Method for improving bud grafting survival rate of petasites tatewakianus

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the bud grafting survival rate of palmaria palmata, and belongs to the technical field of palmaria palmata grafting. The grafting method comprises the following steps: (1) stock selection: selecting palmaria palmata which is low in fruiting rate and oil content and is more than three years as a stock; (2) scion selection: selecting an annual branch of palmata pedunculata with excellent characters and stable yield of more than two years as a scion; (3) grafting: cutting bud pieces on the scions for later use; and cutting a cut with the same size as the bud slice on the stock to reach the phloem, taking out the cut, embedding the bud slice into the cut of the stock, and binding tightly. The method solves the problem of low survival rate of current palmaria palmata grafting propagation, and improves the economic benefits of economic forests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of palm tree grafting, and in particular to a method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting. Background Art

[0002] Handeliodendronbodinieri (H.Lév.) Rehder belongs to the genus Handeliodendron in the Sapindaceae family. It is the only species in the genus and is a unique relict plant found on the limestone mountains bordering Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guizhou Province in my country. Unlike the pinnate leaves of other plants in the Sapindaceae family, it has palmately compound leaves. Its systematic position is between the Sapindaceae and the Aesculus family, which is of great value for studying the systematic development of the Sapindaceae family. The seeds of Handeliodendronbodinieri have a high oil content, with the kernel containing 52.6% oil. Among the fatty acids, oleic acid accounts for 26.9%, linoleic acid accounts for 6.1%, arachidic acid accounts for 15.5%, and erucic acid accounts for 33.9%. The oil is clear and fragrant. It can be eaten and used as industrial oil, and has high economic value.

[0003] Because the natural regeneration of palm leaf wood is extremely difficult, the current artificial propagation of palm leaf wood mainly adopts seed or cutting propagation, the emergence rate of seed propagation is about 60%, and the rooting rate of cutting propagation is low, generally only about 20%, and it is difficult to produce fibrous roots. In addition, the fruiting rate and oil yield of each palm leaf wood are different. If sowing propagation is adopted, the variation rate of seedlings is large, and it is difficult to maintain the yield stably. The palm leaf wood adopting cutting propagation needs to be propagated for many years to reach the fruiting period before the yield of the plant can be judged. For economic forest, it is not practical to adopt the above two methods to propagate. Therefore, in order to improve the economic value of palm leaf wood economic forest, ensure the yield and improve the economic benefit, adopting the grafting method to maintain the excellent properties of palm leaf wood belongs to the preferred solution. However, in the grafting process of palm leaf wood at present, the bud point is extremely difficult to be removed from the scion, and the success rate of bud peeling is extremely low, which then causes the low grafting survival rate. Therefore, a method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf wood bud grafting is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the survival rate of bud grafting of Palmatum chinense, solve the current problem of low survival rate of Palmatum chinense grafting propagation, and improve the economic benefits of economic forests.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf wood bud grafting, the grafting method is as follows:

[0007] (1) Rootstock selection: Select three-year-old palm leaf seedlings with low fruiting rate as rootstocks;

[0008] (2) Scion selection: Select one-year-old branches of palm trees with excellent traits and stable yield as scions;

[0009] (3) Bud grafting: Cut a bud with a width of 1-2 cm on the scion and set it aside; cut an incision of the same size as the bud on the rootstock, deep into the phloem, take out the bud and embed it into the incision of the rootstock, and tie it tightly.

[0010] Since it takes many years to know whether the palm tree is a high-yield plant with good traits, the rootstock of the present invention needs to be selected from palm trees with poor fruiting rate and low oil content for more than three years, and the scion also needs to be selected from palm trees with good traits and a total age of no more than 8 years, which have stable production for more than two years, so as to avoid insufficient vitality of the scion due to poor tree vigor. At the same time, diseases and insect pests should be avoided when selecting rootstocks and scions.

[0011] Furthermore, the binding is done by using plastic film. After the bud pieces are placed, they are bound from top to bottom with the plastic film. When wrapping, avoid the bud eyes and the exposed buds. When wrapping, wrap tightly above the bud eyes to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0012] Furthermore, when selecting the palm-leaved wood rootstock, the thickness of the branch to be grafted is 2-3 cm; when selecting the scion, the selected scion branch has no more than 4 full buds; and the width of the bud piece is 1-2 cm.

[0013] When selecting grafted branches, you should choose main branches with a thickness of 2-3cm for grafting, and avoid the branch tops when grafting.

[0014] Furthermore, bud grafting is performed immediately after the buds on the scion are taken out, and the bud grafting time is early June to early July every year.

[0015] Experiments have found that when budding is performed on palm leaf wood, the buds taken out should be used immediately after being picked. Although the scion branches can be removed and the success rate of taking buds can be improved by wet storage or soaking in water, the survival rate of budding will be significantly reduced. In addition, in spring, when palm leaf wood just sprouts, water and nutrients have begun to go up in large quantities. Although the tree body fluid is sufficient at this time, the budding success rate is also low. This may be due to the fact that the scion development is not yet perfect, resulting in the grafted buds not sprouting. Therefore, palm leaf wood of the present invention is preferably grafted in June-July.

[0016] Further, 2-3 weeks after grafting, a small cut is made on the film wrapped around the budding site, and the film is completely removed after 1-2 weeks of continued growth;

[0017] Bud grafting management is required after bud grafting. The specific operations are as follows:

[0018] After budding, remove the seedling buds growing on the rootstock; when the grafted bud grows to ≥5cm, cut off the rootstock above the budding part, with the break 5-6cm away from the budding site.

[0019] Furthermore, after successful bud grafting, watering, topdressing and inter-row weeding are required. Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer and urea in a mass ratio of 1:0.2 for topdressing. The amount of topdressing is 50kg / mu. The topdressing time is when the new shoots grow to 12-15cm, and the watering frequency is 7-10 days / time.

[0020] Furthermore, in the grafting process, 4-5 days before bud chips are taken from the scion, a 0.1-0.2 cm long incision is made on the bark surface of the selected scion at the base of the branch away from the bud point, reaching the xylem, and a bud stripping agent is thickly applied on the incision surface, 2-3 times a day, until the day before bud chips are taken.

[0021] Since it is very difficult to remove complete buds from the palm wood during grafting, it is very easy to cause buds to remain on the branches, seriously reducing the grafting survival rate and wasting labor. Therefore, the invention uses a bud stripping agent to pre-treat the scion when removing the buds, so that the buds can be completely separated from the scion.

[0022] Furthermore, the bud stripping agent includes the following raw materials: carbomer, triethanolamine, sodium nitrophenolate, betaine, sodium chloride, and gibberellin. The preparation method of the bud stripping agent is as follows:

[0023] Sodium chloride is made into 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, carbomer is added, triethanolamine is added after dispersion and stirring, and betaine, sodium nitrophenolate and gibberellin are added again to obtain a bud stripping agent.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the carbomer, triethanolamine and sodium chloride is 1:(0.15-0.2):(0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the carbomer to sodium nitrophenolate, betaine and gibberellin is 1:(0.05-0.06):(0.1-0.15):(0.01-0.02).

[0025] When removing buds, remove the buds with buds on the scion, and the depth of the buds reaches the phloem. In order to increase the success rate of removing buds, select the base of the branch away from the bud of the scion, and make a horizontal incision on the bark on the surface of the base with a depth of 0.1-0.2cm to the xylem. Then, the bud stripping agent is applied to the branch and allowed to continue growing for 4-5 days. The bud stripping agent increases the sap volume of the palm wood scion branch by affecting the vessels in the xylem, thereby facilitating the separation of the bark and the cambium, which makes it easier to strip the buds and prevents the buds from falling off during stripping.

[0026] The present invention adopts carbomer to prepare a gel-like bud stripping agent. In addition to the fact that carbomer is easy to load more active substances, it is also easy to apply on branches and is convenient to use. When preparing the bud stripping agent, a low-concentration sodium chloride solution is used to prepare the carbomer gel. Under the action of low-concentration salt, the scion branches of the palm tree resist and adapt to adverse stress. In order to balance the efficiency of water transportation, the vessel density is increased at this time, but stress will always bring certain damage, such as the vessel may have a certain embolism effect and the vessel diameter becomes smaller. Therefore, while stress is being carried out, the present invention also adds gibberellins to guide the annual branches with strong activity to accelerate the differentiation of xylem tissue, promote the formation of xylem vessels and parenchyma tissue, delay the time of vessel diameter reduction, and improve the mechanical strength of the vessel. At the same time, in order to prevent the branches from affecting the grafting activity under such stress, sodium nitrophenolate and betaine are also added to the bud stripping agent to improve the resistance of the plant to embolism adversity and reduce the influence of embolism on the transportation of plant water. On this basis, the photosynthesis-promoting efficiency of triethanolamine is coordinated to ensure the normal growth of the branches during the treatment period and maintain vitality. Therefore, the bud stripping agent of the present invention acts on the xylem of the scion branch, increases the density of the vessels inside the branch under the condition of ensuring that the vessel diameter and mechanical strength remain unchanged, increases the sap flow, increases the easy peeling of the buds and bud points, and thus promotes the grafting survival rate of palm leaves. However, the use time and number of uses of the bud stripping agent need to be controlled to prevent excessive branch damage due to too long stress time.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The disclosed method of the present invention can significantly improve the success rate of peeling off the bud pieces and bud points of palm tree wood, improve the grafting survival rate, and replace the low-yield and low-efficiency palm tree wood with high-yield and high-economic-efficiency palm tree wood varieties, solve the problem of unstable quality of palm tree wood, enable the palm tree wood economic forest to be put into production quickly, and both improve the planting efficiency of palm tree wood and promote the breeding of excellent varieties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0031] Example 1: Preparation of bud stripping agent

[0032] Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass:

[0033] 10g carbomer, 1.5g triethanolamine, 0.5g sodium chloride, 0.5g sodium nitrophenolate, 1g betaine, 0.1g gibberellin.

[0034] Add water to sodium chloride to prepare a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then add carbomer, disperse and stir evenly, add triethanolamine, stir evenly again, then add betaine, sodium nitrophenolate and gibberellin, and stir to obtain a bud remover.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of bud stripping agent

[0036] Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass:

[0037] 10g carbomer, 2g triethanolamine, 1g sodium chloride, 0.6g sodium nitrophenolate, 1.5g betaine, 0.2g gibberellin.

[0038] Add water to sodium chloride to prepare a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then add carbomer, disperse and stir evenly, add triethanolamine, stir evenly again, then add betaine, sodium nitrophenolate and gibberellin, and stir to obtain a bud remover.

[0039] Example 3: Preparation of bud stripping agent

[0040] 10g carbomer, 1.6g triethanolamine, 0.8g sodium chloride, 0.55g sodium nitrophenolate, 1.2g betaine, 0.15g gibberellin.

[0041] Add water to sodium chloride to prepare a 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, then add carbomer, disperse and stir evenly, add triethanolamine, stir evenly again, then add betaine, sodium nitrophenolate and gibberellin, and stir to obtain a bud remover.

[0042] Comparative Example 1:

[0043] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference between them is that no sodium chloride is added in the selection of the raw material of the bud stripping agent, 290 ml of water is mixed with carbomer and stirred evenly, and then mixed with other raw materials to obtain the bud stripping agent.

[0044] Comparative Example 2:

[0045] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that triethanolamine is not added to the raw materials of the bud stripping agent, and the other raw materials are the same.

[0046] Comparative Example 3:

[0047] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that sodium nitrophenolate is not added to the raw materials of the bud stripping agent, and the other raw materials are the same.

[0048] Comparative Example 4:

[0049] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that betaine is not added to the raw materials of the bud stripping agent, and the other raw materials are the same.

[0050] Comparative Example 5:

[0051] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the only difference being that gibberellin is not added to the raw materials of the bud stripping agent, and the other raw materials are the same.

[0052] Comparative Example 6:

[0053] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 1, the difference being that the concentration of sodium chloride selected as the raw material of the bud stripping agent is 1 mol / L, and the amount of sodium chloride added is 1.7 g.

[0054] Example 4: Palmatum grafting

[0055] (1) Rootstock selection: Select palm trees over three years old with low fruiting rate and oil content as rootstocks, and select main branches with a diameter of 2-3 cm on the rootstock for grafting. Avoid the top of the branch when grafting, and try to select the middle and lower part of the branch;

[0056] (2) Scion selection: Select one-year-old branches of palm trees with excellent traits and stable yield for more than two years as scions, and the selected branches should have no more than 4 full buds;

[0057] (3) Grafting: 4-5 days before budding, make a cross-cut wound 0.1-0.2 cm deep into the wood on the bark at the base of the branch away from the bud point on the selected scion, and then apply a thick layer of bud stripping agent on the wound, about 0.5-1 cm, and apply it every day for 2-3 days until the day before budding;

[0058] Cut a bud with a width of 1-2 cm on the processed scion and set it aside; cut an incision of the same size as the bud on the rootstock, deep into the phloem, take out the bud and immediately embed it into the incision of the rootstock and tie it tightly.

[0059] The buds are tied together with plastic film. After the buds are placed, they are tied from top to bottom with plastic film. When wrapping, avoid the bud eyes and exposed buds. When wrapping, wrap it tightly above the bud eyes to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0060] 2-3 weeks after grafting, make a small cut in the film wrapped around the budding site, and completely remove the film after 1-2 weeks of continued growth;

[0061] Bud grafting management is required after bud grafting. The specific operations are as follows:

[0062] After budding, remove the seedling buds growing on the rootstock; when the grafted bud grows to ≥5cm, cut off the rootstock above the budding part, with the break 5-6cm away from the budding site.

[0063] After successful bud grafting, watering, topdressing and inter-row weeding are required. Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer and urea in a mass ratio of 1:0.2 for topdressing. The amount of topdressing is 50kg / mu. The time for topdressing is when the new shoots grow to 12-15cm. The frequency of watering is 7-10 days / time.

[0064] The grafting time is from early June to early July every year.

[0065] After grafting, normal grafting management should be carried out, such as removing all buds on the rootstock to reduce nutrient consumption, promote the germination of grafted buds, and remove the scion from the binding plastic bag in time after the bud point of the scion grows out.

[0066] Comparative Example 7:

[0067] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 4, the difference being that no bud stripping agent is applied before taking bud pieces, but after the scion is cut, the cut end is soaked in clean water for 1 hour before taking bud pieces, and then subsequent grafting is performed.

[0068] Comparative Example 8:

[0069] This comparative example is in contrast to Example 4, the difference being that no bud stripping agent is applied before budding, but the roots of the palm tree from which the scion is to be taken are watered one day in advance, the amount of watering being based on the normal amount of watering used at one time, and then the buds are taken by a conventional method for grafting.

[0070] experiment:

[0071] The grafting of palm leaves began in early June. The experiment was designed with 10 groups, among which the experimental group 1 used the bud stripping agent prepared in Example 1, and the comparative groups 1-6 used the bud stripping agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1-6, respectively. The grafting methods of the experimental group 1 and the comparative groups 1-6 are as follows:

[0072] (1) Rootstock selection: Select three-year-old palm trees with low fruiting rate and oil content as rootstocks, and select main branches with a diameter of 2-3 cm on the rootstock for grafting. Avoid the top of the branch when grafting, and try to select the middle and lower part of the branch;

[0073] (2) Scion selection: One-year-old branches of palm trees with excellent traits and stable yield for more than two years are selected as scions. The selected branches should have four full buds.

[0074] (3) Grafting: 5 days before budding, make a 0.1 cm long cut in the bark of the base of the branch away from the bud on the selected scion, deep into the wood. Then apply a thick layer of bud stripping agent about 0.5 cm thick on the wound, 3 times a day (morning, noon and evening), until the day before budding;

[0075] Cut a bud with a width of about 2 cm from the processed scion and set it aside; cut an incision of the same size as the bud on the rootstock, deep into the phloem, and immediately insert the bud into the incision of the rootstock after taking it out, and tie it tightly. Use plastic film for tying. After the bud is placed, tie it from top to bottom with plastic film. Avoid bud eyes and exposed buds when wrapping. Wrap tightly above the bud eyes to prevent rainwater from entering.

[0076] The grafting method of comparison groups 7-8 refers to comparative examples 7-8.

[0077] In the blank control group, the scion was not treated with bud stripping agent, and no other methods were used to treat the scion and rootstock. After the scion was selected, the buds were directly taken for grafting immediately.

[0078] Each group counted the success rate of bud peeling when peeling the buds. The buds with complete buds on the buds were considered successful peeling, and those with damaged or fallen buds were considered unsuccessful peeling. Each group took 200 buds, repeated three times, and the success rate was counted. Each group selected 50 complete buds for grafting, and observed the grafting survival rate 14 days after grafting. The grafting was successful if new buds grew out, and the survival rate was counted, repeated three times. The resulting table is shown in Table 1.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Analyzing the data, we can see that:

[0083] 1. Although the method of soaking the scion branches in clean water in comparison group 7 can promote the separation of buds to a certain extent, the survival rate of the buds peeled by this method after grafting is significantly lower than that of the blank control and experimental group 1. This may be due to the fact that the vitality of the scion will decrease if the branches are not treated immediately after shearing, or the accumulation of substances such as tannins will cause the survival rate to decrease. The effect of improving the peelability of the buds before grafting in comparison example 8 using watering is not good, indicating that it is difficult to improve the peeling effect of the scion buds and buds by directly treating the roots of palm leaves. However, compared with the blank control, the survival rate of bud grafting was not significantly affected by the root watering method.

[0084] 2. The stripping effect of the bud stripping agent prepared in the control groups 2-6 was significantly reduced compared with that in the experimental group 1, especially for the control groups 5 and 6. Gibberellic acid affected the formation of xylem vessels and parenchyma tissue, delayed or alleviated the effect of salt stress on the scion, and promoted the stripping performance of buds and bud points on the basis of improving the transport efficiency of the vessels. At the same time, it also affected the vitality of the phloem buds, resulting in a decrease in graft survival. Under high-concentration salt stress conditions, this stress is difficult to improve, which will lead to xylem damage and poor water transport, making it more difficult for the buds to be stripped, and also resulting in a decrease in the graft survival rate.

[0085] 3. For comparison group 1, although the grafting survival rate was the highest under the influence of other raw materials, its overall reproduction efficiency was poor in terms of the success rate of stripping buds and bud points. Comparison groups 2-4 lacked triethanolamine, sodium nitrophenolate, and betaine, and their stripping success rates all decreased, and the grafting survival rates also decreased to a certain extent. This is because these substances act synergistically on the scion, improving the stripping effect while alleviating the stress effect, thereby improving the grafting survival rate.

[0086] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf wood bud grafting, characterized in that: The grafting method is as follows: (1) Rootstock selection: Select three-year-old palm leaf seedlings as rootstocks; (2) Scion selection: Select one-year-old branches of palm trees with excellent traits and stable yield as scions; (3) Bud grafting: Cut a bud with a width of 1-2 cm on the scion and set it aside; cut an incision of the same size as the bud on the rootstock, deep into the phloem, take out the bud and embed it into the incision of the rootstock, and tie it tightly.

2. A method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf bud grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binding is done by using plastic film. After the buds are placed, they are bound from top to bottom with the plastic film. When wrapping, avoid the bud eyes and the exposed buds. When wrapping, wrap tightly above the bud eyes to prevent rainwater from entering.

3. A method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf bud grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: When selecting the palm leaf wood rootstock, the thickness of the grafted branch is 2-3 cm; when selecting the scion, the selected scion branch has no more than 4 full bud points.

4. A method for improving the survival rate of palm leaf bud grafting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The budding is performed immediately after the buds on the scion are taken out, and the budding time is early June to early July every year.

5. A method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting according to claim 4, characterized in that: 2-3 weeks after grafting, make a small cut in the film wrapped around the budding site, and completely remove the film after 1-2 weeks of continued growth; Bud grafting management is required after bud grafting. The specific operations are as follows: After budding, remove the seedling buds growing on the rootstock; when the grafted bud grows to ≥5cm, cut off the rootstock above the budding part, with the break 5-6cm away from the budding site.

6. A method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting according to claim 5, characterized in that: After successful bud grafting, watering, topdressing and inter-row weeding are required. Use potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound fertilizer and urea in a mass ratio of 1:0.2 for topdressing. The amount of topdressing is 50kg / mu. The topdressing time is when the new shoots grow to 12-15cm. The watering frequency is 7-10 days / time.

7. A method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In the grafting process, 4-5 days before bud chips are taken from the scion, a 0.1-0.2 cm long incision is made on the bark surface of the selected scion at the base of the branch away from the bud point, reaching the wood, and a bud stripping agent is thickly applied on the incision surface, 2-3 times a day, until the day before bud chips are taken.

8. A method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bud stripping agent comprises the following raw materials: carbomer, triethanolamine, sodium nitrophenolate, betaine, sodium chloride, and gibberellin. The preparation method of the bud stripping agent is as follows: Sodium chloride is made into 0.03 mol / L sodium chloride solution, carbomer is added, triethanolamine is added after dispersion and stirring, and betaine, sodium nitrophenolate and gibberellin are added again to obtain a bud stripping agent.

9. A method for improving the survival rate of palm tree bud grafting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the carbomer, triethanolamine and sodium chloride is 1:(0.15-0.2):(0.05-0.1), and the mass ratio of the carbomer to sodium nitrophenolate, betaine and gibberellin is 1:(0.05-0.06):(0.1-0.15):(0.01-0.02).

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