module. The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module is used to calculate and compensate for the influence of the internal resistance and capacity parameters of the battery changing with temperature in real time according to the received temperature data. The specific operation logic steps are as follows: S101: performing denoising and calibration correction on the received temperature data; S102: Divide the temperature range into multiple intervals according to the temperature data, including low temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature; S103: Calculate the actual values ​​of the battery internal resistance and capacity at the current temperature; S104: Perform dynamic compensation calculation based on the actual values ​​of the battery internal resistance and capacity calculated in S103, wherein the compensation of the battery internal resistance is the actual battery internal resistance at the current temperature, and the upper limit of the charge and discharge current is updated. The internal resistance increases at low temperatures, and the maximum charge and discharge current is limited to reduce heat generation; S105: The full temperature compensation algorithm processing module outputs the compensated internal resistance and capacity parameter values ​​to the control module.

2. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor module is used to monitor the temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery. The temperature sensor is a thermistor and a thermocouple, which is installed on the surface of the nickel-hydrogen battery. The temperature sensor used to monitor the environment in which the nickel-hydrogen battery is located is a digital temperature sensor, which is installed in the external area close to the nickel-hydrogen battery to provide the overall ambient temperature information of the nickel-hydrogen battery.

3. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S102, the low temperature range is: T<0℃, the medium temperature range is: 0℃<T<40℃, the high temperature range is: T>40℃, and the range in which the current temperature is located is determined; In step S103, the battery internal resistance calculation formula is: R int (T)=R0*(1+k*(T ref- T)), Where R0 represents the internal resistance at the reference temperature, k represents the temperature coefficient, T ref Indicates the reference temperature, R int (T) represents the internal resistance of the battery at the current temperature; The capacity is calculated as follows: C cap (T)=C nom *(1-α*(T nom -T)), Among them C nom represents the standard capacity, α represents the capacity temperature coefficient, T nom Indicates the reference temperature, C cap (T) represents the capacity at the current temperature; In step S104, the capacity compensation is to correct the state of charge SOC according to the current temperature, and the calculation formula is: Where Q used Indicates the power used, C cap (T) represents the battery capacity at the current temperature.

4. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module adjusts the charging and discharging parameters of the nickel-hydrogen battery according to the output result of the full temperature compensation algorithm processing module; In addition, operators can also adjust the charging and discharging strategies through the interface display module operation control module. The charging strategies include reducing the charging current at low temperatures to extend the charging time; reducing the charging cut-off voltage at high temperatures to avoid thermal runaway; the discharging strategies include limiting the discharge current at low temperatures to prevent excessive polarization of the battery; and monitoring the heat generation of the battery at high temperatures to prevent the battery from failing due to excessive self-discharge.

5. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data information received by the control module is displayed through the interface display module, and the interface display module is used to display the status, power and operating temperature of the nickel-hydrogen battery; The communication module can communicate with the remote monitoring end through one of a USB interface, an Ethernet interface, a 4G module interface and a 5G network interface, and the data of the control module is transmitted to the remote monitoring end through the communication module, so that the nickel-hydrogen battery can be remotely monitored and managed.

6. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nickel-hydrogen battery includes a plurality of single cells, and the voltage and current monitoring sensors are used to monitor the voltage and current of each single cell. The temperature sensor module is also installed on the plurality of single cells to monitor the temperature of each single cell. The monitored voltage and current data and temperature data are also transmitted to the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module transmits the temperature and voltage data of the single cell to the equalization management module. The balancing management module analyzes the temperature data and the voltage and current data to adjust the voltage or capacity difference of each single cell in the nickel-hydrogen battery to ensure the consistency of multiple single cells in the nickel-hydrogen battery. The specific operation logic steps are as follows: S201: Calculate the current state of charge (SOC) of each single cell based on the voltage of the single cell and the known relationship between the voltage and the state of charge. i ; The formula used in the calculation process is: V cell =OCV(SOC)+R*I+η*I; Where V cell represents the current single cell voltage, OCV(SOC) represents the open circuit voltage calculated based on SOC, R represents the internal resistance of the single cell, I represents the charge and discharge current, and η represents the polarization voltage correction factor; Where V min Indicates the lowest open circuit voltage of a single cell, V max It indicates the maximum open circuit voltage of a single cell, and SOC is the state of charge without considering the temperature; SOC i =f(V cell , T), where T represents the current temperature of the single cell, f(V cell , T) represents the relationship between OCV, SOC and temperature. There is a nonlinear relationship between OCV and SOC. OCV = f(SOC), SOC i Indicates the current state of charge of each single battery; S202: Compare the voltage values ​​of each single cell and determine the SOC of each single cell i Difference, if the difference exceeds the set threshold, go to S203; S203: The balancing management module transmits the information to the control module, and the control module controls a balancing hardware in the capacitor, inductor or DC converter to transfer the excess energy of the high-voltage single battery to the low-voltage single battery; S204: When the balancing trigger threshold is reached, the balancing hardware is automatically controlled to stop the balancing operation.

7. The nickel-hydrogen battery management system based on the full temperature compensation algorithm according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the above S203, when the charge and discharge characteristics of the capacitor are used to realize the energy transfer between the single cells, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the high-voltage single cell battery in the charging stage, and the capacitor is quickly charged from the high-voltage single cell battery through the control circuit to store excess energy. In the discharging stage, the control circuit switches the capacitor to the low-voltage single cell battery, and the capacitor discharges to the low-voltage single cell battery to transfer energy; When using inductance for energy transfer, the inductor is connected to a high-voltage single battery. When the switch is turned on, the inductor obtains energy from the high-voltage single battery and stores it as magnetic field energy. When the switch is switched on, the inductor is connected to a low-voltage single battery, and the magnetic field is released and converted into electrical energy, which is transferred to the low-voltage single battery. When using a DC converter for energy transfer, the DC converter works according to the voltage difference between the input and output. The control circuit converts the energy of the high-voltage single battery into an energy form suitable for the low-voltage battery, and efficiently transfers the energy to the low-voltage single battery through the control circuit.

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