Pipeline cathode protection on-line monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a pipeline cathode protection on-line monitoring system, relates to the technical field of pipeline protection, and aims to solve the technical problems that current manual detection is not timely, the efficiency is low, detection errors, missing detection and wrong detection are easily caused, and the cathode protection effect detection accuracy cannot be guaranteed in a continuously changing soil environment. Comprising an overground data acquisition assembly, an anti-corrosion layer coated on a protected pipeline, annularly distributed sacrificial assemblies annularly arranged by taking the protected pipeline as an axis, a potential test piece and a long-acting reference electrode which are arranged on one side of the protected pipeline, a fixed pipe hoop mounted on the protected pipeline, and a cathode protection intelligent digital analysis system, according to the method, accurate parametric modeling is carried out on the electrical migration area, the potential distribution situation in the electrical migration area can be accurately mastered, it is ensured that the potential on the surface of the pipeline is within a reasonable range, the phenomena of local pipe body corrosion and even perforation leakage are prevented, and therefore safe operation of the petroleum and natural gas buried steel pipeline is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pipeline protection, and more specifically to an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection. Background Art

[0002] Corrosion detection of buried steel pipelines for oil and natural gas is one of the key technologies for ensuring safe production in the petrochemical industry. Since the 1990s, the industry's buried steel pipelines have widely adopted the method of anti-corrosion layer combined with cathodic protection to protect the pipeline from soil corrosion. As the pipeline's service life increases, the anti-corrosion layer will inevitably age, be damaged, and be damaged by humans, which will cause the anti-corrosion layer to fail, locally corrode the pipe body, and even cause perforation and leakage, which may cause major safety accidents. This requires cathodic protection to provide effective protection for the pipeline in the event of local failure of the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer. Therefore, cathodic protection effectiveness detection is one of the important and commonly used means of pipeline corrosion detection.

[0003] Traditional manual detection mostly relies on multimeters or potential testers plus reference electrodes, which are not timely and inefficient, and are prone to detection errors, missed detections, and wrong detections. They cannot guarantee the accuracy of cathodic protection effect detection in a constantly changing soil environment. In view of this, we propose an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection to solve the technical problems that the current manual detection is untimely and inefficient, easily causes detection errors, missed detections, and wrong detections, and cannot ensure the accuracy of cathodic protection effect detection under a constantly changing soil environment.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection, comprising an above-ground data acquisition component, an anti-corrosion layer coated on a protected pipeline, a ring cloth sacrificial component arranged in a ring shape with the protected pipeline as the axis, a potential test piece and a long-acting reference electrode arranged on one side of the protected pipeline, a fixed pipe clamp installed on the protected pipeline, and a cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0006] The above-ground collection component includes a test pile and an intelligent collection device installed in the test pile, the intelligent collection device includes a cathodic protection instrument body and an intelligent collection terminal, and the cathodic protection instrument body and the intelligent collection terminal are both connected to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0007] The fixed pipe clamp is in contact with and connected to the protected pipeline through the anti-corrosion layer, and the fixed pipe clamp, the ring cloth sacrificial component, the potential test piece, and the long-acting reference electrode are all connected to the intelligent acquisition terminal through a cable;

[0008] The ring cloth sacrificial assembly includes a plurality of anode assemblies and a ring wiring harness connected to the plurality of anode assemblies and connected to an intelligent data acquisition terminal. The plurality of anode assemblies are arranged in a ring shape around the protected pipeline, and the ends of the plurality of anode assemblies away from the ring wiring harness are inclined toward the protected pipeline. The plurality of anode assemblies form a controllable electrical migration zone around the protected pipeline.

[0009] The present invention can accurately grasp the potential distribution in the electrical migration zone by accurately parameterizing modeling of the electrical migration zone formed between the annular distribution of the anode assembly and the pipeline. When the anti-corrosion layer fails locally, even if the soil conditions change or there are other complex factors, the cathodic protection current can still be effectively distributed in the electrical migration zone, ensuring that the surface potential of the pipeline is within a reasonable range, preventing the occurrence of local pipe corrosion and even perforation and leakage, thereby ensuring the safe operation of buried steel pipelines for oil and natural gas.

[0010] Preferably, the anode assembly comprises a rotating seat, in which a sacrificial anode is provided for limited rotation, and a bottom of the sacrificial anode away from one end of the rotating seat is provided with a plurality of electrical migration diffusion grooves for directional release of electrons at equal distances.

[0011] Preferably, a pin for inserting and positioning in the soil is configured at the top center of the rotating seat, and a connecting column is installed at the center of one end of the sacrificial anode facing the rotating seat, and the ring wiring harness is electrically connected to the connecting column.

[0012] Preferably, the fixed pipe clamp includes a pipe clamp body, which is arranged on the protected pipe and abuts against the anti-corrosion layer, and a through groove is opened on one side of the pipe clamp body, and a socket is arranged in the through groove, and a rubber sheath fixedly installed in the through groove is sleeved on the socket, and a plug is inserted in the socket, and the plug is electrically connected to the intelligent collection terminal through a wire.

[0013] Preferably, the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system includes an information overview unit, a real-time monitoring unit, a map management unit, an alarm warning unit, an operation and maintenance unit, a query and statistics unit, an expert analysis unit, and a basic information unit;

[0014] The information overview unit includes an overall overview of cathodic protection, a cathodic protection status display module, a cathodic protection instrument information display module, an online rate display module for each plant equipment, a fault statistics module, and an alarm information display module;

[0015] The real-time monitoring unit includes a test pile monitoring module, a cathodic protection instrument monitoring module, and a pipeline potential distribution module;

[0016] The map management unit includes a test pile positioning module and a cathodic protection instrument positioning module;

[0017] The alarm warning unit includes a test pile alarm module, a cathodic protection instrument alarm module, an anode block alarm module, a test pile potential alarm module, and a stray current prejudgment alarm module.

[0018] Preferably, the operation and maintenance unit comprises an event reporting module, an event review module, an event processing module, and an event closing module, and the event reporting module, event review module, event processing module, and event closing module are connected in sequence.

[0019] Preferably, the query statistics unit includes a pipeline potential distribution module, a natural potential distribution module, a protection status statistics module, a terminal status statistics module, and a cathodic protection instrument operation status statistics module.

[0020] Preferably, the expert analysis unit includes a data monitoring module, a diagnosis analysis module, a diagnosis report generation module, and a solution generation module, and the data monitoring module, the diagnosis analysis module, the diagnosis report generation module, and the solution generation module are connected in sequence.

[0021] Preferably, the basic information unit includes a test pile maintenance module, a cathodic protection instrument maintenance module, a collection terminal maintenance module, and a flow card maintenance module.

[0022] A pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1: Pre-treatment of insured pipeline;

[0024] The surface of the protected pipe is cleaned and rust-removed, and then the anti-corrosion layer is coated. After the coating process is completed, the anti-corrosion layer is polished on the surface of the protected pipe to clean out the circular window, and then the pipe clamp body is arranged on the circular window, so that the socket is connected to the protected pipe through the circular window, and then the cable connected to the intelligent collection terminal is connected to the plug, and then the plug is inserted into the socket to complete the connection between the protected pipe and the intelligent collection terminal;

[0025] S2: soil conductivity data analysis;

[0026] S201: Sampling grid establishment;

[0027] A sampling grid is established in the protected pipeline laying area. The grid density is determined according to the length and diameter of the protected pipeline and the geological complexity of the area, ensuring that the sampling points can fully cover the areas around the protected pipeline that may affect cathodic protection. The calculation formula for the number of sampling points N is:

[0028] N = ω × L × D × O;

[0029] Where ω is the proportionality coefficient, L is the length of the protected pipeline, D is the diameter of the protected pipeline, and O is the geological complexity coefficient;

[0030] S202: Resistivity measurement;

[0031] Use a high-precision soil resistivity tester to measure the resistivity of multiple layers at each sampling point. At the same time, collect soil samples from each sampling point and use professional laboratory analysis equipment to analyze the composition of the soil, including mineral content, pH, organic matter content, moisture, and porosity parameters. Use the Wenner method for soil resistivity measurement:

[0032] ρ=2πaR;

[0033] Where ρ is soil resistivity, a is the electrode spacing, and R is the measured resistance value;

[0034] S203: Quantitative relationship model;

[0035] Based on the collected data, the clustering algorithm in machine learning is used to establish a quantitative relationship model between soil conductivity and various influencing factors. The model reflects the changes in soil conductivity at different locations and depths to predict the changing trend of soil conductivity under different environmental conditions. The K-means clustering algorithm is used to minimize the objective function:

[0036]

[0037] Where k is the number of clusters, C i is the i-th cluster, x is a data point, μ i is the center of the i-th cluster;

[0038] S3: 3D modeling and simulation computing;

[0039] S301: Three-dimensional model of soil conductivity;

[0040] Based on the measured soil conductivity data and influencing factor data, a three-dimensional soil conductivity model with high-precision resolution is created to accurately depict the spatial distribution details of soil conductivity around the protected pipeline;

[0041] S302: Parametric modeling;

[0042] In the three-dimensional model, the protected pipeline and its surrounding environment, including other underground facilities and terrain undulations, are modeled in detail. At the same time, the anode assembly in the ring cloth sacrificial assembly is parametrically modeled, including the shape, size, material properties, and electrical properties of the anode. The electrical properties of the parametric modeling of the anode assembly can be expressed by the polarization curve equation of the anode:

[0043]

[0044] Where I is the current, I0 is the exchange current density, α is the transfer coefficient, n is the number of reaction electrons, F is the Faraday constant, η is the overpotential, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature;

[0045] When parametrically modeling the anode assembly in the ring-shaped sacrificial assembly, in addition to considering the shape, size, material properties, and electrical performance of the anode assembly, it is also necessary to consider the controllable electrical migration zone formed between the anode assembly and the protected pipeline after the anode assembly is distributed in an annular manner. Suppose the annular radius of the anode assembly is R a , the radius of the protected pipeline is R p , then the width of the controllable electromigration region γ=R a -R p ;

[0046] The electric field strength E in the controllable electromigration region can be analyzed according to Coulomb's law and the principle of electric field superposition. Assuming that the surface charge density of the anode assembly is σ, at a distance r (R a <r<R p ) can be calculated by the following formula for the infinite length cylindrical model approximation:

[0047]

[0048] Where λ is the charge per unit length, ∈0 is the vacuum dielectric constant, and the relationship between the charge λ and the surface charge density σ of the anode assembly is: λ=2πR a σ;

[0049] S303: numerical simulation calculation;

[0050] The propagation path of the cathodic protection current in the soil and protected pipeline, the current density distribution and the potential distribution on the surface of the protected pipeline under different anode component distribution conditions are simulated in a three-dimensional model by using numerical simulation calculation methods. The non-uniformity of soil conductivity, the polarization characteristics of the sacrificial anode and the interface effect factors between the protected pipeline and the soil are considered in the simulation process to obtain more accurate simulation results. In the controllable electrical migration zone, the current density X is related to the electric field strength E and the conductivity σ m The relationship between the conductivity of the medium in the migration zone satisfies Ohm's law X = σ m E;

[0051] Assume that the cathodic protection current is I y , in the controlled electrical migration zone between the annular anode assembly and the pipeline, the current density distribution can be calculated by the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] Where r is the distance from the center of the anode assembly (R a <r<Rp ), δ is the width of the controllable electromigration region;

[0054] S304: Optimization of anode assembly distribution scheme;

[0055] By comparing and analyzing the simulation calculation results of different anode assembly distribution schemes, the optimal anode assembly distribution scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the protection effect, cost-effectiveness, and service life of the sacrificial anode. In areas with low soil conductivity and high current demand, the number and density of anode assemblies are increased, and in areas with high conductivity and relatively stable conditions, the number of anode assemblies is appropriately reduced, and the uniformity of the protection potential is ensured, which is expressed using a cost-effectiveness evaluation.

[0056]

[0057] Among them, C eff is the cost-effectiveness coefficient, C total is the total cost of anode assembly installation and maintenance, P eff is the protection effect, which is quantified by the protection potential coverage and pipeline surface potential uniformity indicators, and T is the expected service life of the sacrificial anode;

[0058] S305: generating an installation guide map and coordinate information;

[0059] According to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, a detailed installation guide map and coordinate information are generated to guide on-site construction personnel to accurately install the anode assemblies. The installation guide map clearly defines the position coordinates, installation depth, inclination angle of each anode assembly, and the relative position relationship between the adjacent anode assemblies and the protected pipeline. The coordinate transformation algorithm is used to transform the anode assembly position coordinates in the design plan from the design coordinate system to the on-site construction coordinate system. Assume that the coordinates in the design coordinate system are (x d ,y d ,z d ), the coordinates in the on-site construction coordinate system are (x c ,y c ,z c ), through the coordinate transformation matrix T containing translation and rotation parameters, satisfying:

[0060]

[0061] S4: sacrificial anode installation and adjustment;

[0062] S401: Installation and positioning;

[0063] When determining the installation position of the sacrificial anode according to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, the position of the controllable electrical migration zone should be considered. The installation position of the sacrificial anode should ensure that it can form a suitable controllable electrical migration zone with the pipeline under the annular distribution. When the total station is used for precise positioning on site, it is necessary to ensure that the installation coordinates of the anode assembly meet the design requirements of the controllable electrical migration zone. At the same time, the bottom of the pit is leveled to ensure that the sacrificial anode has good contact with the soil after installation. The coordinates measured by the total station are (x t ,y t ,z t ), the design installation position coordinates are (x d ,y d ,z d ), deviation Δx = x t -x d , Δy=y t -y d , Δz=z t -z d , the deviation control requirements meet:

[0064]

[0065] Among them, ∈ is the preset deviation range value;

[0066] S402: sacrificial anode installation;

[0067] The sacrificial anode is installed in the pit through a nail. The length and diameter of the nail are designed according to the mechanical properties of the soil and the weight of the sacrificial anode to ensure that the sacrificial anode can be stably fixed in the soil during long-term use and that there is sufficient friction and anchoring force between the nail and the soil;

[0068] S403: Sacrificial anode fine-tuning;

[0069] After the sacrificial anode is installed in place, the angle is adjusted initially to adjust the sacrificial anode 302 to a preset inclination angle. At the same time, the fit between the sacrificial anode and the surrounding soil is checked. If there is a gap, fill it with a filling material with similar properties to the surrounding soil to ensure good electrical contact. Assuming that the angle of the sacrificial anode after adjustment is θ, the distance between it and the pipeline and the electric field distribution will change with the change of the angle. In the controllable electrical migration area, the electric field strength and potential distribution are functions of the angle θ. For a specific potential measurement point, its potential V p (θ) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Wherein, r1(θ) and r2(θ) are the distance ranges of the potential measurement point p relative to the sacrificial anode at the angle θ. The potential change is monitored by the potential test piece 4, and the angle of the sacrificial anode is adjusted so that the potential distribution in the controllable electrical migration zone meets the requirements of cathodic protection, thereby ensuring good electrical contact and protection effect.

[0072] S5: fine-tuning based on test data;

[0073] S501: Establishing connection with the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0074] After the initial installation and adjustment, install the long-term reference electrode and potential test strip in turn, connect them to the intelligent acquisition terminal through cables, and then start the long-term reference electrode and potential test strip for real-time detection. First, measure the initial potential difference between the protected pipeline and the soil and the potential gradient around the sacrificial anode, and transmit the measured data to the Yinbao intelligent digital analysis system through the intelligent acquisition terminal;

[0075] S502: Fine adjustment of sacrificial anode;

[0076] The cathode protection intelligent digital analysis system calculates the angle increment that needs to be adjusted for the sacrificial anode based on the potential data received in the controllable electrical migration zone, combined with the three-dimensional soil conductivity model and the pre-set protection potential range, through an intelligent algorithm. The expected potential distribution function is V d (x, y) is in the controllable electromigration region, and the potential distribution function actually measured is V m (x, y), then adjust the angle increment Δθ, which can be obtained by solving the following objective function through the optimization algorithm:

[0077] minimize∑ (x,y)∈M (V m (x,y,θ+Δθ)-V d (x,y) 2 ;

[0078] Wherein, M is a set of potential detection points in the controllable electromigration zone. In this way, the inclination angle of the sacrificial anode is finely adjusted by using a hydraulic adjustment device, so that the potential distribution in the controllable electromigration zone is closer to the desired protection potential distribution, thereby improving the cathodic protection effect;

[0079] S503: Adjust parameter records;

[0080] During the adjustment process, the potential change is continuously monitored. When the potential difference reaches the set protection potential range and the potential distribution is uniform, the adjustment is stopped. At the same time, the adjusted sacrificial anode position and angle are reconfirmed and recorded to ensure its stability and effectiveness in the subsequent operation process;

[0081] S504: Regular maintenance;

[0082] During the operation of the entire cathodic protection system, the state of the sacrificial anode is regularly checked and the potential is measured. If the potential is abnormal or the protection effect is reduced due to changes in soil conditions, the angle and position of the sacrificial anode must be re-evaluated and adjusted in time to ensure that the protected pipeline is always in a good cathodic protection state;

[0083] S6: Data transmission and analysis;

[0084] After the intelligent acquisition terminal transmits all the collected data to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system, when analyzing the real-time potential data of the protected pipeline, the potential data in the controllable electrical migration area shall be analyzed separately. When drawing the pipeline potential distribution map using the pipeline potential distribution module, the potential contour lines or equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area shall be marked. The equation of the equipotential line with a potential value of V is assumed to be f(x, y) = 0, where x and y are plane coordinates. The equation of the equipotential line can be obtained by solving the coordinate relationship when the potential function V(x, y) is equal to V. By observing the shape, density and other information of the equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area, it is judged whether the potential distribution meets the requirements of cathodic protection. If there is a local potential anomaly in the controllable electrical migration area, such as the equipotential lines are too dense or sparse, or the potential gradient changes suddenly, it is marked as a potential problem point. Further analysis may be caused by the failure of the anode component, changes in soil conductivity or other factors in the controllable electrical migration area, and corresponding maintenance measures shall be taken in time.

[0085] S7: Alarm and warning;

[0086] In the alarm warning unit, when the potential abnormality or other related parameter abnormality in the controllable electrical migration area is detected, the corresponding alarm information is issued. When the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area exceeds the normal range, the abnormal potential alarm of the controllable electrical migration area is issued through a specific alarm module. The normal range of the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area is [V min ,V max ], when the calculated average potential difference satisfies or When the alarm mechanism is activated;

[0087] At the same time, the stray current pre-judgment warning module should be more sensitive to stray currents that may affect the controllable electrical migration zone. When it is detected that stray currents may cause significant interference in the controllable electrical migration zone, warning information should be issued in advance so that timely measures can be taken to prevent the stray currents from damaging the cathodic protection system and ensure the normal potential distribution and cathodic protection effect in the controllable electrical migration zone.

[0088] S8: Operation and maintenance steps;

[0089] In the operation and maintenance unit, when an alarm related to the controllable electrical migration area is received or the staff finds an abnormal situation in the controllable electrical migration area, the problem will be reported through the event reporting module. The report content includes the abnormal information of the controllable electrical migration area and the equipment information that may affect the controllable electrical migration area. The event review module reviews the reported event. After confirming the authenticity and severity of the problem, the event processing module arranges relevant personnel to handle it according to the type and severity of the problem. After the processing is completed, the event is closed through the event closing module, and the processing results are recorded, including the repair or adjustment of the controllable electrical migration area, to ensure that the controllable electrical migration area resumes normal operation and ensure the cathodic protection effect of the protected pipeline;

[0090] S9: query statistics and expert analysis steps;

[0091] In the query and statistics unit, the historical data and real-time data in the controllable electrical migration area are queried and statistically analyzed, and the potential change, potential gradient distribution and other information in the controllable electrical migration area in different time periods are statistically analyzed. Combined with the protection status of the protected pipeline, the operation time and failure rate data of the cathodic protection instrument, more comprehensive data support is provided for the formulation of the maintenance plan for the protected pipeline;

[0092] In the expert analysis unit, when the data monitoring module detects abnormal data in the controllable electrical migration zone, the diagnostic analysis module conducts an in-depth analysis of the data, and determines the root cause of the problem by combining the historical data of the controllable electrical migration zone, the parameters of the anode components, and the expert knowledge of soil characteristics. If the potential gradient in the controllable electrical migration zone suddenly increases, it may be due to the anode component corrosion aggravation or the appearance of a local conductive abnormal area in the soil. The diagnostic report generation module generates a detailed diagnostic report, including a description of the problem in the controllable electrical migration zone, possible causes, and the scope of impact. The solution generation module proposes targeted solutions based on the diagnostic results, and guides maintenance personnel to repair and adjust the controllable electrical migration zone to ensure the stable operation of the cathodic protection system.

[0093] In the basic information unit, more detailed maintenance information management is carried out for test piles, cathodic protection instrument main body, intelligent collection terminal and other equipment, and the maintenance time, maintenance content and replacement parts information related to the potential detection of the controllable electrical migration zone are recorded to ensure the normal operation of the related detection equipment of the controllable electrical migration zone, thereby ensuring the effective monitoring of the controllable electrical migration zone and the normal operation of the cathodic protection system.

[0094] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0095] 1. The present invention can accurately grasp the potential distribution in the electrical migration zone by accurately parameterizing modeling of the electrical migration zone formed between the annular distribution of the anode assembly and the pipeline, so that when the anti-corrosion layer fails locally, even if the soil conditions change or there are other complex factors, the cathodic protection current can still be effectively distributed in the electrical migration zone, ensuring that the surface potential of the pipeline is within a reasonable range, preventing the occurrence of local pipe corrosion and even perforation and leakage, thereby ensuring the safe operation of buried steel pipelines for oil and natural gas.

[0096] 2. The present invention also takes into account the unevenness of soil conductivity, the polarization characteristics of the sacrificial anode, and the interface effect between the pipeline and the soil through analysis of soil conductivity data, three-dimensional modeling and simulation calculation, and optimization of the anode assembly distribution plan. This makes the distribution of the anode assembly more scientific and reasonable, and can maintain its protective effect under changing soil conditions, thereby extending the service life of the pipeline and indirectly reducing the cost of pipeline maintenance and replacement.

[0097] 3. The present invention also has a variety of functional units. The alarm warning unit can issue an alarm message in time when detecting abnormal potential or other related parameter abnormalities in the electrical migration area. The operation and maintenance unit can report, review, process and record the problem. The query statistics unit and the expert analysis unit can conduct in-depth analysis of the data. These functions help to quickly locate and diagnose faults, guide maintenance personnel to take targeted measures, reduce the time when the pipeline stops running due to faults, and improve the operation efficiency of the entire pipeline system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0098] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structural distribution state of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ring cloth sacrificial component in the present invention;

[0100] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed pipe hoop in the present invention;

[0101] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anode assembly in the present invention;

[0102] Figure 5 It is a schematic block diagram of the Yinbao intelligent digital analysis system in the present invention.

[0103] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0104] 1. Protected pipeline; 2. Anti-corrosion layer; 3. Ring cloth sacrificial component; 301. Rotating seat; 302. Sacrificial anode; 303. Pin; 304. Ring wiring harness; 305. Electromigration diffusion tank; 4. Potential test piece; 5. Long-term reference electrode; 6. Test pile; 7. Intelligent collection device; 8. Fixed pipe clamp; 801. Pipe clamp body; 802. Rubber sheath; 803. Socket; 804. Plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0105] Embodiment 1: Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention relates to an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection, an online monitoring system for pipeline cathodic protection, comprising an above-ground data acquisition component, an anti-corrosion layer 2 coated on a protected pipeline 1, a ring cloth sacrificial component 3 arranged in a ring shape with the protected pipeline 1 as the axis, a potential test piece 4 and a long-acting reference electrode 5 arranged on one side of the protected pipeline 1, a fixed pipe clamp 8 installed on the protected pipeline 1, and a cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0106] The above-ground collection component includes a test pile 6 and an intelligent collection device 7 installed in the test pile 6, and the intelligent collection device 7 includes a cathodic protection instrument body and an intelligent collection terminal, and the cathodic protection instrument body and the intelligent collection terminal are both connected to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0107] The fixed pipe clamp 8 is in contact with and connected to the protected pipeline 1 through the anti-corrosion layer 2, and the fixed pipe clamp 8, the ring cloth sacrificial component 3, the potential test piece 4, and the long-term reference electrode 5 are all connected to the intelligent acquisition terminal through a cable;

[0108] The ring-cloth sacrificial component 3 includes a plurality of anode components and a ring wiring harness 304 connected to the plurality of anode components and connected to an intelligent data acquisition terminal. The plurality of anode components are arranged in a ring shape around the protected pipeline 1, and the ends of the plurality of anode components away from the ring wiring harness 304 are inclined toward the protected pipeline 1. The plurality of anode components form a controllable electrical migration zone around the protected pipeline 1.

[0109] The present invention can accurately grasp the potential distribution in the electrical migration zone by accurately parameterizing modeling of the electrical migration zone formed between the annular distribution of the anode assembly and the protected pipeline 1, so that when the anti-corrosion layer 2 fails locally, even if the soil conditions change or there are other complex factors, the cathodic protection current can still be effectively distributed in the electrical migration zone, ensuring that the surface potential of the protected pipeline 1 is within a reasonable range, preventing the occurrence of local pipe corrosion and even perforation and leakage, thereby ensuring the safe operation of buried steel pipelines for oil and natural gas.

[0110] In an embodiment of the present invention, the anode assembly includes a rotating seat 301, in which a sacrificial anode 302 is provided for limited rotation, and a plurality of electromigration diffusion grooves 305 for directional release of electrons are equidistantly provided at the bottom of the sacrificial anode 302 away from one end of the rotating seat 301.

[0111] In an embodiment of the present invention, a pin 303 for inserting and positioning in the soil is configured at the top center of the rotating seat 301, and a connecting column is installed at the center of one end of the sacrificial anode 302 facing the rotating seat 301, and the ring wiring harness 304 is electrically connected to the connecting column.

[0112] In an embodiment of the present invention, the fixed pipe clamp 8 includes a pipe clamp body 801, which is arranged on the protected pipeline 1 and abuts against the anti-corrosion layer 2, and a through groove is opened on one side of the pipe clamp body 801, and a socket 803 is arranged in the through groove, and a rubber sheath 802 fixedly installed in the through groove is sleeved on the socket 803, and a plug 804 is inserted in the socket 803, and the plug 804 is electrically connected to the intelligent collection terminal through a wire.

[0113] In an embodiment of the present invention, the indirect protection intelligent digital analysis system includes an information overview unit, a real-time monitoring unit, a map management unit, an alarm warning unit, an operation and maintenance unit, a query and statistics unit, an expert analysis unit, and a basic information unit;

[0114] The information overview unit includes an overall overview of cathodic protection, a cathodic protection status display module, a cathodic protection instrument information display module, an online rate display module for each plant equipment, a fault statistics module, and an alarm information display module;

[0115] The real-time monitoring unit includes a test pile monitoring module, a cathodic protection instrument monitoring module, and a pipeline potential distribution module;

[0116] The map management unit includes a test pile positioning module and a cathodic protection instrument positioning module;

[0117] The alarm warning unit includes a test pile alarm module, a cathodic protection instrument alarm module, an anode block alarm module, a test pile potential alarm module, and a stray current prejudgment alarm module;

[0118] The operation and maintenance unit comprises an event reporting module, an event review module, an event processing module, and an event closing module, and the event reporting module, event review module, event processing module, and event closing module are connected in sequence.

[0119] The query statistics unit includes a pipeline potential distribution module, a natural potential distribution module, a protection situation statistics module, a terminal situation statistics module, and a cathodic protection instrument operation situation statistics module;

[0120] The expert analysis unit includes a data monitoring module, a diagnosis analysis module, a diagnosis report generation module, and a solution generation module, and the data monitoring module, the diagnosis analysis module, the diagnosis report generation module, and the solution generation module are connected in sequence;

[0121] The basic information unit includes a test pile maintenance module, a cathodic protection instrument maintenance module, a collection terminal maintenance module, and a flow card maintenance module.

[0122] Embodiment 2: As another embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring method comprises the following steps:

[0123] S1: Pretreatment of protected pipeline 1;

[0124] The surface of the protected pipe 1 is cleaned and rust-removed, and then the anti-corrosion layer 2 is coated. After the coating process is completed, the anti-corrosion layer 2 is polished on the surface of the protected pipe 1 to clean out a circular window, and then the pipe clamp body 801 is arranged on the circular window, so that the socket 803 is connected to the protected pipe 1 through the circular window, and then the cable connected to the intelligent collection terminal is connected to the plug 804, and then the plug 804 is inserted into the socket 803 to complete the connection between the protected pipe 1 and the intelligent collection terminal;

[0125] S2: soil conductivity data analysis;

[0126] S201: Sampling grid establishment;

[0127] A sampling grid is established in the laying area of ​​the protected pipeline 1. The grid density is determined according to the length and diameter of the protected pipeline 1 and the geological complexity of the area, ensuring that the sampling points can fully cover the areas around the protected pipeline 1 that may affect the cathodic protection. The calculation formula for the number of sampling points N is:

[0128] N = ω × L × D × O;

[0129] Wherein, ω is the proportionality coefficient, L is the length of the protected pipeline 1, D is the diameter of the protected pipeline 1, and O is the geological complexity coefficient;

[0130] S202: Resistivity measurement;

[0131] Use a high-precision soil resistivity tester to measure the resistivity of multiple layers at each sampling point. At the same time, collect soil samples from each sampling point and use professional laboratory analysis equipment to analyze the composition of the soil, including mineral content, pH, organic matter content, moisture, and porosity parameters. Use the Wenner method for soil resistivity measurement:

[0132] ρ=2πaR;

[0133] Where ρ is soil resistivity, a is the electrode spacing, and R is the measured resistance value;

[0134] S203: Quantitative relationship model;

[0135] Based on the collected data, the clustering algorithm in machine learning is used to establish a quantitative relationship model between soil conductivity and various influencing factors. The model reflects the changes in soil conductivity at different locations and depths to predict the changing trend of soil conductivity under different environmental conditions. The K-means clustering algorithm is used to minimize the objective function:

[0136]

[0137] Where k is the number of clusters, C i is the i-th cluster, x is a data point, μ i is the center of the i-th cluster;

[0138] S3: 3D modeling and simulation computing;

[0139] S301: Three-dimensional model of soil conductivity;

[0140] Based on the measured soil conductivity data and influencing factor data, a soil conductivity three-dimensional model with high-precision resolution is created to accurately depict the spatial distribution details of soil conductivity around the protected pipeline 1;

[0141] S302: Parametric modeling;

[0142] In the three-dimensional model, the protected pipeline 1 and its surrounding environment, including other underground facilities and terrain undulations, are modeled in detail. At the same time, the anode assembly in the ring cloth sacrificial assembly 3 is parametrically modeled, including the shape, size, material properties, and electrical properties of the anode. The electrical properties of the parametric modeling of the anode assembly can be expressed by the polarization curve equation of the anode:

[0143]

[0144] Where I is the current, I0 is the exchange current density, α is the transfer coefficient, n is the number of reaction electrons, F is the Faraday constant, η is the overpotential, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature;

[0145] When parametrically modeling the anode assembly in the ring-shaped sacrificial assembly 3, in addition to considering the shape, size, material properties, and electrical performance of the anode assembly, it is also necessary to consider the controllable electrical migration zone formed between the anode assembly and the protected pipeline 1 after the anode assembly is distributed in a ring. Assume that the annular radius of the anode assembly is R a , the radius of the protected pipeline 1 is R p, then the width of the controllable electromigration region γ=R a -R p ;

[0146] The electric field strength E in the controllable electromigration region can be analyzed according to Coulomb's law and the principle of electric field superposition. Assuming that the surface charge density of the anode assembly is σ, at a distance r (R a <r<R p ) can be calculated by the following formula for the infinite length cylindrical model approximation:

[0147]

[0148] Where λ is the charge per unit length, ∈0 is the vacuum dielectric constant, and the relationship between the charge λ and the surface charge density σ of the anode assembly is: λ=2πR a σ;

[0149] S303: numerical simulation calculation;

[0150] The propagation path of the cathodic protection current in the soil and the protected pipeline 1, the current density distribution, and the potential distribution on the surface of the protected pipeline 1 under different anode component distribution conditions are simulated in a three-dimensional model by using a numerical simulation calculation method. The non-uniformity of soil conductivity, the polarization characteristics of the sacrificial anode 302, and the interface effect factors between the protected pipeline 1 and the soil are considered in the simulation calculation process to obtain more accurate simulation results. In the controllable electrical migration zone, the current density X is related to the electric field strength E and the conductivity σ m The relationship between the conductivity of the medium in the migration zone satisfies Ohm's law X = σ m E;

[0151] Assume that the cathodic protection current is I y , in the controllable electromigration zone between the annular anode assembly and the protected pipeline 1, the current density distribution can be calculated by the following formula:

[0152]

[0153] Where r is the distance from the center of the anode assembly (R a <r<R p ), δ is the width of the controllable electromigration region;

[0154] S304: Optimization of anode assembly distribution scheme;

[0155] By comparing and analyzing the simulation calculation results of different anode assembly distribution schemes, the optimal anode assembly distribution scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the protection effect, cost-effectiveness, and service life of the sacrificial anode 302. In areas with low soil conductivity and high current demand, the number and density of anode assemblies are increased, and in areas with high conductivity and relatively stable conditions, the number of anode assemblies is appropriately reduced, and the uniformity of the protection potential is ensured, which is expressed using cost-effectiveness evaluation.

[0156]

[0157] Among them, C eff is the cost-effectiveness coefficient, C total is the total cost of anode assembly installation and maintenance, P eff is the protection effect, which is quantified by the protection potential coverage and the potential uniformity index of the protected pipeline 1 surface, and T is the expected service life of the sacrificial anode 302;

[0158] S305: generating an installation guide map and coordinate information;

[0159] According to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, a detailed installation guide map and coordinate information are generated to guide on-site construction personnel to accurately install the anode assemblies. The installation guide map clearly defines the position coordinates, installation depth, inclination angle of each anode assembly, and the relative position relationship between the adjacent anode assembly and the protected pipeline 1. The coordinate transformation algorithm is used to transform the anode assembly position coordinates in the design plan from the design coordinate system to the on-site construction coordinate system. Assume that the coordinates in the design coordinate system are (x d ,y d ,z d ), the coordinates in the on-site construction coordinate system are (x c ,y c ,z c ), through the coordinate transformation matrix T containing translation and rotation parameters, satisfying:

[0160]

[0161] S4: Installation and adjustment of sacrificial anode 302;

[0162] S401: Installation and positioning;

[0163] When determining the installation position of the sacrificial anode 302 according to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, the position of the controllable electrical migration zone should be considered. The installation position of the sacrificial anode 302 should ensure that it can form a suitable controllable electrical migration zone with the protected pipeline 1 under the annular distribution. When the total station is used for precise line positioning on site, it is necessary to ensure that the installation coordinates of the anode assembly meet the design requirements of the controllable electrical migration zone. At the same time, the bottom of the pit is leveled to ensure that the sacrificial anode 302 has good contact with the soil after installation. The coordinates measured by the total station are (x t ,y t ,z t ), the design installation position coordinates are (x d ,y d ,z d ), deviation Δx = x t -x d , Δy=y t -y d , Δz=z t -z d , the deviation control requirements meet:

[0164]

[0165] Among them, ∈ is the preset deviation range value;

[0166] S402: sacrificial anode 302 installation;

[0167] The sacrificial anode 302 is installed in the pit through the pin 303. The length and diameter of the pin 303 are designed according to the mechanical properties of the soil and the weight of the sacrificial anode 302 to ensure that the sacrificial anode 302 can be stably fixed in the soil during long-term use and that there is sufficient friction and anchoring force between the pin 303 and the soil.

[0168] S403: fine-tuning the sacrificial anode 302;

[0169] After the sacrificial anode 302 is installed in place, a preliminary angle adjustment is performed on it to adjust the sacrificial anode 302 to a preset inclination angle. At the same time, the fit between the sacrificial anode 302 and the surrounding soil is checked. If there is a gap, fill it with a filling material with similar properties to the surrounding soil to ensure good electrical contact. Assuming that the angle of the sacrificial anode after adjustment is θ, the distance between it and the protected pipeline 1 and the electric field distribution will change with the change of the angle. In the controllable electrical migration area, the electric field strength and potential distribution are functions of the angle θ. For a specific potential measurement point, its potential V p (θ) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] Wherein, r1(θ) and r2(θ) are the distance ranges of the potential measurement point p relative to the sacrificial anode 302 at the angle θ. The potential change is monitored by the potential test piece 4, and the angle of the sacrificial anode 302 is adjusted so that the potential distribution in the controllable electromigration zone meets the requirements of cathodic protection, thereby ensuring good electrical contact and protection effect.

[0172] S5: fine-tuning based on test data;

[0173] S501: Establishing connection with the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system;

[0174] After the initial installation and adjustment are completed, the long-term reference electrode 5 and the potential test strip 4 are installed in turn, and then connected to the intelligent acquisition terminal through a cable, and then the long-term reference electrode 5 and the potential test strip 4 are started for real-time detection. First, the initial potential difference between the protected pipeline 1 and the soil and the potential gradient around the sacrificial anode 302 are measured, and the measurement data are transmitted to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system through the intelligent acquisition terminal;

[0175] S502: fine adjustment of the sacrificial anode 302;

[0176] The cathode protection intelligent digital analysis system calculates the angle increment that needs to be adjusted for the sacrificial anode 302 through an intelligent algorithm based on the potential data received in the controllable electrical migration zone, combined with the three-dimensional soil conductivity model and the pre-set protection potential range. The desired potential distribution function is V d (x, y) is in the controllable electromigration region, and the potential distribution function actually measured is V m (x, y), then adjust the angle increment Δθ, which can be obtained by solving the following objective function through the optimization algorithm:

[0177] minimize∑ (x,y)∈M (V m (x,y,θ+Δθ)-V d (x,y) 2 ;

[0178] Wherein, M is a set of potential detection points in the controllable electromigration zone. In this way, the inclination angle of the sacrificial anode 302 is finely adjusted by using the hydraulic adjustment device, so that the potential distribution in the controllable electromigration zone is closer to the desired protection potential distribution, thereby improving the cathodic protection effect;

[0179] S503: Adjust parameter records;

[0180] During the adjustment process, the potential change is continuously monitored. When the potential difference reaches the set protection potential range and the potential distribution is uniform, the adjustment is stopped. At the same time, the position and angle of the sacrificial anode 302 after adjustment are reconfirmed and recorded to ensure its stability and effectiveness in the subsequent operation process.

[0181] S504: Regular maintenance;

[0182] During the operation of the entire cathodic protection system, the state of the sacrificial anode 302 is regularly checked and the potential is measured. If the potential is abnormal or the protection effect is reduced due to changes in soil conditions, the angle and position of the sacrificial anode 302 must be re-evaluated and adjusted in time to ensure that the protected pipeline 1 is always in a good cathodic protection state;

[0183] Through the analysis of soil conductivity data, three-dimensional modeling and simulation calculation, and optimization of the anode assembly distribution plan, the unevenness of soil conductivity, the polarization characteristics of the sacrificial anode 302, and the interface effect between the protected pipeline 1 and the soil are taken into consideration. This makes the distribution of the anode assembly more scientific and reasonable, and can maintain the protective effect under changing soil conditions, thereby extending the service life of the protected pipeline 1 and indirectly reducing the cost of pipeline maintenance and replacement.

[0184] S6: Data transmission and analysis;

[0185] After the intelligent acquisition terminal transmits all the collected data to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system, when analyzing the real-time potential data of the protected pipeline 1, the potential data in the controllable electrical migration area shall be analyzed separately. When drawing the pipeline potential distribution map using the pipeline potential distribution module, the potential contour lines or equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area shall be marked. The equation of the equipotential line with a potential value of V is assumed to be f(x, y) = 0, where x and y are plane coordinates. The equation of the equipotential line can be obtained by solving the coordinate relationship when the potential function V(x, y) is equal to V. By observing the shape, density and other information of the equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area, it is judged whether the potential distribution meets the requirements of cathodic protection. If there is a local potential anomaly in the controllable electrical migration area, such as the equipotential lines are too dense or sparse, or the potential gradient changes suddenly, it is marked as a potential problem point. Further analysis may be caused by the failure of the anode assembly, changes in soil conductivity or other factors in the controllable electrical migration area, and corresponding maintenance measures shall be taken in time.

[0186] S7: Alarm and warning;

[0187] In the alarm warning unit, when the potential abnormality or other related parameter abnormality in the controllable electrical migration area is detected, the corresponding alarm information is issued. When the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area exceeds the normal range, the abnormal potential alarm of the controllable electrical migration area is issued through a specific alarm module. The normal range of the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area is [V min ,V max ], when the calculated average potential difference satisfies or When the alarm mechanism is activated;

[0188] At the same time, the stray current pre-judgment warning module should be more sensitive to stray currents that may affect the controllable electrical migration zone. When it is detected that stray currents may cause significant interference in the controllable electrical migration zone, warning information should be issued in advance so that timely measures can be taken to prevent the stray currents from damaging the cathodic protection system and ensure the normal potential distribution and cathodic protection effect in the controllable electrical migration zone.

[0189] S8: Operation and maintenance steps;

[0190] In the operation and maintenance unit, when an alarm related to the controllable electrical migration area is received or the staff finds an abnormal situation in the controllable electrical migration area, the problem is reported through the event reporting module, and the report content includes the abnormal information of the controllable electrical migration area and the equipment information that may affect the controllable electrical migration area. The event review module reviews the reported event, and after confirming the authenticity and severity of the problem, the event processing module arranges relevant personnel to handle it according to the type and severity of the problem. After the processing is completed, the event is closed through the event closing module, and the processing results are recorded, including the repair or adjustment of the controllable electrical migration area, to ensure that the controllable electrical migration area resumes normal operation and ensure the cathodic protection effect of the protected pipeline 1;

[0191] S9: query statistics and expert analysis steps;

[0192] In the query and statistics unit, the historical data and real-time data in the controllable electrical migration area are queried and statistically analyzed, and the potential change, potential gradient distribution and other information in the controllable electrical migration area in different time periods are statistically analyzed. Combined with the protection status of the protected pipeline 1, the operation time and failure rate data of the cathodic protection instrument, more comprehensive data support is provided for the formulation of the maintenance plan of the protected pipeline 1;

[0193] In the expert analysis unit, when the data monitoring module detects abnormal data in the controllable electrical migration zone, the diagnostic analysis module conducts an in-depth analysis of the data, and determines the root cause of the problem by combining the historical data of the controllable electrical migration zone, the parameters of the anode components, and the expert knowledge of soil characteristics. If the potential gradient in the controllable electrical migration zone suddenly increases, it may be due to the anode component corrosion aggravation or the appearance of a local conductive abnormal area in the soil. The diagnostic report generation module generates a detailed diagnostic report, including a description of the problem in the controllable electrical migration zone, possible causes, and the scope of impact. The solution generation module proposes targeted solutions based on the diagnostic results, and guides maintenance personnel to repair and adjust the controllable electrical migration zone to ensure the stable operation of the cathodic protection system.

[0194] In the basic information unit, more detailed maintenance information management is performed on the test pile 6, the main body of the cathodic protection instrument, the intelligent collection terminal and other equipment, and the maintenance time, maintenance content and replacement parts information related to the potential detection of the controllable electrical migration zone are recorded to ensure the normal operation of the related detection equipment of the controllable electrical migration zone, thereby ensuring the effective monitoring of the controllable electrical migration zone and the normal operation of the cathodic protection system.

[0195] The present invention also has rich functional units. The alarm and warning unit can issue alarm information in time when detecting abnormal potential or other related parameter abnormalities in the electrical migration area. The operation and maintenance unit can report, review, process and record the problems. The query statistics unit and the expert analysis unit can conduct in-depth analysis of the data. These functions are helpful to quickly locate and diagnose faults, guide maintenance personnel to take targeted measures, reduce the time that the pipeline stops running due to faults, and improve the operation efficiency of the entire pipeline system.

[0196] The embodiments of the present invention disclose preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. A person skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system, characterized in that: The invention comprises an above-ground data acquisition component, an anti-corrosion layer (2) coated on a protected pipeline (1), a ring cloth sacrificial component (3) arranged in a ring shape with the protected pipeline (1) as the axis, a potential test piece (4) and a long-acting reference electrode (5) arranged on one side of the protected pipeline (1), a fixed pipe clamp (8) installed on the protected pipeline (1), and a cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system; The above-ground data collection component comprises a test pile (6) and an intelligent data collection device (7) installed in the test pile (6); the intelligent data collection device (7) comprises a cathodic protection instrument body and an intelligent data collection terminal; the cathodic protection instrument body and the intelligent data collection terminal are both connected to a cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system; The fixed pipe clamp (8) is in contact with and connected to the protected pipeline (1) through the anti-corrosion layer (2), and the fixed pipe clamp (8), the ring cloth sacrificial component (3), the potential test piece (4), and the long-acting reference electrode (5) are all connected to the intelligent acquisition terminal via a cable; The ring cloth sacrificial component (3) comprises a plurality of anode components and a ring wiring harness (304) connected to the plurality of anode components and connected to an intelligent data collection terminal, the plurality of anode components are arranged in a ring shape around the protected pipeline (1), and the ends of the plurality of anode components away from the ring wiring harness (304) are inclined toward the protected pipeline (1), and the plurality of anode components form a controllable electrical migration zone around the protected pipeline (1).

2. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anode assembly comprises a rotating seat (301), a sacrificial anode (302) is arranged in the rotating seat (301) for limited rotation, and a plurality of electromigration diffusion grooves (305) for directional release of electrons are equidistantly provided at the bottom of the sacrificial anode (302) away from one end of the rotating seat (301).

3. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top center of the rotating seat (301) is configured with a pin (303) for inserting and positioning in the soil, and the sacrificial anode (302) is provided with a connecting column at the center of one end facing the rotating seat (301), and the ring wiring harness (304) is electrically connected to the connecting column.

4. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fixed pipe clamp (8) comprises a pipe clamp body (801), the pipe clamp body (801) is arranged on the protected pipeline (1) and abuts against the anti-corrosion layer (2), and a through groove is opened on one side of the pipe clamp body (801), and a socket (803) is arranged in the through groove, and a rubber sheath (802) fixedly installed in the through groove is sleeved on the socket (803), and a plug (804) is inserted in the socket (803), and the plug (804) is electrically connected to the intelligent data collection terminal through a wire.

5. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The indirect protection intelligent digital analysis system includes an information overview unit, a real-time monitoring unit, a map management unit, an alarm warning unit, an operation and maintenance unit, a query and statistics unit, an expert analysis unit, and a basic information unit; The information overview unit includes an overall overview of cathodic protection, a cathodic protection status display module, a cathodic protection instrument information display module, an online rate display module for each plant equipment, a fault statistics module, and an alarm information display module; The real-time monitoring unit includes a test pile monitoring module, a cathodic protection instrument monitoring module, and a pipeline potential distribution module; The map management unit includes a test pile positioning module and a cathodic protection instrument positioning module; The alarm warning unit includes a test pile alarm module, a cathodic protection instrument alarm module, an anode block alarm module, a test pile potential alarm module, and a stray current prejudgment alarm module.

6. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The operation and maintenance unit comprises an event reporting module, an event review module, an event processing module, and an event closing module, and the event reporting module, event review module, event processing module, and event closing module are connected in sequence.

7. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The query statistics unit includes a pipeline potential distribution module, a natural potential distribution module, a protection situation statistics module, a terminal situation statistics module, and a cathodic protection instrument operation situation statistics module.

8. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expert analysis unit includes a data monitoring module, a diagnosis analysis module, a diagnosis report generation module, and a solution generation module, and the data monitoring module, the diagnosis analysis module, the diagnosis report generation module, and the solution generation module are connected in sequence.

9. The pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The basic information unit includes a test pile maintenance module, a cathodic protection instrument maintenance module, a collection terminal maintenance module, and a flow card maintenance module.

10. A pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring method, which is used in a pipeline cathodic protection online monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Pretreatment of protected pipeline (1); The surface of the protected pipe (1) is cleaned and rust-removed, and then the anti-corrosion layer (2) is coated. After the coating process is completed, the anti-corrosion layer (2) is polished on the surface of the protected pipe (1) to clean out a circular window, and then the pipe clamp body (801) is arranged on the circular window, so that the socket (803) is connected to the protected pipe (1) through the circular window, and then the cable connected to the intelligent collection terminal is connected to the plug (804), and then the plug (804) is inserted into the socket (803), so as to complete the connection between the protected pipe (1) and the intelligent collection terminal; S2: soil conductivity data analysis; S201: Sampling grid establishment; A sampling grid is established within the laying area of ​​the protected pipeline (1). The grid density is determined according to the length and diameter of the protected pipeline (1) and the geological complexity of the area, ensuring that the sampling points can fully cover the areas around the protected pipeline (1) that may affect the cathodic protection. The calculation formula for the number of sampling points N is: N = ω × L × D × O; Wherein, ω is the proportionality coefficient, L is the length of the protected pipeline (1), D is the diameter of the protected pipeline (1), and O is the geological complexity coefficient; S202: Resistivity measurement; Use a high-precision soil resistivity tester to measure the resistivity of multiple layers at each sampling point. At the same time, collect soil samples from each sampling point and use professional laboratory analysis equipment to analyze the composition of the soil, including mineral content, pH, organic matter content, moisture, and porosity parameters. Use the Wenner method for soil resistivity measurement: ρ=2πaR; Where ρ is soil resistivity, a is the electrode spacing, and R is the measured resistance value; S203: Quantitative relationship model; Based on the collected data, the clustering algorithm in machine learning is used to establish a quantitative relationship model between soil conductivity and various influencing factors. The model reflects the changes in soil conductivity at different locations and depths to predict the changing trend of soil conductivity under different environmental conditions. The K-means clustering algorithm is used to minimize the objective function: Where k is the number of clusters, C i is the i-th cluster, x is the data point, μ i is the center of the i-th cluster; S3: 3D modeling and simulation computing; S301: Three-dimensional model of soil conductivity; Based on the measured soil conductivity data and influencing factor data, a three-dimensional soil conductivity model with high-precision resolution is created to accurately depict the spatial distribution details of soil conductivity around the protected pipeline (1); S302: Parametric modeling; In the three-dimensional model, the protected pipeline (1) and its surrounding environment, including other underground facilities and terrain undulations, are modeled in detail. At the same time, the anode assembly in the ring-shaped sacrificial assembly (3) is modeled parametrically, including the shape, size, material properties, and electrical properties of the anode. The electrical properties of the parametrically modeled anode assembly can be expressed by the polarization curve equation of the anode: Where I is the current, I0 is the exchange current density, α is the transfer coefficient, n is the number of reaction electrons, F is the Faraday constant, η is the overpotential, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature; When parameterizing the anode assembly in the ring-shaped sacrificial assembly (3), in addition to considering the shape, size, material properties, and electrical performance of the anode assembly, it is also necessary to consider the controllable electrical migration zone formed between the anode assembly and the protected pipeline (1) after the anode assembly is distributed in a ring. The ring radius of the anode assembly is R a , the radius of the protected pipeline (1) is R p , then the width of the controllable electromigration region γ=R a -R p ; The electric field strength E in the controllable electromigration region can be analyzed according to Coulomb's law and the principle of electric field superposition. Assuming that the surface charge density of the anode assembly is σ, at a distance r (R a <r<R p ) can be calculated by the following formula (approximation for infinite length cylindrical model): Where λ is the charge per unit length, ∈0 is the vacuum dielectric constant, and the relationship between the charge λ and the surface charge density σ of the anode assembly is: λ=2πR a σ; S303: numerical simulation calculation; The propagation path of the cathodic protection current in the soil and the protected pipeline (1), the current density distribution and the potential distribution on the surface of the protected pipeline (1) are simulated in a three-dimensional model by using a numerical simulation calculation method under different anode component distribution conditions. The non-uniformity of soil conductivity, the polarization characteristics of the sacrificial anode (302) and the interface effect factors between the protected pipeline (1) and the soil are considered in the simulation calculation process to obtain more accurate simulation results. In the controllable electrical migration area, the current density X is related to the electric field strength E and the conductivity σ m (Conductivity of the medium in the migration zone) satisfies Ohm's law X = σ m E; Assume that the cathodic protection current is I y , in the controlled electromigration zone between the annular anode assembly and the protected pipeline (1), the current density distribution can be calculated by the following formula: Where r is the distance from the center of the anode assembly (R a <r<R p ), δ is the width of the controllable electromigration region; S304: Optimization of anode assembly distribution scheme; By comparing and analyzing the simulation calculation results of different anode assembly distribution schemes, the optimal anode assembly distribution scheme is determined by comprehensively considering the protection effect, cost-effectiveness, and service life of the sacrificial anode (302). In areas where the soil conductivity is low and the current demand is large, the number and density of anode assemblies are increased, and in areas where the conductivity is high and relatively stable, the number of anode assemblies is appropriately reduced, and the uniformity of the protection potential is ensured, and the cost-effectiveness evaluation is used to express it; Among them, C eff is the cost-effectiveness coefficient, C total is the total cost of anode assembly installation and maintenance, P eff is the protection effect, which is quantified by the protection potential coverage and the potential uniformity index of the protected pipeline (1) surface, and T is the expected service life of the sacrificial anode (302); S305: generating an installation guide map and coordinate information; According to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, a detailed installation guide map and coordinate information are generated to guide on-site construction personnel to accurately install the anode assemblies. The installation guide map clearly defines the position coordinates, installation depth, inclination angle of each anode assembly, and the relative position relationship between the adjacent anode assemblies and the protected pipeline (1). The coordinate transformation algorithm is used to transform the anode assembly position coordinates in the design plan from the design coordinate system to the on-site construction coordinate system. The coordinates in the design coordinate system are assumed to be (x d ,y d ,z d ), the coordinates in the on-site construction coordinate system are (x c ,y c ,z c ), through the coordinate transformation matrix T containing translation and rotation parameters, satisfying: S4: Installation and adjustment of sacrificial anode (302); S401: Installation and positioning; When determining the installation position of the sacrificial anode (302) according to the optimized anode assembly distribution plan, the position of the controllable electrical migration zone should be considered. The installation position of the sacrificial anode (302) should ensure that it can form a suitable controllable electrical migration zone with the protected pipeline (1) under the annular distribution. When the total station is used for accurate positioning on site, it is necessary to ensure that the installation coordinates of the anode assembly meet the design requirements of the controllable electrical migration zone. At the same time, the bottom of the pit is leveled to ensure that the sacrificial anode (302) has good contact with the soil after installation. The coordinates measured by the total station are (x t ,y t ,z t ), the design installation position coordinates are (x d ,y d ,z d ), deviation Δx = x t -x d , Δy=y t -y d , Δz=z t -z d , the deviation control requirements meet: Among them, ∈ is the preset deviation range value; S402: sacrificial anode (302) installation; The sacrificial anode (302) is installed in the pit through the nail (303), and the length and diameter of the nail (303) are designed according to the mechanical properties of the soil and the weight of the sacrificial anode (302) to ensure that the sacrificial anode (302) can be stably fixed in the soil during long-term use, and to ensure that there is sufficient friction and anchoring force between the nail (303) and the soil; S403: fine-tuning the sacrificial anode (302); After the sacrificial anode (302) is installed in place, a preliminary angle adjustment is performed on it to adjust the sacrificial anode (302) to a predetermined angle. At the same time, the fit between the sacrificial anode (302) and the surrounding soil is checked. If there is a gap, it is filled with a filling material with similar properties to the surrounding soil to ensure good electrical contact. Assuming that the angle of the sacrificial anode after adjustment is θ, the distance between it and the protected pipeline (1) and the electric field distribution will change with the change of the angle. In the controllable electrical migration area, the electric field strength and potential distribution are functions of the angle θ. For a specific potential measurement point, its potential V p (θ) can be calculated by the following formula: Wherein, r1(θ) and r2(θ) are the distance ranges of the potential measurement point p relative to the sacrificial anode (302) at the angle θ, and the potential change is monitored by the potential test piece (4), and the angle of the sacrificial anode (302) is adjusted so that the potential distribution in the controllable electrical migration zone meets the requirements of the cathode protection, thereby ensuring good electrical contact and protection effect; S5: fine-tuning based on test data; S501: Establishing connection with the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system; After the initial installation and adjustment are completed, the long-term reference electrode (5) and the potential test strip (4) are installed in sequence, and then connected to the intelligent acquisition terminal via a cable, and then the long-term reference electrode (5) and the potential test strip (4) are started to perform real-time detection. First, the initial potential difference between the protected pipeline (1) and the soil and the potential gradient around the sacrificial anode (302) are measured, and the measurement data are transmitted to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system through the intelligent acquisition terminal; S502: fine adjustment of the sacrificial anode (302); The cathode protection intelligent digital analysis system calculates the angle increment that needs to be adjusted for the sacrificial anode (302) by an intelligent algorithm based on the potential data received in the controllable electrical migration zone, combined with the three-dimensional soil conductivity model and the pre-set protection potential range, and assumes that the desired potential distribution function is V d (x,y) (within the controllable electromigration region), the potential distribution function actually measured is V m (x, y), then adjust the angle increment Δθ, which can be obtained by solving the following objective function through the optimization algorithm: minimize∑ (x,y)∈M (V m (x,y,θ+Δθ)-V d (x,y)) 2 ; Wherein, M is a set of potential detection points in the controllable electromigration zone, and in this way, the inclination angle of the sacrificial anode (302) is finely adjusted by using a hydraulic adjustment device, so that the potential distribution in the controllable electromigration zone is closer to the desired protection potential distribution, thereby improving the cathode protection effect; S503: Adjust parameter records; During the adjustment process, the potential change is continuously monitored. When the potential difference reaches within the set protection potential range and the potential distribution is uniform, the adjustment is stopped, and the position and angle of the sacrificial anode (302) after adjustment are reconfirmed and recorded to ensure its stability and effectiveness in subsequent operation; S504: Regular maintenance; During the operation of the entire cathodic protection system, the state of the sacrificial anode (302) is regularly checked and the potential is measured. If an abnormal potential is found or the protection effect is reduced due to changes in soil conditions, the angle and position of the sacrificial anode (302) must be re-evaluated and adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that the protected pipeline (1) is always in a good cathodic protection state; S6: Data transmission and analysis; After the intelligent data collection terminal transmits all the collected data to the cathodic protection intelligent digital analysis system, when analyzing the real-time potential data of the protected pipeline (1), the potential data in the controllable electrical migration area shall be analyzed separately. When the pipeline potential distribution module is used to draw the pipeline potential distribution map, the potential contour lines or equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area shall be marked. The equation of the equipotential line with a potential value of V is assumed to be f(x, y) = 0 (where x and y are plane coordinates). The equation of the equipotential line can be obtained by solving the coordinate relationship when the potential function V(x, y) is equal to V. By observing the shape, density and other information of the equipotential lines in the controllable electrical migration area, it is judged whether the potential distribution meets the requirements of cathodic protection. If there is a local potential anomaly in the controllable electrical migration area, such as the equipotential lines are too dense or sparse, or the potential gradient changes suddenly, it is marked as a potential problem point. Further analysis may be performed on the abnormality of the controllable electrical migration area caused by anode component failure, soil conductivity change or other factors, and corresponding maintenance measures shall be taken in time. S7: Alarm and warning; In the alarm warning unit, when the potential abnormality or other related parameter abnormality in the controllable electrical migration area is detected, the corresponding alarm information is issued. When the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area exceeds the normal range, the abnormal potential alarm of the controllable electrical migration area is issued through a specific alarm module. The normal range of the average potential difference in the controllable electrical migration area is [V min ,V max ], when the calculated average potential difference satisfies or When the alarm mechanism is activated; At the same time, the stray current pre-judgment warning module should be more sensitive to stray currents that may affect the controllable electrical migration zone. When it is detected that stray currents may cause significant interference in the controllable electrical migration zone, warning information should be issued in advance so that timely measures can be taken to prevent the stray currents from damaging the cathodic protection system and ensure the normal potential distribution and cathodic protection effect in the controllable electrical migration zone. S8: Operation and maintenance steps; In the operation and maintenance unit, when an alarm related to the controllable electrical migration area is received or a staff member discovers an abnormality in the controllable electrical migration area, the problem is reported through the event reporting module, and the report content includes abnormal information of the controllable electrical migration area and equipment information that may affect the controllable electrical migration area. The event review module reviews the reported event, and after confirming the authenticity and severity of the problem, the event processing module arranges relevant personnel to handle it according to the type and severity of the problem. After the processing is completed, the event is closed through the event closing module, and the processing results are recorded, including the repair or adjustment of the controllable electrical migration area, to ensure that the controllable electrical migration area resumes normal operation and ensure the cathodic protection effect of the protected pipeline (1); S9: query statistics and expert analysis steps; In the query and statistics unit, historical data and real-time data in the controllable electrical migration area are queried and statistically analyzed, and information such as potential changes and potential gradient distribution in the controllable electrical migration area in different time periods are statistically analyzed. Combined with the protection status of the protected pipeline (1), the operating time of the cathodic protection instrument and the failure rate data, more comprehensive data support is provided for the formulation of the maintenance plan of the protected pipeline (1); In the expert analysis unit, when the data monitoring module detects abnormal data in the controllable electrical migration zone, the diagnostic analysis module conducts an in-depth analysis of the data, and determines the root cause of the problem by combining the historical data of the controllable electrical migration zone, the parameters of the anode components, and the expert knowledge of soil characteristics. If the potential gradient in the controllable electrical migration zone suddenly increases, it may be due to the anode component corrosion aggravation or the appearance of a local conductive abnormal area in the soil. The diagnostic report generation module generates a detailed diagnostic report, including a description of the problem in the controllable electrical migration zone, possible causes, and the scope of impact. The solution generation module proposes targeted solutions based on the diagnostic results, and guides maintenance personnel to repair and adjust the controllable electrical migration zone to ensure the stable operation of the cathodic protection system. In the basic information unit, more detailed maintenance information management is performed on the test pile (6), the main body of the cathodic protection instrument, the intelligent acquisition terminal and other equipment, and the maintenance time, maintenance content and replacement parts information related to the potential detection of the controllable electrical migration zone are recorded to ensure the normal operation of the related detection equipment of the controllable electrical migration zone, thereby ensuring the effective monitoring of the controllable electrical migration zone and the normal operation of the cathodic protection system.

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