Feed for improving meat quality of ternary pork and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for improving the meat quality of ternary pigs and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of livestock feeds. The pig feed provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 530 to 650 parts of corn, 80 to 160 parts of soybean meal, 60 to 110 parts of bran, 50 to 100 parts of wheat middling, 10 to 20 parts of soybean oil, 6 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 6 to 10 parts of stone powder, 2 to 5 parts of table salt, 8 to 12 parts of premix, 5 to 10 parts of sainfoin extract, 5 to 20 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 16 to 35 parts of soybean curb residue and 24 to 65 parts of peanut vine powder. The pig feed provided by the invention improves the growth speed of ternary pigs, the feed conversion rate, the carcass lean meat percentage after slaughtering and the color, the taste and the nutritional value of pork, and meets the ever-increasing requirements of the market on high-quality pork products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of livestock feed, and relates to a feed for improving the quality of three-way pork and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sanyuan pigs are favored by breeders because of their fast growth rate, high feed conversion rate, high lean meat rate, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance. In breeding practice, a common problem is that the physiological differences between pig breeds are often ignored, and uniform feed is used for feeding. This is very unfavorable for the breeding of Sanyuan pigs. For example, after the removal of pig offal (internal organs, limbs and head) after slaughtering native pigs and foreign Sanyuan pigs with the same weight of 120kg, the net meat weight of foreign Sanyuan pigs exceeds that of native pigs by about 6kg on average. This significant difference is largely attributed to the advantage of the length of the small intestine of foreign Sanyuan pigs. The average length of the small intestine is about 2cm longer than that of native pigs. This physiological structure feature enables foreign Sanyuan pigs to perform well in the absorption and conversion of nutrients. However, foreign Sanyuan pigs are not without shortcomings. The relatively small stomach volume and inadequate development of the cecum have together led to the limited feed intake of the three-way pig, poor tolerance to roughage, more stringent requirements for the breeding environment, and relatively weak resistance to external stress factors. Therefore, a refined breeding strategy suitable for the three-way pig is needed to give full play to its breed advantages while effectively dealing with its unique physiological limitations. Summary of the invention

[0003] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a feed for improving the pork quality of Sanyuan pigs and a preparation method thereof. By optimizing the feed formula and processing technology, the feed intake and roughage tolerance of Sanyuan pigs are improved, thereby promoting the healthy growth of Sanyuan pigs and improving the meat quality.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed for improving the quality of pork of a three-way pig. The feed comprises, by weight: 530-650 parts of corn, 80-160 parts of soybean meal, 60-110 parts of bran, 50-100 parts of second-grade flour, 10-20 parts of soybean oil, 6-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 6-10 parts of stone powder, 2-5 parts of salt, 8-12 parts of premix, 5-10 parts of red bean grass extract, 5-20 parts of mealworm powder, 16-35 parts of tofu dregs, and 24-65 parts of peanut vine powder.

[0005] Preferably, the feed for improving the quality of three-way pork of the present invention contains, by weight: 620 parts of corn, 80 parts of soybean meal, 110 parts of bran, 50 parts of second-grade flour, 10 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 8 parts of premix, 10 parts of red bean grass extract, 20 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 20 parts of tofu dregs, and 50 parts of peanut vine powder.

[0006] Furthermore, the present invention provides a feed for improving the quality of three-way pork, wherein the premix is ​​4000 IU / kg vitamin A, 1200 IU / kg vitamin D3, 17.2 IU / kg vitamin E, 2 mg / kg vitamin K3, 1 mg / kg vitamin B1, 12.8 mg / kg vitamin B2, 6.8 mg / kg pantothenic acid, 0.017 mg / kg vitamin B12, 20.3 mg / kg niacin, 351 mg / kg choline chloride, 10 mg / kg manganese, 50 mg / kg iron, 50 mg / kg zinc, 20 mg / kg copper, 0.3 mg / kg iodine, and 0.3 mg / kg selenium.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing feed for improving the quality of pork of a three-way pig, comprising: ultrasonically extracting red bean grass to obtain red bean grass extract; crushing and sieving peanut vines to obtain peanut vine powder; and uniformly mixing the red bean grass extract, peanut vine powder, corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, mealworm powder, and tofu dregs to obtain pig feed.

[0008] Furthermore, the ultrasonic extraction method of sainfoin comprises: crushing and sieving dried sainfoin to obtain sainfoin powder; mixing the sainfoin powder with ethanol, performing ultrasonic extraction, and obtaining an extract; and vacuum filtering and vacuum drying the extract to obtain a sainfoin extract.

[0009] Furthermore, the solid-liquid ratio of the ultrasonic extraction of the red bean grass powder is 1:30-50, the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 30-60° C., and the ultrasonic extraction time is 40-60 min;

[0010] The concentration of the ethanol is 20% to 40%.

[0011] Furthermore, the vacuum drying temperature is 60 to 80° C., and the vacuum drying time is 12 to 24 hours.

[0012] Furthermore, the mesh size of the sieved sainfoin is 60 to 80 meshes;

[0013] The mesh size of the peanut vines screening is 40 to 60 meshes.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of the pig feed in improving pork quality.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages:

[0016] (1) The pig feed of the present invention is used to feed three-way pigs. The average daily weight gain of the three-way pigs is 1.13-1.16 kg / d, the average feed intake is 2.83-2.91 kg / d, and the feed-to-weight ratio is 2.47-2.53, indicating that the pig feed of the present invention can improve the feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of three-way pigs, promote growth, and reduce breeding costs.

[0017] (2) The effective ingredients in the red bean grass extract, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder of the present invention help reduce fat deposition in pigs, making the back fat thickness of Sanyuan pigs 26.96 mm, while the yellow mealworm powder promotes muscle growth in Sanyuan pigs. Adding red bean grass extract, yellow mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vines promotes the growth and development of pigs, so that the slaughter rate of Sanyuan pigs is increased by 4.1% compared with the control group; it can slow down the decline rate of muscle pH of Sanyuan pigs after slaughter, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of meat quality.

[0018] (3) When the feed provided by the present invention was used to feed Sanyuan pigs, the marbling score of the pork was 3.38, indicating that the pig feed provided by the present invention can improve the intramuscular fat content and distribution of pork, and enhance the taste and flavor of the meat; at the same time, the tenderness score of the pork was 1.25, and the drip loss was 1.31%, indicating that the water retention and tenderness of the pork were also improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. The experimental methods and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0020] In the following examples, tofu dregs were purchased from Taobao Mermaid, mealworm powder was purchased from Huamao (Shandong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and second-rate powder was purchased from Linqu County Huamao Feed Co., Ltd.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This embodiment provides a pig feed for improving the quality of three-way pork.

[0023] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment includes: corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, red bean grass extract, mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder.

[0024] Calculated by weight, the contents of the components of the three-way pig feed are: 650 parts of corn, 87 parts of soybean meal, 70 parts of bran, 80 parts of second-grade flour, 20 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of salt, 12 parts of premix, 8 parts of red bean grass extract, 15 parts of mealworm powder, 16 parts of tofu dregs and 24 parts of peanut vine powder.

[0025] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment was used to feed three-way pigs, and the average daily weight gain of the three-way pigs was 1.13 kg / d, the average feed intake was 2.83 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.50, the slaughter rate was 71.93%, the marbling score was 3.38, the tenderness was 1.25, and the drip loss was 1.29%.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] This embodiment provides a pig feed for improving the quality of three-way pork.

[0028] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment includes: corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, red bean grass extract, mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder.

[0029] Calculated by weight, the contents of the components of the three-way pig feed are: 530 parts of corn, 160 parts of soybean meal, 60 parts of bran, 100 parts of second-grade flour, 10 parts of soybean oil, 6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of stone powder, 4 parts of salt, 10 parts of premix, 5 parts of red bean grass extract, 5 parts of mealworm powder, 35 parts of tofu dregs and 65 parts of peanut vine powder.

[0030] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment was used to feed three-way pigs, and the average daily weight gain of the three-way pigs was 1.15 kg / d, the average feed intake was 2.91 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.53, the slaughter rate was 71.85%, the marbling score was 3.38, the tenderness was 1.25, and the drip loss was 1.30%.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] This embodiment provides a pig feed for improving the quality of three-way pork.

[0033] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment includes: corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, red bean grass extract, mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder.

[0034] Calculated by weight, the contents of the components of the three-way pig feed are: 620 parts of corn, 80 parts of soybean meal, 110 parts of bran, 50 parts of second-grade flour, 10 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 8 parts of premix, 10 parts of red bean grass extract, 20 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 20 parts of tofu dregs and 50 parts of peanut vine powder.

[0035] The three-way pig feed described in this embodiment was used to feed three-way pigs, and the average daily weight gain of the three-way pigs was 1.16 kg / d, the average feed intake was 2.86 kg / d, the feed-to-weight ratio was 2.47, the slaughter rate was 72.64%, the marbling score was 3.38, the tenderness was 1.25, and the drip loss was 1.31%.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] The invention provides a method for preparing pig feed for improving the quality of three-way pork.

[0038] 1. Preparation of Sainfoin Extract

[0039] The red bean grass was collected from the red bean grass planting base in Qiongbola Town, Chabuchaer Xibo Autonomous County, Yili, Xinjiang. After the red bean grass was dried in the sun, it was crushed and passed through a 60-80 mesh sieve to obtain red bean grass powder. Weigh 10g of red bean grass powder, add ethanol with a concentration of 20% to 40%, and the solid-liquid ratio is 1:30-50. Ultrasonicate at 30-60°C for 40-60min to obtain an extract. After the ultrasonic extraction is completed, the extract is cooled to room temperature and the extracts extracted multiple times are combined. The combined extract is vacuum filtered, and after the filtration is completed, it is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 60-80°C and dried for 12-24h to obtain red bean grass extract powder for standby use.

[0040] 2. Preparation of Peanut Rice Powder

[0041] Peanut vines (excluding peanut roots) were collected from peanut planting fields in Tamutoglak Town, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, and then naturally dried in the sun and crushed. The powder was sieved through a 40-60 mesh sieve to obtain peanut vine powder for later use.

[0042] 3. Preparation method of pig feed

[0043] Corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, red bean grass extract, mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder are mixed according to the proportions described in Examples 1 to 3 to obtain the pork feed with improved meat quality of the present invention.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] This embodiment provides an experimental method for feeding Sanyuan pigs with a pig feed that improves the pork quality of Sanyuan pigs.

[0046] 1. Preliminary preparations for the test

[0047] In this embodiment, 200 healthy Durbin × Chang × Da three-way crossbred pigs (castrated boars) weighing about 70 kg were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 5 replicates and 8 pigs in each replicate. The pre-feeding period was 10 days. During the pre-feeding period, the health status of the three-way crossbred pigs was carefully observed so that corresponding adjustments could be made in time. After the pre-feeding period, the three-way crossbred pigs were fed according to the dietary composition of each treatment group shown in Table 1.

[0048] The dietary composition and nutritional level of each experimental group are shown in Table 1:

[0049] Table 1 Diet composition and nutritional level of each experimental group

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Note: The ingredients and content of the premix are: 4000IU / kg vitamin A, 1200IU / kg vitamin D3, 17.2IU / kg vitamin E, 2mg / kg vitamin K3, 1mg / kg vitamin B1, 12.8mg / kg vitamin B2, 6.8mg / kg pantothenic acid, 0.017mg / kg vitamin B 12 , 20.3mg / kg niacin, 351mg / kg choline chloride, 10mg / kg manganese, 50mg / kg iron, 50mg / kg zinc, 20mg / kg copper, 0.3mg / kg iodine, 0.3mg / kg selenium.

[0053] 2. Animal Management

[0054] The experiment was conducted in April 2024 at the pig farm of Xinjiang Taikun Group Co., Ltd. in Changji City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. Before the experiment, the Sanyuan pig house was disinfected, the experimental pigs were weighed, numbered and grouped, and then dewormed. The experimental period was 50 days, and the pigs were fed 3 times a day at 6 / 11 / 17 o'clock, with unlimited metering and free drinking water. The feces were cleaned once at 8 o'clock every day and disinfected once every 3 days.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] This example provides the changes in production performance of three-way pigs in each test group.

[0057] 1. Growth performance analysis of each experimental group

[0058] The growth performance of the control group, experimental group 1, experimental group 2, experimental group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5 during the test period is shown in Table 2. The weight difference of each experimental group in the initial stage is not large, indicating that the actual difference in weight of each experimental group is not enough to affect the test results. From the average feed intake, the average feed intake of experimental group 5 increased by 3.62% compared with the control group, while the average feed intake of experimental groups 1 to 4 was not much different from that of the control group. It shows that the pig feed of the present invention can increase the feed intake of piglets. From the average daily weight gain data of piglets, the performance of experimental group 1 and experimental group 4 is close to that of the control group, while experimental group 2, experimental group 3 and experimental group 5 show more significant growth advantages, and their average daily weight gain is increased by 19.32%, 18.18% and 31.82% respectively compared with the control group. Feed-to-weight ratio is a key indicator for measuring feed conversion efficiency. The lower its value, the less feed the three-way pig consumes when the same weight gain is obtained. The feed-to-weight ratios of test groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were all lower than that of test group 1. Combined with the average final body weight analysis, the pig feed provided in this embodiment has a more obvious fattening effect on three-way pigs.

[0059] Table 2 Growth performance of piglets in each experimental group

[0060]

[0061] 2. Analysis of slaughter performance and pork quality of each experimental group

[0062] According to the Technical Specifications for Determination of Pork Quality (NY / T 821-2019), routine indicators such as marbling, muscle pH, tenderness, and drip loss were measured, and the test results were averaged.

[0063] Table 3 Slaughter performance and pork quality of each experimental group

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] As shown in Table 3, red bean grass extract (experimental group 1), yellow mealworm powder (experimental group 2), bean curd dregs (experimental group 3), and peanut vine powder (experimental group 4) can improve the slaughter rate of three-way pigs to a certain extent. Among them, yellow mealworm powder and bean curd dregs have obvious effects on the improvement of slaughter rate, because yellow mealworm powder is a source of insect protein, rich in protein, amino acids and Omega-3 nutrients, and bean curd dregs, as a by-product in the processing of soy products, also contain rich protein, vitamins and trace elements, these effective ingredients can improve the immunity of pigs, enhance resistance to diseases, and promote the growth and development of pigs. In the process of feeding three-way pigs, red bean grass extract, yellow mealworm powder, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder are matched, and the slaughter rate of three-way pigs is increased by 4.1% compared with the control group, indicating that the pig feed provided by the present invention makes the nutrition obtained by three-way pigs comprehensive and balanced, and can promote the growth and development of pigs. The back fat thickness of experimental group 1, experimental group 3, experimental group 4 and experimental group 5 is lower than that of the control group, indicating that red bean grass extract, bean curd dregs and peanut vine powder can reduce fat deposition in pigs. The eye muscle area of ​​experimental group 2 was the largest, indicating that mealworm powder promoted muscle growth of Sanyuan pigs. After slaughter, the pH value of muscle was measured and it was found that the muscle pH values ​​of experimental groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter were higher than those of the control group, indicating that red bean grass extract, mealworm powder, tofu residue and peanut vine powder can slow down the decline of muscle pH of Sanyuan pigs after slaughter. The marbling score of experimental groups 1, 4 and 5 was higher than that of the control group, indicating that red bean grass extract and peanut vine powder can improve the intramuscular fat content and distribution of pork and enhance the taste and flavor of meat. Furthermore, the tenderness score and drip loss of experimental groups 1 and 5 were lower, indicating that red bean grass extract can improve the water retention and tenderness of meat. This is because red bean grass extract contains flavonoids, which improve the water retention and tenderness of meat by affecting the composition and structure of muscle fibers, promoting the activity of enzymes in muscles and enhancing the water retention capacity of muscle tissue. In summary, the pig feed provided by the present invention can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and pork quality of three-way pigs.

[0067] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving the quality of three-way pork, characterized in that: The feed comprises, by weight, 530-650 parts of corn, 80-160 parts of soybean meal, 60-110 parts of bran, 50-100 parts of second-grade flour, 10-20 parts of soybean oil, 6-10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 6-10 parts of stone powder, 2-5 parts of salt, 8-12 parts of premix, 5-10 parts of red bean grass extract, 5-20 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 16-35 parts of tofu dregs, and 24-65 parts of peanut vine powder.

2. The feed for improving the quality of three-way pork according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of weight, the feed comprises: 620 parts of corn, 80 parts of soybean meal, 110 parts of bran, 50 parts of second-grade flour, 10 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 7 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 8 parts of premix, 10 parts of red bean grass extract, 20 parts of yellow mealworm powder, 20 parts of tofu dregs, and 50 parts of peanut vine powder.

3. The feed for improving the quality of three-way pork according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix is ​​4000 IU / kg vitamin A, 1200 IU / kg vitamin D3, 17.2 IU / kg vitamin E, 2 mg / kg vitamin K3, 1 mg / kg vitamin B1, 12.8 mg / kg vitamin B2, 6.8 mg / kg pantothenic acid, 0.017 mg / kg vitamin B 12 , 20.3mg / kg niacin, 351mg / kg choline chloride, 10mg / kg manganese, 50mg / kg iron, 50mg / kg zinc, 20mg / kg copper, 0.3mg / kg iodine, 0.3mg / kg selenium.

4. A method for preparing feed for improving the quality of pork, characterized in that: The red bean grass extract is obtained by ultrasonic extraction; the peanut vine is crushed and sieved to obtain the peanut vine powder; the red bean grass extract, the peanut vine powder, corn, soybean meal, bran, second flour, soybean oil, calcium hydrogen phosphate, stone powder, salt, premix, yellow mealworm powder and bean curd residue are evenly mixed to prepare the feed.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic extraction method of sainfoin comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving dried sainfoin to obtain sainfoin powder; mixing the sainfoin powder with ethanol, and performing ultrasonic extraction to obtain an extract; and vacuum filtering and vacuum drying the extract to obtain a sainfoin extract.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mesh size of the sieve of the sainfoin grass is 60 to 80 meshes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid-liquid ratio of the ultrasonic extraction of the red bean grass powder is 1:30-50, the ultrasonic extraction temperature is 30-60°C, and the ultrasonic extraction time is 40-60min; The concentration of the ethanol is 20% to 40%.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vacuum drying temperature is 60-80° C., and the vacuum drying time is 12-24 hours.

9. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mesh size of the peanut vines screening is 40 to 60 meshes.

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