Special fertilizer used before fruit bearing of vine hanging watermelons and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a special fertilizer used before fruit bearing of vine hanging watermelons as well as a preparation method and application of the special fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The special fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of macroelements, 0.07-0.09 part of microelements, 3-8 parts of a root growth promoting agent, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of a microbial agent and 2-5 parts of auxiliary materials, the root growth promoting agent is prepared from high-molecular polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharide, nicotinamide and brassin; the microbial agent is prepared from bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus, streptomyces jingyangensis and azotobacter chroococcum. The special fertilizer provided by the invention can improve the absorption rate of nutrient substances, improve the root activity of watermelons, promote the growth of the root systems, stems and leaves of the watermelons, contribute to improving the absorption and utilization of nutrient components after fruit bearing in the later period, and lay a solid foundation for the growth of fruits in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a special fertilizer used before hanging vine watermelons bear fruit, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon is an annual plant of the species Citrullus in the Cucurbitaceae family. It is an economic crop with a long history of cultivation in my country and has multiple uses such as food and medicine. The growth cycle of watermelon can be divided into four periods: germination period, seedling period, vine period and fruiting period. Different growth stages have different growth characteristics: the germination period is the development period of roots and leaves, and it is necessary to prevent excessive growth and promote root and leaf development; the seedling period is the period of root growth and organ differentiation, and at this time, it is necessary to pay attention to the growth of the root system; in the vine period, the main purpose of fertilization becomes to promote the growth of stems and leaves and ensure the formation of flower organs, so as to ensure smooth fruiting; and in the fruiting period, the fruit begins to grow, and at this time it is necessary to adjust the balance between nutritional growth and fruit development to ensure the product and quality of the fruit. It can be seen that in different growth stages, the growth pattern is different, and the fertilizer requirement law will also be different. The growth state of watermelon before and after fruiting changes significantly. The state of the plant before fruiting is the basis for the normal growth and fruiting of the plant in the later stage, which directly affects the final fruit yield and quality. However, there are relatively few studies on scientific fertilization and nutrient management of watermelon. Watermelon production is very random, the fertilization structure is unreasonable, and there is a widespread over-application of chemical fertilizers, which reduces the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and seriously restricts the development of local watermelon. Therefore, it is hoped to provide a fertilizer for use before fruiting according to the growth and development characteristics of hanging vine watermelon at different stages, so as to enhance the vitality of the plant root system and promote the growth of the root system, stems and leaves. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a fertilizer used before hanging vine watermelons bear fruit, which can enhance the vitality of plant roots and promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The invention provides a special fertilizer used before hanging vine watermelon bears fruit, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of macroelements, 0.07 to 0.09 parts of trace elements, 3 to 8 parts of root growth promoters, 20 to 30 parts of potassium humate, 10 to 15 parts of microbial agents and 2 to 5 parts of auxiliary materials;

[0006] The root growth promoting agent comprises high molecular weight polyglutamic acid, amino oligosaccharide, nicotinamide and brassinolide;

[0007] The microbial agent consists of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0008] Preferably, the major element is composed of N:P2O5:K2O in a mass ratio of 2-5:2-3:1-2.

[0009] Preferably, the trace elements include: Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo;

[0010] The mass ratio of Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo is 1.5-2:1.2-1.5:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.7:0.8-1.5:0.7-1.5.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the high molecular weight polyglutamic acid, amino oligosaccharide, nicotinamide and brassinolide is 1-2:1-2:2.5-3.5:0.05-0.08;

[0012] The high molecular weight polyglutamic acid is gamma-polyglutamic acid with a molecular weight of 1 to 2 million Da.

[0013] Preferably, the effective viable count of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Azotobacter rotundifolia is in a ratio of 2-4:1-3:1-2:1, and the total effective viable count is 10 7 ~10 9 cfu / g.

[0014] Preferably, the auxiliary materials include one or more of glycerol, Tween, xanthan gum and glucose.

[0015] The invention provides a method for preparing a special fertilizer used before hanging vine watermelons bear fruit. The special fertilizer is obtained by fully mixing the macroelements, trace elements, root growth promoters, potassium humate, microbial agents and auxiliary materials.

[0016] The invention also provides application of the special fertilizer in promoting the growth of the root system and stems and leaves of hanging vine watermelons.

[0017] Preferably, the application method of the special fertilizer is: diluting the special fertilizer with water 5 to 10 times and then applying it by drip irrigation, with a drip irrigation volume of 50 to 55 L / mu.

[0018] Preferably, the special fertilizer is applied 3 to 5 days after the watermelon seedlings are planted, and drip irrigation is started, and then drip irrigation is performed every 5 to 7 days, for a total of 3 to 5 times.

[0019] In the present invention, beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus colloids and Bacillus laterosporus can promote the growth of crop root system and increase the number of fibrous roots. The plant endogenous enzymes produced in the metabolic process can not only significantly improve the absorption rate of crops to macroelements and trace elements, but also promote the absorption and application of other ingredients in fertilizers that contribute to root growth, such as high molecular weight polyglutamic acid, amino oligosaccharides, nicotinamide, and brassinolide; high molecular weight polyglutamic acid and brassinolide can improve the physiological metabolism of plants, accelerate the absorption and conduction of effective ingredients, and can also adjust the nutrient supply structure, promote the growth of the aboveground part of crops and the growth of the root system; amino oligosaccharides can stimulate the immune response of plants, increase the content of soluble sugars and proline in plants, enhance the activity of defense enzymes in plants, produce substances with disease resistance and stress resistance, and regulate the growth and development of plants. Nicotinamide has the effect of promoting the vitality of the root system of fruit trees, can improve the biological activity of the root system, and has a significant improvement in absorption rate after compounding with other components. The various components of the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can also improve the absorption rate of other nutrients while having the effect of regulating plant growth. Experiments have shown that the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly enhance the vitality of the watermelon root system, promote the growth of the watermelon root system and stems and leaves, has a significant growth-promoting effect on seedlings, helps to improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients after fruiting in the later stage, and lays a solid foundation for the later fruit growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Bacillus laterosporus was purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd., Bacillus mucilaginosus was purchased from Guangzhou Weiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Streptomyces jingyangensis and Azotobacter rotundifolia were purchased from Beijing Biobowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0021] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A preparation method of a special fertilizer for watermelon before fruiting, comprising the following steps: adding, by weight: 15 parts of macroelements (composed of N:P2O5:K2O in a mass ratio of 2:2:1), 0.9 parts of trace elements (composed of Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in a mass ratio of 2:1.5:1.0:1.7:1.5:1.3), 1 part of γ-polyglutamic acid (1.8 million Da), 1 part of amino oligosaccharide, 2.5 parts of nicotinamide, 0.5 parts of brassinolide, 30 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of microbial agents (the effective live bacterial count of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria is in a ratio of 2:1:1:1, and the total effective live bacterial count is 10 9 cfu / g), 1 part of glycerol and 1 part of glucose are fully stirred and mixed to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0024] Example 2

[0025] A preparation method of a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon before fruiting, comprising the following steps: in parts by weight: 10 parts of macroelements (composed of N:P2O5:K2O in a mass ratio of 5:3:2), 0.8 parts of trace elements (composed of Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in a mass ratio of 1.7:1.4:1.0:1.7:1.2:1), 2 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid (1.5 million Da), 1 part of amino oligosaccharide, 2.5 parts of nicotinamide, 0.5 parts of brassinolide, 30 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of microbial agents (the effective live bacterial count ratio of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 4:3:2:1, and the total effective live bacterial count is 10 9 cfu / g), 1 part of glycerol and 1 part of glucose are fully stirred and mixed to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0026] Example 3

[0027] A preparation method of a special fertilizer for hanging vine watermelon before fruiting, comprising the following steps: adding, by weight: 15 parts of macroelements (composed of N:P2O5:K2O in a mass ratio of 5:3:2), 0.7 parts of trace elements (composed of Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in a mass ratio of 1.5:1.2:0.8:1.5:0.8:0.7), 2 parts of gamma-polyglutamic acid (1.3 million Da), 1 part of amino oligosaccharide, 2.5 parts of nicotinamide, 1.5 parts of brassinolide, 30 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of microbial agents (the effective live bacterial count ratio of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 2:1:1:1, and the total effective live bacterial count is 10 8 cfu / g), 1 part of glycerol and 1 part of glucose are fully stirred and mixed to obtain the special fertilizer.

[0028] Comparative Example 1

[0029] Different from Example 3, the composition of the microbial agent in this comparative example is: Bacillus laterosporus, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter rotundifolia, and the ratio of effective live bacteria count is 2:1:1:1.

[0030] Comparative Example 2

[0031] Different from Example 3, the composition of the root growth promoter in this comparative example is 3 parts of amino oligosaccharides, 2.5 parts of nicotinamide and 0.5 parts of indoleacetic acid.

[0032] Comparative Example 3

[0033] The difference from Example 3 is that a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer of elements purchased from Sichuan Xingdaheng Technology Co., Ltd. is sprayed.

[0034] Test Example 1 (Soil Planting)

[0035] The test crop is hanging vine watermelon (Golden Bit). 12 test plots were randomly selected, each with an area of ​​0.5 mu, and randomly divided into 4 groups. The fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were diluted 5 times and drip irrigated. The specific application method is: 5 days after the watermelon seedlings are planted, drip irrigation is started, and then drip irrigation is performed every 7 days, for a total of 5 times, with a drip irrigation volume of 55L / mu. The rest of the management is consistent with the local planting habits. The effects of different fertilizers on watermelon root indicators are studied, and the fresh weight and dry weight of the roots of watermelon seedlings in different treatment groups are measured 3 days after the fifth spraying. The results are shown in Table 1. The root activity is determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction method, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0036] Table 1 Underground root index

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] Table 2 Root activity

[0040] project Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Root activity 1.068 0.894 0.830 0.843

[0041] It can be seen from Tables 1 and 2 that the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly enhance root activity, promote root growth, have a significant growth-promoting effect on seedlings, and help improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients by watermelon seedlings. Compared with existing commercially available products, the technical effect has been significantly improved. At the same time, after using the same type of strains or growth hormones for replacement, the technical effect has been significantly reduced.

[0042] The main vine diameter, main vine length, leaf width and leaf length of different groups after the last drip irrigation were measured to study the effects of different fertilizers on the growth of watermelon stems and leaves. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0043] Table 3 Effects of different fertilizers on the growth of watermelon stems and leaves

[0044] Main vine thickness / cm Main vine length / cm Leaf width / cm Leaf length / cm Example 1 0.72 230.54 19.45 24.26 Comparative Example 1 0.58 180.62 17.24 21.15 Comparative Example 2 0.52 168.15 16.45 19.84 Comparative Example 3 0.58 191.54 17.97 21.74

[0045] It can be seen from Table 3 that the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly increase the vine thickness, vine length, leaf width and leaf length, indicating that the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively promote the growth of watermelon stems and leaves, and the technical effect is significantly better than that of existing commercially available products, and even if the same type of strains or auxins are used as substitutes, the use effect cannot be achieved.

[0046] Test Example 2 (Substrate Planting)

[0047] The purchased substrate was laid in a planting trough with a top width of 30 cm, a bottom width of 20 cm, a height of 24 cm, and a length of 300 cm. The 12 planting troughs were randomly divided into 4 groups. The fertilizers prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were diluted 5 times and then drip-irrigated. The specific application method was as follows: 3 days after the watermelon seedlings were planted, drip irrigation was started, and then drip irrigation was performed every 5 days, for a total of 5 times, and the drip irrigation volume was 55L / 667m 2 , and the rest of the operations were the same as in Experimental Example 1. The effects of different fertilizers on the growth of watermelon roots and stems and leaves were studied. The detection methods and indicators were the same as in Experimental Example 1, and the results are shown in Tables 4-6.

[0048] Table 4 Underground root index

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Table 5 Root activity

[0052] project Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Root activity 1.215 0.932 0.958 1.012

[0053] Table 6 Effects of different fertilizers on the growth of watermelon stems and leaves

[0054] Main vine thickness / cm Main vine length / cm Leaf width / cm Leaf length / cm Example 1 0.82 224.35 20.35 26.25 Comparative Example 1 0.71 190.32 18.61 23.54 Comparative Example 2 0.63 191.69 17.69 20.93 Comparative Example 3 0.76 201.44 18.54 22.11

[0055] It can be seen from Tables 4 to 6 that, similar to Experimental Example 1, the special fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly enhance root activity, promote root growth, have a significant growth-promoting effect on seedlings, effectively promote the growth of watermelon stems and leaves, and help improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients by watermelon seedlings, and the technical effect is significantly better than existing commercially available products.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for use before hanging vine watermelon bears fruit, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of macroelements, 0.07 to 0.09 parts of trace elements, 3 to 8 parts of root growth promoters, 20 to 30 parts of potassium humate, 10 to 15 parts of microbial agents and 2 to 5 parts of auxiliary materials; The root growth promoting agent comprises high molecular weight polyglutamic acid, amino oligosaccharide, nicotinamide and brassinolide; The microbial agent consists of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

2. The special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The macroelements are composed of N:P2O5:K2O in a mass ratio of 2-5:2-3:1-2.

3. The special fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The trace elements include: Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo; The mass ratio of Fe-EDTA, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo is 1.5-2:1.2-1.5:0.8-1.0:1.0-1.7:0.8-1.5:0.7-1.

5.

4. The special fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the high molecular weight polyglutamic acid, amino oligosaccharide, nicotinamide and brassinolide in the root growth promoter is 1-2:1-2:2.5-3.5:0.05-0.08; The high molecular weight polyglutamic acid is gamma-polyglutamic acid with a molecular weight of 1 to 2 million Da.

5. The special fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The effective living bacteria count ratio of Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus colloidus, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Azotobacter rotundifolia is 2-4:1-3:1-2:1, and the total effective living bacteria count is 10 7 ~10 9 cfu / g.

6. The special fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials include one or more of glycerol, Tween, xanthan gum and glucose.

7. The method for preparing the special fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The macroelements, trace elements, root growth promoter, potassium humate, microbial agent and auxiliary materials are fully mixed to obtain the special fertilizer.

8. Use of the special fertilizer according to claim 7 in promoting the growth of roots, stems and leaves of hanging vine watermelons.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The application method of the special fertilizer is: dilute the special fertilizer with water for 5 to 10 times and then perform drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation amount is 50 to 55 L / mu.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The special fertilizer is applied 3 to 5 days after the watermelon seedlings are planted, and drip irrigation is started, and then drip irrigation is performed every 5 to 7 days, for a total of 3 to 5 times.

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