Method for planting mangrove forest in offshore area and bank front lattice device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for building and planting mangrove forests in an offshore area and a bank front lattice device, and relates to the technical field of mangrove forest planting. After on-site investigation and planning are conducted in the offshore area, the stable bank front lattice device is built in a suitable area through materials such as ecological cages, plant mats and adsorption substances; the plant mat is laid on the side, back to the sea, of the device for planting the mangrove forest, the seawater salinity is effectively reduced, the survival rate of the mangrove forest is increased, meanwhile, normal flowing of seawater is guaranteed through the channels formed by the reserved gaps, and the risk that the device is damaged by washing is avoided. The application has the effects of reducing the influence of seawater scouring on seedlings or seeds of mangrove forest plants and improving the survival rate of the mangrove forest plants in the offshore area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mangrove planting, and in particular to a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike-front grid device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing impact of global climate change and human activities, the coastal marine ecosystem has suffered serious damage, especially the reduction of mangroves has attracted widespread attention. Mangroves not only have the functions of wind and wave protection, soil consolidation and embankment protection, but also can effectively purify water quality and maintain biodiversity. Therefore, restoring and rebuilding mangroves in coastal waters has become one of the important measures for ecological restoration. At present, mangrove restoration technologies mainly include natural restoration, artificial tree planting and environmental improvement. These methods show their own advantages and limitations under different geographical conditions.

[0003] When planting mangrove plants in nearshore waters, since the planting area is close to the sea, the sea water will wash away the seedlings or seeds of the mangrove plants during high tide and low tide. The high salinity of the sea water is not conducive to the growth of the seedlings or seeds of the mangrove plants, and the direct washing of the sea water will also cause damage to the mangrove plants, resulting in difficulties in the initial growth of the mangrove plants and low survival rate. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to reduce the impact of seawater scouring on the seedlings or seeds of mangrove plants and improve the survival rate of mangrove plants in nearshore waters, the present application provides a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike-front grid device.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for planting mangroves in coastal waters using the following technical solution: comprising the following steps: S1. Conduct on-site survey and planning in the coastal waters, determine the high tide level, low tide level, and average sea level, and draw construction drawings, where the high tide level is the highest sea level at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide level and the low tide level; S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials include at least ecological cages, plant mats, adsorbents, and mangrove seedlings or seeds. The plant mats contain growth nutrients for the growth of mangrove plant seeds or seedlings, and the adsorbents are used to reduce the salinity of the seawater around the ecological cages. S3. According to the construction drawings, the ground is leveled in the tidal flat area below the average sea level and above the low tide level, and a plurality of prefabricated ecological cages are installed on the leveled ground; S4. Fill the ecological cage with weighted material, and place a layer of adsorbent on the seaward side of each ecological cage. The ecological cage, weighted material, and adsorbent together form a stable dike front grid device; S5. Lay a plant mat on the ground on the seaward side of the dike front grid device and level the surface of the plant mat so that the top of the plant mat is higher than the average sea level; S6. Evenly spread mangrove seeds on the plant mat or insert the grown mangrove seedlings; S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

[0006] Optionally, the ecological cage is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, with a height of 1 to 2 meters, a bottom width of 2 to 3 meters, and a top width of 1 to 1.5 meters.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the trapezoidal design can better adapt to the impact of seawater and increase the stability of the ecological cage and the grid device in front of the dike.

[0008] Optionally, the plant mat comprises a bag and a filling material, the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts a breathable mesh structure.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the bag restrains the filling material, ensures the stability of the filling material, and prevents the filling material from being directly washed away by sea water. In addition, the breathable mesh structure of the bag can also help maintain the air permeability and water permeability of the filling material, providing a good growth environment for the roots of mangroves.

[0010] Optionally, the filling material includes sludge, growth substrate and biomass charcoal fertilizer.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solutions, the silt provides the basic soil environment, the growth matrix provides the necessary nutrients and microbial communities for the growth of mangroves, and the biochar fertilizer can improve the soil structure, increase fertility and water retention.

[0012] Optionally, gaps are reserved between adjacent ecological cages, and corresponding gaps are also reserved between the plant mats, and the gaps between the ecological cages and the gaps between the plant mats together form channels for seawater to flow.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, at high tide or low tide, the channel provides a flow channel for the rise and fall of sea water, thereby preventing the overall structure of the grid device in front of the dike from being destroyed due to excessively fast sea water.

[0014] On the second aspect, the present application provides a dike front grid device for planting mangroves in near-shore waters, which adopts the following technical solution: it includes an ecological cage, an adsorbent, and a ballast material. The ecological cage includes a cage body and a sealing net. The cage body is provided with an opening on the sea-facing side. The sealing net is detachably connected to the cage body and can close the opening. The ballast material is filled in the ecological cage, and the adsorbent is laid on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when constructing the dike front grid device, the ecological cage is first fixed on the ground, the sealing net is removed, and the weight material is filled into the cage from the side. Then, the adsorbent is laid on the seaward side, and the sealing net is installed, thereby forming a stable dike front grid device. The detachable sealing net design facilitates the operation of filling the cage with weight material from the side during construction, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0016] Optionally, the adsorbent is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage, and the adsorbent is clamped between the sealing net and the weight material.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the adsorbent wrapped in the bag can be more evenly distributed on the seaward side of the ecological cage, enhancing the adsorption effect on seawater salinity. The tightness of the sealing net can ensure that the adsorbent remains in a stable position under the impact of long-term seawater, and will not shift or fall off, thereby continuously and effectively playing the role of reducing seawater salinity.

[0018] Optionally, the bottom of the sealing net is fixedly connected to the side frame, and a core shaft is detachably mounted on the top of the sealing net, and the sealing net is wound on the core shaft.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when constructing the dike front grid device, the core shaft is fixed on the top of the sealing net, so that the sealing net is curled on the core shaft, and then a certain height of ballast material is filled in the cage body, and a layer of adsorbent is laid on the side of the filled ballast material facing the sponge, and then part of the sealing net on the core shaft is released, and the side of the sealing net is fixed to the cage body, so that the adsorbent is pressed against the ballast material. In this way, the height of the ballast material, the adsorbent, and the sealing net is increased at the same time, ensuring that the adsorbent is pressed against the ballast material, and ensuring the stability and density of the filling material at the bottom of the cage body.

[0020] Optionally, a mounting groove is formed on the peripheral wall of the core shaft for the top of the sealing net to pass through, a clamping plate is movably provided in the mounting groove, a fastening bolt is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft, the fastening bolt extends into the mounting groove and cooperates with the thread of the clamping plate.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when constructing the dike front grid device, rotating the fastening bolt can push the pressing piece to move in the installation groove, thereby pressing the top of the sealing net passing through the installation groove to fix the sealing net, and then only the mandrel needs to be rotated to roll up the sealing net. After the dike front grid device is completed, the fastening bolt is rotated in the opposite direction to remove the mandrel from the sealing net, and then the top of the sealing net is fixedly connected to the cage body to realize the reuse of the mandrel.

[0022] Optionally, a group of connecting rods are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on both sides of the core shaft, and a baffle rod is fixedly arranged at one end of the group of connecting rods away from the core shaft, and the baffle rod is abutted against the sealing net. A locking disk is fixedly arranged at the end of the core shaft, and a plurality of locking holes are evenly opened on the locking disk along the circumferential direction. A locking pin is threadedly connected to the connecting rod, and the locking pin can be inserted into the locking hole and abutted against the locking hole.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when releasing the sealing net, the blocking rod and the sealing net are against each other, but the connecting rod can rotate on the core rod, and the blocking rod and the core rod are not directly fixed, which will not hinder the sealing net from being separated from the core shaft, thereby ensuring the smooth release process of the sealing net. When the sealing net needs to be fixed, the connecting rod is rotated to align the locking pin with the locking hole, and the locking pin is tightened so that the locking pin is inserted into the locking hole to fix the position of the connecting rod. At this time, the blocking rod can support the sealing net, prevent the curled sealing net from loosening during use, and ensure the stability and reliability of the gradual release of the sealing net.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By setting up plant mats and dike-front grid devices with absorbent materials, the direct erosion of seawater is resisted, the salinity of seawater in the mangrove planting area is reduced, the risk of damage to mangrove plant seedlings or seeds is reduced, and the survival rate of mangrove plants is significantly improved; 2. By setting up the cage, the core rod and the rollable sealing net, when filling the weight material and the adsorbent, the sealing net is gradually lowered as the filling height increases to ensure the tightness and stability of the adsorbent filling; 3. By setting the connecting rod, the stop rod, the locking plate, the locking hole and the locking pin, when the sealing net needs to be released, the stop rod will not hinder the rotation of the core shaft. When the sealing net needs to be fixed, the locking pin is inserted into the locking hole to ensure the position of the stop rod, thereby preventing the sealing net from loosening or shifting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a dike front grid device for planting mangroves in nearshore waters provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This Figure 2 A magnified view of part A; In the figure, 1. ecological cage; 11. sealing net; 12. cage body; 2. adsorbent; 3. weight material; 4. core shaft; 41. mounting groove; 411. pressing plate; 42. fastening bolt; 43. connecting rod; 44. stop rod; 45. locking disk; 451. locking hole; 46. locking pin; 5. plant mat; 6. seedling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 , further details of this application are given.

[0027] The present application discloses a method for planting mangroves in coastal waters. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including the following steps: S1. Conduct on-site survey and planning in the nearshore waters to determine the high tide level, low tide level, average sea level, and draw construction drawings. The high tide level is the highest sea level position at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level position at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide level and the low tide level.

[0028] S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials include at least an ecological cage 1, a plant mat 5, an adsorbent material 2, and mangrove seedlings 6 or seeds. The plant mat 5 contains growth nutrients for the growth of mangrove plant seeds or seedlings 6, and the adsorbent material 2 is used to reduce the salinity of seawater around the ecological cage 1.

[0029] Specifically, the ecological cage 1 can be a trapezoidal cage made of a metal mesh, with a height of 1 to 2 meters, a bottom width of 2 to 3 meters, and a top width of 1 to 1.5 meters. The plant mat 5 includes a bag and a filling material, and the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts a breathable mesh structure. The bag can be made of naturally degradable fiber materials, such as jute and flax. The filling material includes silt, a growth matrix and biochar fertilizer. In the embodiment of the present application, the growth matrix is ​​peat soil, and the biochar fertilizer is rice husk charcoal, and the silt, peat soil and rice husk charcoal are mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1 to prepare the filling material. The adsorbent 2 can be activated carbon or an ion exchange resin. Mangrove seedlings 6 or seeds can give priority to mangrove plants with good local growth conditions. If there is no reference, common mangrove species such as tung trees can be selected.

[0030] S3. According to the construction drawings, the ground is leveled in the tidal flat area below the average sea level and above the low tide level, and a plurality of prefabricated ecological cages 1 are installed on the leveled ground, and gaps are reserved between adjacent ecological cages 1.

[0031] S4. Fill the ecological cage 1 with weight material 3, and place a layer of adsorbent 2 on the seaward side of each trapezoidal ecological cage 1, wherein the weight material 3 can be stones or sandbags so that local materials can be used. The ecological cage 1, weight material 3, and adsorbent 2 together form a stable dike front grid device.

[0032] S5. Plant mats 5 are laid on the ground on the side of the dike grid device facing away from the sea, and the surface of the plant mats 5 is leveled so that the top of the plant mats 5 is higher than the average sea level to prevent water from accumulating on the surface of the plant mats 5 for a long time. Note that corresponding gaps are also reserved between the plant mats 5, so that the gaps between the ecological cages 1 and the gaps between the plant mats 5 together form a channel for seawater to flow. When the tide is high or low, the channel provides a channel for the flow of seawater, thereby preventing the overall structure of the dike grid device from being destroyed due to excessive seawater.

[0033] S6, evenly sowing mangrove seeds or inserting grown mangrove seedlings 6 on the plant mat 5; S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the trapezoidal ecological cage 1 plays a fixing and supporting role, which can not only withstand the strong impact of ocean currents, but also acts as a temporary shielding barrier to help the mangrove seedlings 6 to smoothly pass the early stage. At the same time, the silt and biomass charcoal fertilizer in the plant mat 5 provide a rich source of nutrients for the growth of mangroves. The bag not only binds the filling material and ensures the stability of the filling material, but also helps to reduce the direct contact area between the filling material and the seawater. The adsorbent 2 alleviates the pressure of the high salinity environment on plant survival. It reduces the impact of seawater scouring on the seedlings 6 or seeds of mangrove plants, provides a safe growth environment for the early stages of mangrove plants, and improves the survival rate of mangrove plants in coastal waters. As time goes by, the mangrove plants gradually grow up, and the roots of the mangrove plants penetrate into the ground sediments under the plant mat 5. At this time, the mangrove plants have sufficient self-supporting ability. Even if the ecological cage 1 begins to rust and age, it will not affect the normal growth of the mangroves.

[0035] The present application also discloses a dike front grid device for planting mangroves in nearshore waters, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which includes an ecological cage 1, an adsorbent material 2, and a weight material 3. The ecological cage 1 includes a cage body 12 and a sealing net 11. The cage body 12 is provided with an opening on the sea-facing side. The sealing net 11 is detachably connected to the cage body 12, and the sealing net 11 can close the opening. The weight material 3 is filled in the ecological cage 1, and the adsorbent material 2 is laid on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage 1. Among them, the adsorbent material 2 is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage 1, and the adsorbent material 2 is bound to the weight material 3 by the sealing net 11. The adsorbent material 2 wrapped in the cloth bag can be more evenly distributed on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage 1, thereby enhancing the adsorption effect on the salinity of seawater. The binding effect of the sealing net 11 can ensure that the adsorbent material 2 maintains a stable position under the impact of long-term seawater, and will not shift or fall off.

[0036] In order to facilitate the construction of the dike front grid device, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The bottom of the sealing net 11 is fixedly connected to the side frame by steel wire or rope strapping, and a core shaft 4 is detachably installed on the top of the sealing net 11, and the sealing net 11 is rolled up on the core shaft 4. A mounting groove 41 is provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft 4 for the top of the sealing net 11 to pass through, and a pressing piece 411 is movably provided in the mounting groove 41. A fastening bolt 42 is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft 4, and the fastening bolt 42 is threadedly matched with the pressing piece 411. A group of connecting rods 43 are symmetrically and rotatably provided on both sides of the core shaft 4, and a group of connecting rods 43 are fixedly provided with a blocking rod 44 at one end away from the core shaft 4, and the blocking rod 44 is against the sealing net 11. A locking disk 45 is fixedly provided at the end of the core shaft 4, and a plurality of locking holes 451 are evenly provided on the locking disk 45 along the circumferential direction. A locking pin 46 is threadedly connected to the connecting rod 43, and the locking pin 46 can be inserted into the locking hole 451 and abut against the locking hole 451.

[0037] The implementation principle of a dike front grid device in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: when constructing the dike front grid device, first, the ecological cage 1 is fixedly installed on the leveled ground. Then, the top of the sealing net 11 is removed from the ecological cage 1, the top of the sealing net 11 is inserted into the installation groove 41, and the fastening bolt 42 is rotated to push the pressing sheet 411 to move in the installation groove 41, and the pressing sheet 411 presses the top of the sealing net 11, thereby fixing the core shaft 4 on the top of the sealing net 11. Then, the sealing net 11 is wound on the core shaft 4, and the connecting rod 43 is rotated to align the locking pin 46 with the locking hole 451, and the locking pin 46 is tightened and inserted into the locking hole 451, and the blocking rod 44 is fixed to the core shaft 4, and the blocking rod 44 supports the sealing net 11 to prevent the sealing net 11 from loosening, so as to fill the cage with the weight material 3 from the side opening of the ecological cage 1.

[0038] During the filling process, a certain height of the weight material 3 is filled in the cage 12, and a layer of the adsorbent material 2 is laid on the side of the weight material 3 that has been filled and faces the sponge. Then, the locking pin 46 is released, and part of the sealing net 11 on the core shaft 4 is released. The height of the released sealing net 11 is flush with the height of the adsorbent material 2. Then, the blocking rod 44 is re-fixed, and the side of the released sealing net 11 is fixed to the cage 12 by steel wire or rope, so that the adsorbent material 2 is pressed against the weight material 3. Then, the operation of filling the weight material 3, laying the adsorbent material 2, releasing the sealing net 11, and fixing the side of the sealing net 11 to the cage 12 is repeated until the cage 12 is completely filled. In this way, the height of the weight material 3, the adsorbent material 2, and the sealing net 11 are gradually increased, ensuring that the adsorbent material 2 can be pressed against the weight material 3 at any position in the height direction, thereby ensuring the stability and density of the filling material at the bottom of the cage 12. Finally, the mandrel is removed from the top of the sealing net 11, and the top of the sealing net 11 is tied and fixed to the top of the cage 12 by a steel wire rope belt, thereby preventing seawater from directly impacting the mangrove plants, and helping to reduce the salinity of the washed seawater, protecting the growth of mangrove plants in the coastal waters.

[0039] The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for planting mangroves in coastal waters, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Conduct on-site survey and planning in the coastal waters, determine the high tide level, low tide level, and average sea level, and draw construction drawings, where the high tide level is the highest sea level at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide level and the low tide level; S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials at least include an ecological cage (1), a plant mat (5), an adsorbent (2), and mangrove seedlings (6) or seeds. The plant mat (5) contains growth nutrients for the mangrove plant seeds or seedlings (6), and the adsorbent (2) is used to reduce the salinity of the seawater around the ecological cage (1). S3. According to the construction drawings, level the ground in the tidal flat area below the average sea level and above the low tide level, and install a plurality of prefabricated ecological cages (1) on the leveled ground; S4, filling the ecological cage (1) with a weight material (3), and placing a layer of adsorbent (2) on the seaward side of each ecological cage (1), so that the ecological cage (1), the weight material (3), and the adsorbent (2) together form a stable dike front grid device; S5, laying a plant mat (5) on the ground on the side of the dike front grid device facing away from the sea, and leveling the surface of the plant mat (5), so that the top of the plant mat (5) is higher than the average sea level; S6, evenly sowing mangrove seeds or inserting grown mangrove seedlings (6) on the plant mat (5); S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

2. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological cage (1) is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, the height of the ecological cage (1) is 1 to 2 meters, the bottom width is 2 to 3 meters, and the top width is 1 to 1.5 meters.

3. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant mat (5) comprises a bag and a filling material, wherein the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts an air-permeable mesh structure.

4. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fill material includes sludge, growth substrate and biomass charcoal fertilizer.

5. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: Gaps are reserved between adjacent ecological cages (1), and corresponding gaps are also reserved between the plant mats (5). The gaps between the ecological cages (1) and the gaps between the plant mats (5) together form a channel for the flow of seawater.

6. A dike front grid device, characterized in that: The ecological cage (1) comprises an ecological cage (1), an adsorbent material (2), and a weight material (3). The ecological cage (1) comprises a cage body (12) and a sealing net (11). An opening is arranged on the sea-facing side of the cage body (12). The sealing net (11) is detachably connected to the cage body (12). The sealing net (11) can seal the opening. The weight material (3) is filled in the ecological cage (1), and the adsorbent material (2) is laid on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage (1).

7. A dike front grid device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adsorbent (2) is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage (1), and the adsorbent (2) is clamped between the sealing net (11) and the weight material (3).

8. A dike front grid device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the sealing net (11) is fixedly connected to the cage body (12); a core shaft (4) is detachably mounted on the top of the sealing net (11), and the sealing net (11) is wound on the core shaft (4).

9. A dike front grid device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A mounting groove (41) is provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft (4) for the top of the sealing net (11) to pass through, a clamping plate (411) is movably provided in the mounting groove (41), and a fastening bolt (42) is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft (4), the fastening bolt (42) extends into the mounting groove (41) and is threadably engaged with the clamping plate (411).

10. A dike front grid device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A group of connecting rods (43) are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on both sides of the core shaft (4); a blocking rod (44) is fixedly arranged on one end of the connecting rod (43) away from the core shaft (4); the blocking rod (44) abuts against the sealing net (11); a locking plate (45) is fixedly arranged at the end of the core shaft (4); the locking plate (45) is evenly provided with a plurality of locking holes (451) along the circumferential direction; a locking pin (46) is threadedly connected to the connecting rod (43); the locking pin (46) can be inserted into the locking hole (451) and abuts against the locking hole (451).

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