Method for measuring unequal-thickness circular seam alignment tolerance of cone and cylinder
By using a magnetic seat and a laser rangefinder device, the misalignment of the cone and cylinder of the pressure vessel is accurately measured, which solves the problem of measurement difficulties in the prior art, and improves the detection efficiency and reliability of weld strength calculation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411305613.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-07
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to accurately measure the misalignment of the unequal thickness of the pressure vessel cone and the cylinder, resulting in insufficient local thickness of the weld, reducing the strength of the weld, and posing a safety hazard.
Using a device including a magnetic seat, a support rod and a laser rangefinder, the theoretical and practical misalignment amounts of unequal thick ring joints of the cone and the cylinder are calculated through a series of precise positioning and laser measurement steps.
It realizes measurement of the misaligned edges of the cone and cylinder with simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement data, improves detection efficiency and effectiveness, and provides a reliable basis for the calculation of weld strength.
Smart Images
Figure CN119573546A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a method for measuring the misalignment of annular seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder of a container. Background Art
[0002] When operating, pressure vessels face challenges of high temperature, high pressure, toxic media and high corrosiveness. Fig.12 As shown, some pressure vessels are connected by welding the cone 31 and the cylinder 32 through unequal thickness annular seams. This type of weld structure is subject to greater stress, and the cylinder 32 is mostly processed by coil welding and cold working, while the cone 31 is mostly welded by pressing and assembling in pieces. Since the cylinder 32 and the cone 31 themselves are elliptical and have relatively complex dimensions, when the ellipticity of the cylinder 32 or the cone 31 is large, there will be misalignment, which will cause insufficient local thickness of the weld and reduce the strength of the weld. Since the stress of the weld structure itself is large and the local thickness of the weld is insufficient, the product is very easy to crack when running at high temperature, which brings safety hazards to the operation of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the misalignment between the cone and the cylinder in order to reduce the misalignment before welding or provide an accurate numerical basis for the calculation of weld strength.
[0003] Most containers have grooves inside and outside the cone and cylinder and uneven thickness, which makes it difficult to detect the misalignment of the circumferential seam of unequal thickness between the cone and the cylinder. The existing measurement of the misalignment of the circumferential seam of unequal thickness between the cone and the cylinder mainly adopts mechanical measurement and optical measurement. Mechanical measurement, such as the use of thickness gauges and calipers, relies on manual operation and is easily affected by inaccurate equipment positioning and human operation errors, especially under complex shapes and unequal thickness conditions, it is difficult to obtain accurate data; optical measurement uses optical projection or imaging equipment to capture data. Although it can avoid some mechanical operation errors, it has high requirements for equipment accuracy and measurement environment. In actual engineering, especially under high temperature and high pressure environments, the stability and measurement accuracy of optical equipment are difficult to guarantee, so it is difficult to effectively detect the misalignment of the cone and the cylinder, and it is impossible to determine the minimum value of the weld, which makes it impossible to ensure whether the weld meets the limit load value. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a method for measuring the misalignment of circumferential seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder, which has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement data, can improve detection efficiency and ensure the effectiveness of detection, provide a reliable basis for adjusting the misalignment between the cone and the cylinder or for calculating the weld strength, and has good practicality.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for measuring the misalignment of annular seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder, wherein the device used comprises a magnetic seat and a support rod, wherein the magnetic seat is provided with a permanent magnet pole and a magnetic seat switch; one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the magnetic seat, and the width center of the support rod coincides with the width center of the magnetic seat; the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a mounting frame, and an angle dial is provided on the mounting frame through a screw; two ends of a rotating screw are provided in inner holes on opposite sides of the mounting frame, and a fixing screw for fixing the rotating screw is provided on the mounting frame, and the center of the rotating screw is at the same height as the height center of the support rod; a nut and a fixed clamping column are provided along the axial direction of the rotating screw, and a laser rangefinder is fixedly provided between the nut and the support rod. The laser rangefinder is connected to the rotating screw between the clamping columns through a key; one end of the laser rangefinder is provided with a vertical laser head, a detection laser head and a horizontal laser head arranged in sequence along the longitudinal center line of the end face, and one side of the laser rangefinder is provided with an angle pointer concentric with the angle scale through a screw; a width center line is provided on the end face of the magnetic seat; a height center line is provided on the side of the support rod, and a width center line is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the support rod; it is characterized in that it includes the following steps: A) measuring the thickness T1 of the cylinder, the thickness T2 of the cone and the cone angle α of the cone; setting a horizontal reference line on the cylinder below the weld between the cone and the cylinder; B) aligning the magnetic seat and the support rod along the generatrix of the cone Place the support rod on the surface of the cone in a row, and the width center line of the support rod coincides with the width center line of the magnetic base; C) Adjust the angle dial, and make its upper 0º line coincide with the height center line of the support rod, and fix the angle dial on the mounting frame; D) Adjust the angle pointer, and make its center line coincide with the center line of the detection laser head, and fix the angle pointer on the side of the laser rangefinder; E) Turn the rotating screw to drive the laser rangefinder to rotate synchronously, and make the rotation angle equal to the cone angle α of the cone through the cooperation of the angle pointer and the angle dial; turn on the vertical laser head and axially move the position of the rotating screw. When the vertical laser is aligned with the width center scale line of the magnetic base or the width center line of the upper and lower surfaces of the support rod, When the lines coincide, fix the rotating screw; F) Move the magnetic seat along the generatrix direction of the cone, turn on the horizontal laser head, and when the horizontal laser coincides with the horizontal reference line, turn the magnetic seat switch to turn on the magnetic force and fix the magnetic seat on the cone; G) Fixed measurement: The vertical height H0 of the center line of the support arm height and the surface of the cone, the distance H1 between the center line of the horizontal laser head and the detection laser head, the distance H2 between the horizontal reference line on the cylinder and the center of the weld, and the distance L0 between the center of the rotating screw and the laser beam measurement zero point of the detection laser head are all fixed values and can be measured; H) Laser measurement: The distance L1 between the laser beam measurement zero point and the cylinder is measured by the detection laser head; (I) Calculation: Based on the geometric relationship, the theoretical misalignment C0 of the unequal thickness annular seam between the cone and the cylinder can be calculated using the following formula: The actual misalignment C between the cone and the cylinder is calculated using the following formula: ; When the actual misalignment amount C is a positive value, it indicates that the cone is convex; when the actual misalignment amount C is a negative value, it indicates that the cylinder is convex; if the actual misalignment amount C between the cone and the cylinder is measured before welding, the relative position of the cone and the cylinder can be adjusted accordingly to reduce the actual misalignment amount C; if the actual misalignment amount C between the cone and the cylinder is measured after welding, the weld thickness value C-T2 can be calculated accordingly, providing a reliable basis for weld strength calculation; the present invention is easy to locate and operate, has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement data, can improve detection efficiency and ensure the effectiveness of detection, and does not require high equipment accuracy, and can be used for workpieces with complex shapes, with good practicality; As a further improvement of the present invention, steps B) to I) are repeated at equal intervals on the circumference of the cone in different generatrix directions to obtain the actual misalignment amount C of the cone and the cylinder at multiple points on the entire circumference; the actual misalignment amount C can be determined to be distributed on the entire circumference, which is beneficial to the adjustment of the misalignment amount; As a further improvement of the present invention, the parameters T1, T2, α, H0, H1, H2, L0, L1 are input into a computer or mobile terminal, and the actual misalignment amount C is automatically displayed through a data processing algorithm; the measurement results can be displayed quickly and intuitively; In summary, the present invention has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement data, can improve detection efficiency and ensure the effectiveness of detection, provide a reliable basis for adjusting the misalignment between the cone and the cylinder or for calculating the weld strength, and has good practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Figure 1 It is a front view of the device used in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0007] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the .
[0008] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the rotating screw and laser rangefinder.
[0009] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Left view of .
[0010] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Front view of the rotating screw connected to the laser rangefinder.
[0011] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Top view of the .
[0012] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Right view of .
[0013] Figure 8 for Figure 1Left side view of the center magnetic base.
[0014] Fig. 9 It is a front view of the device used in the present invention.
[0015] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Enlarged view of the rotating screw and laser rangefinder.
[0016] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Front view of the relative angle between the middle support rod and the angle dial.
[0017] Fig.12 This is the main view of the existing pressure vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0019] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the measuring device used in the embodiment of the present invention includes a magnetic base 1 and a support rod 5. The magnetic base 1 is provided with a permanent magnet pole 2 and a magnetic base switch 3. The magnetic base 1 is provided with a through hole. One end of the support rod 5 is placed in the through hole. Two clamping screws 4 for fastening one end of the support rod are provided on the magnetic base 1. The width center of the support rod 5 coincides with the width center of the magnetic base 1; the other end of the support rod 5 is welded and fixedly connected with a mounting frame 6, and an angle dial 7 is provided on the mounting frame 6 through screws. Two ends of a rotating screw 8 are provided in blind holes 9 and an inner hole on opposite sides of the mounting frame 6. A fixing screw 11 for fixing the rotating screw 8 is provided on the mounting frame 6 through a threaded hole. The center of the rotating screw 8 is at the same height as the height center of the support rod 5, and the rotating screw 8 is at the same height as the angle dial 7. The rotating screw 8 is provided with a nut 12 and a fixed clamping column 13 through a thread along the axial direction, a laser rangefinder 14 is fixedly arranged on the rotating screw 8 between the nut 12 and the clamping column 13, and the laser rangefinder 14 is connected to the rotating screw 8 through a key 15; one end of the laser rangefinder 14 is provided with a vertical laser head 16, a detection laser head 17 and a horizontal laser head 18 arranged in sequence along the longitudinal center line 24 of the end face, and an angle pointer 19 is provided on one side of the laser rangefinder 14 through a screw, and the rotating screw 8 passes through the angle dial 7 and the angle pointer 19; a width center line 21 is provided on the end face of the magnetic seat 1; a height center line 22 is provided on the side of the support rod 5, and a width center line 23 is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the support rod 5.
[0020] like Fig. 9 , Fig.10 , Fig.11As shown, a method for measuring the misalignment of the circumferential seam of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder of this embodiment comprises the following steps: A) for the cone 31 and cylinder 32 assembled before welding or welded, measuring the thickness T1 of the cylinder 32, the thickness T2 of the cone 31 and the cone angle α of the cone 31; setting a horizontal reference line 33 on the cylinder 32 below the weld between the cone 31 and the cylinder 32; B) placing the magnetic seat 1 and the support rod 5 parallel to the generatrix of the cone 31 on the surface of the cone 31, and the width center line 23 of the support rod 5 coincides with the width center line 21 of the magnetic seat 1; C) adjusting the angle dial 7, coinciding the 0º scale line on it with the height center line 22 of the support rod 5, and fixing the angle dial 7 on the mounting frame 6 by screws; D) adjusting the angle pointer 19, coinciding the center line of the angle pointer 19 with the center line of the detection laser head 17, and fixing the angle pointer 19 on the side of the laser rangefinder 14 by screws; E) Turn the rotating screw 8 and drive the laser rangefinder 14 to rotate synchronously through the key 15, and make the rotation angle equal to the cone angle α of the cone: 75° through the angle pointer 19 and the angle dial 7; turn on the vertical laser head 16 and axially move the position of the rotating screw 8. When the emitted vertical laser coincides with the width center scale line 21 of the magnetic base 1, it indicates that the end face longitudinal center line 24 of one end of the laser rangefinder 14 coincides with the width center scale line 23 of the support rod 5, and then fix the rotating screw 8 with the set screw 11; F) Move the magnetic base 1 along the generatrix direction of the cone 31, turn on the horizontal laser head 18, and when the emitted horizontal laser coincides with the horizontal reference line 33 preset on the cylinder 32, turn the magnetic base switch 3 to turn on the magnetic force, and fix the magnetic base 1 on the cone 31 by magnetic force; G) Fixed measurement: After the magnetic base 1 is fixed, the vertical height H0 of the support arm height center line 22 and the surface of the cone 31, the distance H1 between the center line of the horizontal laser head 18 and the detection laser head 17, the distance H2 between the horizontal reference line 33 on the cylinder 32 and the center of the weld, and the distance L0 between the center of the rotating screw 8 and the laser beam measurement zero point of the detection laser head 17 are all fixed values and can be measured; H) Laser measurement: by detecting the laser head 17, the distance L1 between the laser beam measurement zero point and the cylinder 32 is measured; I) Calculation: Input the above parameters T1, T2, α, H0, H1, H2, L0, L1 into a computer or mobile terminal; the theoretical misalignment C0 of the unequal thickness annular seam between the cone and the cylinder can be calculated using the following formula: ; The actual misalignment C between the cone and the cylinder is calculated using the following formula: ; The actual misalignment amount C is automatically displayed through the data processing algorithm preset by the computer or mobile terminal; J) Repeating steps B) to I) at equal intervals on the circumference of the cone 31 in different generatrix directions can obtain the actual misalignment amount C of the cone and the cylinder at multiple points on the entire circumference; the distribution of the actual misalignment amount C on the entire circumference can be determined; The present invention uses the center of the rotating screw 8 as the measurement base point. According to the geometric relationship, the vertical distance L0+L1 from the base point to the outer circle of the cylinder 32 in the horizontal direction is deducted from the projection value of the vertical height H0 between the support arm height center line 22 where the measurement base point is located and the surface of the cone 31 in the horizontal direction, the corresponding horizontal value of the extension line of the cone generatrix between the weld position and the detection position (corresponding to the height difference H2-H1) in the horizontal direction, and the sum of the theoretical misalignment amount C0, and the actual misalignment amount C can be obtained; Because the cone generatrix extension line corresponding to the weld position and the detection position is difficult to measure, the corresponding horizontal value of the cone generatrix extension line in the horizontal direction is calculated by the corresponding height difference H2-H1 which is easy to detect, which is simpler and more convenient; through the present invention, when the actual misalignment amount C is a positive value, it indicates that the cone 31 is convex; when the actual misalignment amount C is a negative value, it indicates that the cylinder 32 is convex; if the actual misalignment amount C of the cone and the cylinder is measured before welding, the relative position of the cone and the cylinder can be adjusted accordingly to reduce the actual misalignment amount C; if the actual misalignment amount C of the cone and the cylinder is measured after welding, the weld thickness value C-T2 can be calculated accordingly, providing a reliable basis for weld strength calculation; the present invention is easy to locate, operate and detect, has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and accurate measurement data, can improve detection efficiency and ensure the effectiveness of detection, and does not require high equipment accuracy, and can be used for workpieces with complex shapes, with good practicality; The above embodiments have been described, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are only for the purpose of example and description, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the scope of the described embodiments.
Claims
1. A method for measuring the misalignment of annular seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder, wherein the device comprises a magnetic seat and a support rod, wherein the magnetic seat is provided with a permanent magnet pole and a magnetic seat switch; one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the magnetic seat, the width center of the support rod coincides with the width center of the magnetic seat, the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to a mounting frame, an angle dial is provided on the mounting frame through a screw, two ends of a rotating screw are provided in inner holes on opposite sides of the mounting frame, a set screw for fixing the rotating screw is provided on the mounting frame, and the center of the rotating screw is at the same height as the height center of the support rod ; A nut and a fixed clamping column are provided along the axial direction of the rotating screw, a laser rangefinder is fixed on the rotating screw between the nut and the clamping column, and the laser rangefinder is connected to the rotating screw by a key; one end of the laser rangefinder is provided with a vertical laser head, a detection laser head and a horizontal laser head arranged in sequence along the longitudinal center line of the end face, and an angle pointer concentric with the angle dial is provided on one side of the laser rangefinder through a screw; a width center line is provided on the end face of the magnetic seat; a height center line is provided on the side of the support rod, and a width center line is provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the support rod; It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: A) Measure the thickness T1 of the cylinder, the thickness T2 of the cone and the cone angle α of the cone; set a horizontal reference line on the cylinder below the weld between the cone and the cylinder; B) Place the magnetic base and the support rod parallel to the cone surface along the generatrix of the cone, and the width center line of the support rod coincides with the width center line of the magnetic base; C) Adjust the angle dial, coincide the 0º line on it with the height center line of the support rod, and fix the angle dial on the mounting frame; D) Adjust the angle pointer, coincide its center line with the center line of the detection laser head, and fix the angle pointer on the side of the laser rangefinder; E) Turn the rotating screw to drive the laser rangefinder to rotate synchronously, and make the rotation angle equal to the cone angle α of the cone through the cooperation of the angle pointer and the angle dial; turn on the vertical laser head and axially move the position of the rotating screw. When the vertical laser is aligned with the width center scale line of the magnetic base or the width of the upper and lower surfaces of the support rod, When the center lines coincide, fix the rotating screw again; F) Move the magnetic base and support rod along the generatrix direction of the cone, turn on the horizontal laser head, and when the horizontal laser coincides with the horizontal reference line, turn the magnetic base switch to turn on the magnetic force and fix the magnetic base on the cone; G) Fixed measurement: The vertical height H0 of the center line of the support arm height and the cone surface, the distance H1 between the center line of the horizontal laser head and the detection laser head, the distance H2 between the horizontal reference line on the cylinder and the center of the weld, and the distance L0 between the center of the rotating screw and the laser beam measurement zero point of the detection laser head are all fixed values and can be measured; H) Laser measurement: Use the detection laser head to measure the distance L1 between the laser beam measurement zero point and the cylinder; (I) Calculation: According to the geometric relationship, the theoretical misalignment C0 of the unequal thickness annular seam between the cone and the cylinder can be calculated using the following formula: The actual misalignment C between the cone and the cylinder is calculated using the following formula: 。 2. A method for measuring the misalignment of annular seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Repeat steps B) to I) at equal intervals on the circumference of the cone in different generatrix directions to obtain the actual misalignment C of the cone and the cylinder at multiple points on the entire circumference.
3. A method for measuring the misalignment of annular seams of unequal thickness between a cone and a cylinder as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The parameters T1, T2, α, H0, H1, H2, L0, and L1 are input into a computer or a mobile terminal, and the actual misalignment amount C is automatically displayed through a data processing algorithm.