Composition for improving yield and quality of seedless white grapes and flower and fruit management method

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for improving the yield of seedless white grapes and improving the quality of dried grapes and a flower and fruit management method, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The method comprises the following steps: treating clusters by using 60-100mg / L gibberellin GA3 7-10 days before flowering in a grape inflorescence separation period; when the fruit setting is stable and the size of the fruit grains is mung bean grains, 40-60 mg / L of GA3 + 5-15 mg / L of GA4 + 7 is compounded with 1-2 mg / L of chloro biurea to treat the swelling fruits. Under the condition that the weight of fresh seedless white grapes cultivated through the method is obviously increased, the drying rate and plumpness of raisins are kept at a high level, the browning rate of raisins is kept at a low level close to those of raisins without a plant growth regulator, and the problem that after a conventional plant growth regulator is adopted for treatment in production, the yield of the raisins is increased is solved. The browning rate of the seedless white grapes is obviously increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a composition for improving the yield of seedless white grapes and the quality of dried grapes, and a flower and fruit management method. Background Art

[0002] Seedless white grapes are also known as Thompson seedless and seedless grapes. The fruit is oval or short oval and yellow-green in color. Seedless white is the main grape variety used for dried grapes, mainly green seedless raisins, which are favored by consumers for their fresh and attractive color. With the continuous development of plant growth regulator types and application technologies, plant growth regulators such as gibberellins are used for fruit swelling treatment to increase the weight of the fruit and increase the yield.

[0003] At present, plant growth regulators are used in grape production to lengthen inflorescences and expand fruits in order to increase grain weight, bunch weight, and yield. However, with the current application of plant growth regulators such as lengthening inflorescences and expanding fruits and the application of flower and fruit management technology, the evaluation criteria of fresh fruit weight, bunch weight, color, and sugar content of grapes have been used to improve fresh fruit weight, yield, and quality, but the drying rate is low, the plumpness is reduced, and the browning rate is high during the drying process, which is not conducive to the production of high-quality raisins. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the flower and fruit management technology of seedless white grapes for raisin production. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a composition and a fruit management method for improving the yield and dried fruit quality of seedless white grapes, which not only increases the fresh fruit weight of seedless white grapes, but also effectively improves the raisin yield and raisin browning rate.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a composition for improving grape yield and grape stem quality. The composition comprises a plant growth regulator 1 and a plant growth regulator 2; the plant growth regulator 1 comprises 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3, and the plant growth regulator 2 comprises 40-60 mg / L gibberellin GA3+5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA 4+7 Compound 1-2mg / L chlorpyrifos.

[0007] Preferably, the plant growth regulator 1 is applied 7-10 days before flowering during the grape inflorescence separation period; and the plant growth regulator 2 is applied when fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of mung bean.

[0008] The invention also provides application of the composition in improving grape yield and quality of dried raisins.

[0009] The invention provides a flower and fruit management method for improving grape yield and dried grape quality, comprising the following steps: treating the grape ears with 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 7-10 days before flowering at the grape inflorescence separation stage; treating the grape ears with 40-60 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA3 when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean; treating the grape ears with 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA3 when the fruit is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean; treating the grape ears with 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA3 4+7 Compound 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos to treat fruit swelling.

[0010] Preferably, the grape variety includes seedless white grapes.

[0011] Preferably, the method of treating the ear includes spraying or dipping the ear.

[0012] Preferably, the treatment period for elongating the inflorescence is 7-10 days before flowering (the inflorescence is Figure 1 Processing in the indicated state).

[0013] Preferably, the fruit swelling treatment period is 8-10 days after flowering.

[0014] Preferably, the method of treating the fruit swelling includes spraying or ear dipping.

[0015] Preferably, the ear-dipping treatment is carried out between 6:00 and 9:00 in the morning.

[0016] Preferably, the time for dipping the ear is 3-5 seconds, and after dipping the ear, excess droplets on the inflorescence or ear are shaken off.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention proposes for the first time to apply 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 7-10 days before flowering during the inflorescence separation period of seedless white grapes from the perspective of increasing the fullness of raisins and reducing the browning rate, and then apply 40-60 mg / L GA3 + 5-15 mg / L GA when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit size is mung bean size. 4+7 Technical means of compounding 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos (CPPU). After the above plant growth regulators are used to elongate the inflorescence and expand the fruit, not only the fresh fruit weight of seedless white grapes is increased, but also the raisin yield and fullness are close to those without plant growth regulator treatment, and the browning rate is kept at a low level close to that without plant growth regulator treatment. The technical solution of the present invention effectively solves the problem that the seedless white grape yield is reduced and the browning rate is significantly increased after conventional plant growth regulator treatment in production, and is suitable for seedless white grape cultivation applications with the goal of producing green raisins. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1This is a picture of the state of the spike of seedless white grapes during the inflorescence separation period. The angle of the small florets in the upper 1 / 3 of the inflorescence reaches 45°. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The invention provides a composition for improving grape yield and grape quality, wherein the composition comprises a plant growth regulator 1 and a plant growth regulator 2; the plant growth regulator 1 comprises 60-100 mg / L GA3, and the plant growth regulator 2 comprises 40-60 mg / L GA3+5-15 mg / L GA 4+7 Compounded with 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos. The plant growth regulator 1 of the present invention is preferably 80-100 mg / L GA3, and more preferably 100 mg / L GA3. The plant growth regulator 2 of the present invention is preferably 40-60 mg / L GA3 + 5-15 mg / L GA 4+7 Compound 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos, more preferably 45-55 mg / L GA3 + 8-12 mg / L GA 4+7 Compound 1.2-1.8mg / L chlorpyrifos, more preferably 50mg / L GA3+10mg / L GA 4+7 Compound 1.5 mg / L chlorpyrifos. The concentration of the plant growth regulator described in the present invention is the final concentration, which is prepared with water.

[0021] The present invention also provides the use of the composition in improving grape yield and the quality of dried raisins. The plant growth regulator 1 in the composition of the present invention is applied 7-10 days before flowering during the grape inflorescence separation period; the plant growth regulator 2 in the composition is applied when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for managing grape flowers and fruits for improving the yield and quality of dried grapes, comprising the following steps: 7-10 days before the flowering of the grape inflorescence separation period, using 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 to treat and lengthen the fruit clusters; when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit grains are the size of mung beans, using 40-60 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA 4+7 Compound 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos to treat swollen fruit. The grape variety of the present invention is preferably seedless white grape. The gibberellin GA3 used to treat the fruit clusters of the present invention is preferably 80-100 mg / L GA3, further 100 mg / L. The plant growth regulator compound used to treat swollen fruit of the present invention is preferably 50 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA 4+7 Compound 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos, more preferably 45-55 mg / L GA3 + 8-12 mg / L GA 4+7Compound 1.2-1.8mg / L chlorpyrifos, more preferably 50mg / L GA3+10mg / L GA 4+7 Compound 1.5mg / L chlorpyrifos.

[0023] In the present invention, the treatment of the ear includes spraying or dipping. The purpose of using a certain concentration of gibberellin GA3 to treat the ear is to lengthen the inflorescence, avoid overcrowding after the fruit swells, cause fruit cracking, and affect grape drying.

[0024] In the present invention, the treatment period for swelling fruit is 8-10 days after flowering. The treatment method for swelling fruit in the present invention includes spraying or ear dipping treatment. In the present invention, when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit grains are the size of mung beans, ear dipping treatment is performed for 3-5 seconds at 6:00-9:00 in the morning (low temperature and high air humidity) 8-10 days after flowering, and excess droplets on the inflorescence or ear are shaken off after ear dipping.

[0025] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1. Overview of the test site

[0028] The experiment was conducted in the vineyard of the third team of the horticultural farm in Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from April to October 2023. The orchard is located at latitude N42°89′, longitude E90°29′, and 419m above sea level. Gravel sandy loam. The average annual rainfall is 25.3mm, the evaporation is 2751mm, the annual sunshine hours are 3122.8h, the effective accumulated temperature is 4525℃, and the frost-free period is 192d. It belongs to a typical continental warm temperate desert climate.

[0029] 2. Test materials

[0030] Seedless white grapes were used as the test material. The tree age was 8 years old and the multi-main vine dragon trunk tree-shaped trellis cultivation model was adopted. The row spacing was 1.2m×4m. The tree vigor was moderate and the growth was consistent. Conventional methods were used for disease and pest management and water and fertilizer management, and the management level was good.

[0031] Plant growth regulators used in the experiment were GA3 (gibberellic acid, Hualun Biosciences Co., Ltd.), GA 4+7(Shanghai Kanglang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), CPPU (chlorpyrifos, Sichuan Lanyue Technology Co., Ltd.), TDZ (thidiazuron, Sichuan Lanyue Technology Co., Ltd.), BR (14-hydroxybrassinolide, Chengdu Xinchaoyang Crop Science Co., Ltd.). The plant growth regulator is prepared with water to a suitable concentration.

[0032] 3. Use plant growth regulators to manage flowers and fruits

[0033] Select 200 main vines of seedless white grapes with the same growth and similar number of inflorescences in the same plot, and Figure 1 7 days before flowering, spray or dip the spikes with 100mg / L GA3 aqueous solution to elongate the inflorescences, so that the inflorescences are evenly covered with droplets, and shake off the excess liquid on the inflorescences. Treat 50 main vines with each elongated inflorescence; then, on the basis of the previous plant growth regulator to elongate the inflorescences, when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean, 50mg / L GA3+10mg / L GA is applied 10 days after flowering. 4+7 The fruit swelling treatment was carried out by mixing 1.5mg / L chlorpyrifos with a mixture of chlorpyrifos and dipping the ears between 6am and 9am. During the treatment, the entire inflorescence or ear was completely immersed in 50mg / L GA3+10mg / L GA 4+7 Dip in a 1.5 mg / L chlorpyrifos solution for 3-5 seconds, shake off excess drops on the inflorescence or ears after dipping, and mark with a label. 30 ears per treatment.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 3, 10 days before flowering, 100 mg / L GA3 aqueous solution is used for spraying or dipping the spike to elongate the inflorescence; then 50 mg / L GA3+10 mg / L GA is used 8 days after flowering. 4+7 The fruit was swollen by compounding a 1.5 mg / L chlorpyrifos mixed solution; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Examples 1-36

[0037] The difference from Example 1 is that the plant growth regulators and dosages for the inflorescence elongation treatment and fruit swelling treatment in step 3 are different. The specific usage is shown in Table 1. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0038] Test Example 1 Determination of Dried Raisins and Quality Indexes

[0039] Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-36 and seedless white grapes not treated with any plant growth regulator (control group) were picked after maturity, soaked in a drying agent (500 g in 15 L of distilled water, Xinjiang Huipu Horticulture New Technology Company) for 1 min, and then hung in an airing room for drying. The drying was completed when the moisture content of the raisins was about 15% after drying for about 20 days. 30 raisins were randomly selected from Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-36 and the control group for measuring various indicators.

[0040] The weight of raisins was measured by an electronic balance with an accuracy of 1%, and the drying rate of raisins was calculated (raisin weight / fresh fruit weight*100%), with 30 raisins in each group and repeated for 3 times; 300 raisins were randomly selected from Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-36 and the control group, with 100 raisins in each group and repeated for 3 times, and the browning rate was calculated by counting the number of raisins that were browned, where the browning rate = number of browning raisins / 100*100%. The results are shown in Table 1. The results show that 100 mg / L GA3 was used to elongate the inflorescence of seedless white grapes during the inflorescence separation period, and 50 mg / L GA3 + 10 mg / L GA was used to stabilize the fruit size of green beans. 4+7 When 1.5 mg / L chlorpyrifos was added to the fruit swelling treatment, the raisin grain weight increased by 49% compared with the untreated control, and the browning rate and drying rate were close to the control, which were significantly lower than other combinations of elongated inflorescence and fruit swelling treatments.

[0041] Table 1 Test results of various indexes of grapes in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-36

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composition for improving grape yield and grape dried fruit quality, characterized in that: The composition comprises a plant growth regulator 1 and a plant growth regulator 2; the plant growth regulator 1 comprises 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3, and the plant growth regulator 2 comprises 40-60 mg / L gibberellin GA3+5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA 4+7 Compound 1-2mg / L chlorpyrifos.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant growth regulator 1 is applied 7-10 days before flowering during the grape inflorescence separation period; the plant growth regulator 2 is applied when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean.

3. Use of the composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in improving grape yield and the quality of dried raisins.

4. A method for managing grapes and fruits to improve grape yield and quality of dried grapes, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 7-10 days before the flowering of the grape inflorescence separation period, using 60-100 mg / L gibberellin GA3 to treat the grape bunches; when the fruit setting is stable and the fruit is the size of a mung bean, using 40-60 mg / L gibberellin GA3 + 5-15 mg / L gibberellin GA 4+7 Compound 1-2 mg / L chlorpyrifos to treat fruit swelling.

5. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grape varieties include seedless white grapes.

6. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of treating the ear includes spraying or dipping the ear.

7. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fruit swelling treatment period is 8-10 days after flowering.

8. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fruit swelling treatment method includes spraying or ear dipping treatment.

9. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ear-dipping treatment is carried out between 6 and 9 in the morning.

10. The flower and fruit management method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The time for dipping the ear is 3-5 seconds, and after dipping the ear, excess droplets on the inflorescence or ear are shaken off.

Images