Method for improving dalbergia odorifera big tree and improving grafting survival rate and application

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving a dalbergia odorifera big tree and increasing the grafting survival rate and application. The grafting method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a healthy semi-lignified dalbergia odorifera branch with 2-3 buds as a scion, cutting the base part of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug by using a grafting knife, and spraying a diluted wound healing agent on the external wound of the scion; (2) beveling the part, 20-100cm away from the ground, of the stock to form a notch, inserting the scion, firmly binding with a plastic film strip, and reserving a port on the plastic film for ventilation when new leaves grow out. According to the grafting method, grafting propagation can be carried out under the condition that a big tree does not need to be cut off, grafted scions are protected while growth of the big tree is not affected, the scions are not prone to falling off and death, meanwhile, the grafting height is 20-100 cm, the scions are close to the root system of the grafted stock, grafted seedlings are easy to grow, growth is firmer, and the survival rate is high. In addition, by means of the grafting method, common dalbergia odorifera can be improved, the quality is improved, and the grafting method is an ideal choice for grafting a dalbergia odorifera big tree.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Dalbergia odorifera cultivation and planting, and in particular to a method and application for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate. Background Art

[0002] Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen, also known as Huanghuali and Hualimu, is a tree of the genus Santalum in the Fabaceae family. Dalbergia odorifera wood is heavy and dense in texture, making it a good material for furniture manufacturing; the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera has a fragrance and can be used as a spice or medicine. It is a good analgesic and can treat bleeding from knife wounds. Dalbergia odorifera has very high commercial and medicinal value. However, Dalbergia odorifera grows slowly. It takes more than 10 years from planting to the appearance of heartwood, and it takes dozens or even hundreds of years to form good heartwood. Due to the high price of old trees, wild resources have been severely damaged, and Dalbergia odorifera has been listed as a national Class II key protected wild plant. Since the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera is propagated by seeds, the size of the heartwood varies, and some are hollow, so it is of great significance to select excellent germplasm and improve the original trees.

[0003] The Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, has selected a germplasm with the characteristics of high yield and good texture and color, which is of great significance for the improvement of large Dalbergia odorifera trees.

[0004] At present, the propagation techniques of Dalbergia odorifera include seed propagation, cutting propagation, grafting propagation and tissue culture propagation. Seed propagation is the propagation method of Dalbergia odorifera, but due to the unclear source of seeds, the quality of the heartwood formed is different; grafting propagation is an important way to improve the variety at present. Through the grafting of excellent varieties, it not only protects the high-quality germplasm resources of Dalbergia odorifera, but also improves the quality of the heartwood. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method and application for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate. The method of the present invention is simple to operate and easy to promote, and can achieve the cultivation of high-quality Dalbergia odorifera heartwood to meet the growing market demand, while being conducive to the protection and sustainable development of high-quality Dalbergia odorifera resources.

[0006] The invention selects healthy Dalbergia odorifera trees with an age of more than 3 years as rootstocks, and performs grafting and propagation of Dalbergia plants without cutting down the trees. The invention does not hinder the growth of the trees and protects the grafted scions, making it difficult for the scions to fall off and die. The survival rate of the Dalbergia odorifera grafted 15 days after grafting can reach 98%, and the grafted survival rate of the Dalbergia odorifera plants is effectively improved.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0008] A method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) selecting healthy semi-lignified Dalbergia odorifera branches with 2-3 buds as scions, using a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug, and spraying a diluted wound healing agent on the external wound of the scion; the wound healing agent comprises: peach gum, seaweed polysaccharide, amino oligosaccharide, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, choline chloride, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sorbitan monooleate;

[0010] (2) Make an oblique cut on the rootstock 20-100 cm above the ground, insert the scion, and tie it tightly with plastic film. When new leaves grow, leave an opening in the plastic film for ventilation.

[0011] Furthermore, the wound healing agent is diluted with water to a mass concentration of 0.03-0.08% before spraying.

[0012] Furthermore, the wound healing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of peach gum, 8-11 parts of seaweed polysaccharides, 15-22 parts of amino oligosaccharides, 0.1-0.3 parts of brassinolide, 2-4 parts of acerola cherry extract, 5-8 parts of lignans, 3-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2-4 parts of sorbitan monooleate.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the wound healing agent is as follows: peach gum and water are taken according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-7 (g / mL), the peach gum is crushed and added into water to be soaked for 90-120 minutes, heated to 60-80°C while stirring to dissolve, filtered to obtain a peach gum solution, carboxymethyl cellulose and sorbitan monooleate are added into the peach gum solution, stirred and mixed, and then seaweed polysaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, and choline chloride are added and stirred and mixed to obtain the wound healing agent.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the scion has a diameter of 0.4-2 cm and has 2-3 buds.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the diameter of the scion is 0.4-1 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (1), the base of the scion is cut into a pointed wedge-shaped plug, wherein the length of the long cut surface is 2-3 cm, and the length of the short cut surface is 1-1.5 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step (1), the scion of the improved Dalbergia odorifera tree is a high-quality Dalbergia odorifera germplasm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the rootstock is a Dalbergia plant with a tree age of more than 3 years.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (2), the rootstock is Dalbergia odorifera with a tree age of more than 3 years.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (2), the number of incisions is 1-5.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the number of incisions is 2.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the incision length is 3-5 cm.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2), 1-2 scions are inserted into the rootstock.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), two scions are inserted into the rootstock.

[0025] The method for improving the Dalbergia odorifera tree and improving the grafting survival rate of the present invention is used in the grafting of Dalbergia plants.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) Avoiding damage to the rootstock: Conventional grafting methods require cutting or sawing the rootstock, which can easily cause the rootstock to be dormant or dead. The present invention completes the grafting without cutting the rootstock, thus avoiding damage to the rootstock. At the same time, there is no need to cut down the large tree, thus preserving the economic value of the large tree. 2-5 scions are grafted onto each large tree rootstock, effectively improving the success rate of grafting.

[0028] (2) High grafting survival rate: The present invention uses Dalbergia large trees for grafting, which is beneficial to protecting the scion. The grafting height is 20-100 cm, and the scion is close to the root system of the grafted stock, making it easy for the grafted seedlings to grow and grow more firmly, with a high survival rate. The survival rate of the grafted seedlings can be as high as 98%.

[0029] (3) Selective grafting: It can control the quality of Dalbergia odorifera heartwood and protect high-quality germplasm resources.

[0030] (4) Spraying wound healing agents: By using wound healing agents with a reasonable ratio, a protective layer can be formed at the wound of the scion and rootstock to prevent pathogenic bacteria from infecting the wound. It can also reduce the loss of nutrients and water at the grafting site, effectively promote the growth and healing of wound cells, and improve the grafting survival rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The invention relates to an incision for grafting a rootstock in the grafting method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2The incision for inserting the scion of the present invention into the rootstock.

[0033] Figure 3 The present invention provides different grafting methods for Dalbergia odorifera, wherein: Figure 3 A is the cut grafting method for large trees. Figure 3 B is the chip budding method; Figure 3 C is the T-budding method.

[0034] Figure 4 The grafted seedlings are grafted for 15 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] The wound healing agent of this embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of peach gum, 10 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 22 parts of amino oligosaccharide, 0.2 parts of brassinolide, 4 parts of acerola extract, 8 parts of lignans, 5 parts of betaine, 0.4 parts of choline chloride, 3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2 parts of sorbitan monooleate;

[0040] The preparation method of the wound healing agent comprises the following steps: taking peach gum and water at a material-liquid ratio of 1:6 (g / mL), crushing the peach gum, adding the crushed peach gum into water, soaking the mixture for 120 minutes, heating the mixture to 80°C while stirring to dissolve the mixture, filtering the mixture to obtain a peach gum solution, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and sorbitan monooleate into the peach gum solution, stirring and mixing the mixture at a speed of 200 r / min, and then adding seaweed polysaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, and choline chloride, stirring and mixing the mixture to obtain the wound healing agent;

[0041] The method of improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) Select healthy, semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 1.5 cm and 3 buds as scions, use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug, where the long cut surface is 3 cm long and the short cut surface is 1 cm long, dilute the wound healing agent with water to a mass concentration of 0.08% and spray it on the external wound of the scion;

[0043] (2) Select a 5-year-old Dalbergia odorifera as the rootstock, make an oblique cut 20 cm above the ground to form a 3 cm long incision, and insert two scions into each incision. Align the cambium, tie them tightly with plastic film strips, and cover them with a moisture-proof bag. When new leaves grow, leave an opening in the plastic film for ventilation.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The wound healing agent of this embodiment includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of peach gum, 8 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 15 parts of amino oligosaccharide, 0.3 parts of brassinolide, 3 parts of acerola extract, 5 parts of lignans, 3 parts of betaine, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3 parts of sorbitan monooleate;

[0046] The preparation method of the wound healing agent comprises the following steps: taking peach gum and water at a material-liquid ratio of 1:7 (g / mL), crushing the peach gum, adding the crushed peach gum into water, soaking the mixture for 100 minutes, heating the mixture to 60°C while stirring to dissolve the mixture, filtering the mixture to obtain a peach gum solution, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and sorbitan monooleate into the peach gum solution, stirring and mixing the mixture at a speed of 200 r / min, and then adding seaweed polysaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, and choline chloride, stirring and mixing the mixture to obtain the wound healing agent;

[0047] The method of improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate of this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Select healthy, semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 2 cm and two buds as scions, use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug, where the long cut surface is 3 cm long and the short cut surface is 1 cm long, dilute the wound healing agent with water to a mass concentration of 0.03% and spray it on the external wound of the scion;

[0049] (2) Select a 5-year-old Dalbergia odorifera as the rootstock, make an oblique cut 50 cm above the ground to form a 4-cm long incision, and insert two scions into each incision. Align the scions to the cambium and tie them tightly with plastic film strips. When new leaves grow, leave an opening in the plastic film for ventilation.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] This comparative example is adjusted on the basis of Example 1, and the scion grafting method is changed to a budding method. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0052] The method for improving the Dalbergia odorifera tree and improving the grafting survival rate of the comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Select healthy, semi-lignified branches with full buds, use a grafting knife to cut horizontally from 1 cm below the base of the bud to the xylem, cut downward from the bud point to the horizontal incision 1 cm above the bud, remove the bud piece, make a downward oblique cut at the lower part of the scion bud, and make an oblique cut from top to bottom at the upper part of the scion bud so that the two cuts meet, remove the bud piece with xylem, dilute the wound healing agent with water to a mass concentration of 0.08%, and then spray it on the wound of the bud piece;

[0054] (2) Select Dalbergia odorifera that is more than 5 years old as the rootstock. Make an oblique cut from top to bottom 20 cm above the ground, deep into the wood. Make an oblique cut so that the two cuts meet. Remove the bark of the rootstock cut to form an incision of the same size as the bud. Insert the bud into the rootstock cut. Make 2 incisions, insert 2 buds in each incision, align the cambium, and tie it tightly with plastic film strips. When new leaves grow, leave an opening on the plastic film for ventilation.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] This comparative example is adjusted on the basis of Example 1, and the scion cut grafting method is changed to a "T"-shaped grafting method. The rest is the same as Example 1.

[0057] The method for improving the Dalbergia odorifera tree and improving the grafting survival rate of the comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) Select healthy, semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 1.5 cm and full buds, use a grafting knife to cut horizontally from 1 cm below the base of the bud to the xylem, cut downward from the bud point to the horizontal incision 1 cm above the bud, remove the bud, dilute the wound healing agent with water to a mass concentration of 0.08%, and then spray it on the wound of the bud;

[0059] (2) Select a 5-year-old Dalbergia odorifera as the rootstock, make a horizontal cut on the bark 20 cm above the ground to the xylem, and then make a vertical cut to the xylem to form a "T" shape, open the bark and place the buds into the cambium to align them.

[0060] Comparative Example 3

[0061] This comparative example is adjusted on the basis of Example 1, without spraying the wound healing agent, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0062] The method for improving the Dalbergia odorifera tree and improving the grafting survival rate of the comparative example comprises the following steps:

[0063] (1) Select healthy, semi-lignified branches with a diameter of 1.5 cm and three buds as scions, and use a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug, with the long cut side being 3 cm long and the short cut side being 1 cm long;

[0064] (2) Select a 5-year-old Dalbergia odorifera as the rootstock, make an oblique cut 20 cm above the ground to form a 3 cm long incision, and insert two scions into each incision. Align the scions to the cambium and tie them tightly with plastic film strips. When new leaves grow, leave an opening in the plastic film for ventilation.

[0065] According to the above-mentioned examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-3, Dalbergia odorifera was grafted, and 100 scions or 100 buds were grafted in each example and comparative example group, and the grafting survival rate was calculated 15 days after grafting. The grafting survival was counted when the scion grew green buds, and the grafting failure was counted when the scion turned black or the scion was fresh but did not sprout green buds. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0066] Survival rate (%) = number of grafted plants that survived / number of grafted plants × 100%

[0067] Table 1 Grafting effect of the methods of the embodiments and comparative examples

[0068] Group Survival rate (%) Example 1 98 Example 2 95 Comparative Example 1 20 Comparative Example 2 25 Comparative Example 3 85

[0069] The above results show that different grafting methods of large trees have a great influence on the grafting survival rate, and the grafting method of Examples 1-2 of the present invention can improve the grafting survival rate of the scion, and the grafting survival rate of Dalbergia plants is 95% to 98%. Compared with Example 1, the bud grafting of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is difficult to survive in the tree grafting. Compared with Example 1, in the grafting process of Comparative Example 3, the wound healing agent composed of raw materials such as peach gum, seaweed polysaccharides, acerola cherry extract, lignans, etc. is not sprayed, which also affects the grafting survival rate of the scion, indicating that a protective layer can be formed at the wound of the scion and the stock to avoid infection of the wound by pathogenic bacteria through a suitable wound healing agent, and the loss of nutrients and water at the grafting site can also be reduced, effectively promoting the growth and healing of wound cells, and improving the grafting survival rate. In addition, the grafting method of Examples 1-2 of the present invention can perform grafting reproduction without cutting down large trees, which does not affect the growth of large trees while protecting the grafted scion, making it difficult for the scion to fall off and die, thereby effectively improving the grafting survival rate of Dalbergia plants. The grafting method provided by the present invention is an ideal choice for improving large Dalbergia plants.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) selecting healthy semi-lignified Dalbergia odorifera branches with 2-3 buds as scions, using a grafting knife to cut the base of the scion into a wedge-shaped plug, and spraying a diluted wound healing agent on the external wound of the scion; the wound healing agent comprises: peach gum, seaweed polysaccharide, amino oligosaccharide, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, choline chloride, carboxymethyl cellulose, and sorbitan monooleate; (2) Make an oblique cut on the rootstock 20-100 cm above the ground, insert the scion, and tie it tightly with plastic film. When new leaves grow, leave an opening in the plastic film for ventilation.

2. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the scion has a diameter of 0.4-2 cm and has 2-3 buds.

3. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the base of the scion is cut into a pointed wedge-shaped plug, wherein the long cut surface is 2-3 cm long and the short cut surface is 1-1.5 cm long.

4. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wound healing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of peach gum, 8-11 parts of seaweed polysaccharide, 15-22 parts of amino oligosaccharide, 0.1-0.3 parts of brassinolide, 2-4 parts of acerola extract, 5-8 parts of lignans, 3-6 parts of betaine, 0.1-0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2-4 parts of sorbitan monooleate.

5. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the wound healing agent comprises the following steps: taking peach gum and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5-7 (g / mL), crushing the peach gum, adding the crushed peach gum into water, and soaking the crushed peach gum for 90-120 minutes, heating the crushed peach gum to 60-80°C while stirring to dissolve the crushed peach gum, filtering the crushed peach gum solution, adding carboxymethyl cellulose and sorbitan monooleate into the crushed peach gum solution, stirring and mixing the crushed peach gum solution, and then adding seaweed polysaccharides, amino oligosaccharides, brassinolide, acerola extract, lignans, betaine, and choline chloride, stirring and mixing the crushed peach gum solution to obtain the wound healing agent.

6. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the rootstock is a Dalbergia plant with an age of more than 3 years.

7. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the number of incisions is 1-5.

8. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the incision length is 3-5 cm.

9. The method for improving Dalbergia odorifera trees and increasing the grafting survival rate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), 1-2 scions are inserted into the rootstock.

10. Use of the improved Dalbergia odorifera tree and the method for improving grafting survival rate as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 in the grafting of Dalbergia plants.

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