Efficient circulating power generation system based on coupling of calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production and solid oxide fuel cell and operation method of efficient circulating power generation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass treatment and hydrogen production, in particular to an efficient circulating power generation system based on coupling of calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production and a solid oxide fuel cell and an operation method of the efficient circulating power generation system. The system at least comprises a gasification reactor, a third flow divider, a first material return valve, a regeneration reactor, a fourth heat exchanger, a CO2-rich flue gas conveying pipe, a flue gas purification system, a waste heat utilization boiler, a carbon capture and storage module and the like which are sequentially communicated, the gasification reactor is further communicated with the high-temperature water vapor conveying pipe, and the regeneration reactor is communicated with a fourth heat exchanger. Efficient hydrogen production and carbon capture are achieved through the calcium-based chemical chain gasification technology, efficient power generation is conducted by combining the solid oxide fuel cell, heat-mass balance is systematically optimized, and the hydrogen production efficiency and the overall energy utilization efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass processing and hydrogen production, and in particular to a high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on chemical chain gasification hydrogen production coupled with a solid oxide fuel cell and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous growth of the population, energy demand continues to rise, and environmental problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Although traditional fossil energy such as coal, oil and natural gas have provided a large amount of energy supply to society in the past few decades, the large amount of carbon emissions generated during their combustion has seriously aggravated global climate change and environmental pollution. Therefore, countries have stepped up their efforts in the research and development and application of clean energy technologies to promote the transformation of energy structure towards low-carbon, clean and efficient directions. Among them, hydrogen, as a clean energy carrier, has the significant advantages of high energy density and zero carbon emissions, and is widely regarded as an important part of the future energy system.

[0003] Hydrogen production technology is the core of the hydrogen energy industry. Although traditional hydrogen production methods such as water electrolysis, coal gasification and natural gas reforming have met market demand to a certain extent, they have great limitations in terms of energy efficiency and carbon emissions. In recent years, chemical chaining gasification technology has gradually attracted attention as a new hydrogen production method. Calcium-based chemical chaining gasification technology uses calcium-based materials as oxygen carriers to achieve efficient fuel gasification without the need for external oxygen supply. At the same time, it can capture carbon dioxide during the gasification process and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which has significant environmental advantages. However, this technology still faces challenges such as system integration, reaction control and energy management in practical applications, and urgently needs further optimization and improvement.

[0004] Solid oxide fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy conversion devices that can directly convert the chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen into electrical energy, and are characterized by high efficiency and low emissions. Under high-temperature working conditions, solid oxide fuel cells can utilize high-temperature waste heat to improve overall energy utilization efficiency. Combining calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production with solid oxide fuel cells to build a combined power generation system can not only achieve efficient hydrogen production, but also convert hydrogen into electrical energy, thereby optimizing energy utilization and promoting low-carbon transformation. In summary, the combined power generation system of calcium-based chemical chain gasification and solid oxide fuel cells has broad application prospects and strategic significance, and provides important technical support for future clean energy solutions.

[0005] The present invention relates to a cyclic power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production and solid oxide fuel cell combined power generation. The system uses calcium-based materials as oxygen carriers and carbon dioxide adsorbents to achieve efficient and low-emission hydrogen preparation, and directly converts hydrogen into electrical energy through solid oxide fuel cells. It can overcome the defects of traditional power generation systems: (1) low energy utilization efficiency and difficulty in achieving multi-stage utilization; (2) serious environmental pollution and high greenhouse gas emissions; and at the same time brings three major advantages: (1) the system integrates multi-stage energy utilization, has high thermal efficiency, and effectively utilizes waste heat; (2) through efficient exhaust gas purification and carbon capture, the unity of hydrogen-rich production and environmental protection goals is achieved; (3) calcium-based adsorbents can be recycled, which improves resource utilization. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to address the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells and its operation method. The present invention mainly achieves efficient and clean hydrogen production and electricity conversion by integrating calcium-based chemical chain gasification technology and solid oxide fuel cell technology. Calcium-based materials are used as oxygen carriers to efficiently generate hydrogen in the gasification reaction, while capturing carbon dioxide, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Solid oxide fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy and generate a large amount of waste heat, which further improves energy utilization efficiency through waste heat recovery.

[0007] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A high-efficiency cyclic power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells, characterized in that it includes at least a gasification reactor, a third diverter, a first return valve, a regeneration reactor, a fourth heat exchanger, a CO2-rich flue gas conveying pipe, a flue gas purification system, a waste heat utilization boiler, and a carbon capture and storage module, which are arranged in sequence, the gasification reactor is connected to the third diverter, the gasification reactor is also connected to the high-temperature steam conveying pipe, and the regeneration reactor is connected to the fourth heat exchanger.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution:

[0010] The biomass enters the gasification reactor, and after pyrolysis, gasification, and reforming in the gasification reactor, the raw synthesis gas passes through the third splitter and purification system to form hydrogen-rich synthesis gas;

[0011] The calcium-based adsorbent enters the regeneration reactor for calcination regeneration, and enters the gasification reactor through the fourth diverter and the second return valve to promote the high-temperature steam reforming reaction of biomass and the catalytic cracking of tar, and release heat. After capturing CO2, it enters the regeneration reactor together with the residual coke particles through the third diverter and the first return valve for regeneration, and releases the CO2 it carries.

[0012] The CO2-rich flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor passes through the flue gas purification system, enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and finally enters the carbon capture and storage module.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the following main reactions occur between the biomass and the calcium-based adsorbent in the gasification reactor:

[0014] (1) Biomass → H2 + CO + CH4 + tar + char

[0015] (2) C+H2O→H2+CO

[0016] (3) CaO + H2O + tar → CaCO3 + H2

[0017] (4) CaO + CO2 → CaCO3

[0018] The main reactions in the regeneration reactor are:

[0019] (1) CaCO3→CaO+CO2

[0020] Furthermore, the regeneration reactor is connected to the first return valve, the oxygen outlet, the calcium-based adsorbent conveyor and the fourth heat exchanger, the first return valve is connected to the third diverter, and the oxygen outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger and the air compressor.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the calcium-based adsorbent enters the regeneration reactor for calcination regeneration, and enters the gasification reactor through the fourth heat exchanger and the second return valve to promote the high-temperature steam reforming reaction of the biomass and the catalytic cracking of the tar, and releases heat. The generated calcium carbonate enters the regeneration reactor through the first return valve for reaction, and is reconverted into calcium oxide and releases high-concentration CO2;

[0022] The distilled oxygen is reheated to room temperature through the first heat exchanger and then drawn out from the oxygen outlet. Part of the drawn out oxygen is used for the combustion of coke in the regeneration reactor, and the other part enters the air compressor.

[0023] Furthermore, the system also includes a purification system, a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas delivery pipe, a solid oxide fuel cell anode, a fourth diverter, a combustion chamber and a high-temperature flue gas delivery pipe connected in sequence, and the solid oxide fuel cell anode is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell cathode and the fourth diverter.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the following main reactions occur in solid oxide fuel cells:

[0025] (1) Anode: H2+O 2- →H2O+2e -

[0026] (2) Cathode: 1 / 2O2+2e - →O 2-

[0027] (3) Overall electrochemical reaction: 1 / 2O2+H2→H2O

[0028] The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas generated by the purification system enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. Hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction on the electrode to generate electricity. The generated high-temperature water vapor and other synthesis gas components that do not participate in the reaction are diverted through the fourth heat exchanger.

[0029] Furthermore, the system provided by the present invention generates electricity, comprising at least the following steps:

[0030] The biomass enters the gasification reactor, undergoes pyrolysis, gasification, and reforming in the gasification reactor, and then passes through the third splitter and purification system to form hydrogen-rich synthesis gas;

[0031] The calcium-based adsorbent enters the regeneration reactor for calcination regeneration, and enters the gasification reactor through the fourth diverter and the second return valve to promote the high-temperature steam reforming reaction of biomass and the catalytic cracking of tar, and release heat. After capturing CO2, it enters the regeneration reactor together with the residual coke particles through the third diverter and the first return valve for regeneration, and releases the CO2 molecules it carries.

[0032] The CO2-rich flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor passes through the flue gas purification system, enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and finally enters the CCS.

[0033] Based on the above technical solution, the following effects can be achieved:

[0034] Based on the catalytic effect of calcium-based adsorbents, high-temperature steam reforming reaction of biomass and catalytic cracking of tar in the gasification reactor were achieved, providing heat for the reaction and increasing the hydrogen content of the synthesis gas.

[0035] The calcination regeneration process based on the regeneration reactor realizes the reuse of calcium-based adsorbent, improves the efficiency of gasification reaction and releases the CO2 molecules it carries.

[0036] Based on the treatment function of the flue gas purification system, the purification and recovery of CO2-rich flue gas is achieved, providing flue gas that meets environmental standards for waste heat utilization and CCS, achieving higher energy utilization efficiency and emission reduction targets.

[0037] Furthermore, the power generation method of the power generation system also includes the following steps: clean air enters the first heat exchanger through a supercharger, and then enters the lower tower and the upper tower of the distillation tower through distillation, forming nitrogen, dirty nitrogen and high-purity oxygen, part of which is used for the combustion of coke in the regeneration reactor, and the other part enters the solid oxide fuel cell through an air compressor.

[0038] Based on the above technical solution, the double-tower device used in the cryogenic air separation unit to prepare high-purity oxygen can be used as an oxidant reaction for the chemical chain gasification hydrogen production module and the solid oxide fuel cell.

[0039] Furthermore, the power generation method of the power generation system also includes the following steps: the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas passes through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy, the unreacted hydrogen and other synthesis gas components enter the combustion chamber to burn and release energy, and the generated high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler through the gas turbine;

[0040] After the water pump feed water passes through the waste heat utilization boiler, it is heated to high-temperature steam, which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. Part of the high-temperature steam at the outlet enters the gasification reactor as a gasification medium for the gasification reaction of solid waste, and the remaining part enters the low-temperature steam turbine to further drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0041] Based on the above technical solution, the following effects can be achieved:

[0042] Based on the function of solid oxide fuel cells, the chemical energy in hydrogen-rich syngas is efficiently converted into electrical energy. At the same time, the unreacted hydrogen and other syngas components enter the combustion chamber for combustion. The released energy is further converted into electrical energy and high-temperature flue gas through the gas turbine. The high-temperature flue gas is recovered through the waste heat boiler, thus achieving the efficient utilization of comprehensive energy and emission reduction goals;

[0043] Based on the function of waste heat utilization boiler, waste heat recovery in high-temperature flue gas is realized and converted into high-temperature steam. These high-temperature steam drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. The remaining part is used in the gasification reactor as a gasification medium to promote the gasification reaction of solid waste. At the same time, the remaining steam is further used to generate electricity through the low-temperature steam turbine, thus realizing multi-level utilization and efficient conversion of energy.

[0044] Furthermore, the system also includes a second air inlet, a second heat exchanger, a second supercharger, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode and a third heat exchanger which are connected in sequence, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode is connected to the air compressor, and the third heat exchanger is connected to the combustion chamber.

[0045] Based on the above technical solution, the air compressor stably supplies oxygen to the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell, the room temperature air is heat exchanged through the second heat exchanger, and after being pressurized by the second supercharger, part of the oxygen enters the cathode of the solid fuel oxide cell, and the remaining other components pass through the third heat exchanger and then enter the combustion chamber to undergo a combustion reaction with the combustible gas that has not participated in the reaction in the solid fuel oxide cell.

[0046] Furthermore, the system also includes:

[0047] The first air inlet, the first supercharger, the first heat exchanger, the first splitter and the lower tower of the distillation tower are sequentially connected, the first heat exchanger is respectively connected to the dirty nitrogen outlet and the pure nitrogen outlet, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is respectively connected to the oxygen-rich liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-rich liquid air delivery pipe;

[0048] The oxygen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe are all connected to a liquid-to-air subcooler, and the liquid-to-air subcooler is connected to a throttle and a first pure nitrogen delivery pipe;

[0049] The expander, the second splitter, the cooling air delivery pipe, the upper tower of the distillation tower and the first pure nitrogen delivery pipe are connected in sequence, and the cooling air delivery pipe is connected to the first heat exchanger.

[0050] Based on the above technical solution, the clean air is pressurized by the first supercharger and enters the first heat exchanger. A stream of clean air is diverted by the first diverter and enters the lower tower of the distillation tower to obtain oxygen-rich liquid air, nitrogen-rich liquid air and pure liquid nitrogen. The oxygen-rich liquid air, nitrogen-rich liquid air and pure liquid nitrogen are cooled by heat exchange with the pure nitrogen from the upper tower of the distillation tower in the liquid air supercooler, throttled by the throttle, and sent to the upper tower of the distillation tower to participate in distillation. After distillation in the upper tower of the distillation tower, pure nitrogen, oxygen and dirty nitrogen can be obtained. Among them, oxygen passes through the first heat exchanger, is reheated to room temperature and then led out from the oxygen outlet, pure nitrogen passes through the nitrogen supercooler and the first heat exchanger, is reheated to room temperature and then led out from the pure nitrogen outlet, another clean air enters the expander for further cooling and then enters the second splitter, most of the cooling air enters the upper tower of the distillation tower for distillation, and a small part of the cooling air is mixed with the dirty nitrogen from the nitrogen supercooler, and then enters the first heat exchanger to be reheated to room temperature and then led out from the dirty nitrogen outlet.

[0051] Furthermore, the upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the throttle, and the upper tower of the distillation tower is also connected to the nitrogen supercooler. The upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first heat exchanger through an oxygen delivery pipe, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first splitter. The nitrogen supercooler is connected to the first heat exchanger through a dirty nitrogen delivery pipe and a second pure nitrogen delivery pipe respectively.

[0052] Based on the above technical solution, the cryogenic air separation unit adopts double-tower distillation of the upper tower and the lower tower to prepare the regeneration reactor of the high-purity oxygen supply system and the solid oxide fuel cell reaction, and obtains dirty nitrogen and pure nitrogen at the same time.

[0053] Furthermore, a water pump, a waste heat utilization boiler, a high-pressure steam turbine, a low-pressure steam turbine and a high-temperature steam outlet are connected in sequence, and the high-pressure steam turbine is connected to the high-temperature steam delivery pipe.

[0054] Based on the above technical solution, after being pressurized by a water pump, it enters the waste heat utilization boiler and is heated to high-temperature steam, which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. Part of the high-temperature steam at the outlet of the high-pressure steam turbine enters the gasification reactor as a gasification medium for the gasification reaction of biomass, and the remaining part enters the low-temperature steam turbine to further drive the steam turbine to generate electricity. The low-temperature water vapor finally generated can be used for industrial and domestic water or other purposes.

[0055] Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas conveying pipe is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler through the gas turbine, the flue gas purification system is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler, and the waste heat utilization boiler is connected to the CCS.

[0056] Based on the above technical solution, the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber enters the gas turbine after being preheated by the air, and then the exhaust gas is introduced into the waste heat utilization boiler, forming an efficient energy utilization system. The high-concentration CO2 flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor enters the waste heat utilization boiler after passing through the flue gas purification system, and finally enters the CCS, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] The present invention can overcome the defects of the traditional power generation system: (1) low energy utilization efficiency and difficulty in realizing multi-level utilization; (2) serious environmental pollution and high greenhouse gas emissions.

[0059] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) The system integrates multi-level energy utilization, has high thermal efficiency, and effectively utilizes waste heat; (2) Through efficient waste gas purification and carbon capture, the unity of hydrogen-rich production and environmental protection goals is achieved; (3) The calcium-based adsorbent can be recycled, thereby improving resource utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a system diagram of a high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, a high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells includes a gasification reactor, a third diverter, a first return valve, a regeneration reactor, a fourth heat exchanger, a CO2-rich flue gas conveying pipe, a flue gas purification system, a waste heat utilization boiler, and a carbon capture and storage module, etc., which are sequentially connected. The gasification reactor is connected to the third diverter, and the gasification reactor is also connected to the high-temperature steam conveying pipe, and the regeneration reactor is connected to the fourth heat exchanger.

[0064] Municipal domestic waste is fed into the gasification reactor at a flow rate of 5000 kg / h, and the operating temperature of the gasification reactor is set to 650 °C, while the temperature of the regeneration reactor is adjusted to 900 °C. Then, calcium oxide powder is added to the gasification reactor, with an initial flow rate set to 1500 kg / h, and water vapor is added, with a flow rate set to 1200 kg / h. Under this condition, the gas composition at the outlet of the gasification reactor is monitored, and it is found that the H2 concentration can reach 92.6%, and the H2 yield is 429 kg / h. In addition, in the regeneration reactor, with the increase of calcium oxide and water vapor flow rates, the CO2 concentration at the outlet of the regeneration reactor can reach 95.15%, and its yield is 4574 kg / h, which optimizes the system's ability to capture and convert carbon dioxide. However, it should be noted that when the temperature of the regeneration reactor is too high, it may lead to the deactivation of the calcium-based adsorbent, thereby reducing its capture capacity. Therefore, in actual operation, the temperature of the regeneration reactor should be controlled within the range of 875-1100 °C. By rationally configuring the calcium oxide flow rate and water vapor flow rate, and the temperature of the gasification reactor and the regeneration reactor, the production of hydrogen in the gasification reactor and carbon dioxide in the regeneration reactor have been significantly improved, thereby achieving efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection effects.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] On the basis of Example 1, Figure 1 As shown, the regeneration reactor is connected to the first return valve, the oxygen outlet, the calcium-based adsorbent conveyor and the fourth heat exchanger, the first return valve is connected to the third diverter, and the oxygen outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger and the air compressor.

[0067] The calcium-based adsorbent is based on calcium-based waste carbide slag, and its flow rate is quantitatively set to 4000kg / h and the water vapor flow rate is 6000kg / h to ensure effective heat transfer and material flow in the reactor. When the system is running, CO2 is highly captured by the regeneration reactor, and the carbon loading rate of calcium oxide is calibrated to 0.35g / g during each cycle. At the same time, the flow rate of calcium-based adsorbent flowing from the regeneration reactor to the gasification reactor is controlled. By achieving efficient use of calcium-based adsorbents and effective treatment of tail gas, the overall efficiency and economy of chemical chain gasification hydrogen production are significantly improved.

[0068] In the gasification reactor, as the flow rate of the calcium-based adsorbent changes, the concentrations of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the synthesis gas are continuously monitored to evaluate the hydrogen production effect under different cycle times, ensuring that the hydrogen concentration reaches 70%, while the concentrations of carbon monoxide and methane are maintained within the corresponding effective range. In addition, a fourth heat exchanger is also provided to eliminate the influence of materials such as calcium oxide and ash on the heat balance, thereby maximizing the thermal efficiency.

[0069] A gasification reactor with a bubbling fluidized bed coupled with a riser is used to ensure that the carbon conversion rate is maintained above 0.8. In the regeneration reactor, by precisely controlling the oxygen inlet flow rate to 1200kg / h and injecting 0.19 of synthesis gas in proportion, the system can achieve self-heating operation without the need for an additional heat source, while optimizing the concentration of hydrogen in the synthesis gas to 90%. In order to improve the operating efficiency of the system, the inlet flow rate of the calcium-based adsorbent and water vapor is adjusted to 10000kg / h, and the Ca / C ratio and S / B ratio of the system are increased, so that the hydrogen production rate is significantly increased to 306.57kg / h, while the CO2 concentration at the outlet of the regeneration reactor reaches 99.33%, and the yield is as high as 2603.67kg / h. This method effectively realizes an efficient and economical hydrogen production process, while ensuring the stable operation and environmental friendliness of the system. This reflects the innovation and application potential of the present invention in the field of chemical chain gasification hydrogen production with calcium-based adsorbents.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes:

[0072] A purification system, a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas delivery pipe, a solid oxide fuel cell anode, a fourth diverter, a combustion chamber and a high-temperature flue gas delivery pipe are sequentially connected, and the solid oxide fuel cell anode is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell cathode and the fourth diverter;

[0073] The second air inlet, the second heat exchanger, the second supercharger, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode and the third heat exchanger are connected in sequence, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode is connected to the air compressor, and the third heat exchanger is connected to the combustion chamber.

[0074] The hydrogen-rich syngas enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell and mixes with the diverted water vapor generated by the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell to further increase the hydrogen concentration in the syngas to 70% and the yield, and then undergoes an oxidation reaction with the oxygen from the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The oxygen flow rate is precisely controlled to be 1200kg / h. The high-temperature water vapor generated by the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell and other syngas components that do not participate in the reaction (such as CO, CH4, etc.) enter the combustion chamber after passing through the fourth diverter. The room-temperature air from the second air inlet passes through the second heat exchanger and the second supercharger and enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell. Part of the oxygen enters the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the remaining other components enter the combustion chamber after passing through the third heat exchanger and undergo a combustion reaction with the combustible gas that does not participate in the reaction in the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber enters the gas turbine after preheating the air to form a co-generation power generation mode. By increasing the operating temperature to 800-900°C and the operating pressure to 3bar, the power generation power of SOFC reaches 9.3MW and the efficiency is 57%, reaching the best state.

[0075] During the implementation process, in order to avoid the generation of a large amount of nitrogen in the combustion chamber exhaust, pure oxygen is selected as the cathode oxidant of the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the exhaust produced is mainly composed of CO2 and water vapor, which is conducive to the subsequent capture and storage of CO2. In this case, the reasonable control of the mixing ratio of oxygen and flue gas in the solid oxide fuel cell anode intake to 40% can effectively improve the power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell and reduce the risk of local overheating.

[0076] With the increase of oxygen content, the power generation and efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell anode continue to improve. At the same time, the proportion of water vapor in the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber is maintained at 51.63%, and the proportion of CO2 reaches 40.54%. The CO2 concentration in the treated flue gas can reach 83.81%, which effectively improves the performance of the solid oxide fuel cell, reduces CO2 emissions, and improves the overall thermal efficiency and environmental friendliness of the system.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes:

[0079] The first air inlet, the first supercharger, the first heat exchanger, the first splitter and the lower tower of the distillation tower are sequentially connected, the first heat exchanger is respectively connected to the dirty nitrogen outlet and the pure nitrogen outlet, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is respectively connected to the oxygen-rich liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-rich liquid air delivery pipe;

[0080] The oxygen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe are all connected to a liquid-to-air subcooler, and the liquid-to-air subcooler is connected to a throttle and a first pure nitrogen delivery pipe;

[0081] The expander, the second splitter, the cooling air delivery pipe, the upper tower of the distillation tower and the first pure nitrogen delivery pipe are connected in sequence, and the cooling air delivery pipe is connected to the first heat exchanger;

[0082] The upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the throttle, and the upper tower of the distillation tower is also connected to the nitrogen supercooler. The upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first heat exchanger through an oxygen delivery pipe, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first splitter. The nitrogen supercooler is connected to the first heat exchanger through a dirty nitrogen delivery pipe and a second pure nitrogen delivery pipe.

[0083] The air flow rate at the first air inlet is 2500kg / h, which is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. The clean air is first pressurized to 3bar and then enters the first heat exchanger for heat exchange. It is then cooled to 282K and diverted by the first diverter. A part of it enters the lower tower of the distillation tower for separation to obtain oxygen-rich liquid air, nitrogen-rich liquid air, and pure liquid nitrogen. The oxygen-rich liquid is cooled and exchanged in the liquid air subcooler, and then transported to the upper part of the distillation tower to participate in the separation and purification of oxygen. The nitrogen-rich liquid air and pure liquid nitrogen are cooled by heat exchange with the pure nitrogen coming out of the upper tower of the distillation tower in the liquid air subcooler, and then throttled by the throttle and sent to the upper tower of the distillation tower to participate in distillation. Among them, the liquid nitrogen is sent to the top of the upper tower of the distillation tower as the reflux liquid of the upper tower of the distillation tower. The other part of the clean air enters the expander for further cooling (96K, 1.41bar). After entering the second splitter, 95% of the cooling air enters the upper tower of the distillation tower for distillation, and pure nitrogen, oxygen and dirty nitrogen can be obtained. Among them, the oxygen passes through the first heat exchanger, is reheated to room temperature and then led out, and the pure nitrogen passes through the nitrogen supercooler and the first heat exchanger, is reheated to room temperature and then led out. The dirty nitrogen coming out of the upper tower of the distillation tower passes through the nitrogen cooler, is mixed with 5% of the cooling air after being diverted by the second splitter, and then enters the first heat exchanger to be reheated to room temperature and then led out.

[0084] The cryogenic air separation unit adopts a double-tower distillation configuration, in which the lower tower of the distillation tower does not have a bottom reboiler, and the upper tower of the distillation tower does not have a top condenser, in order to simplify the design and calculation. Through heat exchange, the absolute value of the heat load of the upper tower and the lower tower of the distillation tower is close, achieving the effect of heat recovery and utilization, and only an additional 0.012MW is required to achieve thermal balance between the two towers, showing the low energy consumption advantage of the air separation system. Further calculations show that when the inlet air flow rate is 25,000kg / h, the purity of the oxygen at the system outlet reaches 99.52%, the yield is 5541.091kg / h, and the total energy consumption is 4.177MW.

[0085] Example 5

[0086] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the system further includes: a water pump, a waste heat utilization boiler, a high-pressure steam turbine, a low-pressure steam turbine and a high-temperature steam outlet are sequentially connected and arranged, and the high-pressure steam turbine is connected to the high-temperature steam delivery pipe;

[0087] The high-temperature flue gas conveying pipe is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler through the gas turbine, the flue gas purification system is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler, and the waste heat utilization boiler is connected to the CCS.

[0088] The pump requires shaft power of 174.34kW. The boiler feed water is pressurized by the pump and enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and then enters the high-pressure steam turbine. A part of the high-temperature steam from the high-pressure steam turbine enters the gasification reactor of the calcium-based adsorbent chemical chain gasification hydrogen production part, and the other part enters the low-pressure steam turbine. The high-temperature steam from the low-pressure steam turbine can be used for industrial and domestic water, etc. The high-temperature flue gas enters the gas turbine, and the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine is higher than 538°C. The pressure of the high-pressure steam turbine is set to 6MPa. The temperature of the high-pressure steam turbine is 20-40°C lower than the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine, and is selected to be 540°C. The pressure of the low-pressure steam turbine is 0.72MPa, and the temperature of the low-pressure steam turbine is 270°C. Then the high-temperature flue gas and the CO2-rich flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor enter the waste heat utilization boiler. The temperature difference between the high-pressure and low-pressure feed water nodes of the waste heat utilization boiler is set to 12°C, the temperature difference at the approach point is set to 15°C, and the feed water temperature is 20°C. The waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas is recovered and converted into high-temperature steam. The high-temperature steam drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. The remaining part is used in the gasification reactor as a gasification medium to promote the gasification reaction of solid waste. At the same time, the remaining steam is further used for power generation through the low-temperature steam turbine, thereby realizing multi-stage utilization and efficient conversion of energy, and finally enters the CCS module, which improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

[0089] The steam system generates 6.326MW of electricity, and the high-temperature steam flow rate entering the gasification reactor is 44,500kg / h, and the temperature is 430.27°C. The high-temperature steam flow rate from the low-pressure steam turbine is 45,500kg / h, and the temperature is 80°C. The inlet temperature of the high-pressure steam turbine is 540°C, and the power generation is 2.255MW. The inlet temperature of the low-pressure steam turbine is 270°C, and the power generation is 4.245MW.

[0090] Example 6

[0091] The highly efficient cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to the above-mentioned embodiments is used to perform highly efficient cycle power generation based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells:

[0092] The biomass enters the gasification reactor, undergoes pyrolysis, gasification, and reforming in the gasification reactor, and then passes through the third splitter and purification system to form hydrogen-rich synthesis gas;

[0093] The calcium-based adsorbent enters the regeneration reactor for calcination regeneration, and enters the gasification reactor through the fourth heat exchanger and the second return valve to promote the high-temperature steam reforming reaction of biomass and the catalytic cracking of tar, and release heat. After capturing CO2, it enters the regeneration reactor together with the residual coke particles through the third diverter and the first return valve for regeneration, and releases the CO2 molecules it carries.

[0094] The CO2-rich flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor passes through the flue gas purification system, enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and finally enters the CCS;

[0095] Clean air passes through the supercharger and enters the first heat exchanger, and then enters the lower tower and the upper tower of the distillation tower through distillation. The nitrogen, polluted nitrogen and high-purity oxygen formed are used for the combustion of coke in the regeneration reactor, and the other part enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell through the air compressor;

[0096] The hydrogen-rich syngas passes through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The unreacted hydrogen and other syngas components enter the combustion chamber for combustion and release of energy. The generated high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler through the gas turbine.

[0097] After the water pump feed water passes through the waste heat utilization boiler, it is heated to high-temperature steam, which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. Part of the high-temperature steam at the outlet enters the gasification reactor as a gasification medium for the gasification reaction of solid waste, and the remaining part enters the low-temperature steam turbine to further drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.

[0098] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chain gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells, characterized in that: It at least includes a gasification reactor, a third diverter, a first return valve, a regeneration reactor, a fourth heat exchanger, a CO2-rich flue gas conveying pipe, a flue gas purification system, a waste heat utilization boiler, and a carbon capture and storage module, which are sequentially connected. The gasification reactor is connected to the third diverter, and the gasification reactor is also connected to the high-temperature steam conveying pipe, and the regeneration reactor is connected to the fourth heat exchanger. The system generates electricity by at least the following steps: The biomass enters the gasification reactor, undergoes pyrolysis, gasification, and reforming in the gasification reactor, and then passes through the third splitter and purification system to form hydrogen-rich synthesis gas; The calcium-based adsorbent enters the regeneration reactor for calcination regeneration, and enters the gasification reactor through the fourth heat exchanger and the second return valve to promote the high-temperature steam reforming reaction of biomass and the catalytic cracking of tar, and release heat. After capturing CO2, it enters the regeneration reactor together with the residual coke particles through the third diverter and the first return valve for regeneration, and releases the CO2 molecules it carries. The CO2-rich flue gas generated by the regeneration reactor passes through the flue gas purification system, enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and finally enters the CCS; Clean air passes through the supercharger and enters the first heat exchanger, and then enters the lower tower and the upper tower of the distillation tower through distillation. The nitrogen, polluted nitrogen and high-purity oxygen formed are used for the combustion of coke in the regeneration reactor, and the other part enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell through the air compressor; The hydrogen-rich syngas passes through the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The unreacted hydrogen and other syngas components enter the combustion chamber for combustion and release of energy. The generated high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler through the gas turbine. After the water pump feed water passes through the waste heat utilization boiler, it is heated to high-temperature steam, which drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. Part of the high-temperature steam at the outlet enters the gasification reactor as a gasification medium for the gasification reaction of solid waste, and the remaining part enters the low-temperature steam turbine to further drive the steam turbine to generate electricity.

2. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized by: The regeneration reactor is connected to the first return valve, the oxygen outlet, the calcium-based adsorbent conveyor and the fourth heat exchanger. The first return valve is connected to the third diverter. The oxygen outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger and the air compressor.

3. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized by: The system also includes a purification system, a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas delivery pipe, a solid oxide fuel cell anode, a fourth diverter, a combustion chamber and a high-temperature flue gas delivery pipe connected in sequence, and the solid oxide fuel cell anode is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell cathode and the fourth diverter.

4. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized by: The system also includes a second air inlet, a second heat exchanger, a second supercharger, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode and a third heat exchanger which are connected in sequence, the solid fuel oxide cell cathode is connected to the air compressor, and the third heat exchanger is connected to the combustion chamber.

5. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system further comprises: The first air inlet, the first supercharger, the first heat exchanger, the first splitter and the lower tower of the distillation tower are sequentially connected, the first heat exchanger is respectively connected to the dirty nitrogen outlet and the pure nitrogen outlet, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is respectively connected to the oxygen-rich liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-rich liquid air delivery pipe; The oxygen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe, the pure liquid nitrogen delivery pipe and the nitrogen-enriched liquid air delivery pipe are all connected to a liquid-air subcooler, and the liquid-air subcooler is connected to a throttle and a first pure nitrogen delivery pipe; The expander, the second splitter, the cooling air delivery pipe, the upper tower of the distillation tower and the first pure nitrogen delivery pipe are connected in sequence, and the cooling air delivery pipe is connected to the first heat exchanger.

6. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the throttle, and the upper tower of the distillation tower is also connected to the nitrogen supercooler. The upper tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first heat exchanger through an oxygen delivery pipe, and the lower tower of the distillation tower is connected to the first splitter. The nitrogen supercooler is connected to the first heat exchanger through a dirty nitrogen delivery pipe and a second pure nitrogen delivery pipe.

7. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1 is characterized by: A water pump, a waste heat utilization boiler, a high-pressure steam turbine, a low-pressure steam turbine and a high-temperature steam outlet are connected in sequence, and the high-pressure steam turbine is connected to the high-temperature steam delivery pipe.

8. The high-efficiency cycle power generation system based on calcium-based chemical chaining gasification hydrogen production coupled with solid oxide fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The high-temperature flue gas conveying pipe is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler through the gas turbine, the flue gas purification system is connected to the waste heat utilization boiler, and the waste heat utilization boiler is connected to the CCS.

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