Harvester and method for digging potatoes under sticky and wet soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a harvester and method for digging potatoes under sticky and wet soil. The harvester comprises a rack, and a digging shovel, a soil screening and lifting mechanism and a collecting box are installed on the rack; the soil screening and lifting mechanism is arranged in a front-low and rear-high mode and comprises two sets of chains and further comprises a transversely-arranged part transversely arranged between the two sets of chains. Each transverse part comprises two supporting shaft ends, and a plurality of rod strips distributed in a circumferential array mode are arranged between the two supporting shaft ends; each supporting shaft end is connected with a chain link on the chain on the side where the supporting shaft end is located, and the supporting shaft ends can rotate relative to the chain links connected with the supporting shaft ends; a gear is fixed to the end, corresponding to one supporting shaft, of each transversely-arranged part. The soil screening and lifting mechanism further comprises a fixing plate fixed relative to the rack, the fixing plate is located on the outer side of one set of chains, a circle of tooth parts are arranged on the periphery of the fixing plate, and the gear is meshed with the multiple tooth parts on the fixing plate. According to the potato harvester, sticky and wet soil on the surfaces of potatoes can be effectively cleaned in the harvesting process, operation continuity is guaranteed, and frequent cleaning is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potato harvesting machinery, in particular to a potato digging and harvesting machine and method under sticky and wet soil. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's important food crops, mechanized harvesting of potatoes plays an irreplaceable role in improving agricultural production efficiency, reducing labor costs, ensuring the quality of agricultural products and promoting the process of agricultural modernization. Efficient potato harvesters can significantly increase operating speed and achieve rapid conversion from field to market, which is of great significance to increasing farmers' income.

[0003] In the prior art, patent CN101107903A discloses a typical potato harvester, which includes a digging shovel and a rod chain mechanism with a low front and a high rear. The digging shovel scoops potatoes out of the soil, and the potato-soil mixture is transported successively under the conveyance of the rod chain mechanism, and the soil in the potato-soil mixture is screened out at the same time. This machine is suitable for harvesting operations in a relatively dry soil environment. If there is continuous heavy rain and the soil becomes sticky, the soil adheres to the surface of the potato and is extremely difficult to remove. In addition, the sticky soil has poor fluidity and will be blocked between the digging shovel and the potato. Obviously, the above-mentioned prior art machine is difficult to operate under such working conditions.

[0004] In the prior art, patent CN110367555A provides an air-blowing cleaning device for agricultural potato harvesting, which cleans the surface of the potato by means of a cleaning roller with bristles, a sponge, and an air-blowing mechanism. However, for potatoes with a lot of sticky soil adhering to them, this structure will cause the cleaning roller to be quickly filled with the sticky soil, resulting in a decrease in the cleaning ability. The sponge will also be quickly filled with soil, making it difficult to sustain the cleaning effect, requiring frequent shutdowns for maintenance, and resulting in poor operation continuity. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a potato digging harvester and method under sticky soil that can effectively clean the sticky soil on the surface of potatoes during the harvesting process, ensure operation continuity, and avoid frequent cleaning.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the potato digging and harvesting machine under sticky and wet soil of the present invention comprises a frame, on which a digging shovel, a soil screening and lifting mechanism and a collecting box are installed; the soil screening and lifting mechanism is arranged with a low front and a high rear, and comprises two groups of chains, and also comprises a transverse part transversely arranged between the two groups of the chains;

[0007] Each of the transverse portions comprises two supporting shaft ends, and a plurality of rods arranged in a circumferential array are provided between the two supporting shaft ends; each of the supporting shaft ends is respectively connected to a link on the chain on the side thereof, and the supporting shaft end can rotate relative to the link connected thereto;

[0008] A gear is fixed on one of the supporting shaft ends corresponding to each of the transverse parts; the soil screening and lifting mechanism also includes a fixed plate fixed relative to the frame, the fixed plate is located on the outside of one group of the chains, and the outer periphery of the fixed plate has a circle of teeth, and the gear is meshed with several of the teeth on the fixed plate.

[0009] During the process of digging and harvesting potatoes, the transverse part located in the upper half of the chain is in operation, and the transverse part located in the lower half of the chain is in idle state. When the transverse part of the lower half of the chain rotates, the soil can be fully shaken out to shake out the sticky and wet soil inside. Preferably, the center of the circumferential array of the bars in the transverse part does not coincide with the axis of the supporting shaft end, so that the potatoes can be promoted to rotate in the soil screening and lifting mechanism to fully scrape off the sticky and wet soil on their surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the connection position between the excavating shovel and the soil screening and lifting mechanism has an auxiliary wheel for assisting the potato-soil mixture to enter the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism, and the auxiliary wheel can actively rotate relative to the frame.

[0011] Specifically, a plurality of rod groups arranged in a circular array are installed on the auxiliary wheel; a first comb tooth portion is fixed to the rear side of the excavating shovel, and a second comb tooth portion is fixed to the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism; the tooth rods in the first comb tooth portion extend rearward vertically along the first comb tooth portion, and the tooth rods in the second comb tooth portion are arranged with the front being higher and the rear being lower; when the auxiliary wheel rotates, the rod group thereon can intersect with the first comb tooth portion and the second comb tooth portion, so that the rod group can lift the potato-soil mixture on the first comb tooth portion and drop it onto the second comb tooth portion.

[0012] The auxiliary wheels can help the potato-soil mixture with poor fluidity to reach the soil screening and lifting mechanism, preventing the potato-soil mixture from gathering in front of the machine and causing it to gather more and more. The first comb tooth part, the second comb tooth part and the rod group cooperate to transfer the potato-soil mixture and split the sticky soil that has been wetted to a certain extent, so as to facilitate subsequent screening.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple digging shovels, all of which are mounted on a transverse frame, and both ends of the transverse frame are fixed to the frame. The first comb tooth portion is fixed to the rear side of the transverse frame.

[0014] Furthermore, a clamping wheel mechanism is installed at the rear side of the soil screening and lifting mechanism, and the clamping wheel mechanism includes two clamping wheels abutting against each other, and the two clamping wheels rotate in opposite directions at the same speed; when the chain is running, each of the transverse parts passes through the clamping wheel mechanism in sequence. A auger mechanism with a V-shaped groove placed at the bottom of the V-shaped groove is also installed inside the soil screening and lifting mechanism.

[0015] By setting up a clamping wheel mechanism, when each transverse part passes through the clamping wheel mechanism, the exposed long impurities carried by it are more likely to be clamped by the clamping wheel, so that the long impurities can be drawn out from the transverse part, preventing the long impurities from being placed in the transverse part and causing the transverse part to be easily blocked by soil. The impurities drawn out by the clamping wheel mechanism are discharged from the other side and fall into the V-shaped groove, and are discharged from the side of the machine after being transported by the auger mechanism.

[0016] Furthermore, a support seat is fixed on the chain link of the chain, and the support shaft end is rotatably connected relative to the support seat.

[0017] A method for digging and harvesting potatoes in sticky and wet soil, which is based on the above-mentioned potato digging and harvesting machine in sticky and wet soil; the method comprises:

[0018] The frame moves in the potato planting field under the traction of a tractor;

[0019] During the movement of the frame, the sprocket corresponding to the chain actively rotates, so that all the horizontal parts included in the soil screening and lifting mechanism actively rotate; the sprocket corresponding to the chain can be connected to a driving element such as a motor or a hydraulic motor, or can be connected to a PTO output shaft of a tractor through a transmission mechanism;

[0020] The end of the digging shovel goes deep into the soil to dig out the potatoes. As the frame moves forward, the mixture of potatoes and soil reaches the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism. The soil screening and lifting mechanism cleans the mixture of potatoes and soil, removes the sticky soil therein, and transports the potatoes backward and upward until the potatoes are put into the collection box.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The potato digging and harvesting machine and method under sticky and wet soil of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) By providing gears and a fixed plate, the chain operation can enable the transverse part to actively rotate relative to the chain links. In addition, by configuring the transverse part to be a hollow structure including a plurality of rods, the soil and other impurities in the potato-soil mixture dug up by the digging shovel can be fully scraped off by the actively rotating rods on the soil screening and lifting mechanism, thereby effectively removing the sticky and wet soil adhering to the surface of the potatoes. Furthermore, since the transverse part is a hollow structure, the soil that enters it will leak out from the other side, and it is not easy to be blocked by soil, which will not affect continuous use.

[0023] (2) Auxiliary wheels can be provided to help the potato-soil mixture with poor fluidity reach the soil screening and lifting mechanism, thereby preventing the potato-soil mixture from gathering in front of the machine and causing it to accumulate more and more.

[0024] (3) By setting up a clamping wheel mechanism, when each transverse portion passes through the clamping wheel mechanism, the exposed long strips of impurities carried by it are likely to be clamped by the clamping wheel. In this way, the long strips of impurities can be drawn out of the transverse portion, preventing the long strips of impurities from being placed in the transverse portion and causing the transverse portion to be easily blocked by soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The cross-sectional structural diagram of a potato digging and harvesting machine under sticky and wet soil;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a combined structural diagram of the chain and the transverse part;

[0027] Figure 3 It is the coordination structure diagram between the fixed plate and the soil screening and lifting mechanism;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the connection between the excavating shovel and the soil screening and lifting mechanism;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a combined structural diagram of the soil screening and lifting mechanism and the anti-rolling mechanism in the preferred embodiment.

[0030] In the figure: 1-excavating shovel; 2-soil screening and lifting mechanism; 21-chain; 22-transverse part; 22a-supporting shaft end; 22b-rod; 23-gear; 3-fixed plate; 31-tooth part; 4-auxiliary wheel; 41-rod group; 5-first comb tooth part; 6-second comb tooth part; 7-transverse frame; 8-clamping wheel mechanism; 81-clamping wheel; 91-V-shaped groove; 92-auger mechanism; 10-frame; 20-collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 The potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil shown in the figure comprises a frame 10, on which are mounted a digging shovel 1, a soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, and a collecting box 20; the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 is arranged with a low front and a high rear, and comprises two groups of chains 21, and also comprises a transverse portion 22 transversely arranged between the two groups of chains 21;

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, each of the transverse portions 22 includes two supporting shaft ends 22a, and a plurality of rods 22b arranged in a circumferential array are provided between the two supporting shaft ends 22a; each of the supporting shaft ends 22a is respectively connected to a link on the chain 21 on the side thereof, and the supporting shaft end 22a can rotate relative to the link connected thereto;

[0034] A gear 23 is fixed to one of the supporting shaft ends 22a of each of the transverse portions 22; the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 also includes a fixing plate 3 fixed relative to the frame 10, and the fixing plate 3 is located on the outside of one group of the chains 21, such as Figure 3 As shown, the outer periphery of the fixing plate 3 has a circle of teeth 31 , and the gear 23 is meshed with a plurality of the teeth 31 on the fixing plate 3 .

[0035] By adopting the above structure, by setting the gear 23 and the fixed plate 3, the operation of the chain 21 can enable the transverse part 22 to actively rotate relative to the chain link. In addition, by setting the transverse part 22 as a hollow structure including a plurality of rods 22b, the soil and other impurities in the potato-soil mixture dug up by the digging shovel 1 can be fully scraped off by the actively rotating rods 22b on the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, which can effectively remove the sticky soil adhering to the surface of the potato. Moreover, since the transverse part 22 is a hollow structure, the soil entering it will leak out from the other side, and it is not easy to be blocked by soil, which will not affect continuous use.

[0036] During the process of digging and harvesting potatoes, the transverse part 22 located in the upper half of the chain 21 is in operation, and the transverse part 22 located in the lower half of the chain 21 is in idle state. The transverse part 22 in the lower half of the chain 21 can fully shake the soil when rotating to shake out the sticky and wet soil inside. Preferably, the center of the circumferential array of the bars 22b in the transverse part 22 does not coincide with the axis of the support shaft end 22a, so that the potatoes can be promoted to rotate in the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 to fully scrape off the sticky and wet soil on the surface.

[0037] Preferably, the connection position between the excavating shovel 1 and the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 has an auxiliary wheel 4 for assisting the potato-soil mixture to enter the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, and the auxiliary wheel 4 can actively rotate relative to the frame 10.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary wheel 4 is equipped with multiple rod groups 41 arranged in a circular array; a first comb tooth portion 5 is fixed to the rear side of the excavating shovel 1, and a second comb tooth portion 6 is fixed to the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2; the tooth rods in the first comb tooth portion 5 extend backward vertically along the first comb tooth portion 5, and the tooth rods in the second comb tooth portion 6 are arranged with the front higher and the rear lower; when the auxiliary wheel 4 rotates, the rod group 41 thereon can intersect with the first comb tooth portion 5 and the second comb tooth portion 6, so that the rod group 41 can lift the potato-soil mixture on the first comb tooth portion 5 and drop it onto the second comb tooth portion 6.

[0039] The auxiliary wheels 4 can help the potato-soil mixture with poor fluidity to reach the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, preventing the potato-soil mixture from gathering in front of the machine and causing it to gather more and more. The first comb tooth portion 5, the second comb tooth portion 6 and the rod group 41 cooperate to transfer the potato-soil mixture and split the sticky soil that has been wetted to a certain extent, so as to facilitate subsequent screening.

[0040] Preferably, there are multiple excavating shovels 1, all of which are mounted on a transverse frame 7, and both ends of the transverse frame 7 are fixed to the frame 10. The first comb tooth portion 5 is fixed to the rear side of the transverse frame 7.

[0041] Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, a clamping wheel mechanism 8 is installed at the rear side of the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, and the clamping wheel mechanism 8 includes two clamping wheels 81 that abut against each other, and the two clamping wheels 81 rotate in opposite directions at the same speed; when the chain 21 is running, each of the transverse portions 22 passes through the clamping wheel mechanism 8 in sequence. A churning dragon mechanism 92 with a V-shaped groove 91 placed at the bottom of the V-shaped groove 91 is also installed inside the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2.

[0042] By providing the clamping wheel mechanism 8, when each transverse portion 22 passes through the clamping wheel mechanism 8, the exposed long strip impurities carried by it are likely to be clamped by the clamping wheel 81, so that the long strip impurities can be extracted from the transverse portion 22, preventing the long strip impurities from being placed in the transverse portion 22 and causing the transverse portion 22 to be easily blocked by soil. The impurities extracted by the clamping wheel mechanism 8 are discharged from the other side thereof and fall into the V-shaped groove 91, and are discharged from the side of the machine after being transported by the auger mechanism 92.

[0043] Preferably, a support seat is fixed on the link of the chain 21, and the support shaft end 22a is rotatably connected relative to the support seat.

[0044] Preferably, if Figure 5 As shown, the frame 10 is also equipped with an anti-rolling mechanism 30 placed above the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2, and the anti-rolling mechanism 30 includes a circulation unit 301 and a partition 302 equidistantly fixed on the circulation unit 301. The lower half of the circulation unit 301 is parallel to the upper half of the chain 21, and both are arranged in an inclined manner with the front lower and the rear higher. In this way, the partition 302 divides the potato-soil mixture transported on the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 into multiple sections, which can prevent potatoes from rolling down.

[0045] A method for digging and harvesting potatoes in sticky and wet soil, which is based on the above-mentioned potato digging and harvesting machine in sticky and wet soil; the method comprises:

[0046] The frame 10 moves in the potato planting field under the traction of a tractor;

[0047] During the movement of the frame 10, the sprocket corresponding to the chain 21 actively rotates, so that all the horizontal parts 22 included in the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 actively rotate; the sprocket corresponding to the chain 21 can be connected to a driving element such as a motor or a hydraulic motor, or can be connected to a PTO output shaft of a tractor through a transmission mechanism;

[0048] The end of the digging shovel 1 goes deep into the soil to dig out the potatoes. As the frame 10 moves forward, the mixture of potatoes and soil reaches the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism 2. The soil screening and lifting mechanism 2 cleans the mixture of potatoes and soil, removes the sticky soil therein, and transports the potatoes backward and upward until the potatoes are put into the collection box 20.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil, comprising a frame (10), on which are mounted a digging shovel (1), a soil screening and lifting mechanism (2), and a collecting box (20); the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2) is arranged with the front lower and the rear higher, and comprises two groups of chains (21), and also comprises a transverse portion (22) transversely arranged between the two groups of chains (21); the characteristics are: Each of the transverse portions (22) comprises two supporting shaft ends (22a), and a plurality of rods (22b) arranged in a circumferential array are provided between the two supporting shaft ends (22a); each of the supporting shaft ends (22a) is respectively connected to a link on the chain (21) on the side thereof, and the supporting shaft end (22a) is capable of rotating relative to the link to which it is connected; A gear (23) is fixed on one of the supporting shaft ends (22a) corresponding to each of the transverse portions (22); the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2) further comprises a fixing plate (3) fixed relative to the frame (10), the fixing plate (3) being located on the outside of one group of the chains (21), and the outer periphery of the fixing plate (3) having a circle of teeth (31), the gear (23) being meshed with a plurality of the teeth (31) on the fixing plate (3).

2. The potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection position between the excavating shovel (1) and the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2) is provided with an auxiliary wheel (4) for assisting the potato-soil mixture to enter the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2); the auxiliary wheel (4) can actively rotate relative to the frame (10).

3. The potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple excavating shovels (1), and all the excavating shovels (1) are mounted on a transverse frame (7). Both ends of the transverse frame (7) are fixed on the machine frame (10).

4. The potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping wheel mechanism (8) is installed at the rear side of the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2), and the clamping wheel mechanism (8) comprises two clamping wheels (81) abutting against each other, and the two clamping wheels (81) rotate in opposite directions at the same speed; when the chain (21) is running, each of the transverse parts (22) passes through the clamping wheel mechanism (8) in sequence.

5. The potato digging and harvesting machine for wet soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support seat is fixed on the chain link of the chain (21), and the support shaft end (22a) is rotatably connected relative to the support seat.

6. A method for digging and harvesting potatoes in sticky and wet soil, which is based on the potato digging and harvesting machine in sticky and wet soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5; characterized in that: Methods include: The frame (10) moves in a potato planting field under the traction of a tractor; During the movement of the frame (10), the sprocket corresponding to the chain (21) actively rotates, so that all the transverse parts (22) included in the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2) actively rotate; The end of the digging shovel (1) penetrates deep into the soil to dig out the potatoes. As the frame (10) moves forward, the mixture of potatoes and soil is dug out and reaches the front end of the soil screening and lifting mechanism (2). The soil screening and lifting mechanism (2) cleans the mixture of potatoes and soil to remove the sticky soil therein while transporting the potatoes backward and upward until the potatoes are put into the collection box (20).

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