Multi-energy-field composite welding method and device for enhancing penetration of super-thick plate

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-energy-field composite welding method and device for enhancing penetration of a super-thick plate. The multi-energy-field composite welding method for enhancing penetration of the super-thick plate comprises the following steps that a plasma environment is constructed in a Y-shaped groove structure through a laser heat source, and the Y-shaped groove structure is arranged at the butt joint position of two to-be-welded plate bodies; a laser heat source and a plasma environment jointly act on an electric arc heat source, so that the electric arc heat source forms a long electric arc, and the long electric arc at least can reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. According to the method, a long electric arc is induced under the combined action of a laser heat source and a plasma environment, so that the long electric arc can deeply act on the bottom of a Y-shaped groove structure, single-side welding and double-side forming are realized, the defects of difficulty in penetration of a welding groove and difficulty in penetration of the root of the butt joint of the super-thick plate in traditional arc welding and laser arc welding are effectively overcome, and the welding quality is improved. The advantages of deep penetration of a welding groove, high penetration capacity, low filling amount, small welding seam deformation and the like are achieved, and the welding stability is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of welding, and provides a multi-energy field composite welding method and a device for realizing enhanced penetration of ultra-thick plates by utilizing laser arc composite welding. Background Art

[0002] Laser arc hybrid welding is a new welding method that combines the advantages of laser welding and arc welding. It uses laser and arc as dual heat sources, acting on the same molten pool at the same time. The laser beam can guide and stabilize the arc, and the arc increases the metal's absorption rate of the laser and enhances the droplet transition bridging ability. This method gives full play to the advantages of laser welding and arc welding, while making up for their respective shortcomings.

[0003] However, when laser arc hybrid welding is used in the welding of ultra-thick plates (more than 20mm thick), there are generally defects such as too large welding grooves, difficulty in melting through the grooves, too much weld filling, and excessive deformation at the interface. For example, there are many key load-bearing components on the body of rail transit vehicles, such as coupler mounting seats, which play a key role in the coupling and traction of train marshaling vehicles, and usually bear high alternating and impact loads. Such key load-bearing components are usually made of ultra-thick aluminum alloy plates of more than 20mm. If arc welding is used alone, there are problems such as a large number of weld layers, low product qualification rate, large welding deformation, and high residual stress; if the above-mentioned laser arc hybrid welding is used, there will still be problems such as difficulty in melting through the roots of ultra-thick plates at the joints, difficulty in overflowing weld pores, and some of the problems of laser hybrid welding mentioned above. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates, which can solve the defects of difficult penetration of welding grooves and difficult penetration of roots at the joints of ultra-thick plates in traditional arc welding and laser arc welding, and achieve the advantages of deep penetration of welding grooves, strong penetration capacity, low filling volume, small weld deformation, etc., effectively improving welding stability.

[0005] The invention also provides a multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates.

[0006] The invention provides a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration, which comprises the following steps.

[0007] A plasma environment is constructed in a Y-shaped groove structure by using a laser heat source. The Y-shaped groove structure is arranged at the butt joint of two plates to be welded.

[0008] The laser heat source and the plasma environment are used to act on the arc heat source, so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0009] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the step of constructing a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure using a laser heat source further includes the following steps.

[0010] Laser hybrid welding is used to weld along the length direction of the Y-shaped groove structure. The laser hybrid welding includes the laser heat source and the arc heat source, and the laser heat source is located in front of the arc heat source.

[0011] The laser beam action section of the laser heat source at least covers the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure, so that the butt joint forms the plasma environment.

[0012] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the laser beam action section of the laser heat source at least covers the joint portion of the Y-shaped groove structure so that the joint portion forms the plasma environment, and the step further includes: the laser beam action section at least acts on the top of the joint to melt the parent material at the top of the joint; a part of the melted parent material flows to the bottom of the joint, and the other part is heated and vaporized to form plasma, and the plasma is located in the gap of the joint to construct the plasma environment in the gap of the joint.

[0013] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the step of utilizing the laser heat source and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source together to form a long arc from the arc heat source, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, further includes the following steps.

[0014] The arc heat source acts on the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure and forms a conventional arc.

[0015] Based on the suppressing effect of the laser heat source and the guiding effect of the plasma environment, the conventional arc is induced and transformed into the long arc.

[0016] According to a multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the stiffness of the long arc is greater than the stiffness of the conventional arc, and the arc length of the long arc is greater than the arc length of the conventional arc.

[0017] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates of the present invention, the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates also includes the following steps.

[0018] The arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure is collected and monitored in real time.

[0019] Based on the arc information, the arc voltage of the arc heat source is regulated online.

[0020] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the step of online regulating the arc voltage of the arc heat source based on the arc information further includes the following contents.

[0021] The arc information includes an arc signal and an arc length.

[0022] If the arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, it is further determined whether the arc length exceeds the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. If so, the current arc voltage is reduced; otherwise, the arc voltage is maintained unchanged.

[0023] If the arc signal is not collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, the current arc voltage is increased until the arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0024] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the Y-shaped groove structure includes a butt joint portion and a groove portion.

[0025] The butt joint portion is vertically arranged and formed between the butt joint end surfaces of the two plate bodies, and a gap is formed at the butt joint end surfaces of the two plate bodies.

[0026] The groove portion is connected to the butt joint portion and is located at a position of the butt joint portion close to the welding surface.

[0027] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the groove portion includes a ramp and a slope bottom, and the ramp and the slope bottom are sequentially connected between the welding surface and the butt joint.

[0028] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the ramp is arranged obliquely downward relative to the surface of the plate body; and the ramps on the two plate bodies tend to gradually approach each other from the welding surface to the butt joint.

[0029] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the bottom of the slope is an arc-shaped slope, and the slope of the bottom of the slope is less than or equal to the slope of the ramp.

[0030] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the two plate bodies include a first plate body and a second plate body, and the end face of the first plate body is butted against the end face of the second plate body to form a gap; the butt joint includes a plurality of convex joints, and all of the convex joints are located in the gap.

[0031] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the butt joint includes at least two convex joints, all of which are fixed to the end surface of the first plate body and can contact the end surface of the second plate body.

[0032] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, adjacent convex joints are arranged at intervals.

[0033] According to a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of the present invention, the thickness of the two plate bodies is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

[0034] The present invention also provides a multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the melt penetration of ultra-thick plates, which can execute the above-mentioned multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the melt penetration of ultra-thick plates; the multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the melt penetration of ultra-thick plates includes an arc module, a laser module and a drive module.

[0035] The arc module is provided with an arc heat source.

[0036] The laser module is formed with a laser heat source, which is used to construct a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure using the laser heat source, and use the laser heat source and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source together, so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0037] A driving module is connected to the laser module and the arc module, and is used to drive the laser heat source and the arc heat source to perform welding along the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0038] According to the present invention, a multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration also includes: a welding monitoring module, connected to the laser module and the arc module, for real-time acquisition and monitoring of arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, and based on the arc information, online regulation of the arc voltage of the arc heat source.

[0039] The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates proposed in the present invention comprises the following steps: using a laser heat source to construct a plasma environment in a Y-shaped groove structure, wherein the Y-shaped groove structure is arranged at the butt joint of two plates to be welded; using a laser heat source and a plasma environment to act on an arc heat source together, so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. This method uses a laser heat source to construct a plasma environment in a Y-shaped groove structure, thereby creating an environment that is easy to induce a long arc, and by setting a Y-shaped groove structure, the positioning and docking of ultra-thick plates are achieved, effectively resisting deformation during welding, avoiding welding shrinkage, and ensuring the stability of the butt joint of the two plates during welding; a long arc is induced by the joint action of a laser heat source and a plasma environment, so that the long arc can deeply act on the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, achieving single-sided welding and double-sided forming.

[0040] Compared with traditional laser arc welding, this method can solve the engineering problems existing in ultra-thick plate welding, and effectively solve the defects of traditional arc welding and laser arc welding, such as difficulty in melting through the welding groove and difficulty in melting through the root of the ultra-thick plate joint. It enhances the welding stability of ultra-thick plates and the melting through ability of the weld root, and achieves the advantages of deep melting through the welding groove, strong melting through ability, low filling amount, and small weld deformation, effectively improving welding stability.

[0041] The multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates proposed in the present invention comprises: an arc module, a laser module and a driving module. The arc module is formed with an arc heat source. The laser module is formed with a laser heat source. The driving module connects the laser module and the arc module, and is used to drive the laser heat source and the arc heat source to weld along the Y-shaped groove structure, so that the arc module and the laser module are used to jointly perform the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates. The welding device has all the advantages of the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates by performing the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram of the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of some types and evolution of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a basic structural schematic diagram of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 It is a specific structural schematic diagram of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 It is a front sectional view of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 It is a top view of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first plate body provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second plate body provided by the present invention.

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the joint of the Y-shaped groove structure provided by the present invention.

[0052] Fig.10 It is a stress analysis diagram of the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0053] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the laser heat source and the arc heat source of the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0054] Fig.12 and Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the position and principle of the laser heat source acting on the Y-shaped groove structure in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0055] Fig.14 and Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the long arc induction process in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0056] Fig.16 It is a high-speed photograph of the long arc induction process in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0057] Fig.17 It is a schematic flow diagram of long arc maintenance and dynamic adjustment in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhanced ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0058] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the logic principle of long arc maintenance and dynamic adjustment in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0059] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the specific dimensions of the Y-shaped groove structure in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0060] Fig. 20 , Fig.21 , Fig. 22 and Fig.23 It is a high-speed photograph of the induction and maintenance of a long arc in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration provided by the present invention.

[0061] Fig.24 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of weld bead layers in a weldment obtained by welding using a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0062] Fig.25 It is a macroscopic metallographic image of a weld bead in a weldment obtained by welding using a multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0063] Fig.26 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of weld bead layers in a weldment obtained by welding using a traditional arc welding method in a comparative example provided by the present invention.

[0064] Fig. 27 It is a macroscopic metallographic image of a weld bead in a weldment obtained by welding using a traditional arc welding method in a comparative example provided by the present invention.

[0065] Reference numerals: 1. Groove portion; 11. Ramp; 12. Bottom of slope; 2. Butt joint; 3. Convex joint; 4. First plate body; 5. Second plate body; 6. Molten drop; 7. Arc heat source; 71. Long arc; 8. Laser heat source; 81. Laser beam emitting section; 82. Laser beam focal section; 83. Laser beam action section; 9. Electric charge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0067] Reference Figures 1 to 25 As shown, the present invention describes in detail the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration (the present invention may be referred to as “the method”) and the multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration that can execute the method (the present invention may be referred to as “the welding device”) through the following embodiments.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration proposed by the present invention includes the following steps.

[0069] Step 1: Use a laser heat source 8 to construct a plasma environment in a Y-shaped groove structure, wherein the Y-shaped groove structure is arranged at the butt joint of two plates to be welded.

[0070] Step 2: Use the laser heat source 8 and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source 7, so that the arc heat source 7 forms a long arc 71, so that the long arc 71 can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0071] The method described in the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the laser heat source 8 to construct a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure, thereby creating an environment that is easy to induce the long arc 71, and realizes the positioning and docking of ultra-thick plates by setting the Y-shaped groove structure, effectively resisting deformation during welding, avoiding welding shrinkage, and ensuring the stability of the docking point of the two plates during welding; the long arc 71 is induced by the joint action of the laser heat source 8 and the plasma environment, so that the long arc 71 can act deeply on the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, realizing single-sided welding and double-sided forming.

[0072] It should be noted that the super thick plate refers to a plate with a thickness greater than or equal to 20 mm. Therefore, the plate thickness of the plate to be welded described in the embodiment of the present invention is greater than or equal to 20 mm. Preferably, the plate to be welded in the embodiment of the present invention is an aluminum alloy plate with a thickness greater than or equal to 20 mm, which can usually be applied to the body and the coupling mounting seat of a rail vehicle.

[0073] In some embodiments, in order to achieve high penetration, small filling and low heat input of the weldment during ultra-thick plate welding, the method adopts a high energy density laser arc hybrid welding method, and performs the following analysis based on the welding heat source characteristics of laser arc hybrid welding.

[0074] Laser arc hybrid welding is a welding method that uses laser heat source 8 and arc heat source 7 as dual heat sources, acting on the same molten pool at the same time, using laser to guide and stabilize the arc, and using the arc to increase the metal's absorption rate of laser, thereby enhancing the transition bridging ability of the molten droplet 6. The laser beam formed by the laser heat source 8 has the characteristics of high energy density and rapid heating, while the arc has a large heat-affected zone and a stable welding process. This dual heat source effect enables laser arc hybrid welding to achieve high penetration depth and wide molten pool at the same time during the welding process, thereby improving welding quality and efficiency.

[0075] Laser arc hybrid welding can achieve efficient energy utilization. The high energy density and rapid heating characteristics of the laser beam cause the metal in the molten pool to melt quickly and form small holes, while the arc fills the molten pool and small holes to achieve full heating and penetration of the molten pool. This efficient energy utilization characteristic gives laser arc hybrid welding a significant advantage in the welding of thick plates and thick materials.

[0076] On this basis, the method of the embodiment of the present invention sets a Y-shaped groove structure for the docking position of the ultra-thick plate, so as to achieve reliable positioning of the assembly gap during welding, effectively resist welding deformation, and establish a reliable foundation for creating a stable long arc 71 inducing environment.

[0077] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the Y-shaped groove structure described in the embodiment of the present invention includes a butt joint 2 and a groove portion 1. The groove portion 1 is connected to the butt joint 2 and is located at a position of the butt joint 2 close to the welding surface. In the embodiment of the present invention, the surface close to the position of the laser heat source 8 and the arc heat source 7 on the two plates is the front of the plate, that is, the upper surface of the plate, that is, the above-mentioned welding surface; and the surface away from the position of the laser heat source 8 and the arc heat source 7 is the back of the plate, that is, the lower surface of the plate. The butt joint 2 is vertically arranged and formed between the end faces (that is, the blunt edges) of the two butt joints.

[0078] In some embodiments, the selection and deformation of the Y-shaped groove structure refer to Figure 2 The Y-shaped groove structure is preferably provided at the joint of the two plates to give full play to the advantages of the dual heat sources of the laser heat source 8 and the arc heat source 7 . Figure 2 The groove A shown in the figure is the basic structure of the Y-shaped groove structure. The groove angle of groove A is large, and the welding filling volume is large. Since the arc welding has a small penetration ability, the blunt edge size is small. Since the penetration ability of laser hybrid welding is stronger than that of arc welding, in order to avoid that the butt joint 2 is too easy to penetrate and the heat input is too high, which affects the welding quality, a groove structure with a blunt edge larger than the groove A can be selected. Figure 2 The groove B shown. Furthermore, based on the concentrated arc density of laser hybrid welding, a groove structure with a smaller groove angle is selected, referring to Figure 2 The groove C shown. Further, since the root of the groove portion 1 and the butt portion 2 of the groove C is relatively sharp, in order to reduce the root welding defects, a platform is added at the root position of the groove C, referring to Figure 2 The groove D shown. Furthermore, there is still a sharp tip at the connection between the platform at the root of the groove D and the inclined ramp 11 of the groove D, which is prone to produce unfused defects. To improve this defect, the connection between the inclined ramp 11 and the platform at the root of the groove is optimized to an arc-shaped slope structure, thereby evolving the groove portion 1 into a groove structure similar to a U-shaped structure. Figure 2 The groove E shown. In summary, the groove E is the most preferred Y-shaped groove structure selected in the method described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0079] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate accurate self-positioning of the assembly gap between the two plates before welding, such as Figure 4As shown, preferably, a gap is formed at the butt joint 2 between the two plates. The gap can not only ensure accurate assembly and welding positioning, but also provide a reliable space for the induction of the long arc 71, so that the long arc 71 can penetrate the gap of the butt joint 2 to reach the bottom of the weldment, thus achieving single-sided welding and double-sided forming. Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the two plates include a first plate 4 and a second plate 5, and the end surface of the first plate 4 is butted against the end surface of the second plate 5 to form the above-mentioned gap.

[0080] In some specific embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the groove portion 1 of the Y-shaped groove structure includes a ramp 11 and a slope bottom 12, and the ramp 11 and the slope bottom 12 are sequentially connected between the welding surface and the butt joint 2. In order to facilitate the guidance of the heat input and input accuracy of the laser heat source 8 and the arc heat source 7, the ramp 11 is preferably arranged downwardly inclined relative to the surface of the plate body; and the ramps 11 on the two plates tend to gradually approach from the welding surface to the butt joint 2. This setting can also ensure that the heat input energy is more concentrated at the root of the groove portion 1, so as to achieve sufficient welding penetration capacity with a smaller heat input. Moreover, this setting also enables the weld to better disperse stress when subjected to force, thereby improving the strength of the welded joint, which is more conducive to realizing that the ultra-thick plate can withstand a larger load after butt welding, and improving the structural strength and stability of the weld.

[0081] In some specific embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the bottom 12 of the groove portion 1 is preferably an arc-shaped slope, and the slope of the bottom 12 is less than or equal to the slope of the ramp 11. This setting ensures that the amount of weld metal required is less than that required by other types of groove structures under the same weldment thickness, which is more helpful to reduce the use of welding materials and reduce welding costs; and, in the welding process under the same conditions, relatively less welding heat can be used, and the weld deformation caused is also reduced accordingly, so that the root is easier to penetrate, thereby improving the welding quality; and, this setting can also make the Y-shaped groove structure as a whole better disperse stress when subjected to force, so as to maintain high-precision welding and ensure better dimensional stability of the weldment.

[0082] In some embodiments, Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the preferred butt joint 2 includes a plurality of convex joints 3, and all convex joints 3 are located in the gap. This arrangement can realize the self-positioning and anti-deformation of the blunt edge of the super-thick plate butt joint, and by providing the convex joints 3, it is ensured that the plate bodies can be contacted by the convex joints 3 to eliminate the assembly gap, and can effectively resist the structural deformation during the welding process, avoid welding shrinkage, and thus ensure the stability of the gap during the welding process.

[0083] In some specific embodiments, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the docking portion 2 includes at least two male connectors 3. All male connectors 3 are fixed to the end surface of the first plate body 4 and can contact the end surface of the second plate body 5. This structural arrangement allows the first plate body 4 to form a Figure 7 The structure shown in FIG. 1 is as follows: the second plate 5 is formed as follows Figure 8 In this way, it is only necessary to make the first plate 4 and the second plate 5 contact each other through the convex joint 3, so that the positioning contact can be achieved structurally without the need for additional position adjustment of the gap, which is convenient for assembly and can ensure that there is a long arc 71 inducing space between the two plates.

[0084] In some specific embodiments, adjacent male connectors 3 are spaced apart to reserve a plasma environment with a large enough space for inducing a long arc 71. Figure 6 As shown, two convex joints 3 are arranged at intervals on the butt end face of the first plate body 4. The contact surface is positioned by two lines to ensure that the end face contact assembly of the first plate body 4 and the second plate body 5 is reliable and stable, and the assembly gap is ensured. A plasma environment for inducing a long arc 71 is left between the two convex joints 3 and on both sides, thereby achieving stable welding and improving welding quality.

[0085] It should be noted that in the method described in the embodiment of the present invention, the two plates to be welded can be pre-assembled and butted to achieve joint assembly. During the joint assembly process, a first plate 4 and a second plate 5 are selected to be assembled and butted to form a Y-shaped groove structure. Figure 7 The first plate body 4 shown in the figure is fixedly connected to the male joint 3 at the butt end face to realize self-positioning, and Figure 8 The butt joint end surface of the second plate 5 is smooth, which is convenient for direct contact and connection with the male connector 3 of the first plate 4. Since the first plate 4 is provided with a male connector 3 of a fixed height on the butt joint end surface, not only can the assembly self-positioning between the two plates be achieved, but also the protruding height of the male connector 3 can directly determine the gap width formed by the butt joint 2, thereby ensuring that the gap is uniform during the assembly process of the plates to be welded, and can effectively resist the structural shrinkage during the welding process. That is, as Fig. 9 As shown, the gap width D of the butt joint 2 formed by the Y-shaped groove structure between the first plate body 4 and the second plate body 5 is equal to the protruding height d of the male joint 3. Therefore, the first plate body 4 and the second plate body 5 can achieve self-positioning by contacting through the male joint 3, ensuring that the gap of the joint assembly meets the process requirements, and there is no need to adjust the size of the joint gap.

[0086] It should be noted that in the method described in the embodiment of the present invention, the ultra-thick plate forms liquid metal during the welding process due to the heating of the metal and shrinks after solidification. Fig.10As shown, as the molten droplet 6 moves, a welding shrinkage force F1 is generated on both sides of the weld, and the welding shrinkage force F1 squeezes the weld on both sides of the weld formed by the molten droplet 6. However, since the Y-shaped groove structure is provided with a convex joint 3 at the butt joint 2, the welding shrinkage force F1 squeezes the convex joint 3 at the butt joint 2, causing the convex joint 3 to generate a reverse resistance force T1, so the resistance force T1 generated by the convex joint 3 plays a better role in resisting welding deformation, and effectively fixes the gap of the butt joint 2, ensuring the consistency of the joint gap during the welding process. Fig.10 The arrow M in FIG. 1 shows the welding direction.

[0087] In some specific embodiments of the Y-shaped groove structure, at least one set of specific embodiments is given to describe the detailed dimensions of the Y-shaped groove structure. Figure 3 As shown, the height of the butt joint 2 is set to the blunt edge dimension a, and the dimensions of the groove portion 1 include the groove opening b and the groove depth h. Since the penetration ability of the laser arc hybrid welding determines the blunt edge dimension a of the two plates in the Y-shaped groove structure, in order to achieve single-pass welding of the cover, the coverage range of the welding arc heat source 7 determines the groove opening b, and the net elongation of the arc heat source 7 determines the groove depth h, and the welding capacity of this method acting on the ultra-thick plate is the plate thickness h+a of the two plates. Using the welding process test corresponding to this method, the specific parameter table of the Y-shaped groove structure is shown in the following table.

[0088] Table 1. Specific parameters of Y-shaped groove structure

[0089] Based on the specific structure of the above-mentioned Y-shaped groove structure, the welding method for ultra-thick plate welding of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0090] In some embodiments, the above step 1: constructing a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure using a laser heat source 8, further includes the following steps.

[0091] Step 11: Use laser hybrid welding to weld along the length direction of the Y-shaped groove structure. The laser hybrid welding includes a laser heat source 8 and an arc heat source 7, and the laser heat source 8 is located in front of the arc heat source 7.

[0092] Step 12: The laser beam action section 83 of the laser heat source 8 at least covers the docking portion 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure, so that the docking portion 2 forms a plasma environment.

[0093] It should be noted that if Fig.11As shown, in order to effectively lengthen the welding arc and increase arc penetration by using the laser heat source 8 during the welding process, the laser heat source 8 and the arc heat source 7 are reasonably arranged according to the characteristics of the laser and the arc based on step 11 during the welding process, and the laser heat source 8 is arranged in front of the welding direction M, and the arc heat source 7 is arranged behind the laser, so that the laser beam formed by the laser heat source 8 is always located in front of the welding arc formed by the arc heat source 7. This setting can ensure that the laser beam acts preferentially in the Y-shaped groove structure to construct a plasma environment, and as the welding moves forward, the welding arc entering and in the plasma environment can be affected by the previous laser beam and induce the generation of a long arc 71, so as to achieve the purpose of reliable induction of the long arc 71. Preferably, the distance between the laser heat source 8 and the welding heat source is 2mm~4mm, and most preferably 3mm. This is to avoid the two being too close or too far away to affect the induction effect of the long arc 71.

[0094] It should be noted that, according to step 12, the laser beam formed by the laser heat source 8 includes a laser beam emitting section 81, a laser beam focal section 82 and a laser beam action section 83. Fig.12 By ensuring that the laser beam action section 83 at least covers the docking portion 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure, it can be ensured that the laser beam action section 83 can act on the entire gap of the docking portion 2, thereby constructing a plasma environment with a sufficiently large space, which is more conducive to the stable induction of the long arc 71.

[0095] In some specific embodiments, the above step 12: the laser beam action section 83 of the laser heat source 8 at least covers the joint portion 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure to form a plasma environment at the joint portion 2, further includes the following: the laser beam action section 83 at least acts on the top of the joint to melt the parent material at the top of the joint; a part of the melted parent material flows to the bottom of the joint, and the other part is heated and vaporized to form plasma, and the plasma is located in the gap of the joint to construct a plasma environment in the gap of the joint, refer to Fig.13 This arrangement can reliably achieve laser coverage of the butt joint 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure, and utilize the melting process of the base material to achieve reliable penetration through flow and improve the penetration capacity, and on the other hand, utilize the heat and gasification of the base material to form plasma in the gap, change the welding environment in the gap, and utilize the movement of the charges 9 in the plasma to produce an accurate, efficient and reliable influence on the subsequent welding arc.

[0096] In some embodiments, step 2 of the method described in the present invention: utilizing the laser heat source 8 and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source 7 so that the arc heat source 7 forms a long arc 71, so that the long arc 71 can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, further includes the following steps.

[0097] Step 21: The arc heat source 7 acts on the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure and forms a conventional arc.

[0098] Step 22: Based on the suppression effect of the laser heat source 8 and the guiding effect of the plasma environment, the conventional arc is induced and transformed into a long arc 71.

[0099] It should be noted that if Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown, the above-mentioned step 21 actually means that the welding arc generated by the welding heat source is a conventional arc or an induced long arc 71. During the welding process, since the arc heat source 7 is behind the laser heat source 8, that is, the welding wire used to generate the conventional arc is behind the laser beam, the welding wire and the root of the groove portion 1 first form a conventional arc; the conventional arc is suppressed by the laser beam and guided by the plasma in the plasma environment in the gap of the butt joint 2, so that the stiffness of the welding arc increases and the length increases until the welding arc reaches the bottom of the butt joint 2, thereby converting the conventional arc into a long arc 71. As the arc length of the welding arc increases, the base material at the bottom of the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure can be heated and melted, thereby achieving stable and reliable deep penetration welding of the long arc 71. The method of the embodiment of the present invention records the welding arc by high-speed video during the welding process, and obtains the image and action mechanism of the long arc 71 as shown in the figure. Fig.16 shown.

[0100] It should be noted that, based on the above principle description, the stiffness of the long arc 71 described in the embodiment of the present invention is greater than that of a conventional arc. The arc length of the long arc 71 described in the embodiment of the present invention is greater than that of a conventional arc.

[0101] In some embodiments, after setting a reasonable process to induce the long arc 71 based on the above steps 1 and 2, the method further includes the step of maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71. This step maintains the effect of the long arc 71 during the welding process by means of the composite laser heat source 8 and reducing the side wall attraction, thereby ensuring that the deep penetration welding during the welding process is more stable and reliable. Specifically, Fig.17 As shown, the maintaining and dynamically adjusting steps specifically include the following steps.

[0102] Step 31: Collect and monitor the arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure in real time.

[0103] Step 32: Based on the arc information, the arc voltage of the arc heat source 7 is regulated online.

[0104] The steps of maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71 described in the embodiment of the present invention can monitor the arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure in real time by implementing steps 31 and 32 (i.e., Fig.17Arc detection as shown in the figure) to achieve reliable arc information feedback (i.e. Fig.17 As shown, the arc information is fed back to the parameter feedback processor, and the arc voltage of the arc heat source 7 is dynamically adjusted (i.e., as shown in FIG. Fig.17 The welding parameters shown in the figure are adjusted), thereby ensuring that the welding machine power supply can output the adjusted welding parameters (i.e., as shown in the figure) to the arc heat source 7. Fig.17 The output adjustment parameters shown in the figure) are used to realize real-time dynamic adjustment in this cycle. This process can maintain a stable long arc 71 welding process after the long arc 71 is generated, and ensure the output of stable welding process parameters, thereby obtaining a more stable welding process.

[0105] In some specific embodiments, Fig.18 As shown, the step 32: based on the arc information, the step of online regulating the arc voltage of the arc heat source 7 further includes the following contents. It should be noted that the arc information includes the arc signal and the arc length.

[0106] If the arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, it means that the long arc 71 has been able to melt through to the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. On this basis, it is further judged whether the arc length exceeds the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. If so, it indicates that the long arc 71 is too long, and the current arc voltage is reduced accordingly; otherwise, it means that the parameters of the long arc 71 meet the welding requirements, and the arc voltage is maintained unchanged.

[0107] If no arc signal is collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, it means that the long arc 71 is too short, and the current arc voltage is increased accordingly until an arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

[0108] That is, in the method described in the embodiment of the present invention, the arc voltage is controlled in real time by the arc signal and the arc length, so as to achieve reliable maintenance and optimization of the long arc 71.

[0109] In some specific embodiments, after completing arc signal acquisition and arc length data determination, the method further determines whether the arc temperature is too high. If so, the current arc voltage is reduced accordingly; otherwise, the arc voltage is maintained unchanged. This temperature determination can effectively prevent the long arc 71 from having too much heat output, thereby reducing welding quality, damaging the welding environment, and affecting the welding process.

[0110] It should be noted that in order to reliably detect the arc signal at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, it is preferred to set an arc signal receiving sensor at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. The sensor is connected to the above-mentioned parameter feedback processor through a signal, and the parameter feedback processor is connected to the welding power supply through a signal. The welding power supply is connected to the welding device through a signal, thereby realizing reliable monitoring of the welding process and maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71.

[0111] The specific embodiment of the present invention provides a method for butt welding of an ultra-thick aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 20 mm. The ultra-thick plate is a 6005A aluminum alloy thick plate with a thickness of 20 mm. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates described in the embodiment of the present invention is used for welding. In order to meet the long arc 71 induction condition, the welding groove structure formed between the two plates of the ultra-thick plate is as follows Fig.19 The specific dimensions are shown in Table 2.

[0112] Table 2. Specific parameters of welding groove structure of specific embodiment

[0113] The method of this specific embodiment is used to weld the above-mentioned ultra-thick plate. Fig. 20 and Fig.21 The high-speed image of the long arc 71 induced in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhanced ultra-thick plate penetration of this specific embodiment is shown, in which it can be seen that the welding wire of the arc heat source 7 penetrates into the groove part 1 of the Y-shaped groove structure, and generates a welding arc toward the root of the groove part 1; the groove edge (i.e., the ramp 11) is located on both sides of the welding wire; the long arc 71 is formed in the gap of the docking part 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure, and passes through the gap to reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. Fig. 22 and Fig.23 The high-speed image of the formation and maintenance of the long arc 71 in the multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration of this specific embodiment is shown, in which it can be seen that the molten droplet 6 is located above the root of the groove portion 1 of the Y-shaped groove structure, and the long arc 71 is maintained in the gap of the butt joint portion 2 of the Y-shaped groove structure and can always reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. Fig. 22 The T marked in is the starting time of a unit pulse period, wherein the unit pulse period means that the welding transition mode adopted in the welding method described in the embodiment of the present invention is a pulse transition.

[0114] The relationship between the arc voltage and arc length of the ultra-thick plate is shown in Table 3.

[0115] Table 3. Relationship between arc voltage and arc length

[0116] It can be seen that the specific embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates, and adopts a large blunt edge, narrow groove, and a gentle bottom groove for ultra-thick aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of more than 20 mm. It can effectively reduce the weld filling, and at the same time reliably ensure the assembly gap of the welded joint, and effectively resist the deformation during the welding process, ensuring the stability of the joint gap. During the welding process, the method can effectively utilize laser arc composite welding, and by creating a long arc 71 inducing environment, a long arc 71 can be used for welding during the welding process, and arc information is collected and fed back during the welding process, and welding parameters are adjusted in real time according to the arc information to maintain the long arc 71 welding process.

[0117] Another control group was selected to conduct a comparative experiment with the above embodiment. In the control group, the sizes of the two plates of the ultra-thick plate were the same as those in the above specific embodiment, but the groove structure between the two plates adopted a conventional V-shaped groove. The control group was welded using ordinary arc welding.

[0118] Through comparative tests, it can be seen that the weldments obtained by using the multi-energy field composite welding method to enhance the penetration of ultra-thick plates are as follows: Fig.24 and Fig.25 As shown, Fig.25 The 10mm shown in the figure and the line segment below it are used as the unit reference length scale with a length of 10mm. Fig.25 The plate thickness direction shown in is not less than 2 scale lengths, that is, the plate thickness is greater than or equal to 20 mm. The weldment obtained by welding using the welding method of the control group is as follows Fig.26 and Fig. 27 As shown, by comparing the two, it can be seen that the number of weld passes of the weldment obtained by the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhanced ultra-thick plate penetration is significantly reduced, the structural strength of the molten pool metallography is significantly stronger, and the welding quality is better.

[0119] The welding device provided by the present invention is described below. The welding device described below and the method described above can be referred to each other.

[0120] The multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates described in the embodiment of the present invention can perform the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates described above. The multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates includes an arc module, a laser module and a driving module. The arc module is formed with an arc heat source 7. The laser module is formed with a laser heat source 8. The laser module is used to construct a plasma environment in a Y-shaped groove structure using a plasma environment laser heat source 8, and to use the plasma environment laser heat source 8 and the plasma environment plasma environment to act on the plasma environment arc heat source 7 together, so that the plasma environment arc heat source 7 forms a long arc 71, so that the plasma environment long arc 71 can at least reach the bottom of the plasma environment Y-shaped groove structure. The driving module connects the plasma environment laser module and the plasma environment arc module, and is used to drive the plasma environment laser heat source 8 and the plasma environment arc heat source 7 to weld along the plasma environment Y-shaped groove structure. The welding device has all the advantages of the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates by executing the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates, which will not be described in detail here.

[0121] In some embodiments, the welding device further includes a welding monitoring module, so that the above-mentioned steps of maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71 can be performed. Specifically, the welding monitoring module is connected to the plasma environment laser module and the plasma environment arc module, and is used to collect and monitor the arc information at the bottom of the plasma environment Y-shaped groove structure in real time, and can adjust the arc voltage of the plasma environment arc heat source 7 online based on the plasma environment arc information. The welding device performs the steps of maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71 in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates, so that all the advantages corresponding to the steps of maintaining and dynamically adjusting the long arc 71 in the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing the penetration of ultra-thick plates are obtained, and no further description is given here.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A plasma environment is constructed in a Y-shaped groove structure by using a laser heat source, wherein the Y-shaped groove structure is arranged at the butt joint of two plates to be welded; The laser heat source and the plasma environment are used to act on the arc heat source, so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

2. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of constructing a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure using a laser heat source further comprises: Welding along the length direction of the Y-shaped groove structure by using laser hybrid welding, wherein the laser hybrid welding comprises the laser heat source and the arc heat source, and the laser heat source is located in front of the arc heat source; The laser beam action section of the laser heat source at least covers the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure, so that the butt joint forms the plasma environment.

3. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step of the laser beam action section of the laser heat source at least covering the docking portion of the Y-shaped groove structure so that the docking portion forms the plasma environment further includes: The laser beam action section at least acts on the top of the joint to melt the parent material at the top of the joint; A portion of the melted parent material flows toward the bottom of the joint, and another portion is heated and vaporized to form plasma, and the plasma is located in the gap at the joint to construct the plasma environment in the gap at the joint.

4. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of using the laser heat source and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, further includes: The arc heat source acts on the butt joint of the Y-shaped groove structure and forms a conventional arc; Based on the suppressing effect of the laser heat source and the guiding effect of the plasma environment, the conventional arc is induced and transformed into the long arc.

5. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The stiffness of the long arc is greater than that of the conventional arc, and the arc length of the long arc is greater than that of the conventional arc.

6. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration also includes the following steps: Collecting and monitoring arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure in real time; Based on the arc information, the arc voltage of the arc heat source is regulated online.

7. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step of online regulating the arc voltage of the arc heat source based on the arc information further comprises: The arc information includes an arc signal and an arc length; If the arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, it is further determined whether the arc length exceeds the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure. If so, the current arc voltage is reduced; otherwise, the arc voltage is maintained unchanged; If the arc signal is not collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure, the current arc voltage is increased until the arc signal can be collected at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure.

8. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The Y-shaped groove structure comprises: A butt joint portion is vertically arranged and formed between the butt joint end surfaces of the two plates, and a gap is formed at the butt joint end surfaces of the two plates; The groove portion is connected to the butt joint portion and is located at a position of the butt joint portion close to the welding surface.

9. The multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The groove portion includes a ramp and a slope bottom, and the ramp and the slope bottom are sequentially connected between the welding surface and the butt joint.

10. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ramp is arranged obliquely downward relative to the surface of the plate body; and the ramps on the two plate bodies tend to gradually approach each other from the welding surface to the butt joint.

11. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the slope is an arc-shaped slope, and the slope of the bottom of the slope is less than or equal to the slope of the ramp.

12. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two plates include a first plate and a second plate, the end surface of the first plate butts with the end surface of the second plate to form a gap; the butt joint includes a plurality of convex joints, and all of the convex joints are located in the gap.

13. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 12, characterized in that: The docking portion includes at least two convex joints, all of which are fixedly connected to the end surface of the first plate body and can contact the end surface of the second plate body.

14. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 13, characterized in that: Adjacent convex joints are arranged at intervals.

15. The multi-energy field hybrid welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the two plates is greater than or equal to 20 mm.

16. A multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration, characterized in that: Able to perform the multi-energy field composite welding method for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration as described in any one of claims 1 to 15; The multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration comprises: An arc module is formed with an arc heat source; A laser module is formed with a laser heat source, and is used to construct a plasma environment in the Y-shaped groove structure by using the laser heat source, and use the laser heat source and the plasma environment to act on the arc heat source together, so that the arc heat source forms a long arc, so that the long arc can at least reach the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure; A driving module is connected to the laser module and the arc module, and is used to drive the laser heat source and the arc heat source to perform welding along the Y-shaped groove structure.

17. The multi-energy field composite welding device for enhancing ultra-thick plate penetration according to claim 16, characterized in that: Also includes: The welding monitoring module is connected to the laser module and the arc module, and is used to collect and monitor the arc information at the bottom of the Y-shaped groove structure in real time, and can adjust the arc voltage of the arc heat source online based on the arc information.

Images