Impact hydropower station distributed redundancy switching method and power supply power system

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact hydropower station distributed redundancy switching method and a power supply power system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining system operation parameters, and building a distributed power supply control model; adjusting water flow parameters based on the control model, and controlling the water-turbine generator set to operate; and establishing a redundancy switching evaluation system according to system operation data, and optimizing a switching control process. The method has the beneficial effects that by establishing the distributed power supply control model and the parameter monitoring system, the reliability and real-time monitoring of the power supply system are ensured, the operation stability of the system is improved, and the fault shutdown risk is reduced; by adopting a dual control mode of flow regulation, pressure regulation and a stop valve assembly, a complete redundant standby system is formed, the reliability of power supply switching is improved, and continuous and stable operation of auxiliary equipment of a power station is ensured; through standardized design of the water hammer protection device and the distributed power supply system, a complete system protection system is established, and water hammer harm is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of auxiliary equipment of hydropower stations, in particular to a distributed redundant switching method and a power supply system of an impulse hydropower station. Background Art

[0002] The power supply of auxiliary equipment in hydropower plants, such as oil pumps, water pump motors and other electrical power equipment, is mostly AC 380V power supply, and the power supply of other electrical control cabinets in the plant is AC 220V. These AC power supplies all come from the power plant's plant power system. For redundancy and reliability, power plants generally use battery packs and a set of DC 220V power supply; some power plants also use AC inverters to generate DC power systems. In general, these plant power and DC batteries are the mainstream power supply methods used outside domestic power stations.

[0003] This power supply method, with one main and one backup, is relatively reliable, but accidents such as loss of factory power due to improper maintenance or natural disasters still often occur, causing oil pumps, water pumps, etc. to be unable to rotate, resulting in unit shutdown accidents.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a new power supply method for an impact hydropower station to supplement or replace the power supply method of the above power supply.

[0005] The core of the present invention is to use the high head characteristics of the impulse power station unit, and use the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water naturally possessed by the hydropower station to independently provide energy to a group of small hydroelectric generator sets to complete the power generation of the unit. By using the electricity generated by the unit, it is used as a power reserve for the power supply of the power plant. That is, the power supply is used as a backup power supply. After the main power supply fails, through automatic switching, the output end of the backup power supply is connected to the load of the hydropower station control circuit, and power output is provided uninterruptedly.

[0006] AC power basically comes from the power plant (power generated by the power plant itself), that is, a transformer (called the power plant transformer, abbreviated as the power plant transformer) is configured at the end of a generator set. After voltage reduction, the voltage level is three-phase AC400V or AC380V, which can be used. The AC220V comes from one phase and the N phase.

[0007] Storage batteries use chemical reactions to generate direct current. They are mature products that can be produced by accumulating and combining batteries.

[0008] The idea of ​​this article is to design an independent AC power system on this basis. Multiple sets of this system can be designed, which is called a distributed power supply system here, as redundancy for the above two power supplies to enhance the reliability of equipment power use. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0010] In view of the above problems or problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0011] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed redundant switching method and power system for an impact hydropower station, which can form a new power supply mode as a backup for conventional power supply. When the conventional power supply fails, the system will automatically switch to the new power supply system, thereby enhancing the redundancy and reliability of the power plant's own power supply and reducing the risk of safe operation of the unit.

[0012] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station, which includes obtaining system operating parameters and establishing a distributed power supply control model; adjusting water flow parameters based on the control model to control the operation of the hydro-generator set; establishing a redundant switching evaluation system based on system operating data to optimize the switching control process.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method of the impact hydropower station described in the present invention, the acquisition of system operating parameters includes: acquiring pipeline hydraulic parameters, valve status parameters and unit operating parameters through a detection device; monitoring and analyzing the acquired parameters to form a redundant backup closed-loop control system.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method of the impact hydropower station described in the present invention, the control model adjusts the water flow parameters, including: controlling the water inlet pressure through a pressure regulating device; controlling the unit no-load and rated flow respectively through a flow regulating device; and controlling the water flow interruption by both electrical and mechanical methods.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method of the impulse hydropower station described in the present invention, the control of the operation of the hydro-generator set includes: executing the set startup step to establish a no-load operating condition; executing the set grid-connected step to achieve automatic grid-connected; executing the load switching step to switch to rated load operation.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method for the impact hydropower station described in the present invention, the system operation includes switching steps when the main power supply is restored: disconnecting the backup power supply through an automatic conversion device; shutting down various regulating devices of the hydraulic system; and switching the system to a hot standby state.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method of the impact hydropower station described in the present invention, the detection device includes: a pressure detection unit, including a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor with a display, for monitoring the water inlet pressure of the pipeline; a pressure signal relay YLJ, for monitoring the position status of the cartridge valve CF, and provided with two pairs of normally open and normally closed alarm nodes for status feedback; a pressure monitoring instrument set at a key point of the pipeline; a flow detection unit, including a flow meter for monitoring the no-load flow of the parallel branches of JLF1 and DDF1; a flow meter for monitoring the rated flow of the parallel branches of JLF2 and DDF2; a flow signal acquisition and conversion component; an electrical detection unit, including a power supply monitoring relay JD1, for detecting the factory power status; a speed sensor, for monitoring the speed of the unit; a voltage and frequency detection device, for monitoring the grid-connected conditions of the unit; and a unit operating parameter monitoring component.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the distributed redundant switching method of the impact hydropower station described in the present invention, the regulating device includes: the pressure control unit includes an adjustable pressure reducing valve JYF, which is used to adjust the water inlet pressure to the required head of the unit; a pressure monitoring and display component is used to monitor the pressure regulation effect in real time; the flow control unit includes JLF1 and DDF1 in parallel to control the no-load starting flow, wherein the DDF1-K coil is controlled to be turned on and the DDF1-G coil is controlled to be turned off; JLF2 and DDF2 are in parallel to control the rated power generation flow, wherein the DDF2-K coil is controlled to be turned on and the DDF2-G coil is controlled to be turned off The two sets of flow control circuits operate independently to form redundant control. The on-off control unit includes the electromagnetic reversing valve DCF, in which the valve core works in a parallel position when the coil is energized; the manual reversing valve SDF, in which the handle is pulled to the left for the withdrawal position and to the right for the engagement position; the cartridge valve CF, in which the upper end area is larger than the lower end area to form a self-locking characteristic; the pressure signal relay YLJ, which feeds back the position status of the stop valve; the protection control unit includes an expansion tank arranged upstream of the stop valve assembly, which is provided with a nitrogen gas bag inside, an adjustable pressure relief valve connected in parallel with the expansion tank for pressure peak elimination, and an electric bypass valve arranged at the water diversion end of the turbine for emergency diversion protection.

[0019] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a distributed power system of an impulse hydropower station, including a distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station; and a main water diversion pipeline located in a power plant building and introduced from the upstream of the hydropower station, wherein the main water diversion pipeline forms branch pipes; a flow regulating system, a pressure regulating system and a stop valve system arranged on each branch pipe; a combined integrated small-scale hydro-turbine generator set arranged on each branch pipe; a water hammer protection device arranged upstream of the stop valve system; and an automatic control system for monitoring and control.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the distributed power system of the impulse hydropower station described in the present invention, the combined integrated small hydro-turbine generator set includes a turbine body, a transmission shaft; a permanent magnet generator, which does not require an external excitation system and has an ABC three-phase power output line; a side water inlet and a tailwater pipe at the bottom; the small hydro-turbine generator set can only be used after completing the pipeline connection with the entire hydraulic system.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the distributed power system of the impulse hydropower station described in the present invention, the system is a standardized equipment integrated system, including: independent power generation units are configured on multiple branch pipes formed by the main water diversion pipeline; the system equipment and pipelines on each branch pipe adopt standardized flange interfaces; each power generation unit can independently adjust the pressure and flow according to the parameters of the turbine generator; the system can be expanded and integrated according to the total capacity required by the power plant, so as to realize the distributed power supply capacity within the entire plant.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The distributed redundant switching method for the impulse hydropower station provided by the present invention ensures the reliability and real-time monitoring of the power supply system by establishing a distributed power supply control model and a parameter monitoring system, thereby improving the stability of the system operation and reducing the risk of failure shutdown; by adopting the dual control mode of flow regulation, pressure regulation and shut-off valve assembly, a complete redundant backup system is formed, the reliability of power supply switching is improved, the maintenance cost and failure risk are reduced, and the continuous and stable operation of the auxiliary equipment of the power station is ensured; through the standardized design of the water hammer protection device and the distributed power supply system, a complete system protection system is established, the convenient expansion of the system is realized, the adaptability of the system is improved, the water hammer hazard is reduced, and the safety and reliability of the equipment are ensured. The present invention has achieved good results in terms of power supply reliability, system safety and maintenance convenience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the start-stop process of a single-machine system in a distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station.

[0025] Figure 2 This is the power distribution diagram for the distributed power system of the impulse hydropower station.

[0026] Figure 3This is the distributed power generation principle diagram of the distributed power system of the impulse hydropower station.

[0027] Figure 4 This is the hydraulic principle diagram of the stop valve of the distributed power system of the impulse hydropower station.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the electrical switching control circuit diagram of the distributed redundant switching method for the impulse hydropower station.

[0029] Figure 6 This is the power supply switching circuit diagram of the distributed redundant switching method for the impulse hydropower station.

[0030] Figure 7 This is the system start-stop electrical control circuit diagram of the distributed redundant switching method for the impulse hydropower station.

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the distributed expansion of the backup power system for the distributed redundant switching method of the impulse hydropower station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 8 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and provides a distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station, which includes:

[0037] S1: Obtain system operating parameters and establish a distributed power control model;

[0038] Pressure parameter collection: monitor the water inlet pressure of the pipeline through a pressure gauge; monitor the position status of the cartridge valve CF through the pressure signal relay YLJ; set up pressure monitoring instruments at key points of the pipeline.

[0039] Flow parameter collection: monitor the no-load flow of the parallel branches of JLF1 and DDF1 through the flow meter; monitor the rated flow of the parallel branches of JLF2 and DDF2 through the flow meter; configure the flow signal collection and conversion device.

[0040] Electrical parameter collection: Detect the factory power status through the power monitoring relay JD1; monitor the unit speed in real time through the speed sensor; monitor the unit grid connection conditions through the voltage and frequency detection device.

[0041] S2: adjusting the water flow parameters based on the control model to control the operation of the hydro-generator set;

[0042] Pressure regulating system control: adjust the water inlet pressure to the water head required by the unit through the adjustable pressure reducing valve JYF; monitor the pressure in real time through a pressure gauge or a pressure sensor with display; dynamically adjust the pressure parameters according to the operation needs of the unit.

[0043] Flow system control: JLF1 and DDF1 are connected in parallel to control the no-load startup flow; JLF2 and DDF2 are connected in parallel to control the rated power generation flow; the two sets of flow control loops operate independently to form redundant control.

[0044] On-off system control: electromagnetic reversing valve DCF and manual reversing valve SDF are set in parallel; the difference in area ratio between the upper and lower ends of the cartridge valve CF forms a self-locking characteristic; the pressure signal relay YLJ provides real-time feedback on the valve position status.

[0045] S3: Establish a redundant switching evaluation system based on system operation data and optimize the switching control process;

[0046] It should be noted that in a small hydroelectric power generation unit, if the stop valve is closed too quickly, a strong water hammer phenomenon will be formed in the pipeline. This will cause serious damage to the water supply pipeline. For this reason, a device to eliminate water hammer is required. Figure 2 As shown. An expansion tank and a pressure relief valve are set at the upstream end of the stop valve. The expansion tank is a special accumulator with a nitrogen-filled airbag inside. The air and water are separated. When the pipeline pressure rises, the water pressure will push the airbag and compress the airbag to form a certain pressure buffer. At the same time, an adjustable pressure relief valve is configured at the end. If the water pressure rises too high for a period of time, a certain pressure can be released.

[0047] At the same time, an electric bypass valve is set at the water diversion end of the turbine. Its function is to drive the electric bypass valve to divert the water flow in the pipeline and reduce the damage to the unit when the turbine generator set is abnormal, such as out of control, overspeed, failure, etc., and emergency protection is required.

[0048] Preferably, the electrical control principle of automatic input of the backup power supply is as follows: Figure 5As shown, Figure (a) uses a relay JD1 to monitor the main power supply. Under normal circumstances, relay JD1 is long-term energized and contacts 9 and 5 are closed, as shown in Figure (b). The 24V power supply system is turned on, the solenoid valve coil is energized, and the solenoid valve working position is in a parallel position. Under the action of water pressure, the stop valve is in a closed state. When the main power supply disappears, relay JD1 goes out, contacts 9 and 5 are separated, the solenoid valve coil loses power, and the valve core is in a cross position under the action of the spring. The cartridge valve is pushed open and the stop valve is in an open state. In this way, the entire hydraulic power system is put into operation.

[0049] After the backup power system is started, Figure 7 As shown, after the "power supply automatic transfer switch" device detects that the main power supply has disappeared, it automatically switches to the backup power supply system for output. The automatic transfer switch is a professional product and can be purchased according to the load capacity and other required auxiliary functions.

[0050] It should be noted that the start and stop of the system requires electrical control of the solenoid valve and electric valve, such as Figure 1 The following is the electrical control logic relationship.

[0051] When the factory power is lost, the power monitoring relay JD1 loses power, and the normally closed contacts 10 and 2 close, the electric valve DDF1-K is driven to open the direction coil, and the no-load flow pipeline is opened (the stop valve circuit is opened at the same time, the principle has been introduced). At this time, the unit rotates, the speed rises to the rated speed, and the unit automatically closes.

[0052] The closing signal drives an intermediate relay JD2 at the same time, and the normally open contacts 9 and 5 of the relay are closed, driving the electric valve DDF2-K to open the direction coil, closing the electric valve 2, opening the rated flow pipeline for power generation, and the unit generates power to the rated value. At the same time, the electric valve DDF1-G is driven to close the direction coil, closing the electric valve 1, and closing the no-load flow pipeline.

[0053] If the factory power is restored, the power monitoring relay JD1 is energized, the normally closed contacts 10 and 6 are closed, the direction coil of the electric valve DDF2-G is driven to open, the electric valve 2 is closed, the rated flow pipeline of the power generation is closed (the stop valve circuit is closed at the same time), the unit is switched off, and the unit is shut down.

[0054] Under the premise that external conditions are met, such as the manual valve SF is in the open position and the manual solenoid valve SDF is in the exit position, the flow and pressure adjustment are completed.

[0055] (1) Start the system and check whether the factory power is off. If not, close the stop valve and pipeline valve to disconnect the electrical circuit of the unit.

[0056] (2) If the factory power is lost, the solenoid valve DCF valve coil of the stop valve system loses power, the cartridge valve opens, and the stop valve system opens. The no-load flow circuit electric valve DDF1 opens.

[0057] (3) The unit rotates to the rated speed and the generator is closed and connected to the grid, that is, connected to the factory power load system.

[0058] (4) Open the electric valve DDF2 of the power generation rated flow circuit and close the electric valve DDF2 of the no-load flow circuit.

[0059] (5) At the rated flow rate of the electric valve DDF2, the unit generates electricity to the rated load, completing the backup power supply replacement. The process ends.

[0060] In summary, the distributed redundant switching method for the impulse hydropower station provided by the present invention ensures the reliability and real-time monitoring of the power supply system by establishing a distributed power supply control model and a parameter monitoring system, thereby improving the stability of the system operation and reducing the risk of failure shutdown; by adopting the dual control method of flow regulation, pressure regulation and shut-off valve assembly, a complete redundant backup system is formed, the reliability of power supply switching is improved, maintenance costs and failure risks are reduced, and the continuous and stable operation of the auxiliary equipment of the power station is ensured; through the standardized design of water hammer protection devices and distributed power supply systems, a complete system protection system is established, which realizes convenient expansion of the system, improves the adaptability of the system, reduces the hazards of water hammer, and ensures the safety and reliability of the equipment. The present invention has achieved good results in terms of power supply reliability, system safety and maintenance convenience.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station, which comprises:

[0063] The stop valve is an important device and key in the system. The opening and closing of the stop valve can be controlled by a solenoid reversing valve or a manual reversing valve. The control pressure is taken from the water pressure at the front end. The upper and lower area ratios of the cartridge valve are different, with a larger upper area and a smaller lower area. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when both reversing valves are in the withdrawal position, both valve positions are working at the right end, that is, working in the "parallel" position. The pressurized water flow will press the upper end of the cartridge valve. Since the upper end has a large area and the pressure is greater than the lower end pressure, the cartridge valve will be crushed, the main water pipeline will be cut off, and the water flow will not flow. When the reversing valve is in the input position, the valve position works at the left end, the pressure at the upper end of the cartridge valve is connected to the return water, the valve core is released, and can be pushed open by the water in the pipeline to form a passage.

[0064] The manual reversing valve is a two-position four-way valve. The valve core has two positions, namely the cross position and the parallel position, and is equipped with a handle. When the handle is pulled to the left, the valve works in the parallel position, i.e. the withdrawal position; when the handle is pulled to the right, it works in the cross position, i.e. the input position.

[0065] The electromagnetic reversing valve, i.e. the solenoid valve in the figure, is a two-position four-way valve. The valve core has two positions, i.e. the cross position and the parallel position. One end is the coil and the other end is the spring. When the solenoid valve coil is energized, the valve works in the parallel position, i.e. the withdrawal position; when the coil is de-energized, the valve core works in the cross position, i.e. the input position, under the action of the spring.

[0066] Therefore, in normal operation, the condition for opening the stop valve is: the manual reversing valve is turned on or the solenoid valve is turned on. The condition for closing the stop valve is: the manual solenoid valve is turned off and the solenoid valve is turned off. The logical relationship is shown in the following table:

[0067]

[0068] The cartridge valve is equipped with a pressure signal relay, which can reflect the position of the cartridge valve by adjusting its pressure setting. When the cartridge valve is closed, pressure is passed through the upper end, and the signal is 0 or 1. When the cartridge valve is open, return water is passed through the upper end, there is no pressure, and the signal is 1 or 0. The pressure relay has two pairs of alarm nodes, normally open and normally closed, which can be selected according to needs.

[0069] After the stop valve, there is a pressure reducing valve, which can adjust the required pressure according to the needs of the turbine (actually adjust the water head of the unit). A mechanical pressure gauge (or a pressure sensor with pressure display) is configured at the back to facilitate the adjustment, observation and display of the adjusted pressure. After that, the water flows through the small hydro-turbine generator set to drive the power generation. It generates ABC three-phase alternating current.

[0070] The advantages of the above improvements are:

[0071] (1) In terms of the system start and stop control, two functions are set: "remote start and stop" and "local manual start and stop". This facilitates the operation and maintenance of the unit and realizes automation. The manual function is a redundant configuration, which enhances the fault tolerance of the system.

[0072] (2) In terms of system protection, an energy dissipation device is set up to prevent water hammer effect, so as to prevent hazards such as pipeline bursting during rapid shutdown. Manual start and stop can be retained to prevent the start and stop operation from being completed manually when the automatic system fails.

[0073] (3) In terms of convenience, the two-stage flow rate adjustment and pipeline pressure adjustment (essentially the adjustment of the unit water head) are completed at the no-load speed and rated load. During the unit startup process, there is no need to adjust each time. Just open them one by one.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] The third embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed power system for an impulse hydropower station, which comprises:

[0076] A main water diversion pipeline located in the power plant building and introduced from the upstream of the hydropower station, wherein the main water diversion pipeline forms branch pipes;

[0077] Flow regulating system, pressure regulating system and stop valve system installed on each branch pipe;

[0078] Combined integrated small hydro-turbine generator sets installed on each branch pipe;

[0079] Water hammer protection device installed upstream of the stop valve system;

[0080] Automated control systems for monitoring and control.

[0081] like Figure 4 As shown, water flows down from the upstream, leads out a branch pipe on the pipeline, and passes through a manual ball valve. The valve mainly serves the purpose of isolation and maintenance. If the system needs to be completely shut down, close this ball valve. If the system needs to be in standby mode, open this ball valve.

[0082] Furthermore, the combined integrated small hydro-turbine generator set includes a hydro-turbine body, a transmission shaft; a permanent magnet generator, which does not require an external excitation system and has an ABC three-phase power output line; a water inlet on the side and a tailwater pipe at the bottom;

[0083] The small hydroelectric generator set can only be used after being connected to the entire hydraulic system through pipelines.

[0084] Furthermore, the system is a standardized equipment integration system, comprising:

[0085] Independent power generation units are arranged on multiple branch pipes formed by the main water supply pipeline;

[0086] The system equipment and pipelines on each branch pipe adopt standardized flange interfaces;

[0087] Each power generation unit can independently adjust the pressure and flow according to the parameters of the hydro-generator;

[0088] The system can be expanded and integrated according to the total capacity required by the power plant to achieve distributed power supply capabilities throughout the plant.

[0089] Two adjustable throttle valves are installed in parallel on the pipeline after the manual ball valve, which can adjust the no-load rated water flow and the power generation rated water flow in the pipeline; a flow meter with digital display is installed behind it. If the power plant needs to collect data centrally, the flow signal can also be transmitted remotely in the form of current, voltage, or communication. After that, it passes through a stop valve composed of a cartridge valve and its pilot control valve. The working principle and composition of the stop valve are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the dotted line shows the composition principle of the stop valve, and there are three flange interfaces on the outside, one for water inlet, one for water outlet, and one for water return.

[0090] The small hydroelectric power station unit is a combined integrated device, that is, it integrates the turbine, transmission shaft, generator and other parts. The hydraulic interface is the water inlet (side) and the water outlet (bottom tailwater pipe). The electrical interface is the ABC three-phase power output line; the motor is a permanent magnet motor and does not require an external excitation system. The device can only be used after the pipeline connection with the entire hydraulic system is completed. The valves and regulating devices on the system are not installed on this device.

[0091] Combination Figure 3 System diagram, the device use (start-up) process, is the following sequence of steps:

[0092] (1) Start-up preparation: Inspection and preparation of equipment. This includes checking the turbine, generator and other components for any signs of damage or malfunction. The water inlet valve (SF valve) is in the closed position and the stop valve system is in the closed position. Flow control valve 1 (JLF1) and flow control valve 2 (JLF2) and pipeline pressure (JYF) are adjusted according to the turbine generator parameters.

[0093] The flow rate of flow control valve 1 is adjusted to the no-load flow rate of the unit; the flow rate of flow control valve 2 is adjusted to the rated load flow rate of the unit.

[0094] (2) Start-up: Open the water inlet gate (stop valve system), open the flow control valve (JLF1) and the pipeline electric valve (DDF1), and water flows into the turbine, impacting the runner blades, overcoming the friction damping and electromagnetic damping, causing the hydropower unit to rotate from rest and gradually rise.

[0095] (3) Grid connection: Water continues to flow in, the speed continues to increase, and when the unit speed reaches the rated speed and the generator outlet voltage is the rated voltage, the generator is now ready to synchronize with the grid. The electrical control system (synchronous system) configured in the device can automatically start and close the switch to complete the generator outlet wiring and grid connection.

[0096] (4) Power generation: After the generator is synchronized, open the regulating flow control valve (JLF2) and the pipeline electric valve (DDF2), increase the water flow and gradually increase the load until the rated power output. The startup process is considered complete. As long as there is a stable water source and demand for electricity, the unit can continue to generate electricity.

[0097] During the entire startup process, such as manual first commissioning and startup, various parameters such as water flow, turbine speed, voltage and frequency need to be monitored to ensure safe and efficient operation.

[0098] Preferably, the equipment selection, commissioning and operation process are described as follows: (1) Select the capacity of the small hydro-turbine generator set according to the required load, such as 5kW, and use this to determine the required water pressure P and flow rate Q, as well as the margin for the pipe diameter.

[0099] (2) Based on Figure 2 system, complete the installation of equipment, pipelines, flanges, etc. of the entire system.

[0100] (3) Fully open the bypass valve ZF and partially open the manual ball valve SF to about 20%.

[0101] (4) Move the manual reversing valve SDF to the withdrawal position, and electrically drive the solenoid valve DCF to the withdrawal position. The cartridge valve CF should be closed and the water flow should be interrupted.

[0102] (5) Adjust the pressure relay YLJ from 0 to 1.

[0103] (6) Move the manual reversing valve SDF to the engaged position or the solenoid valve DCF loses power to the engaged position, the cartridge valve CF should open, and the pressure relay YLJ changes from 1 to 0.

[0104] (7) Fully open the manual ball valve SF, adjust the adjustable pressure reducing valve JYF according to the required pressure P, and observe the pressure gauge to adjust to the required pressure.

[0105] (8) Fully open the manual ball valve SF, open the electric valve DDF1, adjust the adjustable throttle valve JLF1 according to the required no-load flow Q1, and observe the flow meter to adjust it to the required flow. Similarly, open the electric valve DDF2, adjust the adjustable throttle valve JLF2 according to the required power generation rated flow Q2, and observe the flow meter to adjust it to the required flow.

[0106] (9) With the manual ball valve SF in full open position, quickly open and close the stop valve and record whether the pressure rise is less than 130% of the pressure. Test whether the expansion tank and the pressure relief valve can reduce the water hammer.

[0107] (10) After the adjustment is completed, close the automatic bypass valve and test whether the power and current generated by the small generator meet the capacity requirements.

[0108] (11) Test the power supply conversion device to see if it switches normally.

[0109] (12) The test is completed. The manual reversing valve SDF is set to the disengaged state, the solenoid valve DCF is in the energized state (disengaged) according to the electrical circuit design, and the entire backup power supply system is put into the hot standby state.

[0110] It should be noted that the water hammer effect refers to the smooth inner wall of the water pipe, where water flows freely. When an open valve is suddenly closed, the water flow will exert pressure on the valve and the pipe wall, mainly the valve. Due to the smooth pipe wall, the subsequent water flow quickly reaches its maximum under the action of inertia and produces a destructive effect. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, also known as positive water hammer. This factor must be considered in the construction of water conservancy pipelines. On the contrary, a closed valve will also produce water hammer after it is suddenly opened, which is called negative water hammer. It also has a certain destructive power, but not as great as the former.

[0111] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to several modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0112] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0113] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0114] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station, characterized in that: include, Obtain system operating parameters and establish a distributed power supply control model; Adjusting water flow parameters based on the control model to control the operation of the hydro-generator set; Establish a redundant switching evaluation system based on system operation data and optimize the switching control process.

2. The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of system operation parameters includes: Obtain pipeline hydraulic parameters, valve status parameters and unit operation parameters through detection devices; The acquired parameters are monitored and analyzed to form a redundant closed-loop control system.

3. The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control model adjusts the water flow parameters, including: Control the water inlet pressure through the pressure regulating device; The no-load and rated flow rates of the unit are controlled separately by the flow regulating device; The water flow is controlled by both electrical and mechanical means.

4. The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control of the operation of the hydro-generator set comprises: Execute the unit startup steps to establish no-load operating conditions; Execute the unit grid connection steps to achieve automatic grid connection; Execute the load switching procedure and switch to rated load operation.

5. The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system operation includes the following switching steps when the main power is restored: Disconnect the backup power supply through the automatic switching device; Close all regulating devices of the hydraulic system; The system enters hot standby mode.

6. The distributed redundant switching method for impulse hydropower station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The detection device comprises: The pressure detection unit includes a pressure gauge and a pressure sensor with display, which is used to monitor the water inlet pressure of the pipeline; the pressure signal relay YLJ is used to monitor the position status of the cartridge valve CF, and is equipped with two pairs of normally open and normally closed alarm nodes for status feedback; pressure monitoring instruments are set at key points of the pipeline; The flow detection unit includes a flow meter for monitoring the no-load flow of the parallel branches of JLF1 and DDF1; a flow meter for monitoring the rated flow of the parallel branches of JLF2 and DDF2; and a flow signal acquisition and conversion component; The electrical detection unit includes a power monitoring relay JD1 for detecting the factory power status; a speed sensor for monitoring the unit speed; a voltage and frequency detection device for monitoring the unit grid connection conditions; and a unit operation parameter monitoring component.

7. The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station according to claim 6, characterized in that: The regulating device comprises: The pressure control unit includes an adjustable pressure reducing valve JYF, which is used to adjust the water inlet pressure to the water head required by the unit; a pressure monitoring and display component, which is used to monitor the pressure regulation effect in real time; The flow control unit includes: JLF1 and DDF1 are connected in parallel to control the no-load start-up flow, where the DDF1-K coil is controlled to be turned on and the DDF1-G coil is controlled to be turned off; JLF2 and DDF2 are connected in parallel to control the rated power generation flow, where the DDF2-K coil is controlled to be turned on and the DDF2-G coil is controlled to be turned off; the two sets of flow control loops operate independently to form redundant control; The on-off control unit includes: electromagnetic reversing valve DCF, the valve core works in the parallel position when the coil is energized; manual reversing valve SDF, the handle is pulled to the left for the withdrawal position, and pulled to the right for the engagement position; cartridge valve CF, the upper end area is larger than the lower end area to form a self-locking characteristic; pressure signal relay YLJ, feedback the stop valve position status; The protection control unit includes an expansion tank arranged upstream of the stop valve assembly, which is provided with a nitrogen bag inside, an adjustable pressure relief valve connected in parallel with the expansion tank for pressure peak elimination, and an electric bypass valve arranged at the water diversion end of the turbine for emergency diversion protection.

8. A distributed power system for an impulse hydropower station, characterized in that: The distributed redundant switching method for an impulse hydropower station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7; and A main water diversion pipeline located in the power plant building and introduced from the upstream of the hydropower station, wherein the main water diversion pipeline forms branch pipes; Flow regulating system, pressure regulating system and stop valve system installed on each branch pipe; Combined integrated small hydro-turbine generator sets installed on each branch pipe; Water hammer protection device installed upstream of the stop valve system; Automated control systems for monitoring and control.

9. The distributed power source power system of the impulse hydropower station according to claim 8, characterized in that: The combined integrated small hydro-turbine generator set includes a hydro-turbine body, a transmission shaft, a permanent magnet generator, which does not require an external excitation system and has an ABC three-phase power output line, a side water inlet and a bottom tailwater pipe; The small hydroelectric generator set can only be used after being connected to the entire hydraulic system through pipelines.

10. The distributed power source power system of impulse hydropower station according to claim 9, characterized in that: The system is a standardized equipment integration system, including: Independent power generation units are arranged on multiple branch pipes formed by the main water supply pipeline; The system equipment and pipelines on each branch pipe adopt standardized flange interfaces; Each power generation unit can independently adjust the pressure and flow according to the parameters of the hydro-generator; The system can be expanded and integrated according to the total capacity required by the power plant to achieve distributed power supply capabilities throughout the plant.

Images